Chng 4: HE TUAN T

I. Gii thieu:
He tuan t la he ma ngo ra khong ch
phu thuoc vao cac ngo vao ma con phu
thuoc vao 1 so ngo ra c hoi tiep tr
thanh ngo vao thong qua phan t nh.
Ngo
Ngo ra
CON
vao
(OUTPUT
G
(INPUT)
)
LOGIC
PHAN T
NH

Phan t nh thng s dung la Flip_Flop.

He tuan t c chia thanh 2 loai:
- He tuan t ong bo
(Synchronous)
- He tuan t bat ong bo
1
(Asynchronous)

ach Chot (Latch) va Flip-Flop (FF):

Latch (chot): la mach tuan t ma no
lien tuc xem xet cac ngo vao va lam
thay oi cac ngo ra bat c thi iem
nao khong phu thuoc vao xung clock.
Flip_Flop: la mach tuan t ma no
thng lay mau cac ngo vao va lam
thay oi cac ngo ra tai nhng thi
iem xac nh bi xung clock.

Cac mach chot va FF co 2 ngo ra Q

va Q. Hai ngo ra nay co gia tr logic
la bu cua nhau.

1. Cac mach chot:

Bang hoat ong:

a. Chot SR:
co 2 loai
* Cong NOR:

R
(rese
t)

S
(set)

Q+ Q+

0
Q Q
0
0
1
0
Cam
0
1
Q
s dung
1
0
0
Q+ la trang
thai ke tiep c
1
1 hieu:
Ky
Q

Q
3

Bang hoat ong:

* Cong NAND:

S
S
(set)

R
(rese
t)

Q+ Q+

Cam
1
0
s dung
1
0
0
0
Q
1 Q
1
1
0
1Ky hieu:
1
S

b. Chot SR co ngo vao cho phep:

S
(set)

C
(enabl
e)
R
(rese
t)
Bang hoat
C
S
0 RX
X
1
0
0
1
0

ong:
Q+ Q+
Q
Q
Q
0
1
1
0

Ky hieu chot SR co
cho phep tch
S

C
R

* Khao sat gian o xung:

S
R
C
Q
(Cho Q ban
au la 0)

Ky hieu chot SR co ngo vao cho phep tch

S

C
R

C S R Q+ Q+
Q
1
X
Q
X
Q
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0

c. Chot D:
D
(set)

C
(enabl
e)

Ky hieu chot D:
D
C

Q
Q

Bang hoat ong:

C

0
1X

Q+

Q+

Q
0

0
1

1
1

2. Flip_Flop (FF):
Trang thai ke tiep cua ngo ra FF se
thay oi theo ngo vao va trang thai trc
o cua ngo ra tai thi iem thay oi cua
xung clock (canh len hoac canh xuong)
X

CK

CK

Xung clock canh

Xung clock
xuong
canhac
len tnh va phng
* Bang
trnh ac tnh:
Bieu dien moi quan he cua ngo ra ke
tiep Q+ phu thuoc vao cac ngo vao va
* Bang
kch
thch:
trang
thai
ngo
ra hien tai Q.
Bieu dien gia tr cua cac ngo vao
can phai co khi ta can ngo ra chuyen t
trang thai hien tai Q sang trang thai ke 8
+

a. Flip_Flop D (D-FF):
Bang hoat ong:
D
CK

Q
Q

CK

0, 1,
X
0

Q+

Khong thay o

0
1
1
0

D
CK

Q
Q

CK

0, 1,
X
0
1

Q+

Q+

Q+

Khong thay o

0
1
1
0

* Khao sat gian o xung:

C
K
D
Q
(Cho Q ban
au la 0)

* Bang ac tnh va
* Bang kch

phng trnh ac tnh:

thch:
Q
D
D Q
Q+
0Q+
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
Q
=
0D =
0

10

b. Flip_Flop T (T-FF):
Bang hoat ong:
T
CK

Q
Q

T
0

Q
Q

CK

* Bang ac tnh va
* Bang kch

phng trnh ac tnh:

1
thch:
T Q
Q+
Q
T
0
0
0Q+
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
+
Q0
= T
T0 = Q
Q
Q+

11

c. Flip_Flop SR (SR-FF):
* Bang hoat
ong:
S R
Q+
S
Q
S
Q
0
Q
CK
CK
0
0
1
0
R
Q
R
Q
X
1
1
* Bang ac tnh va
0 tnh:

phng trnh ac
* Bang kch
1
S R
Q+
thch:
1
Q
S
0 Q0
0
0
1
0Q+
0R X
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
0
1
+
Q = S +
0
1
X
1
RSQR = 0
1
X
0

12

d. Flip_Flop JK (JK-FF):
* Bang hoat
ong:
J K
Q+
J
Q
J
Q
0
Q
CK
CK
0
0
1
0
K
Q
K
Q
Q
1
1
* Bang ac tnh va
0 tnh:

phng trnh ac
* Bang kch
1
J K
Q+
thch:
1
Q
J
K
0 Q0
0
0
1
0Q+
0
X
0
0
0
1
X
0
1
0
X
1
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
13
+
Q = JQ +
1
0
0

13

e. Cac ngo vao bat ong bo:

- Cac ngo vao nay se lam thay oi
gia tr ngo ra tc thi, bat chap xung
clock.
- Co 2 ngo vao vao bat ong bo: Preset

(Pr) va Clear (Cl).

+ Khi ngo vao Preset tch cc th ngo ra Q
+ Khi ngo vao Clear tch cc th ngo ra Q

Pr Q

CK
K Cl Q

Pr Q

CK
K Cl Q

+ Khi ngo vao Preset va Clear

khong tch cc th FF mi hoat
ong.

14

. Bo em (COUNTER):
1. Gii thieu:
- Bo em la he tuan t co 1 ngo
vao xung clock va nhieu ngo ra. Ngo ra
cua bo em chnh la ngo ra cua cac
Flip-Flop
boem
em.
- Noicau
dungthanh
cua bo
tai 1 thi iem
goi la trang thai cua bo em. Khi co
xung clock vao bo em se chuyen trang
thai t 1 trang thai hien tai chuyen sang 1
trang
thai
ke
tiep.thai
C tiep tuc nh vay
- Gian
o
trang
se tao
1 vong em khep kn.Q Q Q
cua
bora
em:
2 1 0
Bieu dien cac
00
trang thai co trong
0
vong em va hng
11
10
Modulo
cua
bo
chuyen trang thai cua
0
0
em:
bo em.
La so cac trang
01
01
thai khac nhau trong
15
0
1
n

- Bo em noi tiep (bo em bat

ong bo): la bo em ma ngo ra cua
FF trc se la ngo vao xung clock cho FF
sau.
- Bo em song song (bo em ong
bo): la bo em ma ngo vao xung clock
2. Bo
em
tiep noi
(Asynchronous
:
cua
cacnoi
FF c
chung vi Counter):
nhau.
- Bo em noi tiep thc hien cac vong
em len hoac xuong:
+ em len (Count Up): noi dung bo
em tang them 1 khi co xung clock.
+ em xuong (Count Down): noi dung
bo
em
giam
i 1tao
khi t
cocac
xungFF
clock.
- Bo
em
c
em 2,
ghep noi tiep vi nhau.
1

CK
CK

16

a. Bo em ay u (m = 2n):
* Ghep Cki+1 = Qi
Q1

Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB

C
CK
CK
CK
Q
Q
Q
K
Khao sat gian o
xung:
ay
la bo em len (Count Up
C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB

17

Q1

Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB

CK

CK
1

CK
Q

CK
Q

la bo em xuong (Count
Khao sat gian o xung:
Down)
C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB

18

* Ghep Cki+1 = Qi
+ Bo em xuong (Count
Down):
Q0(LSB
Q1
1

CK

CK
1

Q2(MSB
)

CK
1

CK
1

+ Bo em len (Count Up):

Q1
Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB
)

C
K

CK

CK

CK

19

b. Bo em khong ay u (m 2n):
- Bo em khong ay u thc hien da
vao bo em ay u.
Ta can xac nh trang thai ke tiep khong
- Dung
trang
nay
ekhong
tao ra ay
tn hieu
mong
muon
cuathai
vong
em
u.
tac ong tch cc vao cac ngo vao bat
ong bo Preset hoac Clear e a bo em
tr ve trang thai ban au (thng gi la
Vd: S
dung
T-FF co xung clock canh xuong
trang
thai
reset).
va ngo vao Preset, Clear tch cc cao; thiet ke
bo em len co m = 5 va bt au t gia tr 0.
Q2 Q1
Ta gi Z la tn hiu reset b
Z
0 Q00
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
1
X
X

Z Q 2Q

0
0 0

Q01

0
1

1 1
1
X 0
X

Z = Q2

1
20

Q0(LSB

Q1

Q2(MSB

C
K

Pr Q

CkCl Q

Pr Q

Ck Cl Q

Khao sat gian o xung:

Pr Q

CkCl Q

C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB

21

Q2 Q1
clock canh xuong va ngo vao
0 Q01
Pr, Cl tch cc thap; thiet ke
0
bo em xuong co m = 5 va
0
0
bt au t gia tr 2.
1
Tn hiu reset:Z = Q2 (tch cc thap)
0
0
0
Q1
1
1 Q (MSB
Q0(LSB
Q1
2
)

CK

Pr

CK
1

K Cl Q

Pr

CK
1

K Cl Q
1

1
)
1
1
1 0
1
0
Pr 1
J
Q

CK
1

Cl

3. Bo em song song (Synchronous Counter): :

- La bo em ma cac FF eu s dung
chung nguon xung clock; khi co xung clock vao
th tat
cac
ngo
FF eu
oi.
- Khica
thiet
ke
bora
em,
chthay
quan
tam
en trang thai hien tai va trang thai ke
tiep cua FF, ma khong quan tam en dang
xung clock (canh len hoac canh xuong).
- Co the thiet ke bo em co vong em
Bang ham kch thch:
* D-FF:
D =
Q+
* T-FF:
T = Q
Q+

* SR-FF * JK-FF
Q

Q+

0
0
0
1
1

S
0
1
0
X

R
X
0
1
0

J
0
1
X
X

K
X
X
1
0
23

Cac bc thiet ke:

t bieu bai toan xac nh so FF s dung va da

- Lap bang chuyen trang thai ch ro moi
quan he gia trang thai hien tai va trang
thai ke tiep (da vao day em).
T/t hien
T/t ke tiep
Cac
tai
Q+n-1 Q+1
ngo
Qn-1 Q1
vao FF
Q+ 0
Q0
0

0
- Tm cac gia tr ngo vao FF can phai co
t gia tr hien tai Qi va ke tiep Q+i cua
1 1
tng
FF
(da
vaorut
bang
kch
thch
cua
FF).vao
- Tm bieu
thc
gon
cua
moi
ngo
1
FF phu thuoc vao cac bien trang thai hien
tai.
24
Thc hien s o logic.

a. Bo em ay u (m = 2n):
Vd: S dung T-FF kch theo canh len,
thiet ke bo em co day em sau: Q2Q1Q0 :
010, 101, 110, 001, 000, 111, 100, 011, 010,
T/t
hien
0 tai
0
Q2 Q01
0 Q0
0

T/t ke
tiep
+
+
1Q 2 Q
1 1
Q+1
0

0
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0T2
1

0
0

=1 Q0

0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0

Cac
ngo
1 vao
1 1
0T2 0T1 1
1 T
1 1
0
0
1
0
1
0

0
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

T1 = Q0 +
Q2

T2 Q 2Q

0 0
0 0
1 1
1

1
1
1

1
0
1

0 0
0 0
1 1
1

1
1
1

1
0
1

Q0 1

1
T1 Q 2Q
Q0 1

T0 = 1
25

T2 = Q0

T1 = Q0 +
Q2
Q1

Q2(MSB)

T2

T1

C
K

CK2

Q
2

T0 = 1

Q0(LSB

T0

CK1

Q
1

Q
0

CK0

Q
0

26

b. Bo em khong ay u (m < 2n):

Cac trang thai co trong vong em
se thiet ke nh bo em ay u; con
cac trang thai d khong co trong vong
* Cach
1: Cac
trang
thai
d co
trang
em
se giai
quyet
theo
2 cach
sau:
thai ke tiep la tuy nh. Khi thiet ke can
khi ong gia tr ban au cho bo em;
gia tr nay phai la 1 trong nhng trang
Vd: Thiet ke bo em
thai co trong vong em.
dung D-FF canh len, co
T/t
T/t ke
hien
tiep
ngo vao Pr va Cl tch
+
+
cc cao, co gian o
0 tai
0
1Q 2 Q
0 1
Q2 Q01
trang thai
Q2Qsau:
Q+0
1Q0
0
0 Q0
X
X
00
0
1
X
0
0
1
1
1
11
10
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
01

01

1
0
0

0
D
2

0
D11
1

D027

D2 = Q2
Q0

D2 Pr Q

D1 = Q2
Q1

Q2(MSB)

Ck2Cl

Q
2

RS

Q0(LSB

D1 Pr Q

D0 Pr Q

C
K

D0 = Q2
Q1
Q1

Ck1Cl

Q
1

Ck0Cl

Q
0

28

vong em co trang thai ke tiep la 1

trong nhng trang thai co trong vong
em.
Q2Q1Q0
00
00
1
0
11
10
10
0
0
1
11
1
T/t
hien
0 tai
0
Q2 Q01
0 Q0
0
0
0

1
1
0
1
1

T/t ke
tiep
+
+
1Q 2 Q
0 1
Q+0
0
1
1
0

1
0
1
0
1
0

01
0

01
1
Cac
ngo
1 vao
0 0
1T2 1T1 1
1 T
0 0
0
0
1
0
1
0

0
1
0
1
1

1
1
1
0
1

T2 = Q0 + Q2
Q1
T1 = Q2 (Q1
Q0)
T0 = Q0 + Q2
Q1

29

han tch- bo
T em
s osong
logicsong:
cua bo em xac nh
ham kch thch (bieu thc cua cac ngo
vao cua tng FF phu thuoc vao cac ngo
ra Qi) - Lap bang trang thai: t trang thai
hien tai Qi va gia tr ngo vao ta xac nh
c trang thai ke tiep cua FF Q+i.
- T bang chuyen trang thai xac
nh c gian o trang thai hoac khao
sat gian o xung cua bo em.
QC
QB
QA

JA

QA

CK

CK
1

KA

JB

JC

QB

CK
QA

KB

QC

CK
QB

KC

QC
30

JA = QB QC
KA = 1
JB = QA QC
KB = Q A +
JC = QA
QC
KC = 1

T/t
hien
0 tai
0
QA Q0B
0 Q0
C
0
0
1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
0
0
10
0
11
1
0
1
101

Cac ngo vao

JA KA JB KB JC
0 1
0KC0 1 1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
0

11
0

1
1
1
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0
1
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0

11
1

00
QA0QBQC

01

1
0
1
1
1
1
1

T/t ke
tiep
Q+A0Q+B1
0
0 Q
1+ 0
C

01

00
1
31

IV. Bo em thanh ghi dch (Shift Register Counter)

1. Bo em vong (Ring Counter):
Q2
Q
Q
1

D2 Pr Q

D1

Ck

C
K
RS

Q
2

C
K
Q2
Q1
Q0

D0

Q
1

Ck Cl

Q
0

CkCl

Q
1

Q
0

Clock
1
2
3

Q2 Q1 Q0
1
0
0

0
1
0

0
0
1
32

2. Bo em vong xoan (Twisted-ring Counter):

bo em Johnson
Q2
Q
Q
1

D2

D1

C
K
RS
C
K
Q2
Q1
Q0

CkCl

Q
2

D0

Ck Cl

CkCl

Q
1

Q
0

Clock Q2 Q1 Q0
1
2
3
4
5
6

0
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
1
0

0
0
0
1
1
1
33

V. Thanh ghi dch (Shift Register):

La thanh ghi ma d lieu cua no c
dch 1 bit moi xung clock
1. Thanh ghi dch nhap noi tiep - xuat noi ti
SERIN

Ck

CK

Ck

Ck

SEROUT

2. Thanh ghi dch nhap noi tiep xuat song s

1Q
SERIN

CK

Ck

2Q
D

Ck

nQ
D

Ck

Q
34

3. Thanh ghi dch nhap song song - xuat noi ti

SERI
N 1D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

2D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

nD
SHIFT /
LOAD CLOCK

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

Q
Q

SEROUT

35

4. Thanh ghi dch nhap song song - xuat song s

SERI
N 1D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

2D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

nD
SHIFT /
LOAD CLOCK

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

1Q

Q
Q

2Q

nQ

36

IC 74193

SIPO (74ALS164)

PISO (74HC165)