ACTA MECHANICA SINICA

50

1994

materials. Furthermore, Sosa and Pak [3] have discussed the effect of electric field on the
crack-tip stress field of piezoelectric body by means of three-dimensional~ eigenfunction analysis, where only a special case, i.e., with the crack-tip parallel to the transversal axis of the
media, is considered. But in reality, the piezoelectric components have different geometrical
shapes and work under complex loading conditions. So, it is desirable to develop a truly
three-dimensional solution for piezoelectric materials and to study the associated properties
of three-dimensional crack. The general three-dimensional axisymmetric solution for transversely isotropic piezoelectric media obtained in this paper gives an effective approach to
solve relative simple but widely used three-dimensional problems. A typical application of
the present solution to the penny-shaped crack is presented, from which the mechanicalelectric coupling behavi0ur between the crack-tip stress field and electric displacement field
is found.
II. B A S I C E Q U A T I O N S
In the absence of body forces and free charges, the governing equations in the threedimensional piezoelectricity theory can be expressed as
~ij,j = 0
Di# = 0
orij ~ Cijkl~kl -- e k i j E k

Di = eiklr + ~ikEk
1 u
~ = ~ ( ~,~+ ~,~)

Ei = - ~ , i
where i, j, k, l -- 1, 2, 3. aij, Di, r ui, Ei and 9 are the stress, electric displacement, strain~
displacement, electric field components and electric potential function, respectively, cijkl, ~ij
and ekij are elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants, respectively. Under the most general anisotropic case, the number of independent constants is 45, with 21 in cijkl, 6 in Zij,
and 18 in ekij. For transversely isotropic piezoelectric body, the number of independent
constants is'5-F2+3=10. If we take z axis perpendicular to the isotropic plane and write the
above governing equations in cylindrical coordinat, then ue -- 0 for the three-dimensional
axisymmetric case. Consequently, the governing equations for transveresely isotropic piezoelectric space axisymmetric problem can be written as
0c%

0Tz~

cr~ , ae

o--V+-5;-~ + - - r

-0

O'rz~ Oaz
Tz~
O--V- + -~z + r : 0

(1)

a~ =

ODr
ODz -F --Dr : 0
Or + Oz
r
Ou~
u~
OUz
O~
c11--~r + e~2 T + c13--~z + e317z

ao

Ou~
u~
Ou~
0
c12--~r -Fc11-~-- -Fc13--~z +e31-D-zz

e13~ + e13T + e~3~

Ou~

u~

Ou~

+ e33-~z

(2)1