fmardfoh" lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f m%ldYkhls'

lDIslu_" ixjrOk wud;HdxYh

2005 cQ,s - Tlaf;danr

fju 7 wxl 4-5

Islru fomd;_fka;=f 50 jirl wLKav mrfhaIK
lD
yd ixjrOk jevms<sfjf,ys m%;sM,hla f,i m%fNao Yd,
ixLHdjla f jk g yslr f.d ck;dj w;g m;a lr
we;' tys m%;sM,hla f,i YS% ,xldj iy,ska iajhx fmdaIs;
f ugu lrd ,dug yelshdj ,e we;'
YS% ,xldf j.d lrk O mdil" mdxY= yd
foaY.=K ;;ajhkg fukau f.dck;djf.a leue;a;g i,k
f,i O .=Kdx.hkaf.ka hqla; jQ m%fNao Yd, ixLHdjla
lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j iska miq.sh jir 50 ;=< ksrfoaY
lr we;' ld,dkqrEmj ka iuyr ksrfoaYs; m%fNaohka ksrfoaYs;
,ehsia;=fjka bj;a lr we;s w;r ta i|yd jvd;a hqKq lrk
,o Wiia ;Fjfha m%fNao ykajd we;'
fuu l,dmfha uQ,sl wruqK kg ksrfoaYs;j mj;akd
m%fNao ms<sn|j kqj;a lsuhs'

ksrfoaYs; m%fNao
^w& udi 3 jhia ldKavh
m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh

wiajkq
Njh
fyla'fgd'

fYaI .=Kdx.

jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

iq

7'0

fld< mdjg iy nelahd fld< wx.udrhg (BLB) m%;sfrdah' Uqre

me< lSvE ydkshg ;rula m%;sfrda jk w;r wvq fmdfydr m%udKhla
Nd;d l< o idudkH ;Fjfha wiajekakla ,nd foa'

F/R

v 272-6-

r;=

4'0

f.dhu weo jeug Tfrd;a;= foa' hlv Iug" iy fld< mdjg

uOHia:j Tfrd;a;= ula we;' j.=re iy wrO j.=re l=Uqre j,g iqiqh'

F/R

v 302

iq

5'0

fld< mdjg Tfrd;a;= foa' mfia ,jk;djh yd wd,sl ;Fj j,g ;rula
Tfrd;a;= foa'

ta

303

r;=

5'0

fld< mdjg m%;sfrdah'

F/R

304

iq

7'4

f.dla ueiaid" Uqre me< lSvEjd yd fld<mdg m;% lSvEjdf.a ydkshg o

nelahd fld< wx.udrhg o m%;sfrdah' j.df uQ,sl wjfha f.j;a
jrOk ,dYhla fmkakq lrhs'

F/R

305

iq

8'0

f.dla ueiaid" ffcj orY I iy II, Uqre me, lSvEjd" nelahd m;%
wx.udrh" fld< mdj i|yd m%;sfrda f'

F/R

ta

306

iq

5'5

ndiau;s wdldrfha .=Kd;aufhka hqla;h' Ydl weo jeug Tfrd;a;= foa'

foa' Uqre me< lSvE ydkshg m%;f
s rda f'

F/R

300

eccccd;sl fi!Nd.H Wfoid lDIsldrl wxYfhka YsIaG hqKqjla w;alr .ksuq

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j

fju 7" wxl 4-5

^wd& udi 3 1$2 jhia ldKavh

m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh
fyla'fgd'

wiajkq
Njh

fYaI .=Kdx.

jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

iq

8'5

. iy,a iys; m%fNaohls' fmdfydr j,g Wiia m%;spdrhla olajhs'

F/R

v 267-3

iq

3'5-4

uOHia: Wilska hqla;h' my;rg f;;a l,dmfha je,s iys; yd j.=re

j,g jvd iqiqh' hlv If ;Fjhg b;d fydka Tfrd;a;= fok w;r
fld< mdjg ;rula Tfrd;a;= foa'

350

r;=

8'5

wl fmdfydr m%;spdrhla olajk . iy,ska hq;= m%fNaohls' f.dla

ueiaidf.a ffcj orYh 1 g m%;sfrdah'

v 351

r;=

7'5

fld< mdjg m%;sfrdah' fldmq wx.udrhg iy hlv Iug uOHia:j

Tfrd;a;= foa' je lel= iy,a m%udKhla ,nd.; yel'

F/R

352

iq=

6'0

fld< mdjg iy Uqre me, lSvEjdg m%;sfrdah'

F/R

ta

353

r;=

6'5

fld<mdjg yd nelahd fld< wx.udrhg uOHia:j Tfrd;a;= f

yelshdjla we;' tfiau fuh ,jK;djhg yd ks,aj,d jHdmdrfha mdxY=
wd,slFjhg Tfrd;a;= fok m%fNaohls'

F/R

ta

354

iq

5'0

,jk ;Fjhkg Tfrd;a;= foa' f.dhu weo jeula is fkdf'

F/R

t,a 356

r;=

4'5

c l=vd rjq f' cj, Uqre mq,a,s we;sf frda.hg m%;sfrdah' fldmq
wx.udrhg uOHia: f,i m%;sfrda f' hlv Iug o uOHia: f,i
Tfrd;a;= fok w;r f.dh ueiaid ydkshg m%;sfrda;djh iys;h'

F/R

357

iq

9'5

Uqre me, lSvEjd" f.dla ueiaid ffcj orY I yd II i|yd m%;sfrda f'
F/R
me, uelald ydkshg uOHia: m%;sfrda f' fld< mdj i|yd m%;sfrda$uOHia:
m%;sfrda f' hlv Iug yd wvq WIaKFj ;Fj j,g uOHia: m%;sfrda f'

'

358

iq

9'5

ind m%fNaohls' Uqre me< lSvEjd" f.dla ueiaid ffcj orY 1 yd 2 g

m%;sfrda f' me< uelaldf.a ydkshg uOHia: m%;sfrda f' fld<md
frda.hg m%;sfrda$uOHia: m%;sfrda f' hlv Iug yd wvq WIaKFjhg
uOHia:j m%;sfrda f'

F/R

'

359

iq

7'0

f.dla ueiaid ffcj orY 1 yd 2 yd fld< mdjg m%;sfrda f' hlv

Iug uOHia:j Tfrd;a;=f yelshdj we;'

F/R

360

iq

6'5

f.dla ueiaid ffcj orY 1 yd 2 g m%;sfrda f' fyd| .=Kd;aufhka hq;=

iy,a iys;h' lSr ind f,i o ykajhs'

F/R

v 361

r;=

5'0

f.dl ueiaid" Uqre me, lSvEjd yd fld< mdjg yd hlv Iug

uOHia:j m%;sfrda f' je Njhla iys; my;rg f;;a l,dmh m%foaY
i|yd ksrfoaY lr we;'

F/R

ta

362

r;=

7'0

Uqre me< lSvEjd yd fld< mdjg uOHia: m%;sfrdaO jk w;r nelahd

fld< wx.udrhg uOHia: m%;sfrda$uOHia: md;S% f' jhsk mqrdu j.d
lsu i|yd ksrfoaY lr we;'

F/R

v 363

iq

10

hlv Iug Tfrd;a;= foa' f.dla ueiaid" Uqre me< lSvEjd iy fld<
mdjg uOHia: m%;sfrda f' nelahd fld< wx.udrhg uOHia: m%;sfrda$
uOHia: md;S% f' weo jeug Tfrd;a;= foa'

F/R

94-1

fju 7" wxl 4-5

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j'

^we& udi 4 jhia ldKavh

m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh

wiajkq
Njh
fyla'fgd'

fYaI .=Kdx.

jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

n 400

r;=

4'0

,jk;djhg uOHia: f,i Tfrd;a;= foa' f;;a l,dmhg jvd iqiq f'
fmd;a; wdfl Uqre jrKhlska hqla;h' fld< md frda.hg m%;sfrda f'

ta'' 401

r;=

5'0

,jk;djhg Tfrd;a;= foa' fmdlald,s k jQ m%fNaoh fjkqjg wdfoaY l<

yel' weo jeug md;% fkdf'

ta

402

r;=

7'5

fmdfydr j,g Wiia m%;spdrhla olajhs' Uqre me< lSvEjkag iy fld<

mdjg uOHia: f,i Tfrd;a;= foa' t' 4 m%fNaohg b;d fyd| wdfoaYlhls
uOHia: Wilska hqla;h' flf ,efnk fkdlevqkq OdkH m%;sY;h
65] lg jeh' fuh ynkaf;dg yd ud;r m%foaY j,g jvd;a iqiqh'

F/R

403
^uyfika&

iq

8'0

fld< mdjg iy nelahd fld< wx.udrhg m%;sfrdah' Uqre me< lSSvE

ydkshg uOHia: f,i m%;sfrdah'

F/R

ta 405
^,xld iuDoa&

iq

5'6

Uqre me< lSvEydkshg uOHia:j m%;sfrdah' Ndiau;S wdldrfha .=Kd;aufhka

hq;a iy,a iys;h'

^wE& udi 4 1$2 jhia ldKavh

m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh

wiajkq
Njh
fyla'fgd'

fYaI .=Kdx.

jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

379-2

iq

7-7'5

Uqre me< lSvEjkag m%;sfrdah' fmdfydr j,g we;s m%;spdrh Wiiah' wiajkq
md.d .ekSu u|la Ialrh' OdkH j, nr jeh' nelahd fld<
wx.udrhg m%;sfrdah'

F/R

450

iq

6'0

ind m%fNaohls' frE jydu weg lr,ska jeu isjk neka wiajkq
fk,Su yels blauka l< hq;=h' 11-11 m%fNaohg fyd| wdfoaYlhls'
f.dla ueiaidf.a ffcj orY 1 g m%;sfrdah'

F/R

v 451

iq

6'0

c, .e,S ;Fjhkag Tfrd;a;= foa' f.dla ueiaidf.a ffcj orY 1 g

m%;sfrdah' ,jk;djhg uo jYfhka Tfrd;a;= foa'

v 452

r;=

5'0

mer je hqKq l< m%fNaohls' kuq;a khsg%cka fmdfydr j,g Wiia

m%;spdrhla olajhs' we|jeug Tfrd;a;= foa' my;rg f;;a l,dmfha ks;ru
c,fhka hgjk yd hlv If ;Fjh iys; l=Uqre i|yd;a" j.=reuh
l=Uqre i|yd;a iqiqh'

v 453

iq

7'0

hlv I ug Tfrd;a;= foa' f.dla ueiaidf.a ffcj orY 1 g m%;sfrdah'

wl f,i mre ouhs' fld< mdjg uOHia: f,i m%;sfrdah's

^b& udi 5-6 jhia ldKavh

m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh

wiajkq
Njh
fyla'fgd'

fYaI .=Kdx.

* jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

3-5

iq

5'5

mre u jeh' fld< mdjg Tfrd;a;= foa' m%Nd wj ixf f'

B/F

407

iq

7'5

OdkH fydka fudard we;s g mjd m;% ie,lsh hq;= f,i fld< meyefhka
hqla; f' nelahd fld< wx.udrhg m%;sfrdah' m%Nd wj ixf f'

B/F

745

iq=

6'0

uq;= ind iy fmd ta 8 m%fNao j,g fyd| wdfoaYlhla f,i ie,lsh

yel' fld< mdjg m%;sfrdah' weo jeug md;% fkdf' iy,a uq;= ind
m%fNaohg iudkh' m%Nd wj ixf f'

B/F

38

iq

ind m%fNaohls' wl f,i fmdfydr j,g m%;spdr olajhs' fld< mdjg

m%;sfrdah' m%Nd wj ixf f'

B/F

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j

fju 7" wxl 4-5

^B& udi 2 1$2 jhia ldKavh

m%fNaoh

iy,aj,
meyeh

250

iq

wiajkq
Njh
fyla'fgd'
5

fYaI .=Kdx.

jr;udk a;a;r
ksIamdok jevigykg
we;=,;a m%fNao

Uqre me< lSvE ydksh yd fld< mdjg m%;sfrda f' nelahd fld<
wx.udrhg uOHia: m%;sfrda f' me<E .ykh" fmdfydr iy c,h
iemhSu wkqj j.df jhi k lSmhlska jeh yelsh' c, yshka ksid
lkakh m%udo jkg j.d lsug fhda.Hh'

2006 h,
wdrN f'

;Srej hgf;a i|yka jkqfha lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;= c yd frdamK jH uOHia:dkfha 2005$2006 uQ,sl c ksIamdok
jevigykg we;=,;a we;s m%fNaohka f'
B -

wNsckk c (Breeders' seed)

F - w;a;sjdr c (Foundation seed)

R - ,shdmx l< c (Registered seed)

udi 5-6 ldKav m%fNao j, w;a;sjdr c n;,f.dv mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wdh;kh uska muKla ksIamdokh flfr'
uQ,dY%h( mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wdh;kh" n;,f.dv'

c yd frdamK jH ixjrOk uOHia:dkh" fmardfoh'

iy,a j, fmdaIK .=K

r;= iy,a iq iy,g jvd fmdaIK .=Kfhka je nj fndfyda fokd w;r mj;sk u;hhs' iy,a j,g r;= meyeh ,e
we;af;a iy,a ksjqf we;s wekaf;dihkska jrKlh fya;=fjks' wekaf;dihkska hkq jrKlhla i fmdaIkSh w.hhla fkdue;s
ix.glhls' r;= iy,aj, r;= meyefhka we;s ksjqv fukau iq iy,a j,o iq meyefhka ksjqv wvx.= f' f ksid ksjqf
we;s fmdaIlhka r;= iy,a fyda iq iy,a f,i fjkila fkdue;sh ^j.=j 1 yd 2&' flfia kuq;a iy,a ieliSf iyf,a fmkqu
jelr .ekSu i|yd ksjqv bj;a lrk neka fmdaIK ix>glhka Yd, f,i bj;a hhs ^j.=j 2&' iy,a ;ef fuu
ia:rfha we;s iuyrla fmdaIl iy,a wegh ;=<g wjfYdaIKh jk neka iy,a ;eu u.ska fmdaIl je m%udKhla wdrCId
lr .; yelsh ^j.=j 3&'
j.=j 01( OdkHfha O fldgiaj, fmdaIK w.hhka (g/kg)
ix>glh

fkdmdysk ,o
mdysk ,o
iy,a Brown Rice iy,a Milled Rice

msIaGh ^.%E'&
fm%daka ^.%E'&
o, foh ^.%E'&
o, ;ka;= ^.%E'&
o, w ^.%E'&
wdydruh fl ^.%E'&
ksoyia iSks ^.%E'&
gka ^uhsfl%d .%E&
gka A
;hka B1
rhsfndmaf,aka B2
kshiska B3
msfvdlaiska B6
gka E
Lc ,jK ^'.%E'&
le,aish
ue.akSish
fmdiamria
mhsf,a mS
fmdgEish
hlv
iskala
is,slka

902

ksj
q v
Bran

Polish

oyhshd
Hull

722

161

483 - 554

18

96
33
12
16
45
8 - 15

73 - 83
4 - 6
3 - 6
4 - 9
27
2'5 - 5'2

132 - 173
170 - 229
95 - 132
92 - 115
276 - 333
64 - 65

130 - 144
117 - 144
27 - 37
61 - 85
-

2332
4 - 7
401 - 534
153 - 244
773
7

0 - 0'13
3'4 - 4'4
0'5 - 1'6
41 - 58
0'6 - 1
91'3 ( 2'9

b;d iq f,i
0'2 - 1'3
0'2 - 0'7
15 - 28
0'12 - 0'14
b;d iq f,i

0 - 4'2
14 - 28
2'1 - 4'0
330 - 580
10 - 32
30'5 ( 150

0 - 1'0
20 - 65
2'5 - 5
33 - 96
15 - 18
88

1'0 - 2'4
2'0 - 2'8
60 - 330
10 - 22
63

20 - 60
60 - 180
200 - 420
180 - 300
130 - 330
0'18 - 0'6
0'22 - 0'33
20 - 30

10 - 30
20 - 60
90 - 180
30 - 80
80 - 150
0'06 - 0'33
0'11 - 0'27
10 - 50

40 - 80
600 - 1500
1400 - 2900
1900 ( 2500
1200 ( 2300
10 - 50
5 - 30
300 - 600

80
800
1200 - 2500
1400 - 2000
800 ( 1300
5 ( 18
10 ( 30
130 - 190

150
40
40
180 ( 210
4'5 - 11'0
1
7500 - 11000

83
21
7
12

fju 7" wxl 4-5

j.=j 2(

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j'

fkdmdysk ,o r;= iy iq iy,a w;r yd mdysk ,o

r;= iy iq iy,a w;r fmdaIK w.hhka ieiu
2003 jrIfha m%fNao m%p,s; ;snQ wdldrh

fmdaIK ix>glh

fkdmdysk ,o iy,a
r;=
iq
msIaGh ]
75'5
75'9
fm%dak ]
7'8
8'9
;ka;= ]
0'8
0'7
foh ]
3'0
3'3
gka
High
High
;hka (g/g)
3'7
3'6
rhsfndmaf,aka (ug/g) 0'52
0'53
w ]
0'81
0'79

mdysk ,o iy,a
r;=
iq
90'0
89'8
6'8
6'5
0'1
0'1
0'6
0'5
Low
Low
0'5
0'6
0'21
0'20
0'30
0'28

jhia
ldKavh
udi

2003 uy
j.d jmih
]

2003 h,
j.d jmih
]

21

22

Bg 300 ^19]&
At 303 ^0'85&]
Bg 305 ^0'82&]

3 1$2

65

70

Bg
Bg
Bg
At
Bg
Bg
Ld

4- 4 1$2

12

06

Bg 379-2 ^3]&
Bg 450 ^2]&
Bg 403

j.=j 03( ;enq iy,a yd lel= iy,a j,

fmdaIK w.hhka ieiu
fmdaIK ix.glh

lel= iy,a

gka ^uhsfl%d .%E&

;hka
rhsfndmaf,aka
kshiska
Lc (ppm)
hlv
iskala
fmdiamria
fm%%daka ^]&

;enq iy,a

0'05
0'19
16'40

2'50
0'38
32'17

9'15
18'66
2178

8'55
16'12
2095

6'8

8'5

m%fNao

3]52 ^18]&
358 ^15]&
94-1 ^10]&
353" Ld 356
359" Bg 357
350" Bg 351
355" Bg 360

uQ,dY%h( mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wdh;kh" n;,f.dv'

j.df n fyj;a udrela j,a me<Efhka wdr:l jdishla iy

md,khg myiq l%uhla
fndfyda l=Uqre iqmCIdldj ksCIKh lf,d;a lr,a
j,g fkdfofjks f,i we;e l=Uqre n ^uy udrela& lr,a
j,ska ms we;s nj lsh yel' f,dalh mqrd n Ydl fYaI
50 lg wdikak m%udKhla ykdf.k we;s w;r ,xldf l=Uqre
j, me;s we;s fuu n ^uy udrela& WoaNso oHd;aul
Ydl fYaI follg wh;a f'
Echinochloa crusgalli ^uyudrela$fj,a udrela& iy
Echinocoloa colonum ^f.dv udrela$ySka udrela&
rg mqrd jHdma; we;s f n Ydlh j.d fCIa;%fhka
bj;a fkdl<fyd;a isjk wys;lr n,mE rdYshls'

fuu j,a me<Eh f.dhf uq,a wjfha f.dhug fhdok

fmdfydr" c,h" wdf,dalh" bvlv jeks idOl i|yd
me<h yd ;r. lsu ksid Ydlfha jrOkhg
n,mE we;s f'

;r.ldFjhlska hq;=j irejg jefvk n lr,a tys

wkd.; mrmrdj ys lsu i|yd Yd, f,i c
ksmojkq ,ef' idrj;a lr,l c 150-200 lg
iSud jqjo" n lr,l c oyilg wlh' n mrl
lr,a 5-15 la w;r mj;S' tu c ish,a,u b lkak
j, f.dhu;a iu. kej; ;r. lsug fhd.kS'

fuu kdYld j,a me<Eh md,kh lsug i|yd

f.dhdg wu;r houla ug isf'

wo j.dj i|yd ksrfoaY lr we;s j,a kdYl

fndfyduhla uska b;du;au idr:l whqka j,ame< md,khla
l< yels jqjo lsis j,a kdYlhla uska 100] u j,a me<
md,kh l< fkdyelsh' f iu. wfkl=;a j.d l%u tk
c, md,kh" ukd ieliSu" fmdfydr fhu" ukd fhojq
;;a;aj" gq .i j,a me< w;ska fyda .,jd bj;a lsu jeks
taldnoaO l%u uska fuu md,k lghq;= isl< hq;=h' iCIK
jdr;d j,ska fmkakq lr we;s m j,a me< md,k l%u
wkq.ukh l< l=Uqrej, jqjo fndfyda g j,a me<E ksid
10] - 50] muK wiajkq ydkshla ish yel' f ksid r>
ld,Skj idr:l l%uhla f,i n lr,a f.dhfuka bj;a lsu
idr:l taldnoaO j,a me< md,khla i|yd w;HdjYH jk w;r"
tuska isjk wiajkq ydksh o wju lr .; yel'
j.djka ;=< fyda fjk;a kEu j.djl j,a me<
urOkh lsu b;d wmyiqh' l< yelafla j,a me< md,khls
(Weed control). tk me<fjk j,a me< j, n,mEu ksid
fnda.fha wiajekakg yd .=Kd;auhg n, fkdmdk whqka mj;ajd
.ekSuh' j,a me< md,khg b;d myiq ls%hdj,shls' taj m%fhdackj;a
whqka fhd .ekSu Weed utilization kka ykajhs' n
Ydlh .ek ie,l+ g fuh b;d myiqfjka is lsug yels
f'
f wkqj l=Uqrl j,ame< md,kfhka miqj jqjo b;sjk
n lr,a l=Uqfrka bj;a lsu wksjdrhfhkau l<hq;= r>
ld,Sk j,a me<E md,k l%uhls' fuf,i bj;a lrk ,o n

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j

fju 7" wxl 4-5

r> ld,Sk mir ys;ld md,k l%uhls' f uska j.df

isjk wiajkq ydksh b;d blauka wju lr.; yel' fuu
n c /ialr iy,a" l=rlalka jeks OdkH meySu is lrk
whqka ilialr myiqfjka fj<|fmd,g ,ndu l< yel' tuska
f.dhdg jdishla fukau wfma rka msg rgg l=re wdydr
wdkhkh i|yd jeh jk uqo,a o f.d uy;=ka w;gu m;alr
.ekSug yelsjkq we;'

lr,a fjk;a m%fhdackj;a fohlg fhd.; yels k th b;d

myiq m%dfhda.l
s l%uhla jkq we;'
wo wm rg ;=< fndfyda fofkla w,xldrhg iy iqr;,hg
"Love birds" keu;s mCISka we;s lrkq ,ef' fudjqkaf.a m%Odku
wdydrh jkqfha n ^udrela& chs' f n c lsf,da .%E
01 la wo fj<|fmdf,a remsh,a 80-100 olajd uqo,lg lsu
is lrhs' fuu h<s wdydr fndfyduhla msgrj,ska wdkhkh
lrkq ,ef' fuu wdkhksl c j, we;s fYaI;ajh jkqfha
fydka h,d mE.Su islr Tmj;a (Polish) lr ;suh' flfia
jqjo fuu l=re,a,kag wdkhkh lrk ,o c iy foaYShj
fk,d .;a n c j._ folu wdydrh i|yd ,ndf
wfma fkdmdysk ,o n c lEug l=re,a,ka je ms%h;djhla
olajk nj fmkS .sh lreKls' g fya;=j jkqfha f c
b;d w;au;a ;rul ls rifhka hq;= u;ah' tneka f
;r md,kh wmyiq ;;a;ajhlska wm rg ;=< jHdma; we;s
n c" hdh ixOdk uska fyda tl;= lr f i|yd fhd
.; yelsk th wfma f.d uy;=kag ,nd.; yels wu;r
wdh ud._hla jk w;r j.dj ms<sn|j ie,l+ go th

g wu;rj f wdkhksl c ksid wmg isjk ;j;a

m%Odk ydkshla we;' wfma j.df kg olakg we;af;a
n fYaI 02 la muKh' kuq;a fuu wdkhkh lrk ,o
c fjk;a fYaI lsysmhlska hq;= neka o tajd fndfyduhla
jH;djfhka hq;= fyhska o myiqfjka th wfma j.dj ;=<
jHdma; f wjOdkula we;' tfia jqjfyd;a oekg md,kh
lsug wmyiq ;;a;ajfhka mj;sk n ksid isjk wiajkq
ydksh ;jrg;a je h yel' f.dhu ;=< we;s n me<
md,kh i|yd cd;sl fukau r> ld,Sk mdil ys;ld
taldnoaO md,k ls%hduhla wkq.ukh lsfuka f.dhdg jdis
/ila w;alr .; yel'
w,xldr u,a ieris,s i|yd myiqfjka yd wvq houlska
imhd .; yels jHhla f,i o fkdmeiqkq n lr,a m%fhdackhg
.; yel'
fujeks l=uk fyda l%uhlska wfma l=Uqre j, kg iS>%fhka
jHdma; fjka mj;sk n ^udrela& jHdma;sh iy tu.ska isjk
wiajkq ydksh wju lr.; yelsk th mqoa.,sl fukau
cd;sl jYfhka b;d jeo.;a f'
uQ,dY%h(

wkqreoald wffialr" mrfhaIK ks,Od" j,ame< oHd wxYh"

mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wdh;kh" n;,f.dv" bnd.uqj'

lDIs - ;dCIK ''''''' yqka

rpkh yd
ixialrKh
chka;d b,kafl`ka

ld,Sk ;dCIl f;dr;=re ixCIsma;j ;dCIKfka" fYaIfhkau jHdma;s ks,OdrSka fj; ,ndf wruqK
Wfoid lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldj jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh iska jka jr ksl=;a lrkq ,ef' fuu m;%sldf
wvx.= f;dr;=re fndfyduhlau m%Njh we;af;a lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f O wdh;k iy uOHia:dk
j,sks' ;jo" fjk;a kEu uQ,dY%hlska Wmqgd .; yelsjQo" fCIa;%fha m%dfh`.slj fhdod.; yelsjQo" f;dr;=re
f k" tjeks oE o lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldfjys wka;r.; jkq we;'

- ixialdrl jer f;dr;=re i|yd uikak ( wOHCI" jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh" ;e'fm' 18" lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j" fmardfoh'
lDIslu ixjrOk wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.ska
m%ldYhg m;a flks'

rd'fia'ms'
uqs; jHh
Ndr fkdkfyd;a wdmiq fhduq lrkak(
wOHCI"
jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh"
;e'fm' 18"
lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j"
fmardfoh'
fuu m;%sldj" fmardfoh lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha m.Kl wxYfha msgq ilia lr .kafk`rej
lDIslu_ uqKd,fha uqKh lrk ,'

fmardfoh" lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f m%ldYkhls'

lDIslu_" ixjrOk wud;HdxYh
fju 7 wxl 6

2005 fkdjenr-foienr

.egh wi, oreKq l=Kqula islrhs'

frda. ,CIK yd frda. ldrlhd fjka lsu u.ska fuu

frda.h ,sr frda.hla nj;a jHdldrlhd Physoderma maydis
f,i;a ykd.ka k d ,' wdid; mgl fldgia j,s k a
ksoyia lrk iafmd/kahd fnda. wjfYaI j,g yd mig tl;=jk
w;r jd;h" lDka" c, x isfuka" .,dhk c,fhka fyda
ksiqka u.ska fjk;a m%foaaY lrd f.k hhs' fkdjenr - ckjd
ld,h ;=< mej;s fhda.H foaY.=l ;;a;aj yd fuu frda.hg
b;du md;%S fouqyq m%fNao jk cfnda iy meismsla m%fNao
Nd;h hk idOl fol fuu frda.h tu fCIa;%h ;=< jO_khu
i|yd bjy,a we;s nj fmfka' fuu ,Srldrlhd u.ska
we;s lrk frda.h Y%S ,xldj ;=< jd;_d jQ m%:u wjia:dj fuh
h' uy lkakh ;=< fuu frda.hg md;%S fouqyq m%fNao Nd;fhka
YS% ,xldf nvb= j.djkg wl ydkshla we;s lsf wjku
mj;S'

wdid; mglj, >klu ;a;s iys; Uqre iafmd/kahd

^ld,;rK jHqy& b;d Yd, ixLHdjla wvx.= f' f;;ukh
iys; ;;aj hgf;a iy WIaK;ajh idfmalaIj wl g ^fi'w'
230- 300&" fuu iafmd/kahd m%frdaykKh mdug yels iqcdkq
(zoo spores) 20-50 la muK ksoyia lrhs' fjd c,h Tiafia

ld,;rk jHqy ;=< wvx.= mfia wjqre 3 la muK

ld,hla fuu jHdldrlhdg j;ah yelsf' f ksid fNda.
udrej" fNda. wjfYaI kdY lsu frda. wdidok wju lr
.ekSug bjy,a jk w;r" m%;sfrda m%fNao Nd;h frda.h md,kh
i|yd b;d jeo.;a f'

md f.dia Ydl mgl u; ;ekam;a f'

uQ,dY%h

fuu frda.h m%:ufhka jdr;d jQfha 2005$2006 uy

lkakfha .f,kaKqjej m%foaYfhaa nvb= j.dj,sks' fouqyq
nvb= m%fNao i|yd frda. m;s%;dj wl ^>50]& h' th
m;% ;,h" m;% fldmqj" m;% kgq j,g wdidokh lr ;snQ w;r"
uOH kdr m%foaYfha frda. ,CIK jvd;a meye,sj fmkakq
flreKs'
m<uqj b;d l=vd" rjq isg .e" ly meye;s mq,a,s
f,i m;% ;,h u; frda. ,laIK olakg ,ef ^rEmh 1&'
fuu mq,a,s m;% ;,h yryd ;Sre f,io we;sh yelsh' wdid;
mgl miqj fpdl, Uqre isg r;= Uqre meye jk w;r
mq,a,s tlg tl;= wl%uj;a fldaKdldr fmkqula we;sf
^rEmh 2 iy 3&' ys;lr ;;aj hgf;a m;% fldmqjg we;=,;ska

rEmh 1
m;% ;,h u; yg.;a ly meye;s mq,a,s

v'ta'mS'' rr;ak" mrfhaIK ks,Od" fCIa;% fnda. mr( yd ixjO_k

wdh;kh" uybmam,a,u'

rEmh 2
rEmh 3
m;% kdrh u; fmkakq l< frda. ,CIK

eccccd;sl fi!Nd.H Wfoid lDIsldrl wxYfhka YsIaG hqKqjla w;alr .ksuq

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j

hka .i .ek i|yka l< iefklskau wmg isysm;a

jkqfha Wig jevqkq jeka; jDlaIhls' fCIa;%fha we;s Ydl
ish,a,lau mdfya fujeks wdldr jk w;r c me< uska j.dj
jHdma;sh thg m%Odk fya;=j f,i yekah yel' ;jo c
me< uska yg.kakd Ydl fyhska f.j, m%udKd;aul yd
.=Kd;aul ,CIK .iska .ig p,H jk w;r" wiajkq yg
.ekSu wdrN u i|yd o .= l,la .;f' ;jo b;d
Wia jQ Ydl neka frda. yd m<sfndaO md,kh" u,a lD;suj
mrd.kh" wiajkq fk,Su hkd O lghq;= Ialr we;'
hka noaO me< j.d lsfuka yd hka Ydlh l=vd
l< isg ukd f,i lmamd lr myiqfjka M, fk,sh yels
m%udKfha Ydl njg m;alr .ekSfuka fuu .eg uyrjd
.ekSug yels nj lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j ;yjqre lr we;'
l=vd hka noaO me< fCIa;%fha isgqfuka wk;=rej
/ln,d .ekSu b;d iqmCIdld;ajfhka l< hq;a;ls' jdc
j.djla i|yd fma,s 02 la w;r mr;rh gr 10 la muK
jk f,i noaO me< isgqu iqiq f' lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=
ksrfoaYs; wdldrhg me< isgqjd" m<uq jir ;=<" 70] muK
fijk ,ndfok ,lska wdjrKh lsu me<fha jrOkh blauka
lsug fya;= f' me<h iDcq f,i jrOkh u i|yd wdOdrlhla
isgqu;a" mfia f;;ukh m%udKj;a f,i mj;ajd .ekSu;a jeo.;a
f'

noaO me< l=vd wjfha lmamd lsu

me<h fCIa;%fha ukdj ixia:dmkh .fia Wi
' 1 1$2 la muK jk g l=vd wjfha lmamdj werh
hq;=h'
uq,a wjfha noaO
me<fha .%dylfhka wxl=r
we;sjk w;r tajd bj;a l<
hq ; = h ' fjd wkq c fhka
we;sjk wxl=r j,g jvd
f.fhka jrOkh jk neka
ksr;=rej iqmCIdfjka isu
wjYHh' uq,slj ;ks l|la
f,i Ydlh mj;ajd .ekSu
wjYH neka fmd,jg
wdikakfhka tk w;= bj;a
lsu jeo.;ah ^rEmh 1&'
w;= b;d <xj msy
s wdf,dalh
weysreKq Ydlhla we;su
je,elau i|yd wkjYH
w;= bj;a l< hq;=h'
rEmh1
fmdf<djg wdikakfhka tk w;= bj;a lsu

fju 7" wxl 6

wjqre myla muK jhie;s Ydlhla

lmamd lsu
mdrYal w;= jrOkh W;af;ackh lsu i|yd fmdf<df
isg gr 6-7 la muK Wilska .fia by, fldgi bj;a lsu
is lrhs' h ls,s" fmdf<djg wdikak w;=" frda. m<sfndaO
ydks iys; yd ksire w;= o f wjia:df bj;a lsfuka
ire M,jla i|yd .i ilia l< yel' lemQ uqk;a rdhEu
je<elau i|yd lkavidka jeks ,Sr kdYlhla wdf,am l<
hq;=h'

M, yg.kakd Ydl lmamd lsu

idr:l M,jla ,nd .ekSug k hka Ydlhla ;=<g
fydka wdf,dalh ,eh hq;=h' f i|yd iEu jirlu lmamd
lsrSu l< hq;=h' idudkHfhka Ydlh jirlg foj;djla lmamd
lsrSu is lrhs' m<uq lmamdj wiajekak ,nd.;a miq iema;enrTlaf;danr hk udi j, islrkq ,nhs' tys frda. yd m<sfndaO
ydks iys; w;= o" ksire yd hkq w;= o" h ls,s yd
tlsfklg .egqkq w;= o bj;a lrhs' wdf,dalh fydka fkdjefgk
fia <x <xj msys w;= bj;a l< hq;=h ^rEmh 2" 4&' idudkHfhka
w;= folla w;r mr;rh fi'' 40-50 la muKj;a ;sh
hq;=h' Yd, w;= lemsf tajd wdk;j lemsh hq;= w;r .i
rdhEu je<elau i|yd lemq uQkf;a lkavidka jeks fohla
wdf,am l< hq;=h ^rEmh 3&' fuu lmamdj wjidkfha lDIslu_
fomdr;fka;= ksrfoaYs; fmdfydr m%udKhka fhfuka Ydlh
jrOkh ug ie,eiah hq;= f'
fojk lmamdj" m<uq lmamdj is fldg udi 1 1$2
- 2 g muK miqj tk fkdjenr yd foienr udi j,
muK islrkq ,nhs' tys jrOkh fjka mj;sk h ls,s
ish,a,lau bj;a lr jD; Ydlhla we;s l< hq;=h'

rEmh 2
wkjYH w;= bj;a lsu

fju 7" wxl 6

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j'

idudkHfhka f;;a l,dmfha u,a yg .ekSu is jkqfha

fmnrjd - udr;= udi j, jk w;r M, fk,Su isjkqfha
cQks - wf.daia;= udi j,h' Wvrg wka;r l,dmfha u,a yg
.ekSu iema;enr - Tlaf;danr udi j, jk w;r M, fk,Su
isjkqfha foienr" fmnrjd udi j,hs' fuu l,dmfha
foaY.=l rgdj wkqj wjdrfha M, yg .ekSu isf'

l%u wkq.ukh lrka fydka kv;a;= lr .;a uOHu m%udKfha

Ydl we;s lr .ekSfuka fjf<| fmd<g heh yels .=Kd;aufhka
hq;= fyd| wiajekakla ,nd.; yel' wiajkq fk,Su o myiq
lrhs ^rEmh 5&'

rEmh 5
mqyqKqj yd lmamdj ;=<ska l%udKql+,j kv;a;= l< j.djla

rEmh 3
lemq ;,h u;=msg ,Sr kdYl wdf,amh

jdc j.djla lrd hdf f.d uy;=kag fmr ;snQ

.egjla k hka m%fNao fkdue;sluh' fuhg ms<shula f,i
lDIslu_ fomd;_fka;=j u.sska .=Kd;aaul hka m%fNao follaa
kaa ykajd ;sf' taajd k uOHu m%udKfha ^ls'.%E' 1'6&
j,dldr M, orK" udxY,h ;o njlska hq;a yd ly ;e,s
meyehla .kakd liqka k m%fNaoh;a" uOHu m%udKfha ^lss'.%E'1'6&
j,dldr M, orK" udxY,h ;o njlska hq;a yd lS% meyehla
.kakd wT;ekak k m%fNaoh;ah' fuu m%fNao j, noaO me<
fhd f.k idr:l j.djla wdrN lsug kaa f.d uy;=kag
wjia:dj ;sf' jdc j.djl weg me< lrd fkdf.dia noaO
me< fhd .ekSu jeo.;a jk w;r" tu.ska wjYH m%fNaofhaa
,laIK iys; idr:l taaldld j.djla we;slr .ekSf yelshdj
we;s f' tfiau noaO me< c me< fuka Wig fkdje fmdf,djg
wdikakfha isg w;= fnkq uOHu m%udKfha Ydl we;s lrk
w;r" blauka M, uo isf' hka u,a mrmrd.kh
i|yd je keUqre;djla olajk neka m%fNao tllg je .Kkla
fhd f.k taajd j.d f udrefjka udrejg isgqfuka wiajekak
je lr .; yel' ;jo u,a lD;suj mrd.kh lsu o wiajekak
jelr .ekSu i|yd bjy,a f'

rEmh 4
h ls,s bj;a lsu
uQ,dY%h (

by; lmamd j,g wu;rj wjYH g M, ;=kS lsu

o jeo.;a f' tlu ia:dkfhka M, rdYshla ygf.k we;s
g tajd ish,a, wdr:l jkdlu wvq l=vd f. f,i jrOkh
f' tjeks wjia:dj, M, lSmhla bj;a lsfuka .=Kd;aufhka
hq;a uOHu fyda Yd, m%udKfha f. ,nd.; yel' fufia
jdc j.djla i|yd noaO me< m%fNao lSmhla fhd .ekSu"
mqyqKq lsu yd lmamdj" fmdfydr u" M, ;=kS lsu hk

whs' ueof.dv" mrfhaIK ks,Od" t''mS'iS' kdlkao uhd

WoHdk fNda. mrfhaIK yd ixjO_k wdh;kh
.kafkdaarej'

;dCIl f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j

fju 7" wxl 6

jdrIsl flfi,a j.djl fudfrhshka bj;a lsf

M,hS l%uhla ykd .ksuq
jdrIsl j.djla f,i kv;a;= jk flfi,a j.djkaj,
ujq Ydlfhka yg.kakd fudfrhshka bj;a lsu jO_l ld,h
;=< wkq.ukh l< hq;= jeo.;a yd w;HdjYH ldrhhls' f.dka
O l%u f i|yd Nd;d lrhs' flfia kuq;a fudfrhshka
yg .ekSu i|yd fudfrhshka bj;a lsf l%ufhys n,mEula
we;s nj ksCIKh we;' f ksid jvd;au ldrhCIu yd
ho wvq l%uhla ykd .ekSu i|yd w=Kfld<me,eiai udY
yd f;,a fnda. mrfhaIK yd ixjrOk wdh;kh u.ska mrfhaIK
is lrk ,'
gr 31 mr;rhg j.d l< k flfi,a m%fNaofha
fudfrhshka bj;a lsu i|yd u;=jk fudfrhshka fmdlr
kdY lsu" fudfrhshkaf.a w.%ia: u;g N=f;,a ',S'5-8 la
j;a lsu iy idudkH Nd;fha wdldrhg fudfrhshka .,jd
bj;a lsu hk l%u 3 wkq.ukh lrk ,'
fufrhshka ;,d f l%uhg kej; yg.kakd jQ me<
m%udKh 12-14 la muK jQ w;r" me< .,jd bj;a lsf
tu m%udKh me< 3-5 la muK jk nj ksCIh h' me<
;,d f w.%ia: wxl=rh kdY jk kuq;a" wdydr ix;
b;s ;sfnk neka Y=ma; wxl=r jO_kh f.j;a u fuhg
fya;=j f,i ie<lsh yelsh' N=f;,a fhg wdydr ix;

iu me<h kdY jk neka idfmaCIj wvq me< m%udKhla

yg.kakd kuq;a" ujq Ydlfha mgl j,g o ydksu isjk
fyhska" oa;sl wdidok yg .ekSf wjkulao mj;S'
me< .e,f l%uhg ksia k 34 la jehjk w;r"
fudfrhshka fmd lr u i|yd ksia k 42 la wjYHh'
N=f;,a fhu i|yd ksia k 30 la jehjk kuq;a N=f;,a
i|yd wu;r houla ug isf'
f wkqj jdrIsl j.djla f,i kv;a;= jk flfi,a
j.djl fudfrhshka .,jd bj;a lsu jvd;a ldrhCIu l%uh
f,i ykd .kakd ,'

uQ,dY%h(

tia'tia' risxy" iqfOd lreKd;s,l

mrfhaIK ks,Od" udY yd f;,a fnda. mrfhaIK yd ixjO_k
uOHia:dkh" w=Kfld,me,eiai'

lDIs - ;dCIK ''''''' yqka

ld,Sk ;dCIl f;dr;=re ixCIsm;
a j ;dCIKfka" fYaIfhkau
jHdma;s ks,OdrSka fj; ,ndf wruqK Wfoid lDIs - ;dCIK
m;%sldj jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh iska jka jr ksl=;a lrkq

ixialrKh
chka;d b,kafl`ka

,ef' fuu m;%sldf wvx.= f;dr;=re fndfyduhlau m%Njh

we;af;a lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f O wdh;k iy uOHia:dk
j,sks' ;jo" fjk;a kEu uQ,dY%hlska Wmqgd .; yelsjQo"
fCIa;%fha m%dfh`.slj fhdod.; yelsjQo" f;dr;=re f k"
tjeks oE o lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldfjys wka;r.; jkq we;'

- ixialdrl -

jer f;dr;=re i|yd uikak ( wOHCI" jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh" ;e'fm' 18" lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j" fmardfoh'
lDIslu_ ixjrOk wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.ska
m%ldYhg m;a flks'

rd'fia'ms'
uqs; jHh
Ndr fkdkfyd;a wdmiq fhduq lrkak(
wOHCI"
jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh"
;e'fm' 18"
lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=j"
fmardfoh'
fuu m;%sldj" fmardfoh lDIslu_ fomdr;fka;=f jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha m.Kl wxYfha msgq ilia lr .kafk`rej
lDIslu_ uqKd,fha uqKh lrk ,'