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    Muscle and Nerve: Unique To Animals Conduct Electricity (Controlled Fashion) Allow For Movement

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    Zahir Jayvee Gayak II
    Muscle and nerve tissue are unique to animals and allow for movement via the conduction of electricity in a controlled fashion. The interaction of actin and myosin proteins explains muscle shortening and force generation during contraction. At the cellular level, an action potential causes the actin-myosin complex in the sarcomere to shorten, and many sarcomeres working together causes whole muscle contraction. The three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - differ in their cellular structure and voluntary or involuntary function. Nervous tissue contains the largest cells in the body, neurons, which communicate via electrical signals across synapses.

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    Muscle and Nerve: Unique To Animals Conduct Electricity (Controlled Fashion) Allow For Movement

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    Zahir Jayvee Gayak II
    16 views12 pages
    Muscle and nerve tissue are unique to animals and allow for movement via the conduction of electricity in a controlled fashion. The interaction of actin and myosin proteins explains muscle shortening and force generation during contraction. At the cellular level, an action potential causes the actin-myosin complex in the sarcomere to shorten, and many sarcomeres working together causes whole muscle contraction. The three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - differ in their cellular structure and voluntary or involuntary function. Nervous tissue contains the largest cells in the body, neurons, which communicate via electrical signals across synapses.

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    Muscle Nerve

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    Muscle and nerve tissue are unique to animals and allow for movement via the conduction of electricity in a controlled fashion. The interaction of actin and myosin proteins explains muscle shortening and force generation during contraction. At the cellular level, an action potential causes the actin-myosin complex in the sarcomere to shorten, and many sarcomeres working together causes whole muscle contraction. The three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - differ in their cellular structure and voluntary or involuntary function. Nervous tissue contains the largest cells in the body, neurons, which communicate via electrical signals across synapses.

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    16 views12 pages

    Muscle and Nerve: Unique To Animals Conduct Electricity (Controlled Fashion) Allow For Movement

    Uploaded by

    Zahir Jayvee Gayak II
    Muscle and nerve tissue are unique to animals and allow for movement via the conduction of electricity in a controlled fashion. The interaction of actin and myosin proteins explains muscle shortening and force generation during contraction. At the cellular level, an action potential causes the actin-myosin complex in the sarcomere to shorten, and many sarcomeres working together causes whole muscle contraction. The three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - differ in their cellular structure and voluntary or involuntary function. Nervous tissue contains the largest cells in the body, neurons, which communicate via electrical signals across synapses.

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    of 12

    MUSCLE AND NERVE

    unique to animals
    conduct electricity (controlled fashion)
    allow for movement

    Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.

    Molecular Basis of Muscle


    Function
    Actin-Myosin model (board)
    EXPLAINS:

    MUSCLE SHORTENING
    MUSCLE FORCE GENERATION OR
    CONTRACTION

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    Mechanics of Contraction
    Muscle cell is unit
    Role of actin/myosin
    Action potential or
    depolarization of
    membrane makes cell
    contract
    (motor neuron action
    potential stimulates
    muscle membrane
    depolarization)

    Fig. 10.4

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    Visualizing muscle contraction


    How actinmyosin
    complex
    (sarcomere)
    shorten
    muscle

    Fig. 10.7
    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    From Actin-Myosin to Whole


    Muscle

    M&M,
    Fig.4.17
    formuscle
    types

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    Skeletal Muscle Tissue


    (each skeletal muscle is an organ)
    Cells

    Long and cylindrical, in bundles


    Multinucleate
    Obvious Striations

    Skeletal Muscles-Voluntary
    Connective Tissue Components:

    Endomysium-between fibers
    Perimysium-surrounds bundles
    Epimysium-surround whole muscle
    Attached to bones, fascia, skin
    Origin & Insertion HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    Smooth Muscle Tissue


    Cells
    Single cells, uninucleate
    No striations

    Smooth Muscle-Involuntary
    2 layers-opposite orientation (peristalsis)

    Surrounds hollow organs, blood vessels


    Connective Tissue Component
    Endomysium: surrounds cells

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    Cardiac Muscle
    Cells

    Branching, chains of cells


    Single or Binucleated
    Striations
    Connected by Intercalated discs

    Cardiac Muscle-Involuntary
    Myocardium-heart muscle

    Pumps blood through vessels

    Connective Tissue Component

    Endomysium: surrounding cells


    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    NERVOUS TISSUE
    Neurons are biggest cells in body
    Two basic types

    motor
    sensory

    Messages travel by membrane


    depolarization
    Schwann cells are insulation in
    peripheral nerves (none in CNS)
    [Thoughtgame:tripfromsensoryinput(e.g.,hot
    stove)tomotorresponse(e.g.,pullbackhand]
    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.
    Frolich,Ph.D.

    NEURONAL JUNCTIONS
    Neuron-neuron or neuronmuscle

    NEUROMUSCULAR
    JUNCTION
    Where neuron
    transmits signal to
    muscle to generate
    action potential

    SYNAPSE: cell junction where neurons


    communicate
    HumanAnatomy,LarryM.

    Frolich,Ph.D.

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