Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Aur Urdu Sahafat

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URDU SAHAFAT
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SIR SYED AHMED KHAN


by

Abdul Hai
231, Periyar Hostel, JNU
New Delhi-110067, Mob: 9899572095

year of 1st Edition-2008


ISBN 978-81-8223-458-1
Price Rs.130/-

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EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE


3108, Vakil Street, Kucha Pandit, Lal Kuan,Delhi-6(INDIA)

Ph:23216162, 23214465, Fax : 0091-11-23211540


E-mail: info@ephbooks.com, ephdelhi@yahoo.com
website: www.epbooks.com

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1.A History of Muslim Philosophy part II M. M.
Sharif, Low Price Publications, Delhi. 110052, 1961.
2. Aligarh First Generation, David Lely veld.
Princeton, Jew Jersy
3. The Dynamix of Mass communication, Joseph R.
Dominick, McGrawhill, New York, 1992.
4. Journalism Made Simple, David Wain Wright,
Rupa. Paper Back, Darya Ganj, New Delhi

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Rustomji, India Book House, Pvt. Ltd. Bombay, 1986.

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