DRUG NAME

Amoxicillin trihydrate
Hydralazine
Clindamycin
Ampicillin
hydrochloride
Aminopenicillin
Semisynthetic
Antibiotic
Phthalazine
Lincosamide
aminopenicillin
Pregnancy
Antibacterial
Antibiotic
and
derivative category
B
Pregnancy
category
Antihypertensive,
antiprotozoal
B
vasodilator
antibiotic
Pregnancy category
C
B

MECHANISM OF
ACTION
May bacteria
Inhibits
Kills
act bacterial
protein
in a manner
by binding
cell
that
synthesis
wall
to
and
synthesis.
resembles
inactivating
in susceptible
The
organic
nitrates
bacteria
rigid,
penicillin-binding
cross-linked
and
by binding
sodium
cell
to
nitroprusside,
50S
wall
proteins
subunits
is assembled
on the
of
except
inner
in
that hydralazine
several
bacterial
steps.
ribosomes
cell
wall,
is
selective
and
Ampicillin
weakening
preventing
for
exerts
the
arteries.
peptide
its It:
bond
effects
bacterial
formation,
oncell
wallwhich
and
Exerts
asusceptible
direct
causes
bacteria
causing
bacterial
lysis
in the final
cells
vasodilating
effect
to die
stage
the crosson of
vascular
smooth
linking
process
by
muscle
binding
with and
Interferes
with
inactivating
penicillincalcium movement
binding
proteins
in vascular smooth
(enzymes
muscleresponsible
by altering
for cellular
linking the
cell wall
calcium
strands).
This
action
metabolism
causes
bacterial
cellnot
Dilates
arteries,
lysis
and death
veins,
which
minimizes
orthostatic
hypotension and
increases cardiac
output and cerebral
blood flow.
Causes reflex
autonomic response
that increase heart
rate, cardiac output,
and left ventricular
ejection fraction
Has a positive
inotropic effect on
the heart

INDICATION

To treat
manage
serious
GI
ear,
infections
essential
nose,
hypertension,
respiratory
and
throat,
genitourinary
GU tract,
tract
alone
or with
infections
skin,
soft-tissue
other
caused by
(other
antihypertensives
anaerobes
than
infections
gonorrhea)
caused
such asby
To manage
occur
caused
susceptible
with
by severe
gramessentialandstrains
anaerobic
susceptible
positive
gramhypertension
when
pneumonitis,
of
negative
shigella,
organisms
To
treat
tonsillitis
or
drug
cant
be
taken
empyema,
Salmonella
and
typhi
lung
orally
pharyngitis
or and
when
caused
need
abscess
and
other
species,
those
to reduce
by
streptococcus
caused
Escherichia
byblood
coli,
pressuremirabilis,
pyogenes
is urgent
pneumococci,
proteus
To
treat
lower and
staphylococci,
and
enterococci
To
treat
gonorrhea
respiratory
tract
streptococci
Serious by
skin
and by
infections
caused
caused
susceptible
gramsoft tissue infections
strains
positiv
and
caused
of
non-penicillinaseby gramnegative
organisms.
anaerobes,
producing
Neisseria
To
treat gonorrhea
staphylococci,
gonorrhoeae
and
To
treat
respiratory
and
acute
streptococci
Septicemis
caused
uncomplicated
tract
infections
anogenital
by anaerobes
caused
by and
Intra-abdominal
urethral
infections
susceptible
strains
infections
caused
of
non- by caused by
anaerobes such
susceptible
strains
as
peniccillinaseoccur
of
gram-positive
with intraproducing
abdominal
and
gram-negative
abscess
haemophilus
and peritonitis
organisms.
influenza,
Infection
As
adjunct
ofto
theand
staphylococci,
female pelvis and
eradicate
streptococci,
genital tract caused
Helicobacter
pylori
including
by
to
reduce
anaerobes
risk
of
Streptococcussuch
as occur with
duodenal
ulcer
pneumoniae
To
treat septicemia
endometritis,
recurrence
To
prevent bacterial
nongonococcal
endocarditis
tubo-ovarian before
from
dental,
or
abscess,oral,
pelvic
upper
respiratory
cellulitis, and
tract
procedures
postsurgical
vaginal
To
bacterial
cufftreat
infection

CONTRAINDICATION

Coronary
History
Hypersensitivity
of artery
regional
to
disease
enteritis
any
amoxicillin
penicillin,
or its
Hypertensive
Ulcerative
colitis
to by
infection
components
caused
Antibiotichydralazine or its
penicillinaseassociated
colitis
components
producing
organism
Hypersensitivity
to
Mitral valve disease
clindamycin or
lincomycin

ADVERSE REACTIONS
CNS
Agitation,
Chills, fever,
Fatigue,
headache
Chills,
anxiety,
headache,
fever,
headache,
changes,
CV behavior
peripheral neuritis
malaise
dizziness,
confusion,
Hypotension,
CV insomnia,
reversible
thrombophlebitis
hyperactivity,
EENT
Angina,
Chest
pain,
edema,
edema,
orthostatic
thrombophlebitis
seizures
Glossitis,
metallic or
CV
EENT
hypotension,
unpleasant
taste,
Hypersensitivity
palpitations,
Epistaxis,
stomatitis glossitis,
tachychardia
laryngeal
stridor,
GI vasculitis
EENT
mucocutaneous
Abdominal pain,
Black,
Lacrimation,
hairy tongue;
Nasal
candidiasis,
diarrhea,
congestion
stomatitis,
mucocutaneous
throat
esophagitis, nausea,
GI candidiasis;
tightness
tooth
pseudomembranous
GI
discoloration
Anorexia,
colitis,
vomiting
GI
GU Abdominal
pain,
constipation,
Diarrhea
related
to
diarrhea,related
diarrhea
nausea,
to
Cervicitis,
vaginitis,
vomiting
clostridium
difficile,
and vulvar irritation
RESP
flatulence,
elevated
liver
gastritis,
HEME
nausea,
enzymes,
Dyspnea
Agranuocytosis,
pseudomembranous
hemmorhagic
SKIN
eosinophilia, or
colitis,
pseudomembranous
Blisters,vomiting
flushing,
leucopenia,
GU colitis,
jaundice,
pruritus,
neutropenia,
rash,
dysfunction,
hepatic
Dysuria,
urine
urticaria
thrombocytopenic
nausea
retention,
vaginal
purpura, vomiting
GU
candidiasis
SKIN
Crystalluria,
vaginal
HEME
Irritation,
pruritus,
mycosis
Agranuocytosis,
rash, urticaria
HEME
Anemia,
Agranulocytosis,
eosinophilia,
leucopenia,
anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenic
granulocytosis,
purpura
leucopenia,
SKIN
thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytopenic
Erythema
purpura
multiforme;
Erythematous,

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS
Monitor
Expect
Avoid
Patients
giving
to
CBC,
with
obtain
lupus
a
erythematosus
specimen
ampicillin
mononucleosis
to
for culture
cell
preparation,
and
patients
shouldnt
sensitivity
with
receive
and
ANA titer
testing
mononucleosis
amoxicillin
before
before
because
giving
therapy
first
because
this
class
doseand
of
of drugs
Use
clindamycin
periodically
increased
may
causerisk
an
as of
cautiously
appropriateinduring
rash
erythematous
rash.
Expect
Use
drug
towho
cautiously
givehave a
patients
long-term
history
ampicillin
in
patients
of asthma,
for
with
48 to
treatment.
Anticipate
that
drug
significant
72
hepatic
hoursimpairment.
after
allergies,
may
or
patient
Monitor
GI change
disease;
becomes
hepatic
color
in and
in
solution.
those
asymptomatic.
renal
function
with
Consult
renal
and
For
or
pharmacist
hepatic
streptococcal
CBC,
as dysfunction;
ordered,
if color
in
changes
and
infection,
patients
in elderly
on
expect
or to
Be aware
that
atopic
give
prolonged
ampicillin
patients
therapy.
for at
Dont
give
75and
hydralazine
may
least
Also
use
10 days
cautiously
after
change
150mgcolor
capsules
when
to
cultures
in
breastfeeding
show
and
exposedpatients.
tartarzine-sensitive
to a metal
streptococcal
elderly
Expect
to
start
filter.
patients
eradication
to
Give tablets
Store
oral
solution
therapy
before
reduce
risk
ofwith
food
for
upto
toand
increase
2 fever
weeksorat
culture
rheumatic
bioavailability
room
temperature
sensitivity
test
glomerulonephritis.
Monitor
blood
To
dilute
ampicillin
or
reconstituted
results
are
known.
Be
aware
that
pressure
and
pulse
parenteral
solution
for
I.M. use,
add
rate
regularly
and
for up to 24
chewable
tablets
hours
(depending
on
the at
weigh
patient
room
and
tablets
temperature.
fordaily
oral
manufacturer)
1.2
Give
dose
by
during
therapy
suspension
contain
ml
of I.V.
sterile
water
Check
blood
infusion
only:
dont
phenylalanine
or bacteriostatic
Dont
confuse
pressure
give
bolus
dose.
water
for with
injection
patient
in
lying,
Dilute
amoxicillin
mg
tablets
ofvial,
to
each300
125-mg
sitting,
and
standing
clindamycin
with
amoxicillin
in
50ml
1 ml of diluent to
positions,
watch
of
tablets
diluents
forand
oral
and
give
each
250-mg
vial,
for signs
of
over
suspension.
10ofminutes.
Theyre
1.8
ml
diluent
to
orthostatic
Dilute
not
interchangeable
600 mga
of
each
500-mg
vial,
Monitor
forto
hypotension.
clindamycin
inExpect
100
3.5
ml ofpatient
diluents
orthostatic
superinfection.
If6.8
it
ml
of 1-g
diluents
and
each
vial, or
hypotension
occurs,
expect
to
to
be
give
20 to
ml
ofover
diluents
most 2-g
discontinue
common
drug
in900
the
minutes.
Dilute
each
vial.
morning.
and
provide
During hot
Monitor
patient
mg
of
clindamycin