BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

ANSUMAN SHARMA 109ee0305

Department of ELECTRICAL Engineering, NIT Rourkela
ABSTRACT
The conventional dc motor uses
brushes and commutator which
are subject to wear and require
maintenance. When the function
of commutator and brushes were
implemented by solid state
switches, maintenance free
motors were realised.
These motors are known as
brushless dc motor. The
brushless dc motor is a motor
drive system consisting of an ac
motor, solid state inverter and a
rotor position sensor. This motor
has a very high efficiency and
widely used now a days.

INTRODUCTION
The brushless dc motor are
synchronous motors which are
powered by a dc electric source
via an integrated inverter, which
produces an ac electric signal to
drive the motor, additional
sensors to control inverter
output. The rotor is a permanent
magnet while stator is armature
winding. The commonly used
rotor position sensors are Hall
effect sensor and electro optical
sensor.

HOW IT WORKS
Disassembled view of BLDC
motor

Brushless dc motors incorporates

some means to detect the rotor
position (or magnetic poles) to
produce signals to control the
electronic switches . The most
common position/pole sensor is
the Hall element, but some
motors use optical sensors.
1.Halls Sensors sense the
position of the coils.
2.The Decoder Circuit turns
appropriate switches on and off.
3.The voltage through the
specific coils turns the motor.

The trick of operation in BLDC

motors is the Hall sensor that is
attached to the stator. It faces
the magnets perpendicularly
and can distinguish if the North
or South pole is in front of it.
The Hall sensor is this little
component under the right
electromagnet. When it senses
the South pole, it keeps the
coils turned off. When the
sensor senses no magnetic field
(or could be also the South
pole), then it turns on the coils.
The coils have both the same
magnetic polarity which is
North. So they pull the opposite
pole and torque is then created.

APPLICATIONS
1.Laser Printer

2. Consumer Electronics
3. Medical Field
4. Industrial Machinery
.

5. Airplanes
6. Vehicles

DISCUSSION
Comparision between
conventional dc motor and
BLDC.
1. Increased Reliabililty &
Efficiency of BLDC than dc
motor.
2. Longer Life of BLDC .
3. Elimination of Sparks from
Commutator in BLDC.
4. Faster Rate of Voltage &
Current from BLDC.
5. Requires Complex Drive
Conclusion
Circuitry, so BLDC is costlier
than normal motor.
BLDC motors have longer life and
can run at speed more than
conventional DC motor. These
motors are very small and
compact in size and are easy to
handle. In near future if the
ratings of the brushless dc
motor is increased they may be
used more widely and also can
find applications in traction
systems.

Reference

[1]Dr P.S. Bimbhra, Generalized

Theory Of Machines .
[2]T. Kenjo, Permanent magnet
and brushless dc motors