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Hematopatologija
Hematopatologija
Hematopatologija
MIJELOPROLIFERACIJE
LEUKEMIJE
Inefektivna granulopeoza
- hipogranulirana
- hipergranulirana
- pseudopelger
Inefektivna megakariopoeza
- mikroforme
- hipo, hiper i normogranulirani
- nelobulirane ili hipolobulirane
jezgre
Inefektivna eritropoeza
- megaloblastoidna
- dimorfna
- sideroblasti i siderociti
Refractory anemia
Refractory neutropenia
Refractory thrombocytopenia
Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts
Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia
Refractory anemia with excess blasts
Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated del(5q)
Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable
Childhood myelodysplastic syndrome
Periferna krv
Kotana sr
- refraktorna citopenija
s unilinijskom displazijom
(RCUD)
Uni/bi citopenija
1% blasta
Unilinijska displazija,
<5% blasta, <15% ring
- RARS
Anemija
<5% blasta
eritrodisplazija
>15% ring
- refraktorna citopenija s
multilinijskom displazijom
(RCMD)
citopenija/e
<1%blasta
Uni/multilinijska displazija
<5%blasta, Nema Auera
- RAEB 1
Citopenija/e
<5% blasta
Nema Auera
<1x102L monocita
- -5q
- MDS/NOS
Uni/multilinijska displazija
5-9% blasta
Nema Auera
PERIFERNA KRV:
Leukocitoza, pomak u lijevo
Negativna alkalna fosfataza u leukocitima - APLc
Periferna krv
Blasna kriza
POLICITEMIJA VERA
Kronina MPN, povean broj
eritrocita, neovisno o normalnoj
regulaciji hematopoeze
Gotovo svi - somatska mutacija
Janus 2 kinaza gena (JAK2)
Veliki kriteriji
Hb>18,5g/dL
JAK2
Mali kriteriji
PHD, hipercelularna
Serumski eritropoetin,
normalan ili nii
JAK 2
ESENCIJALNA TROMBOCITEMIJA
Kronina MPN, primarno
megakariocitna linija,
Kotana sr:
normo - do hipercelularna
Megakariocitoza
hiperlobulirani megakariociti
Periferna krv:
brojni trombociti, divovski,
dijelovi jezgara megakariocita
WHO kriteriji
T >450x 109/L, PHD,
iskljuiti ostale MPN, JAK2
Kotana sr:
hipercelularna, umnoena granulopoeza
umnoeni atipini megakariocita
umnoena retikulinska vlakna
umnoeni kolageni traci
atipini megakariociti
Periferna krv:
umnoeni trombociti
mijeloblasti ( 5% do 10%)
fragmenti megakariocita, E poput suza
Citogenetika:
U oko 60% bolesnika trisomija 1, 8, 9 i 21;
monosomija 1; 7q-, 13q- gubitak Y
Acute leukemia
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, NOS
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with recurrent genetic abnormalities
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34;q11.2);BCR-ABL 1
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(v;11q23);MLL rearranged
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(12;21)(p13;q22) TEL-AML1
(ETV6-RUNX1)
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with hyperdiploidy
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with hypodiploidy
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(5;14)(q31;q32) IL3-IGH
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(1;19)(q23;p13.3);TCF3-PBX1
T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Klonalna bolest
nelimfoidne
prekursorske stanice
hematopoeze (mijeloblasti,
promijelociti, monoblasti,
eritroblasti, megakariociti)
MPOX
AUEROV TAPI
NSE
AML - M6 eritroleukemija 5%
KS: >50% eritrocitni prekursora; >30% neeritrocitnih prekursora
mijeloblasta; auerovi tapii +/-, diseritropoeza,
AML - M6 eritroleukemija 5%
GLIKOFORIN
AML - M7 megakariocitna 1%
KS: >30% blasta; >50% stanica slinih megakariocitima.
dg: potrebna imunofenotipizacija
imunofenotip: megakariociti - mijeloidni marker CD33 i
trombocitni glikoproteini CD41, CD61 i CD36, IIb/IIIa
AML
ALL
Prognoza loa:
<2god, MLL 11 kr
Adolescenti
t(9;22)
B ALL, NOS
PREKURSOR B STANINA ALL CITOGENETSKE SUBGRUPE
t(9;22)(a34;q11); BCR/ABL
t(v:11q23); MLL preureenje
t(1;19)(q23;p13) PBX/E2A