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End Length Offsets
End Length Offsets
End Length Offsets
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Note:
Rigid end offsets along the
length of a
frame element
account for the
finite size of
beam and column intersections.
When a line object is used to model a frame section the line object is assumed to be located at the centroid of the frame section.
Thus when line objects (frame sections) intersect in a model it
means that the centroids of the associated frame objects intersect.
In a real structure this is not always the case. For example, it is
not unusual for one or more floor beams in a building to frame
eccentrically into a column. ETABS provides the capability of
defining rigid frame end joint offsets to account for these eccentric connections. See the subsection below titled "Rigid Frame
End Joint Offsets" for more information.
Use the Assign menu > Frame/Line > Frame Rigid Offsets
command to open the Assign Frame End Offsets dialog box
where you can define both rigid end offsets along the length of
frame elements and rigid frame end joint offsets. Be careful that
you do not get these two types of rigid offsets confused.
Any end offset assigned to a line object is ignored unless the line
object also has a frame section assigned to it.
Rigid end offsets along the length of frame members are defined
in the End Offset Along Length area of the Assign Frame End
Offsets dialog box. Use the Assign menu > Frame/Line >
Frame Rigid Offsets command to open this dialog box.
In the End Offset Along Length area you have the choice of
having ETABS determine the end offset lengths automatically or
specifying them yourself. You also can specify the rigid-zone
factor. These items are described below.
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ETABS outputs
forces at the
inside face of
end offsets
along the
length of the
member.
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Figure 14-4:
Example rigid end
joint offsets
Column
Y
X
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Edge of slab
Spandrel beam
Plan
Rigid Frame Joint Offsets
Note:
When you
specify member
end joint offsets
the local axes
of the member
are always
based on the
final position of
the member
after the end
joint offsets are
applied.
Rigid frame joint offsets are defined in the Frame Joint Offset
area of the Assign Frame End Offsets dialog box. Use the Assign
menu > Frame/Line > Frame Rigid Offsets command to open
this dialog box. In the Frame Joint Offset area you specify the
global X, Y and Z joint offsets at each end point of the frame
element.
This feature is useful for modeling beams and columns when the
beams do not frame into the center of the column. Frame member joint offsets are always fully rigid.
The floor plan shown in Figure 14-4 illustrates a concrete beam
and slab system with such a condition. Note that all of the spandrel beams frame into the edge of the column, not the column
center line. This circumstance can be modeled in ETABS by
providing a joint offset to the top (j-end) and bottom (i-end) of
each column in either the global X direction, global Y direction,
or both directions depending on how the column is oriented.
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j
1
3
b) Original Position of Beam
j
i
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3
c) Final Position of Beam
Important Note: When you specify member joint offsets the local axes of the member are always based on the final position of
the member after the joint offsets are applied. Similarly, the location of loads assigned to the line object are based on the final
length and location of the member after the joint offsets are applied.
Consider the example sketch shown to the left. Sketch a shows a
plan view of a beam that has the j-end joint offset. The end joint
is offset such that the beam extends from i to j' rather than from i
to j.
Sketch b shows the local axes for the beam when it is in its
original position without the joint offset. Sketch c shows the local axes for the beam when it is in its final position with the joint
offset. In both sketches b and c the local 2-axis points upward
and thus does not show in the plan view sketches. ETABS bases
the local axes of the beam on those shown in sketch c.
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