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Adivision of "YIDYARTHIACADEMY PVT' LTD'" JEE

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Real Gases
1.

Ll

Real gases deviate &om ideal gas behaviour because

real gases occupy a finite
1 . Real gases molecules have a finite volume. (since on liquification
volume)
2. Inter molecular atraction force betneen real gas molecules is not zero. (Real gases can be
converted into liquid whereas ideal gases can't be )
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour can be measured by using comperessibiliry factor

(z).

(PV)real

z- (PV)ideal *

(PV,,)real

RT

(1.
-)lr!L
= (V,,,)ideal

V-- volume of one mole ormolar volume.

Variation ofZ with pressurc atconstant temperature

'Ht/Co2
He I

Z=l

9^o1d":i:*:
(i)Z:1

for ideal gas

N2

I{,

itleal

(rl)Z> I at all pressures

for He/FI,

(iii)Z < 1 at low pressure (for all other

(ir)Z > I at high pressere (for all other

gases)
gases).

VanderWall Equation of Real Gases The ideal gas equation does not consider rhe eff'ect of attractive forces and firrite molecular
volume. Vander *'aal corrected the ideal gas equation by taking the effect of
(h) Molecular atffaction.
(a) Molecularvloume

(A) Volume Correction

Ideal gas equation: PV, = nRT
Here V. stands for the volume which is available for &ee mor,ement of the molecules or V,
is the volume ofthe containerbecause molecules are assumed
to be point masses. But for a real gas Vr * voiume of
contaimer beacuse molecules have a finite volurne and
hence complete volume of container is not available for
free movement of molecules.The r,'olune that is not available
for free movement is called exclude d volumc. It is caiculated

asfollows:
For molecule 2, the entire shaded region is excluded, as its cenlre of mass cannot entre this
region. Ifboth molecules nere ideal then they would not have experierced any excluded volume
but this is not in the case of a real gas as the centre of mass of molecule 2 cannot entre the
shaded region.Hence for the pair of real gas molecules ( 1 &2) as shou'n above.
Excruded volumepermolecule

b: excludedvolume

Rpgd.

!{!"r'"f}

permode of gas: N

For n moles excluded volume

=V-

-{i -'}

^4(+*,)

nb

"blvolume

correction

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