การให้บริการชุมชนด้วยการป้องกันการใช้ยาเกินขนาดจากสารอนุพันธ์ฝิ่น Servicing Communities with Opioid Overdose Prevention (SCOOP) การสรุปบทเรียนจากประเทศไทย

3
4
5
6
9
12
16
25
SCOOP CHAMPION-IDU
1. 29
a.
b.
c.
2. 34
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. 48
52
1: SCOOP 58
2: 61
62
28

CHAMPION-IDU
2552 2557 Open Society Foundations

Pascal
Tanguay ( )
Kate Kaneko (
Princeton in Asia [PiA] - 2556)

Open Society Foundations

Pierre de Vasson

/

Pierre
de Vasson

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

(
12D)

AIDS
ART
ATS
BCC
CHAMPION

CND
CPR
CTL
DALY
DDC
DIC
EHRN
EML
FAR
FDA
GFATM

HCV
HIV
HTC
ICAAP

IHAA
M&E
MIMS
MIS
MOH
NGO
OSF
PEPFAR

PiA
PSI
PWID
PWUD
RTF
SCOOP

STI
TDN
THB
TOT
TRC
TTAG
UN
UNAIDS
UNODC

USD
WHO
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ()

Antiretrovial treatment ()
Amphetamine-type stimulant ()
Behavior change communication ()
Comprehensive HIV Prevention Among Most-At-Risk Populations by Promoting
Integrated Outreach and Networking (
)
Commission on Narcotic Drugs ()
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ()
Closing-the-loop
Disability-adjusted life year ()
Department of Disease Control ()
Drop-in center ()
Eurasian Harm Reduction Network ()
Essential medicines list ()
Foundation for AIDS Rights ()
Food & Drug Administration ()
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (
)
Hepatitis C virus ()
Human immunodeficiency virus ()
HIV testing and counseling ()
International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific
()
International HIV/AIDS Alliance (/)
Monitoring & evaluation ()
Medical Information Management System ()
Management of information system ()
Ministry of Health ()
Non-governmental organization ()
Open Society Foundations ()
Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
()
Princeton in Asia
Population Services International ()
People who inject drugs ()
People who use drugs ()
Raks Thai Foundation ()
Servicing Communities with Opioid Overdose Prevention
()
Sexually transmitted infection ()
Thai Drug Users Network ()
Thai Baht ()
Training of trainers ()
Thai Red Cross ()
Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group ()
United Nations ()
Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS ()
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
()
United States Dollar ()
World Health Organization ()
5

1,2,3
SCOOP 2556

.. 2557

.. 2550
12-65 5 2.5
40,000

25-40 10 4,5 30

68
6

2555 55/7

8

2552 2557

CHAMPION-IDU
________________________________________
1 Global Commission on HIV and the Law. 2012. Risks, Rights and Health.
2 Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2012. The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic.
3 Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2013. The Negative Impact of The War on Drugs on Public Health: The Hidden Hepatitis C Epidemic.
4 National AIDS Prevention and Alleviation Committee, Thailand. 2010. UNGASS Country Progress Report Thailand: Reporting Period: January
2008December 2009; HIV/AIDS Data Hub. 2013. Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and Epidemiological Status:
https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.
5 Bureau of Epidemiology. 2012. Integrated bio behavioral survey, (unpublished).
6 Milloy, M.-J. et. al. 2010. Overdose experiences among injection drug users in Bangkok Thailand, in Harm Reduction Journal, 7:9.
7 National Command Center for Combating Drugs. 2014. Guidelines for Harm Reduction among Injection Drug Users (1/2557).
8 See www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.
6
CHAMPION-IDU
21
9

CHAMPION-IDU

148

CHAMPION-IDU
19
74,852
CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP 2556 2557
SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP 2556 SCOOP

18 2
1,575
________________________________________
9 WHO. 2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.
7

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP
SCOOP :

(DALY)
SCOOP :

SCOOP

SCOOP :

CHAMPION-IDU 19
SCOOP :

SCOOP :

SCOOP :

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP :

CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

99,000-253,000 70,000-100,000

2553

43,000
180,000
10

11

16
59
12
83
() 41 () 30
() 38 () 42
() 68 ()13

2555 55/7

,14

________________________________________
10 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & World Health
Organization. 2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing

opioid overdose mortality.
11 Ibid.
12 Sergeev, B. et al., 2003. Prevalence and circumstances
of opiate overdose among injection drug users in the Russian
Federation, Journal of Urban Health, 80(2): 212219.
13 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & World Health
Organization. 2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing
opioid overdose mortality.
14 See www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_
Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.
15 WHO. 2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention,
diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.
16 Open Society Foundations & Eurasian Harm Reduction
Network. 2010. Why Overdose Matters for HIV.
17 Ibid.
10

15

1990
16
.. 2553 15

(
)
17

CHAMPION-IDU

Photo credit: Backyard Films
11
12
!

CHAMPION-IDU

2550 5
12 - 65 2.5 18

40,000 19
()
(Midazolam)
(Benzodiazepines) 20

25 - 40 21,22,23
24

9025
2557

2553
________________________________________
18 Assanangkornchai, S et al. 2008. Current situation of substance-related problems
in Thailand in J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand, 53:1.
19 Aramrattana, A. 2013. Estimated sizes of Thai injection drug users (IDUs),
presentation at Technical Consultation: Size Estimation of MARPs in Asian Countries.

20 International Drug Policy Consortium. 2013. Briefing paper: Drug control and harm
reduction in Thailand.
21 National AIDS Prevention and Alleviation Committee, Thailand. 2010. UNGASS
Country Progress Report Thailand: Reporting Period: January 2008December 2009.
22 HIV/AIDS Data Hub. 2013. Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and
Epidemiological Status:
https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.
24 Wilson, D. et al. 2007. HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment in Two Prisons in
Thailand in PLoS Med, 4(6): 204.
25 Walsh, N. et al. The silent epidemic: responding to viral hepatitis among people
who inject drugs in International Harm Reduction Association 2010. Global State of
Harm Reduction 2010 - Key Issues for Broadening the Response.
13
1:
(IBBS)
CENTRAL
(Bangkok, N = 409)
22.6%
77.4%
NORTH
(Chiang Mai, N = 150)
32.6%
67.4%
SOUTH
(Songkhla, N = 204)
10%
30

68
26
2010
127

27
( 8 12
) 2 28

( 46)
( 39)
( 5)29
( 64) ( 57)
( 24) ( 22)
( 20) ( 18) ( 14)30

CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION-IDU
________________________________________
90%
Ever had overdosed

Never overdosed
14
26 Milloy, M.-J. et. al. 2010. Overdose experiences among injection drug users
in Bangkok Thailand, in Harm Reduction Journal, 7:9.

28 PSI Thailand. 2014. Overdose situation among people who inject drugs:
A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai and
Narathiwat.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
4

31

() 32

33

[]
[]
[] [
]
[]
CHAMPION-IDU34

35

Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines

UN

36

(
) 56
31
31
37
________________________________________
31 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & World Health Organization. 35 World Bank. 2011. Harm reduction policies and interventions for
2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.

32 Milloy, M.-J. et al. 2010. Overdose experiences among injecting drug
users in Bangkok, Thailand in Harm Reduction Journal, 7:9.
33 Fairbairn, N et al. 2009. Reports of evidence planting by police among
a community-based sample of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand
in International Health and Human Rights, 9:24.
34 PSI Thailand. 2014. Overdose situation among people who inject
drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang
Mai and Narathiwat.
injection drug users in Thailand.

36 During one of the advocacy consultation meetings organized under the
OSF grant, a Thai medical doctor working in academia pointed out that the
Thai government does recognize overdose as a legitimate cause of death
but only for foreigners, as compelled an international reporting obligation.
37 PSI Thailand. 2014. Overdose situation among people who inject
drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang
Mai and Narathiwat.
15
- CHAMPION-IDU
16

( )38

:

55/7

..
2544
2555 55/7

39 .
40 2557

[]

________________________________________
38 Hayashi, K. et al. 2011. Low Uptake of Hepatitis C Testing and High 39 See www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/
Prevalence of Risk Behavior Among HIV Positive Injection Drug Users in 2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.
Bangkok, Thailand; Letter to the Editor in Journal of Acquired Immune 40 United Nations. 2001. Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.
Deficiency Syndrome, 56:5, e133-e135.
17
[]

41

42

(GFATMs Information Note on Harm Reduction for People
Who Inject Drugs)
:

[]
[]

[]
OST

43
________________________________________
41 WHO. 2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment
and care for key populations.

42 Presidents Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief. 2010. Comprehensive HIV
Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs, Revised Guidance.
43 The Global Fund. 2014. Information Note on Harm Reduction for People Who
Inject Drugs.
18
*

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
1.

2.
3.
4.
*. 2557.

19
Open Society Foundation

1.

2.
/

/
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
44
________________________________________
44 Open Society Foundations & Eurasian Harm Reduction Network. 2010.
Why Overdose Matters for HIV.
20
2552

2555

CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION-IDU

( SCOOP)

19

SCOOP

21
CHAMPION-IDU
[ ]

- 45

2551
16.6 8

5 46

(12D)
47
13,000

( )

8

(CHAMPION)
(IDU)

19

20

CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION-IDU
20,000

CHAMPION-IDU

________________________________________
45 PSI Thailand. 2011. Rapid PEER Study to strengthen the Injecting
Drug Users Quality of Life Programme.

46 See http://portfolio.theglobalfund.org/en/Grant/Index/THA-H-PSI.
22
47 Ozone is PSI Thailand Foundations branded network of DICs serving
the needs of PWID. Ozone operates in 15 of the 19 CHAMPION-IDU

provinces.

CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION
-IDU

48,49

CHAMPIONIDU
________________________________________
48 UNAIDS, UNODC, WHO. 2012. Technical Guide for
Countries to Set Targets for Universal Access to HIV

Prevention, Treatment and Care for Injecting Drug Users.
49 WHO. 2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention,
diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.
23
24

2553

2555

(Chicago Recovery Alliance)

2555
CHAMPION
19
25

50

/
SCOOP
26
CHAMPION-IDU

2556

23
51

CHAMPION-IDU
Princeton in Asia (PiA)
(MIS) CHAMPION-IDU
Open Society
Foundation

1 2556 SCOOP

Open Socity
Foundation

( )


- 2556
299
- 2557
6
CHAMPION-IDU
50
- 2557

:
2557
________________________________________
50 OSF. Unpublished. Unlocking Access to Essential Medicines : Global
Photo credit: TTAG
Supply and Demand of Naloxone Current Status, Barriers, and

Avenues of Improvement.
51 Tanguay, P. 2013. Not Childs Play: Procuring Naloxone in Thailand,
Poster presentation at the 23rd International Harm Reduction Conference,
Vilnius, Lithuania, 9-12 June 2013.
27

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU
28
SCOOP
:

Servicing Communities with Opioid Overdose Prevention (SCOOP)
1 2013 31 2014
:
Open Society Foundation:

/:
: CHAMPION-IDU
1.

-

1-5

60-90

Photocredit:
credit:Backyard
Ba ckyardFilms
Films
Photo
()

52

53

600 [20 ]
________________________________________
52 PSI. 2013. Intranasal Naloxone Research Brief.

53 Ibid.
29

Narcotan
Pinyo Pharmacy Ltd., Part. Trorikaa
Pharmaceuticals
Indochina Healthcare Ltd. Hospira
Australia Pty Ltd. HameIn Phamaceuticals

0.4
1

Pinyo

246 (8.2 )
30 (1 )

Pinyo
Indochina Narcotan 10,000
8

40 C

Troikaa
30 25 C 2 C,54
Pinyo
6 40 C.55
:

Narcotan Pinyo
2555

Open
Society Foundation

SCOOP

Pinyo Open Society
Foundation
246

________________________________________
54 Troikaa Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2013. Finished Product Specifications: Narcotan.
55 Personal communication. 23 February 2013.
30
: Pinyo

1,805 8
Pinyo
: Pinyo

Pinyo

:
246
Troikaa

CHAMPION-IDU
Troikaa Pinyo

600,000 (20,000 )

:

SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU
/

CHAMPION-IDU SCOOP
Pinyo Indochina Troikaa Hospira/
Hameln

CHAMPION-IDU SCOOP

Narcotan Pinyo
1,805 75 (2.22
) 2556
8 2557 Narcotan
1,625
31

(Medical Information Management System - MIMS)

56

60

61

(Core List)59

19 CHAMPION-IDU

30

Pinyo 23 2555

16

57

1,000 62
(1998)

58
________________________________________
56 See www.mims.com/thailand/Viewer/Html/PoisonCls.htm.
57 World Health Organization. 1995. The use of essential drugs, in Sixth report of the WHO Expert Committee (#850).
58 WHO. 2003. The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines - WHO Technical Report Series (#914).
58 Ibid.
59 National Drug Committee. 2008. National List of Essential Medicines.
60 World Health Organization. 2013. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: 18th List.
61 Yoongthong, W. et al. 2012. National Drug Policies to Local Formulatory Decisions in Thailand, China, and Australia: Drug Listing
Changes and Opportunities in Value

in Health, 15, S126-S131.
62 See Thailand Penal Code, Section 374.
32
SCOOP 19
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
(
)

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

33
2.

-
:

2553

2555
CHAMPION-IDU
Photo credit: TTAG
34
2555 CHAMPION
-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

(
)
CHAMPION-IDU

63

/

64

[]

- CHAMPION-IDU68

1 2556 31 2556
148
19
CHAMPION-IDU

98
65

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
2556
:
2556

CHAMPION-IDU

[]

[]

[]
66, 67
- CHAMPION-IDU69
________________________________________
63 Open Society Foundations. 2009. Overdose Prevention and Response; A Guide for People Who Use Drugs and Harm Reduction
Staff in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
64 See http://harmreduction.org/issues/overdose-prevention/overview/stimulant-overamping-basics.
65 PSI Thailand. 2014. CHAMPION-IDU project data (unpublished).
66 Lavoie, D. 26 April 2012. Naloxone: Drug-Overdose Antidote Is Put In Addicts Hands in Huffington Post.
68 PSI Thailand. 2014. Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok,
Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.
69 Ibid.
35

CHAMPION-IDU
37

Open Society Foundation SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU

1 3 3
3 CHAMPION-IDU

/
2557 20

6
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU 73
SCOOP

2557

_______________________________________
73 PSI Russia. 2012. Russia: Piloting Naloxone for OD Prevention.

38
Photo credit: Voxiton Images
2557
19,500

60
2
2 74

75

76

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
[ CHAMPION-IDU]

SCOOP

77

CHAMPION-IDU
Open
Society Foundation
2556
()
( 1)
________________________________________
74 Office of the New York City Attoreny General. 27 May 2014. A. G. Schneiderman announces funding to equip NYC police officers with
life-saving heroin antidote (press release).
75 Saltman, J. 29 August 2014. 125 overdoses reversed in past two years with take-home antidote: B.C. Centre for Disease Control in The Province
76 Open Society Foundations. 2011. Stopping Overdose: Peer Based Distribution of Naloxone.
77 Open Society Foundations. 2014. Briefing on why and how to address overdose in Global Fund proposals.
39

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU
(MIS)
CHAMPION-IDU (UIC)

CHAMPION-IDU

Closing the
Loop (CTL)
/
40
CHAMPION-IDU
1.
()
2.
()
Closing
the Loop

Closing the Loop

1 2 ():

()
3.

4.
5.
3 4 5 ():

( )

CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP
41
6.
7.
(OVD_02)
2557
8.

(OVD_02)
2557

(OVD_02)
(OVD_02.1)
9.

6 - 9 ():

( )

SCOOP

42
10.
11.
(
)
1:

/

(OVD_02)
2:

10 11 ():
10

11

43
CHAMPION-IDU
200

SCOOP

Open Society Foundation 2556
CHAMPIONIDU
SCOOP CHAMPION-IDU
44
4

CHAMPION-IDU
130

SCOOP

SCOOP

CHAMPIONIDU
CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU

- 2556

:

CHAMPION-IDU
2
60

:
(
Benzodiazepines ) IM

(400mcg)

78

- 31 2557

SCOOP

SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU

________________________________________
78 WHO Thailand. 2013. National Standard Operating Procedures for Methadone Maintenance Therapy.
45

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

1 2558

8
12
7

CHAMPION-IDU

79
SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

80

SCOOP
- CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

2557 CHAMPIONIDU

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP
________________________________________
79 WHO. 2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis,
treatment
and care for key populations.
80 Harm Reduction International, International Drug Policy Consortium
and International HIV/AIDS Alliance. 2014. The funding crisis for harm
reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward.
46

(ICAAP) 11

11
(Drug User Networking Zone in the Asia
Pacific Village) Open Society Foundation

23

18-22 2556
( 2)

20
47
3.

3,430
SCOOP 2556-2557 1,855
- CHAMPION-IDU
148

1,575 2556
SCOOP 26
CHAMPION-IDU
2556 21

SCOOP 4
2556
CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP 2556-2557
1. ()
2. ()
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11. 82
1,575
N/A*
148
N/A*
26
21
81
0
4
74,853
*
** SCOOP

________________________________________
81 Though the present report mentions PWID dying from overdoses in the community, unfortunately, those individuals were not clients of the
CHAMPION-IDU or SCOOP projects and people in the community anecdotally relayed information about such events. In such events where an
overdose takes place but the CHAMPION-IDU and SCOOP workers are not called to the scene, PSI cannot record data against indicators.
82 Harm Reduction International, International Drug Policy Consortium and International HIV/AIDS Alliance. 2014. The funding crisis for harm
reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward.
48

CHAMPION-IDU
180
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP

82

CHAMPION-IDU83
2 CHAMPIONIDU
CHAMPION-IDU
84
84

SCOOP 21
1,500
85

SCOOP

()

SCOOP

SCOOP

84

SCOOP

________________________________________
84 Ibid.
85The US CDC reports that between 1996 and 2010, at least 188 community-based overdose prevention programs were operating across 15
states and the District of Columbia and resulted in training and providing naloxone to over 53,000 people who went on to reverse more than
10,000 opioid overdoses in the community. See more details in US CDC. 17 February 2012. Community-based opioid overdose prevention
programs providing naloxone - United States, 2010.
49

SCOOP
CHAMPION
IDU
(DALY)

[ CHAMPION DALY
IDU]

CHAMPION-IDU 30
[ ]

45 DALY
[]
86
75

- CHAMPION-IDU
30 21
945

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP
SCOOP

CHAMPION
IDU
[]
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU

[
]
- CHAMPION-IDU
!
- CHAMPION-IDU

[

]
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
________________________________________
86 WHO has yet to develop and release a model to estimate the number of DALYs generated from successful overdose reversals using
naloxone. However, though the logic used in the example above is aligned with the definition, the calculation is deliberately simplified for the
sake of argument: it is likely that Thai PWID would have a life expectancy that is significantly below the national average that would reduce
the actual number of DALYs generated by SCOOP.
50
[]
[] CHAMPION-IDU 19
- CHAMPION-IDU87 SCOOP

SCOOP

- CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
CHAMPION-IDU 39
58 CHAMPION-IDU
34
( 73) ( 60)
( 37) ( SCOOP

29) ( 27) (
21) ( 21) 42 SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU
( 16 ) 57
( 2 )
SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP
SCOOP
SCOOP

SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU
(DALY)
SCOOP

________________________________________

51

[]
CHAMPION
[]
[]
[]

- CHAMPION-IDU
52

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP

SCOOP

SCOOP

1.
Narcotan

2.

SCOOP

3.
4.

CHAMPION-IDU

5.
CHAMPION
-IDU

SCOOP

19 CHAMPION-IDU

(
) 6.

53
7.

SCOOP

SCOOP

SCOOP
CHAMPION-IDU

CHAMPION-IDU
SCOOP
SCOOP

8.

SCOOP

SCOOP

54

SCOOP

SCOOP

CHAMPION-IDU

SCOOP

(IBBS)

SCOOP

SCOOP
CHAPION-IDU

SCOOP

55
1:
Situation report
Site/DIC : __________________________________
Month/Year : _______________/________________
Ever seen or involved with OVD situation?

No : ______ Yes : ______ how many time : ______
Ever rescued those who experienced OVD?

No : ______ Yes : ______ how many time : ______
* Even no incident please inform
Number of People received OVD screening :

Male : __________ Female : __________
People received screening in this month indicate EVER or NEVER experienced OVD in theirs Lifetime.
(How many OVD and percent)

NEVER : ______ EVER : ______ If Yes how many : ______ Pecentage : ______( < 100 is safe, > 100 caution)
People received screening in this month indicate EVER or NEVER experienced OVD in Past 6 months.
(How many OVD and percent)

NEVER : ______ EVER : ______ If Yes how many : ______ Pecentage : ______( < 100 is safe, > 100 caution)
* If # of incident higher than lifetime, it strongly advised to be cautious.
Number of Naloxone distribution*

bottles Used : __________% of survivors ( used / survived) near100 is safe)
* Cross check with inventory report
56
What kind of Substance that you use before OVD?

Alcohol

Stimulant ex: Crack (ice), Mate (yaba)

Benzodiazepine : Midazolam Diazepam

Opium: Heroin, Opidoid substance

Methadone : buy from black market

Etc (please specific)

Not sure / Cant remember
Where did you ever experienced OVD?

Own house / Welfare motel /Apartment

Someones house (acquaintance or just know)

Street corner or public areas (corner of building, toilet)

Outdoor such as Park, Bush etc

Mosque Graveyard Temple

Drug market

Number of Refer to Rescue team or ER from a hospital.

Refer : __________ Not : __________

Overall reasons of Refer are:

Overall reasons of Not refer are:
Life safer after that

Survived : __________ Death : __________

(OVD)
Report by ___________________________________
Date________________________________________
57
Incident Report
D/M/Y : _______________________________________
ORG. : ________________________________________
Name or UIC : __________________________________
* Peer or Staff in assist to select answers
Gender:

Male : __________ Female : __________ MSM/TG : __________ Age : __________
Have you ever heard about OVD

Yes : ______ No : _______
Can answer more than 1 choice by put X in blank space :
Past 6 months what kind of substance did you use?

Alcohol




Methadone : dispense for substantive therapy


Etc (please specific) ___________________

At Present where do you use drug?






Drug market

Normally whos presence nearby when using drug?
( Can answer more than 1 )

Other drug users

Family members

Married couple or boy/girl friends

Non drug user friends

Stanger or who just met

No one
If this person has never experienced OD pleas skip below but require your signature.
58
Degree :
Degree :
Degree :
Have you ever seen or involved with OVD situation happen to someone or your friend?

No : ______ Yes : ______ If Yes how many time : ______
Have you ever rescued those who experienced OVD?

In your lifetime have you ever experienced OVD?

Past 6 months have you ever experienced OVD?


IF Yes in past 6 months please give more information
When is your latest OVD experience? D/M/Y : _____/_______/_____
.---- If your have never experienced OVD please finish----.
What kind of Substance that you use before OVD?

Alcohol






Not sure / Cant remember

Degree :

Where did you ever experienced OVD?






Drug market


Degree :

59
For staff or Peer only

Does he/ Did you use Naloxone? No : ______ Yes : ______ How many : ______
During this client still in OVD, what did you or other try to help this person (Beside Naloxone injection)?

Call Rescue team or ER from a hospital.

Accompany this guy to hospital

Prepare for CPR (Sleep on ones side and clear throat)

Did CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

Wake up by hitting, shower, put some ice one him,

Shake or smash his body.

Inject water or Normal Saline

Wake up by call and shout his name

Do nothing.

Do other thing (please specfic)__________________

Refer to Hospital or Rescue : Yes : ______ No : ______ Reason both Y and N : _____________________________

If yes please specific this health setting : _______________________________________________
Life safer after that : Safe : ______ Death : ______
Signature : _____________________________
Date submit : _____________________________
Team leader acknowledgment : _____________________________
Date of review : _____________________________
Suggestion: Frequency of interview should be conduct every 6 month.
In case any client just exp. OVD, please use this form to interview as soon as possible
when he/she in good condition
** Collect report every month, it may require in urgent situation
60
2:
88

()
________________________________________
88 Exerpted from Advocates Responses to Common Criticisms of Lay Distribution at
http://naloxoneinfo.org/sites/default/files/Advocates%2527%20Responses%20to%20Common%20Criticisms%
20of%20Lay%20Distribution%20.pdf.
61

1 Global Commission on HIV and the Law. 2012. Risks, Rights and Health.
2 Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2012. The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic.
3 Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2013. The Negative Impact of The War on Drugs on Public Health: The Hidden Hepatitis C Epidemic.
4 Assanangkornchai, S et al. 2008. Current situation of substance-related problems in Thailand in J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand, 53:1.
2008December 2009; HIV/AIDS Data Hub. 2013. Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and Epidemiological Status: https://skydrive.live.
com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.
8 National Command Center for Combating Drugs. 2014. Guidelines for Harm Reduction among Injection Drug Users (1/2557).
11 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2012. World Drug Report 2012.
12 Degenhardt, L. et al. 2011. Mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
of cohort studies, Addiction, 106(1): 32-51.
13 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime & World Health Organization. 2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.
14 Ibid.
15 Sergeev, B. et al., 2003. Prevalence and circumstances of opiate overdose among injection drug users in the Russian Federation, Journal of
Urban Health, 80(2): 212219.
19 Open Society Foundations & Eurasian Harm Reduction Network. 2010. Why Overdose Matters for HIV.
20 Ibid.
21 Assanangkornchai, S et al. 2008. Current situation of substance-related problems in Thailand in J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand, 53:1.
22 Aramrattana, A. 2013. Estimated sizes of Thai injection drug users (IDUs), presentation at Technical Consultation: Size Estimation of MARPs
in Asian Countries.
23 International Drug Policy Consortium. 2013. Briefing paper: Drug control and harm reduction in Thailand.
2008December 2009.
25 HIV/AIDS Data Hub. 2013. Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and Epidemiological Status: https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=A
FD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.
27 Wilson, D. et al. 2007. HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment in Two Prisons in Thailand in PLoS Med, 4(6): 204.
28 Walsh, N. et al. The silent epidemic: responding to viral hepatitis among people who inject drugs in International Harm Reduction Association
2010. Global State of Harm Reduction 2010 - Key Issues for Broadening the Response.
31 PSI Thailand. 2014. Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai
and Narathiwat.
32 Ibid.
33 Ibid.
35 Milloy, M.-J. et al. 2010. Overdose experiences among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand in Harm Reduction Journal, 7:9.
36 Fairbairn, N et al. 2009. Reports of evidence planting by police among a community-based sample of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand
in International Health and Human Rights, 9:24.
and Narathiwat.
38 World Bank. 2011. Harm reduction policies and interventions for injection drug users in Thailand.
39 During one of the advocacy consultation meetings organized under the OSF grant, a Thai medical doctor working in academia pointed out that the
Thai government does recognize overdose as a legitimate cause of death but only for foreigners, as compelled an international reporting obligation.
and Narathiwat.
41 Hayashi, K. et al. 2011. Low Uptake of Hepatitis C Testing and High Prevalence of Risk Behavior Among HIV Positive Injection Drug Users in
Bangkok, Thailand; Letter to the Editor in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 56:5, e133-e135.
43 United Nations. 2001. Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.
45 Presidents Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief. 2010. Comprehensive HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs, Revised Guidance.
46 The Global Fund. 2014. Information Note on Harm Reduction for People Who Inject Drugs.
47 Open Society Foundations & Eurasian Harm Reduction Network. 2010. Why Overdose Matters for HIV.
62

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3

Open Society Foundations

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ()

Organization. 2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing

Photo credit: Backyard Films

in Thailand in J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand, 53:1.

19 Aramrattana, A. 2013. Estimated sizes of Thai injection drug users (IDUs),

presentation at Technical Consultation: Size Estimation of MARPs in Asian Countries.

(Chiang Mai, N = 150)

Ever had overdosed

in Bangkok Thailand, in Harm Reduction Journal, 7:9.

2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.

injection drug users in Thailand.

and care for key populations.

Open Society Foundation

Why Overdose Matters for HIV.

Drug Users Quality of Life Programme.

47 Ozone is PSI Thailand Foundations branded network of DICs serving

the needs of PWID. Ozone operates in 15 of the 19 CHAMPION-IDU

Photo credit: Backyard Films

Countries to Set Targets for Universal Access to HIV

Photo credit: TTAG

Supply and Demand of Naloxone Current Status, Barriers, and

52 PSI. 2013. Intranasal Naloxone Research Brief.

Photo credit: Backyard Films

Changes and Opportunities in Value

Photo credit: TTAG

Staff in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.

Photo credit: Voxiton Images

life-saving heroin antidote (press release).

Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.

Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.

Ever seen or involved with OVD situation?

Ever rescued those who experienced OVD?

* Even no incident please inform

Number of People received OVD screening :

Number of Naloxone distribution*

What kind of Substance that you use before OVD?

Number of Refer to Rescue team or ER from a hospital.

Overall reasons of Not refer are:

Life safer after that

* Peer or Staff in assist to select answers

.---- If your have never experienced OVD please finish----.

What kind of Substance that you use before OVD?

Where did you ever experienced OVD?

For staff or Peer only

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