Bannink, Rienke, et al.

"Cyber And Traditional Bullying Victimization As A Risk Factor For Mental

Health Problems And Suicidal Ideation In Adolescents." Plos ONE 9.4 (2014): 1-7. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 4 July 2015.
This article is about a study performed in the Netherlands. The researchers started the study by
surveying 8272 adolescents about traditional and cyber bullying. They wanted to measure the
risk factors for mental health problems and suicide ideation related to both type of bullying. The
survey was then given two years later. Only 3181 adolescents participated in the second survey.
The results were separated by gender, age, ethnicity, and level of education.
This article was written by researchers for the Department of Health in the Netherlands. I do not
think this article was bias. Based on their research, the results showed traditional bullying
increasing the risk for suicidal ideation. Traditional and cyber bullying showed an increased risk
for mental health problems for girls.
I think this article will be useful for my topic because it shows the risk factor associated with
traditional and cyber bullying. The article contradicts my hypothesis.

CALVOZ, RAUL R., BRADLEY W. DAVIS, and MARK A. GOODEN. "Cyber Bullying And Free
Speech: Striking An Age-Appropriate Balance." Cleveland State Law Review 61.2 (2013): 357389. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 July 2015.
This article begins by listing the names of cyber bullying victims that are deceased. The author
then explains school climate. School is not just for education from teachers, but also
socialization. Students are expected to learn what behavior is acceptable and what behavior is
unacceptable. The author claims it is harder to regulate cyber bullying because of free speech.
Cyber bullying can occur off and on campus potently interrupting the learning environment.
Those concerns do not apply to traditional bullying.
This is a law review article. The authors have given examples of court cases to prove their
points. One point being that free speech does not apply to students because of the relationship
between students and teachers. It is possible the authors are bias. The article is legitimate.
I think this article will be useful in proving that cyber bullying is worse than traditional
bullying. Traditional bullying has black and white consequences. Cyber bullying is harder to
legislate. If the cyber bullying disrupts the school environment, it does not fall under free
speech. It is considered a threat to a student. This is the only article I have that explains how
cyber bullying is not covered under free speech.
Ealy Ed.D, David A. and Evans, Lee. Cyberbullying: What Parents Need to Know. [Amazon Digital
Services], 2015. 5-10. Print.
This book is about cyber bullying. The authors inform parents about cyber bullying. This book
defines cyber bullying. The different roles of individuals involved in cyber bullying are

explained. The authors explain a cyber bullying code and give information about how parents
can crack the code. There are tools for parents explaining prevention and text message slang
that adolescents are using. The book also gives information on what parents can do to resolve
the problem.
I think this is a valid source. It is a new book. The authors seem knowledgeable about the
subject. They do not seem bias. The information is very detailed for such as short book.
This book will be very helpful with my topic because of the different information provided on
the topic. I will be able to use it with my other sources.
Jose, Paul E., et al. "The Joint Development Of Traditional Bullying And Victimization With Cyber
Bullying And Victimization In Adolescence." Journal Of Research On Adolescence (WileyBlackwell) 22.2 (2012): 301-309. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 July 2015.
This article was about the relationships among traditional bullies, cyber bullies, traditional
victims and cyber victims. The beginning of the article explains bullying, cyber bullying, and
traditional bullying. One relationship found by the researchers was that cyber bullies often turn
into cyber bully victims. The term used for that group is a bully victim. The authors also note
that traditional bullies often become cyber bullies. The risk of being bullied online is higher
than being bullied at school. The internet has extended a bully's access to victims.
The legitimacy of this article is explained by the study the researchers of this article conducted.
They surveyed 1774 students in New Zealand over one year. They explained their predictions of
the different relationships. The predictions were evaluated. The article ends with the results.
I think this article will be useful. It shows the relationships between cyber bullying and
traditional bullying. There is one conclusion in the article that does not prove my hypothesis
though. The article implies that traditional bullying is worse than cyber bullying because you
can walk away from the electronic device. This article will work well the rest of my resources to
prove my argument.

Lohmann, Raychelle Cassada. "Cyberbullying versus Traditional Bullying." Psychology Today. 24 May
2012. Web. 4 July 2015. .
This article is about the differences between cyber bullying and traditional bullying. Lohmann
defines both cyber bullying and traditional bullying. She begins by explaining cyber bullying is
taking a joke among teens too far. Technology has become a dangerous vehicle. She defines the
differences between victims, bullies, and witnesses. Often times, a person can play all three
roles. Cyber bullying can occur by using computers, smart phones, and social media. Lohmann
compares letting teens use technology without direction to driving a car without instructions.
There is also an example of a victim's point of view. She ends the article by giving tips for
victims of cyber bullying.
Lohmann is a psychologist who deals with teens. This was written for her blog. This article is
useful because it will help me define cyber bullying and traditional bullying. I may need to use
another article for more characteristics though.

This source is helpful to my topic because it defines the differences between traditional bullying
and cyber bullying. It also gives a victim's point of view of taking an online joke too far. It can
be used with my other resources that define cyber bullying.
nfer, Fulya Cenkseven, and Filiz Yurtal. "An Investigation Of The Family Characteristics Of Bullies,
Victims, And Positively Behaving Adolescents." Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 8.3
(2008): 821-832.Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 July 2015
This article shows the family traits of bullies and victims. The authors conducted a survey of
teacher and peer reporting among adolescents. The authors found a common theme that bullies
and victims have negative views of their families. The authors surveyed communication,
problem solving skills, responsiveness, involvement, and behavior control among families.
This article was written by researchers in Turkey. They surveyed 1713 students. Peer reporting
was used. The authors claim that self reporting is not as effective. The research was performed
because the authors believe that it will help develop bully prevention programs. I do not think
the authors are bias.
I think this article will be useful for my topic because it shows the family characteristics for
bullies and victims. It will help explain why bullying occurs. This can be used with the other
articles I have explaining psychological issues with bullies and victims.
Ortega, Rosario, et al. "The Emotional Impact Of Bullying And Cyberbullying On Victims: A European
Cross-National Study." Aggressive Behavior 38.5 (2012): 342-356. Academic Search Complete.
Web. 11 July 2015.
This article is about the emotions felt by victims of traditional and cyber bullying. The
researchers for this article questioned 5862 adolescents in England, Spain, and Italy. They were
concerned with certain emotions resulting from traditional and cyber bullying. Some emotions
from the survey were angry, upset, stressed, worried, afraid, alone, defenseless, depressed,
embarrassed, and not bothered.
The authors of this article do not seem bias. The study showed some differences between
countries based on possible cultural differences. Spain participants had the highest level of
feeling not bothered. The most common emotion felt for all three countries was anger. The
authors claimed anger is a reaction that violates autonomy.
I think this article will be useful for my topic because it shows the emotional impact traditional
and cyber bullying has on adolescents. This can be used with the other articles relating to
psychological effects of cyber bullying.
NoBullying. The Ultimate Guide on Cyberbullying. NoBullying.com, 2015. 21-23. Print.
This book was written by a website called NoBullying.com. It focuses on informing individuals
about cyber bullying. The book begins with information on why kids bully other kids and who
is doing the bullying. It identifies and describes different bullies. Then it gives advice on how to
deal with each type of bully. The book then explains the characteristics of children who are
bullied. It also describes characteristics of cyber bullies. Then the author describes the impact

bullying will have on a child.

The author does not seem bias. I think it is a legitimate book. There are many examples of
cyber bullying. The author ends the book by giving information on how communities can help
prevent cyber bullying through awareness and action.
This book will work with the rest of my research. It is similar to the other book I found.
"Report Cyberbullying." Report Cyberbullying. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Web.
13 July 2015.
This website is maintained by the U.S. government. It has a large amount of information about
bullying. I used this specific section on the website to find out what the law enforcement was
able to do about someone being cyberbullied.
This website is legitimate. The authors are not listed. It is maintained by the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.
This website will be useful for my topic. It gave me specific information about enforcing laws
against cyber bullies. It will work with the other information I found about laws against cyber
bullying.
Shultz, Emily, Rebecca Heilman, and Kathleen J. Hart. "Cyber-Bullying: An Exploration Of Bystander
Behavior And Motivation." Cyberpsychology 8.4 (2014): 53-70. Academic Search Complete.
Web. 4 July 2015.
This article evaluates the response of bystanders to cyber bullying. The researchers in this
article performed a study with an online conversation. The group for this study was 149 students
that volunteered for research credit at a university. They asked the students to comment on the
conversation. The students were to indicate when they wanted to respond based on the
conversation. If they chose not to respond, the researchers asked a reason. The other factor the
researchers looked for was if bullying occurred in the conversation at all.
The authors of this article do not seem bias. I think it is legitimate. They preformed the study
and analyzed the data to write the article.
I think this article may not be useful for my topic. It did give some characteristics to define
cyber bullying. It stated that the definition of cyber bullying is based on a bystander's judgment
of the situation. This will work with my other articles to explain how bystanders are a big part
of the emotional impact on victims.
Schneider, Shari Kessel, et al. "Cyberbullying, School Bullying, And Psychological Distress: A
Regional Census Of High School Students." American Journal Of Public Health 102.1 (2012):
171-177. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 July 2015.
This article showed the findings of a survey given to 20,000 high school students in
Massachusetts to show the psychological distress of teenagers being bullied at school, on the
internet, and a combination of both. The results were shown for gender, age, race, sexual
orientation, and school performance. Most of the results showed a higher percentage of students

being bullied on the internet rather than just at school. The percentage for students being bullied
at school and on the internet was even higher. The psychological distress had that same
characteristics for all groups.
This article was written by a group of authors from Health and Human Development Division,
Education Development Center in Newton Waltham, MA. The authors do not seem bias. It is a
legitimate source.
I think this article will be useful for my topic because it shows a high percentage of
psychological distress for cyber bullying. I can use it with the other articles relating to
psychological issues for cyber bully victims.
Stover, Del. "Treating Cyberbullying As A School Violence." Education Digest 72.4 (2006): 4042. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 July 2015.
This article is about the growing concern that cyber bullying is affecting children at school.
Stover gives examples of cyber bullying and how common it is. The article gives examples of
the effects of cyber bullying on certain children exposing how bad cyber bullying is.
Stover is a journalist for School Board News. I don't think that Stover is bias. This article was
written for educators in middle and high schools. It is legitimate.
I think this article will be useful for my research topic because it proves that cyber bullying is a
school violence. It is similar to other articles I have found. One of the main reasons cyber
bullying is worse than traditional bullying is explained in this article. This article can be used
with other information I found about how schools deal with cyber bullying.
Willard, Nancy. "Cyber Bullying | Violence Prevention Works." Cyber Bullying | Violence Prevention
Works. Hazelden Publishing, 2015. Web. 4 July 2015.
Willard begins this article by defining cyber bullying. She lists the characteristics of cyber
bullying. One characteristic is the that the cyber bully is often unidentified. This allows the
bully to terrorize the victim without being face to face. Victims of traditional bullying are
subjected to the bullying in person, often at a specific time of day at school. Willard explains
that cyber bully victims are not able to avoid the interaction. She also claims victims will often
not reveal their problems to parents, because most parents will take away their electronics,
hoping to remove the bully's access to the victim. Willard lists the forms and characteristics of
cyber bullying.
Willard is listed on this website as working for the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet
Use. This website offers continuing education courses, prevention of cyber bullying curriculum
and information about violence prevention. I do not think Willard is bias.
This article will be useful for my topic because it gives more characteristics of cyber bullying
than the article titled Cyber Bullying Verses Traditional Bullying. I will use both sources to
define cyber bullying. The Cyber Bullying Verses Traditional Bullying article gives a victim's
point of view. This article is mostly facts. This article can be used most of my other research to
define cyber bullying.