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Simple Problem and Its Applications
Simple Problem and Its Applications
The problem below is well-known but its applications are very interesting and profound.
Problem 1:
Let the incircle (I) of triangle ABC is tangent to AB, AC at M,N respectively. The line BI
intersects MN at E. Prove that BEC = 90o
Solution:
We only prove this problem when E lies outside the segment MN (other case is similar)
Since (I) toughs AB, AC at M, N respectively we get AMN = ANM
A
Then ENC = ANM = 900
2
B C
A
+
= 90o
On the other hand, we have EIC = IBC + ICB =
2
2
2
Therefore ENC = EIC
Hence quadrilateral INEC is cyclic.
We obtain BEC = IEC = INC = 90o (q.e.d)
Now, lets start with some applications of problem 1 :
Problem 2:
Let the incircle (I) of triangle ABC tough BC, CA, AB at M,N,P respectively. The line BI
intersects MN,PN at G,H, CI intersects PM,PN at J,K. Show that 4 points G,H,J,K lie on
one circle.
Solution:
Problem 3:
Let xBy = . A is a fixed which lie point on the ray Bx. C moves on the ray By. The
incircle (I) of triangle ABC touches AC, BC at E,F respectively. Prove that the line EF
always passes through a fixed point.
Solution:
Next, we will use the problem 3 to solve this hard and nice problem:
Problem 4:
Given a triangle ABC. A point D moves on the opposite ray of the ray BC such that the
incircles of triangles ABD and ACD intersect each other at P and Q. Prove that the line
PQ always passes through a fixed point.
Solution:
Let (O1) tangent to BD, AD at M,N; (O2) tangent to BD,AD at X,Y respectively. BO1
intersects MN at E, CO2 intersects XY at F.
Note that the angles ABC, ACD are invariable then by problem 3, we get E,F are two
fixed points.
Because MN, PQ, XY are perpendicular to O1O2, we obtain XY//PQ//MN (1)
Let I, K be the intersections of PQ and BD,EF respectively.
We have IM2=IQ.IP=IX2 then IM=IX (2)
From (1) and (2) we get PQ is a median of trapezoid MEFX
So KE=KF=1/2EF
Since E,F are two fixed points we have K is a fixed point.
Solution:
a, Applying problem 1, we have AFB = AEB = 90o then the quadrilateral AFEB is
cyclic.
On the other hand, INB = IEB = 90o so the quadrilateral INEB is cyclic.
We get FBE = IBE = MNI =
ACB
2
Let the incircle (O) of triangle ABC touch AC, BC at M, N, respectively. The bisectors of
angles A and B meet MN at P, Q, respectively. Prove that MP.OA=BC.OQ
Solution:
OQ OM
=
OA OC
(1)
OM MP
=
OC BC
OM MP
=
(2)
OC BC
OQ MP
=
OA BC
So MP.OA=OQ.BC (q.e.d)
5
Solution:
NY JB
=
NI
JI
Or
NX JC
=
(1)
NI
JI
(2)
NX NI JC JI
.
=
.
NI NY JI JB
NX JC AC
=
=
(q.e.d)
NY JB AB
Problem 8 (TTT2-41):
Given a triangle ABC with A = 60o , the circle (O) inscribed in triangle ABC, touches
the sides AB,AC,BC at points D,E,F, . The line DE intersects the lines BO, CO,
respectively at N,M. Find the area of triangle MNF in terms of the area of triangle ABC.
Solution:
r
S
Therefore FMN ABC we claim FMN = FMN (1)
S ABC rABC
Let H be the projection of O to MF, we have rFMN=OH
2
r OH 1
1
1
o
Then FMN =
= (because HFO = MFN = BAC = 30 ) (2)
4
2
2
rABC OF
From (1) and (2) we get SFMN=1/4SABC
Problem 9 (TTT2-23):
Let ABC be a non isosceles triangle circumscribed the circle (O).D,E,F are three
tangency points of (O) to the sides BC,CA,AB, respectively. M is the intersection of AO
and DE, N is the intersection of BO and EF, P is the intersection of CO and DF. Show
that SNAB=SMAC=SPBC.
Solution:
Using problem 1, we have AMB = 900 . Let L be the intersection of BM and AC, K and
H be the projections of M and B to the side AC.
Since BAM = CAM and AMB = 90o we get BM=LM
Then MH =
1
BK or SAMC=1/2SABC
2
Comment:
So, starting from a simple geometry problem, we constructed many interesting results.
Among them, there are many problems from the contests around the world. I think that
problem 1 still has other applications for the readers to discover.