Hp m cho guitar

Mt vi chia s

Thphuong 08/2012

Hp m cho guitar
Mt vi chia s
iu" c bn s dng (ca nhc nh)
Ho m c bn
Ha m nng cao

Mt cht v bin m / ly iu
B trm

iu c bn s dng
Cn ni l "nm", tc l chng ta phi cm c ci hn
ca iu v khng phi lun lun chi chnh xc theo
tit iu c bn, m c th thi thong bt i hoc c th
bin tu trn tinh thn ca iu.
Slow surf 2/4 (chi qua li vi slow rock 6/8)
Boston 3/4 (chi qua li vi boston rock 9/8), Valse 3/4
Chachacha/rumba/bolero/samba (beguine rock..),, Swing
Baiao (nhc c tnh dn ca)

Hp m c bn
Ni v c bn, chng ta nn nm cc chc nng c bn T - S - D v cc bc c
chc nng th no trong m giai.
Cc bc cho m giai C do trng (b kha khng du ha):
C (bc 1 T), F (bc 4 m giai t nhin S), Fm (bc 4 m giai ha m S), G
(bc 5 D)
Dm (bc 2), Em (bc 3), Am (bc 6), Bm-5 (bc 7, t dng), nu gi tn cc hp
m 3 nt
Phn loi: Dm thuc nhm S, Em v Bm-5 thuc nhm D v Am, nhm T (m
giai th cng b kha vi Do trng - C).

Mt vi v d tham kho:
C F (nhm S) G (nhm D) C C Fm (S) Em (D) Am (T)
C Dm - Em Am G C C Bm-5 G Am Em - C

Quan trng l nm v cm chc nng ca hp m xy dng trn cc bc

ca m giai

Hp m c bn
Cc bc cho m giai Am la th (b kha khng du ha):
Am (bc 1 T), Dm (bc 4 S), E (bc 5 m giai ha m D), Em (bc 5
m giai t nhin D)
Bm-5 (bc 2, t dng), C (bc 3), F (bc 6), G (bc 7 t nhin), (G#-5, m
giai ha m), nu gi tn cc hp m 3 nt
Phn loi: Bm-5 v F thuc nhm S, G (G#m-5) thuc nhm D v C,
nhm T (m giai trng cng b kha vi Do trng - C).
* Bm-5 hay B-5

Mt vi v d tham kho:
Am Dm (nhm S) Em (nhm D) Am Am F(S) E (D) C(T)
Am F - G C Em Am Am Bm-5 E C G - Am
Quan trng l nm v cm chc nng ca hp m xy dng trn
cc bc ca m giai

Hp m nng cao
Ni v hp m nng cao, c l thng ta nh ni v
Hp m 4 nt (c khi tr hp m by t, xem l hp m c bn)
Hp m c bc 6
Hp m 5 nt v tr ln

Hp m bin m
Hp m ly iu, bin iu

Hp m bn nt
Hp m 4 nt n gin l chng nt thm nt qung 3 ln hp m 3 nt c
bn, ph bin u tin l G7 nhm D thuc C do trng v E7 thuc Am
la th, thng gi l hp m 7 t, v c th xem thuc nhm c bn
i vi C th s l Dm7, Em7, FM7, (G7), Am7, Bm7-5, vn l m giai t
nhin cha c du ha.
Chc nng cc hp m vn khng thay i so vi cc hp m c bn. Mt
vi v d tham kho:
C Dm G C C Dm7 G7 C
C F G C C FM7 G7 C
C Dm - Em Am G C C Dm7 E7 (Em7) Am7 G7 - C

Hp m bn nt
i vi Am th s l Bm7-5, CM7, Dm7, Em7, E7, FM7, G7, G# dim
Chc nng cc hp m vn khng thay i so vi cc hp m c bn. Mt
vi v d tham kho:
Am F E7 Am Am FM7 E7 Am
Am Dm E7 Am Am Dm7 E7 Am
Am F - G C E7 Am Am FM7 G7 CM7 E7 - C

(1) vic chuyn cc hp m qua li c nhiu c hi hn c nt chung gia hai

hp m; (2) mu sc thun th hay trng nghe s bt thun cht hn; (3)
do vy, chuyn cc hp m c th to cm gic gn vi nhau hn, lng
ng hn do vy c th cn nhc s dng khi cn mu sc lng mn hn

Hp m ha m, giai iu
trn chng ta c ni n hp m ca m giai th v trng ha m, v d E
i vi Am. E a n nt Sol# trong m giai La th vn l Sol bnh, Fm i
vi C. Fm a n nt La b trong m giai Do trng vn l La bnh.
Hp m ca m giai giai iu, ngoi hp m ca m giai ha m trn
i vi m giai C, Em-5, Bb v Gm -> c nt si b (bc 7 ging)
i vi m giai Am, D, Bm v F#m-5 -> c nt fa # (bc 6 thng)
Vi v d tham kho
C F G C C Fm Bb C
Am Dm E Am Am D Em Am
Vic s dng hp m cc m giai ha m v giai iu to mt mu sc c
bit, lm mu sc m giai trng v th gn li vi nhau do vy c th cn
nhc s dng khi cn mu sc l hn cho m giai (ti trong m giai
trng v ngc li)

Hp m ha m, giai
iu 4 nt
Kt hp chng ta s c thm mt s hp m 4 nt ca m giai th v trng
ha m,
Hp m ca m giai ha m
i vi m giai C, Fm(M7), Dm7-5, Ab+5M7 -> c nt la b (bc 6 ging)
i vi m giai Am, E7, C+5M7 v G#dim -> c nt fa # (bc 7 thng)

Hp m ca m giai giai iu, ngoi hp m ca m giai ha m trn

i vi m giai C, Em7-5, BbM7 v Gm7 -> c nt si b (bc 7 ging)
i vi m giai Am, D7, Bm7 v F#m7-5 -> c nt fa # (bc 6 thng)

Ha m bin m
Bin m s dng cc nt cn li gia cc bc trong m
giai. V d, C#, D#, F#, G#, A# trong m giai do trng C hay
la th Am. Bin m thng nhm vo hai mc ch:
1- lm "cng thng" cc chc nng. Th d: F - F#m-5
- G (hp m gia xut pht t F nhng nt fa tng 1/2 cung
ri s "gii quyt" v G. G7+5: sol, si, re# (bc 5 ca sol), fa
i vi m giai C / Am, cc bin m gii quyt nh sau C C# - D, D - D# - E, F - F# - G, G - G# - A, A - A# - B
V d: C C# - D: F -> F+ -> Dm; D - D# - E: G -> G+5 > C ; A - Ab - G: F -> Fm -> C. Kt hp c th l D -> G9(5+) -> C

Ha m ly iu
2 - ly iu, tc l tm chuyn sang mt ging khc ri
tr li ging ban u. Ly iu thc hin bng vai tr dn ca
cc chng nng S hay D ca m giai s c ly iu n tr
thnh tr v.
i vi m giai Do trng: ly iu c th nh C -> Dm (m
giai), C -> Em, C -> F, C -> Fm, C-> G, C -> Am
i vi m giai La th: ly iu c th nh Am -> C, Am ->
Dm, Am -> Em, Am -> E, Am -> F, Am -> Fm, Am -> G
Vic chuyn tm qua ging khc thng s dng t v / hoc
h t ca ging mi (vi cn nhc nt ca giai iu). V d: C
> A7 -> Dm, C -> Gm -> A7 -> Dm, C -> Gm -> Dm.

Ha m 5 nt v hn na
Hp m 7 (4 nt) thm 1 nt qung 3 trn, s chnh l hp m 9 (5 nt). i
vi guitar, c th b i m 5 nu khng l bin m. Nh vy, c th chi m 1,
3, 7, 9 (m 3 nh hnh hp m th hay trng).
Thng ch s dng bc 1, 4, 5 cho cc chc nng T S D.
i vi m giai C, C9M7, F9M7, F9, G9
i vi m giai Am, Am9, Dm9, E9-

C th vn dng m giai ha m v giai iu c cc dng khc.

i vi C, Fm9, G9i vi Am, D9, Em9

Hp m 11 hay sus 4
Hp m 10-

Hp m 11 thng ch dng bc 5 (v d G11 c thm bc 11 l Do) thc cht

ch cn chi cc m 1, 5, 7, 11. Tnh cht hp m ny l xa i tnh trng
th vi bc 11, cng chnh l bc 4 nn nhc nh thng ghi Gsus4, k hn th
G7sus4, s dng trc G7 trong chc nng D - chng ta s thy nt do ca
bc 11 hay 4 c th gi t chc nng S trc v i v si ca G7. y l
cch pht trin chc nng D,
Cng do tnh cht khng trng, th nn hp m ph hp c bit cho nhc
dn tc Vit nam mt ng dung khc. Khi c th ch s dng bc 1, 4, 5
v c 3 u l sus 4, mu sc trng/th gim i ng k..
Hp m 10- li l hp m va trng va th. m 3 trng kt hp cng
m 10- th trn. Thng ch s dng bc 5 (t) v thng cho ging th hn
l trng.

Ha m 13 hay 6
Hp m 13 (v d G13 c thm nt mi) thc cht thng ch cn chi bc 1, 3,
5, 13 hay thm ch 1, 3, 13. Hp m ny gim hay mm i tnh cht th /
trng t bc 3 nh vo m 13, hay bc 6 nn nhc nh thng ghi G6 (hay
Gm6 nu bc 3 th).

C6 c nt la, chnh l Am7, ch khc nhau b trm - th hin s gn nhau"

ca hp m th / trng nh vo m 6 ca C6. Hn na, C - Am chnh l cng
nhm T ca nhau.
Hp m 6 c th nm c ba chc nng T - S - D, min l cn nm vic "gii
quyt" m 6. S - D - T ca Do trng c th l Dm7 - G6 - C, th G6 vi nt
mi s nghe "bnh yn" hn nh qung 6 sol - mi, s chuyn t fa trong Dm7
(hoc gi nguyn nu dng Dm9) v do hoc gi nguyn mi trong C. mi - do
to bc i giai iu (qung 3) nn to cm gic m i hay bnh yn

B trm cho ha m
B trm i tt s tng gi tri cho cc hp m, v tt nhin l b m v cui cng, hy
vng l ngi ht v ngi nghe cm c bn.
giai iu ha b trm nh vo dng cc th o ca cc hp m. C th pht trin
sau khi vit xong hp m hon chnh.

C bn, hp m 3 c hai th o. V d: C/E (Do trng vi b trm Mi), C/G (vi b

trm Sol). Am/C (La th vi b trm Do), Am/E (vi b trm Mi). Hp m 7 c ba th
o. V d: G7/B (vi b trm Si), G7/D (vi b trm D), G/F (vi b trm F).
Mt s v d: G7 C -> G7/B C, hay G7 / F - C/ E, hay G7/D C, hay G7/D C/E
i vi m giai C. i vi m giai Am, D E Am -> D/F# - E/G# - Am.
Mt cch khc l dng b (Pedal) cho chc nng T hoc S hoc D, thng l 1, 4,
5. Cc hp m vn chuyn bnh thng trn b .

Tng hp

m giai t
nhin/ha
m/giai iu

Nhm t (D)
i vi C
i vi Am

G, B(m)-(5)
Bb, Em
Em, E, G#-,
G

Nhm h t (S)
i vi C
F, Fm, Dm,
D
i vi Am
Dm, D, F, B-

Nhm ch (T)
i vi C

i vi Am

Am

Hp m 7, 9, 11
(sus4), 13 (6)

Ha m bin
m

G7, Gsus4,
G7sus4, G9, G6
Bm7-5, BbM7
Em7, E7, E9-,
G#dim, E sus4,
E7sus4

G+, G7+5, G-5,

G7-5, Bdim,
G/B, G/D, G/F
G10B-/D, B-/F
E+, E7+, E10- E/G#. Em/G.
E/B, Em/B,
G#-/D, G#-/B

FM7, Fm(M7),
Dm7, D7, F6
Dm7, Bm7-5,
D7, D9, FM7

F7, F#m-5,
F#m7-5
D#dim
Tng t

CM7, C9(M7)
C6, C9+6
Am7, Am9,
Am6, Am9+6

B trm cc
th o hp
m

F/A, F/C,
Dm/F, F#m-/A
Tng t

C/E, C/G
Am/C, Am/E

To hp m
m giai
t
nhin

Hp m7
( 4 nt)

m giai
ha m

m giai giai iu

Hp
m 13
(7 nt)
6

Ly
iu
Bin
m

Hp m
9 (5 nt)
B trm
(hp m o)

Hp m 11
(6 nt)
Sus 4

Mt v d
Ta bt u vi T S D, (tm thay
th vi C, F, G):
----- T----------------------------- D
Chiu nay mnh lang thang trn
ph di
----------S -----------D -----------------T
Khng c em ai chung bc di
nhau gin hn
----------S---------- D----------------T
Khng c em ng xa ging
mc my tri
-------T -----------------D
Chiu no hai a chung i
------(S)------------- D
Lng nhn ma thu l ri.

.Vi hp m ba nt, t nhin:

------C ----------------------------Em
Chiu nay mnh lang thang trn
ph di
---------Dm ---------G ------------------C
Khng c em ai chung bc di
nhau gin hn
----------F ---------G------------------ Am
Khng c em ng xa ging
mc my tri
-------C -----------------Dm
Chiu no hai a chung i
------(Dm) ----------G
Lng nhn ma thu l ri.

Mt v d
th thm vo vi hp m bn nt, vn l t nhin khng bin
m/ly iu (vic thm m 7 ca hp m bn nt vo lm xut hin
nhiu hn nt chung hoc nt chuyn tip gia cc hp m ng st
nhau - to u cm gic "lng lng"...:

-------C -----------------------------Em7 (xut hin nt r <- mi v s

Chiu nay mnh lang thang trn ph di
-> do)--- Dm7 --------G7------------- C------- CM7 (xut hin nt si ->
Khng c em ai chung bc di nhau gin hn
-> la) ----F --------G7 ----------------Am -------(Am7) (xut hin nt sol
Khng c em ng xa ging mc my tri
chung vi-- C ------------Dm
Chiu no hai a chung i
------Dm7----------- G7 (Dm7 xut hin nt do <- r v s -> si)
Lng nhn ma thu l ri

Mt v d
Gi ta th xut vi bin m v ly iu:
-------C ----------------------------Em7 ---- D# dim (mi -> r # -> r)
Chiu nay mnh lang thang trn ph di
----------Dm7 --------G7+5 -------------CM7 (r -> r # -> mi)
Khng c em ai chung bc di nhau gin hn
-C7 (si ging -> la) F -------G7-9 ---------------Am7 (la -> sol # ->
sol)
--------Khng c em ng xa ging mc my tri
(Gm) A7 -----------------Dm (tm chuyn qua Dm)
Chiu no hai a chung i
D7 -------------------G G7 G7+5 (tm chuyn qua G, ri r # chun
b v mi ca C)
Lng nhn ma thu l ri.