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net

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www.theactkk.net

25

.
( )

a =

v=

S
t

v =

v
t

1
u v t
2
1
v2 = u2 + 2as
S = ut + at2
2
1: u + , u + u
v = u + at

S=

2: a g ( g , g +)

S &t : v =
v &t : a =
v &t : S = , S =
a &t : v =

1 F = 0 ()
1

2 F = ma
2

3 (, )

Gm1m2
GMm
, mg =
2
r2
r
Gm
g = 2 (m r )
r

F =

fs,max = sN

S
t

www.theactkk.net

fk = kN s k

: ( Fx = 0)
: ( Fy = mg )

v=

vx 2 v y 2 ,

( ax = 0)
( a y = g )

( S x = vx t )
( 4 )
= tan 1

vy
vx

26

1
y
= tan
4
x

1. 45
2. 2 1 + 2 = 90

1
T

2
= 2f =
,
=
t
T

FC

v = r

= maC ()

FT = maT ()
F=

FC 2 FT 2

a=

aC 2 aT 2

v2
= 2r
r
v2
FC = m
= m2r
r

aC =

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f =

(() )
Fy = 0 ()
Fx = 0 ()

(() )
M = 0 ()

()
M = 0
Fy = 0
Fx = 0,

(C.M.) (C.G.)
xC.M. =

m1 x1 m2 x2 m3 x3 ...
mi xi
=
m1 m2 m3 ...
mi

W = F S

P =

W
= F v
t
E = Ek + Ep

Ek =

1 2
mv
2

Ep = mgh

Eps =

1 2
kx
2

27

()
Ek 2 = Ek 1 + W12

F = kx

E1 = E2

v2 = u2 2gs

P = mv
I = P = F t = m v u
1. F &t : I =
2. , v u
( 2 , )
1:
P = P :
m1u1 +
2:

Ek = Ek :

m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2

1
1
1
1
m1u12 + m2u22 =
m1v12 + m2v22
2
2
2
2

( 2 , )
1:
P = P :
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
(, )
Ek Ek

1:
P = P :
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2

() (F = kx)
, ()

S = A sin t

v = A sin t = A cos t
2

a = A sin t = 2 A sin t = 2 S ( a S)

( = A);
( = 0);

E =

(, x = 0 t = 0)

(vmin = 0)
(vmax = A)

(amax = 2A)
(amin = 0)

1 2
kA , k (k = m2)
2

m
k
L
T = 2
g

T = 2

www.theactkk.net

41

( )

1.

2.

www.theactkk.net

e/m


() ()
3.

(+)
(-)
4.

(+) (0) (-)

5.

(g)

(C)

1.671024 1.6 1019

+1

1.671024

9.11028

1.6 1019

-1

A
Z (atomic number) = p+ p+ = eZX
A (mass number) = p+ + n0
A - Z = n0

42

14
p+ = 7 e- = 7 n0 = 7
7N

35
17 Cl

p+ = 17 e- = 18 n0 = 18

(Isotope)

: 11 H,

(Isotone)

: 136 C,

(Isobar)

14
6 C,

2
3
1 H, 1 H
14
7N

14
7N

(Isoelectronic) :

11 Na

8O

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(ground state)

c
E = h = h

E = (J)
h = (6.625 x 10-34 J.s)
c = (3 x 108 m/s)
= (m)

1. 2n2
2. (valence electron) 8
3. 8 18

** 2 Cr, Cu 1

Na 1 3
11Na = 2, 8, 1
Ca 2 4
20Ca = 2, 8, 8, 2
Cr 4
24Cr = 2, 8, 13, 1

(shell) (sub shell : s, p, d, f, )

(obital)

s orbital
p orbital px , py, pz 6

43

2 2 6 1
Na 1 3 s - orbital
11Na = 1s 2s 2p 3s
2 2 6 2 6 2
Ca 2 4 s - orbital
20Ca = 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
2 2 6 2 6 2 3
V 4 2
23V = 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d

IE1, EN, EA, ,

, ,

2.1
:
:

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1. (Pauli Exclusion Principle)

2. (Hunds Rule)

3. (Aufbau principle)

s obital 2
p obital 6
d obital 10
f obital 10

44

www.theactkk.net

2.2

:
:

:
:
2.3 (Ionization energy : IE)
IE
Na(g) + IE1 Na+(g) + eNa(g) + IE2 Na2+(g) + e
:
:
2.4 (Electronegativity : EN)

:
:
2.5 (Electron affinity : EA)
EA
()

:
:
2.6 ( IA, IIA IIIA)
:
:

1.
IA = +1
IIA = +2
IIIA = +3
VA = -3
VIA = -2
VIIA = -3
CN = -1
NO3 = -1
SO4 = -2
CO3 = -1
PO4 = -3
H = +1
2.
3.

NCl3 CCl4

BeO MgO Al2O3 SiO2

47

3. NO3
Pb ( NO)3 , Ba ( NO)3

4. ClO3
NaClO3 , Mg (ClO3 )2

5. ClO 4
KClO4 LiClO4 , Fe (ClO4 )2
6. CH 3COO

CH 3 COOAg
CH 3 COONa , (CH 3COO)2 Ca

2. II
CO32 , PO 4 3 , SO 4 2 MgSO 4
Mg 3 ( PO 4 )2 , CaCO 3
3. S2 , OH , O 2
I, II Ca 2 , Sr 2 , Ba 2
Al2S3 , ZnS, Cu ( OH)2

( H sol ) 2

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1. I
1. VII
KNO3, NA2CO3, LiClO3
CO32 , PO 4 3 , SO 4 2 Ag , Hg , Pb 2

2. NH 4
AgCl, PbI2 , Ag 2SO 4
( NH4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 Cl

1. (LE) ()
NaCl(s) Na ( g ) Cl ( g )
2.(HE) ()
Na ( g ) Cl ( g ) Na (aq ) Cl (aq )

1. HE LE
2. LE HE
3. LE HE
2.3. (Covalent Bond)
( Be B )
1 (), 2 (), 3 ()

67

(C)
< 30

30 - 110
65 - 170
170 - 250

250 - 340
> 350
> 500

> 500
> 500

1-4

5-7

6 - 12

10 - 14

14 - 19

19 - 35

> 35

> 35

> 35

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4
1. (Cracking process)

500OC
Catalyst / 500C

C10H 22 C8 H16 C2 H 6
2. (Reforming process)


Catalyst/ Heat

CH3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH3

Catalyst/ Heat

3. (Alkylation process)

4. (Oligomerization process)

1. 1.

2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.

7.
6.
7.

www.theactkk.net

75

5.
1.

2.
3.

6.

1. : Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e2.

: Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(s)
3. CuSO4 H2SO4 Cu2+

Fe Zn Cu Fe2+ Zn2+
Ag Au Pt Cu