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Ki Thuat Cong Mau So Engle Cua Bat Dang Thuc Chebychev
Ki Thuat Cong Mau So Engle Cua Bat Dang Thuc Chebychev
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Tc Gi Bi Vit:
Admin
a1 a2 ... an
a1 a2 ... an
Nu c
hoc
th ta c
b1 b2 ... bn
b1 b2 ... bn
. . .
. . .
a = a2 = ... = an
Du bng xy ra khi 1
b1 = b2 = ... = bn
... 1
... 1
a1
a1
2
n
2
n
hoc
th
Nu
b1 + b2 + ... + bn
b1 + b2 + ... + bn
b1 + b2
b1 + b2
...
...
b1
b1
n
n
2
2
. . .
. . .
a a2 ... an
Nu c 1
hoc
b1 b2 ... bn
a1 a2 ... an
th ta c
b1 b2 ... bn
. . .
. . .
a = a2 = ... = an
Du bng xy ra khi 1
b1 = b2 = ... = bn
... 1
... 1
a1
a1
2
n
2
n
Nu
hoc
th
b b1 + b2 ... b1 + b2 + ... + bn
b b1 + b2 ... b1 + b2 + ... + bn
1
1
2
n
2
n
. . .
. . .
,,
th
a1 a2 ... an
2a. Nu c
hoc
x1 x2 ... xn
a1 a2 ... an
th ta c
x1 x2 ... xn
1
1
1
a1 a2 ... an
a1 a2 ... an
2b. Nu c
hoc
th ta c
x1 x2 ... xn
x1 x2 ... xn
1
1
1
Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp,ta khng th nh gi theo 2 dy ny. Khi sso ta c
mt cch khc phc, l:
a1 a2
a1 a2
a
a
... n
... n
xn hoc x1 x2
xn th ta c
3a. Nu c x1 x2
x1 x2 ... xn
x1 x2 ... xn
Chng minh. theo 1a, ta c
Do
a1 a2
a1 a2
a
a
... n
... n
xn hoc x1 x2
xn th ta c
3b. Nu c x1 x2
x1 x2 ... xn
x1 x2 ... xn
Chng minh. theo 1b, ta c
Do
Mc d 2 bt ng thc ny c pht biu n gin v c suy ra t bt ng thc
Chebychev c in. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp, vic nh gi theo 2a v 2b
khng my hiu qu. V th, 3a v 3b (kt hp vi vic thm bin thch hp li tr nn
hiu qu i vi cc bt ng thc i xng 3 bin c cha phn thc. lm r iu
ny chng ta cng xt n cc bi ton sau:
Italia 2007
Li gii. Ta c
1
1
1
1 1 1
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s th
v
1
1
1
1 1 1
Bt ng thc trn lun ng.
T theo 3a th
1
1
1
1 1 1
3
2
Kt hp vi gi thit ta suy ra
3
1
2
Vy ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi 1.
Bi ton 2. Cho tam gic nhn !" . Chng minh rng
1
1
1
3
1 # # ! 1 # ! # " 1 # " #
1 2 3
VIF
Vy, ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi tam gic !" u
67879
Bt ng thc trn ng do
3
:
Vy, ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a b c 1.
2
0
0
0
:
0
0
0
3
: 0 :
0 2
0
0
0
2 2 0 0 : 0 3 3 3 0 2
0 2
0
0
2
1 0
2
1 0
2 : 0
3 3
0
0
2
2 2 2
0
Bt ng thc trn lun ng. Thit lp tng t ta suy ra
3 0 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 2 0 2
1
1
1
3
12
0
0
3
Vy ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi .
:
Nhn xt. Nu ta mun nh gi theo kiu Chebychev c in, tc l thit lp thm
3 0 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 2 0 2
b 0 c
2b 2c 0 a
0
iu ny tht kh gii quyt bi 2 2 0 l m hay dng?.
Bi ton. Cho cc s thc , =, > sao cho = > 1. Chng minh rng
=
>
9
1 = 1 > 1 10
Poland 1992
Li gii. Ta c
=
>
||
|=|
|>|
1 = 1 > 1 1 = 1 > 1
Nn ta ch cn chng minh bt ng thc vi , =, > @ 0
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s = > th 1 = 1 > 1
Tip tc ta c
=
x 0 y
1 0 xy
0
1 = 1
Do 1 = > = 2%= = C 1 nn bt ng thc trn hin nhin ng
Tng t ta suy ra
=
>
1 = 1 > 1
T theo 3a ta c
=
>
3
= >
3
9
1 = 1 > 1 = > 3 1
= >
3 10
3
Vy, ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi = > .
:
VIF
Li gii. Ta c
1
1
1
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s th 2 2 2 v
1
1
1
ab ac
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
bc
Bt ng thc trn lun ng vi
T theo 3a, ta c
1
1
1
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2
3
6
Kt hp vi gi thit suy ra
3
1 3
6
Vy ta c iu phi chng minh. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi 1
III/ Bi tp p dng.
3 33 1
Bi ton 3. Cho cc s thc dng , , sao cho 3. Chng minh
1
5 2
Bi ton 4. Cho , , l di 3 cnh ca mt tam gic. Chng minh rng
0
3
0