560314 : 4

( 3 )
.

1.
2.

3.

4.
5.
6.

1.
1.1
1)
/

2)

3)
(Retraction)
4) 2

5)

2
1.2

1.3
2.
2.1 Cilia


1. (Upper respiratory tract infection : URI)
1.1 (Common cold, Acute rhinitis, Coryza)

Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

cell infiltration

3-4
1-2
(), ,

Antihistamine Steroid

1. Antihistamine
Decongestant 3 rebound chemical
rhinitis Antihistamine

2. Penicillin
7-10

45

3
1.2 (Acute Pharyngitis)


3 6-12
- hemolytic streptococci group A
Posterior pharynx (Hyperemia)

1. -hemolytic streptococci (Acute

Glomerulonephritis) (Acute Rheumatic Fever)
2.

ASO titer

1.
2.

Penicillin Erythromycin 10
1.3 (Otitis Media)

Eustachian tube

Pneumococci Hemophilus influenzae -hemolytic streptococci group A.
RSV.

(serous
exudate) Eustachian tube

45

()

1. Ampicillin
2.
3. (Myringotomy)
4.
5. Decongestant Antihistamine
1.4 (Tonsillitis)
9
hemolytic streptococi group A.

Throat swab culture

1.

2.
3.
4. Tonsillectomy

1.
1.1
1.2

45

5
1.3
Antihistamine Decongestant

2.
2.1
2.2

2.3
2.4
3.
3.1 Febrile convulsion
3.2


3.3
4.
4.1
4.2

4.3
2. (Upper airway obstruction)
3 - 3


croup
- (hoarseness)
- (barking cough)
- (inspiratory stridor)
(expiratory stridor)
-

45

6

2.1 Acute Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis
6 3 Parainfluenza, Respiratory
syncytial virus, Influenza
subglottic

1-3
vocal cord subglottic
stridor 3-7
2.2 Acute epiglottitis
3-6 Hemophilus influenzae
supraglottic epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold,
ventricular band

epiglottis

2.3 (Foreign body aspiration)

6 3

(atelectasis) (persistent pneumonia)

(Lung abscess) (bronchiectasis)
Wheeze
rhonchi stridor obstructive emphysema atelectasis
:

45

1.
1.1
1.2
2.

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3. (Lower respiratory tract infection : LRI)
3.1 (Acute bronchitis)

1. (Allergy)
2. (Infection) RSV, Parainfluenza,
Hemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
3. (Chemical irritation)
mucosa
mucous PMN
ciliated

45

2-3

,
Emphysema,
Rhonchi crepitation
Wheezing

1.

2.
3.2 (Acute bronchiolitis)
RSV 6 2

2-3
wheezing
(diminished vesicular breath sound)
Wheezing fine crepitation

overaeration
interstitial infiltration
1.
2.
3.


4.

45

9
3.3 (Pneumonia)
(terminal respiratory bronchiole)

(lobar pneumonia) (bronchopneumonia)

1. 5
2.
2.1 Streptococcus pneumoniae
2.2 Staphylococcus
1
2.3 Hemophilus influenzae 3 3
2.4 Klebsilla Pseudomonas

2.5 Gram negative bacilli E.coli

3. Mycoplasma 5 10-12
4. (Aspirated pneumonia)
5.

Rhonchi Crepitation
1.
2.
3.

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

45

10
2.

()

: Empyema, Plural effusion, Lung abcess, Atelectasis

Lymphocyte

Pneumatocele Staphylococcus aureus Consolidation
streptococcus pneumonia Nodular bronchopneumonia Pathchy infiltration
pseudomonas Interstitial infiltration

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3

1.4
2.

1.
2.

45

11
3.4 (Atelectasis)

1.
2.
3. (surface tension)

mediastinum

1. CPAP (Continuous positiue air way pressure)

PEEP (Positive and expiratory pressure)
2.

3.

4. Surfactant
5.

3.5 (Asthma)





45

12

wheeze

Hyperaeration Eosinophil Serum IgE Skin test

1. Aminophylline
2.
3.
4.
5. Steroid status asthmaticus
6.
7.

1.
1
2 (Febrile convulsion)
2.1 4
2.2

2.3


3.
3.1
3.2
3.3

45

13
4.
4.1

4.2
4.3
5.
5.1
5.2 Respiratory isolation
5.3
5.4 -
6.
6.1
6.2 Aseptic technique
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.
7.1

7.2
73
7.4
7.5
7.6

7.7
8.
8.1
8.2

8.3

45

14

. (2531). :
. : ..
. (2537). . :
.
. (2533). .
:
Whaley, L.F., & Wong, K.L. (1995). Nursing care of infants and children. St.Louis : The
C.V.Mosby company.

45