Unit 5

What do I need to know for this unit?

Learning Objective

Describe the structure and function of DNA (including

DNA replication and Protein Synthesis) and discuss
recent discoveries related to DNA structure and function.

Textbook:
Discover Biology (6th Ed):
Ch 11 DNA & Genes
Ch 12 From Genes to Proteins
Ch 13 DNA Technology
Discover Biology (5th Ed):
Ch 14 DNA & Genes
Ch 15 From Genes to Proteins
Ch 16 DNA Technology
Discover Biology (4th Ed):
Ch 12 DNA
Ch 13 From Genes to Proteins
Ch 15 DNA Technology
OpenStax:
Unit 3 Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
OLI:
Unit 8 Molecular Genetics

Review Questions:
1. What do the letters DNA stand for? What do the letters RNA stand for?
2. Draw a nucleotide. Label and give a function for: the sugar, the phosphate, the
nucleotide base.
3. Draw a double helix that shows how nucleotides in a single strand are linked
together and how the two strands of nucleotides are linked to each other.
4. What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA? Focus on:
A. Which sugar is used by each.
B. What nucleotide bases are used by each.
C. How many strands each has.
5. Explain DNA replication. (You do not need to know the names of any enzymes).
6. Define transcription. Define translation.
7. Explain the process of transcription.
Include: DNA, RNA polymerase, RNA, RNA processing, nucleus, cytoplasm.
8. Which types of cells do RNA processing? Which types do not?
9. Explain the process of translation. Include:
A. codon, anticodon, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, ribosome,
B. start codon, stop codon, amino acids, protein
10. Given the following sequence of DNA: T T A C A G G T C A A T T
A. Give the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA
B. Give the sequence of the mRNA strand from the GIVEN DNA stand
C. Give the sequence of the tRNA
D. Give the sequence of the protein
11. Are mutations always bad?
A. What are 2 causes of mutations?
B. What is a silent mutation?
C. What is a missense mutation?
D. What is a frameshift mutation?

Will adding or removing 1 amino acid cause a frameshift? Why or why not?
Will adding or removing 2 amino acids cause a frameshift? Why or why not?
Will adding or removing 3 amino acids cause a frameshift? Why or why not?