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Phn ny m t cch RPL pht hin ra v duy tr cc tuyn ng hng ln. N m t vic s
dng cc thng tin DODAG Objects (Dios), cc ip c s dng pht hin v duy tr cc
ng bay. n ch nh cch RPL to v p ng Dios. N cng m t DODA, Thng tin mi
thu (DIS) thng ip, c s dng kch hot Truyn DIO. Nh cp mc 3.2.8, cc
nt rng quyt nh tham gia mt iu khon DODAG PHI t nht mt DODAG cha m nh
l mt tuyn ng mc nh cho cc V d lin quan. Tuyn ng mc nh ny cho php
mt gi tin n c chuyn hng ln cho n khi n cui cng truy cp mt t tin chung
t m n s c chuyn i xung n ch. Nu cc ch khng trong DODAG, sau vo
th mc gc DODAG c th chuyn tip cc gi tin bng cch s dng kt ni vi bn ngoi
ca cc DODAG; nu n khng th chuyn tip cc gi tin bn ngoi, sau vo th mc gc
DODAG phi th n. Mt tin nhn DIO cng c th vn chuyn thng tin nh tuyn r rng:
DODAGID: Cc DODAGID l mt a ch IPv6 ton cu hay a phng c o ca root.
Mt nt tham gia mt d DODAG nn mt tuyn ng chuyn thng qua mt ph huynh
DODAG n a ch c s dng bi cc gc nh DODAGI, RIO Prefix: Cc gc TH t
mt hoc nhiu ty chn Route Thng tin trong mt tin nhn DIO. RIO c s dng
qung co bn ngoi con ng c th truy cp thng qua cc gc, lin kt vi mt u
tin, nh trnh by trong phn 6.7.5, trong kt hp RIO t [RFC4191]. N c hiu nh
l mt kh nng ca gc nh tri ngc vi mt qung co nh tuyn, v n cm c phn
phi trong mt giao thc nh tuyn mc d n nn c s dng bi mt s xm nhp inh
tuyn cua RPL chn mt DODAG khi mt gi c tim trong mt min RPL t mt nt
gn vo b nh tuyn RPL. Mt chc nang mc tiu C TH s dng cc tuyn ng
qung co ti RIO hoc u tin cho nhng tuyn ng ng h mt DODAG so vi mt
s khc cho cng mt v d.
8.1. Quy tc c c ca DIO
1. i vi cc lnh vc c s ca DIO , mt nt ci m khng phi l mt DODAG gc ch
khng phi l qung co gi tr ging nh DODAG m a thch ca mnh (Quy nh ti mc
8.2.1). Bng cch ny, cc gi tr ny s tuyn truyn Down the DODAG khng thay i v
c qung co bi mi nt s c mt con ng m gc DODAG. Nhng lnh vc
nh sau:
1. Grounded (G)
2. Phng thc hot ng (MOP)
3. DAGPreference (PRF)
4. Version
5. RPLInstanceID
6. DODAGID
3. Cc lnh vc DODAGID mi b r phi l duy nht trong khong cch ca RPL v phi
l mt a ch IPv6 c th nh tuyn thuc h thng gc
8.2. S khm ph cc inh tuyn tr ln v s duy tr ca n
Khm ph cc inh tuyn tr ln cho php mt nt tham gia vo mt DODAG bng cch
khm ph nhng g lin quan ci m thuc thnh vin ca DODAG quan tm v xc nh mt
t ca cha m. Cc chnh sch chnh xc cho vic la chn cc nc lng ging v cha m l
thc hin ph thuc v thc y bi s OF. iu ny gp phn xc nh tp cc quy tc cc
chnh sch phi tun theo kh nng tng tc.
8.2.1. Hng xm v ph huynh trong mt phin bn DODAG
Cc thut ton pht hin ng hng ln RPL v ch bin trong iu kin ca ba b hp l
ca cc nt link-local. u tin, cc ng c vin hng xm tp l mt tp hp con ca cc nt
m c th t c thng qua cc mi gn kt multicast a phng. Vic la chn cc thit
lp ny l thc hin v OF ph thuc. Th hai, cc m t l mt tp hp con b hn ch
ca ng c vin hng xm t. Cui cng, ph huynh a thch l mt thnh vin ca tp cha
m l a thch cc bc k tip trong tuyn ng hng ln.
V mt khi nim, cc ph huynh a thch l mt ngi m c thn; mc d, n c th l
mt tp hp ca nhiu ph huynh nu cc bc cha m l nh nhau a thch v c Rank ging
ht nhau.
Chnh xc hn:
1. nhng b DOAG PHI l mt tp hp con ca cc ng c vin CA CC B ln cn.
2. Mt DODAG gc phi c mt DODAG m ci m l tp hp cc kch thc bng khng.
3. Mt nt khng phi l mt gc DODAG c th duy tr mt ph huynh tp
DODAG kch thc ln hn hoc bng mt.
4. M ci nt u tin phi l thnh vin ca DODAG
Sau mt nt chuyn tip thnh v qung b mt DODAG Version mi, quy tc trn lm cho
n khng th qung co trc DODAG Version (DODAGVersionNumber trc) mt khi
n cam kt qung b mi DODAG Version.
8.2.2.2 ng. DODAG Roots
1. Mt DODAG gc khng c kh nng p ng cc application-Mc tiu c xc nh
KHNG PHI thit lp cc bit Grounded.
2. Mt DODAG gc PHI qung co mt Rank ca ROOT_RANK.
3. Mt nt c DODAG m tp rng C TH tr thnh gc DODAG ca mt DODAG ni.
N cng c th t DAGPreference ca n nh vy m n t a thch.
Trong trin khai c s dng cc lin kt khng LLN lin hip mt s LLN r, n c th
chy trn RPL nhng lin kt khng RPL v s dng mt router nh mt "xng sng root".
Cc gc xng sng l gc r o ca DODAG v phi by mt Rank ca BASE_RANK trn
xng sng. Tt c r LLN c parented cho rng gc r xng sng, bao gm c cc ng
trc gc nu n cng phc v nh l gc LLN thn, phi by mt Rank ca ROOT_RANK n
LLN. Nhng r o l mt phn ca cng mt DODAG v qung b cng DODAGID. H phi
hp DODAGVersionNumbers v cc thng s DODAG khc vi th mc gc o trn xng
sng. Phng php phi hp l ra khi phm vi cho c im k thut ny (c xc nh
trong tng lai ng thng s k thut).
Khi mt tin nhn DIO c nhn, cc nt tip nhn phi u tin xc nh c hay khng cc
thng ip DIO nn c chp nhn cho x l tip, v sau trnh by s ip cho DIO tip
tc x l nu iu kin.
1. Nu nhn DIO b thay i, sau tin nhn DIO khng phi l iu kin tip tc x l
v mt nt phi m thm b n. (Xem phn 18 li ng nhp).
2. Nu ngi gi tin nhn DIO l thnh vin ca cc ng c vin b xm v thng ip DIO
l khng d hnh, nt PHI x l DIO.
8.2.3.1. DIO nhn ch bin
Khi hp DIO nhn c t cc nc lng ging ng c vin, nhng ngi hng xm c th
c thc y cha m DODAG bng cch lm theo cc quy tc ca DODAG pht hin nh
m t trong Phn 8.2. Khi mt nt t mt ngi hng xm vo ph huynh tp DODAG, nt
tr nn gn lin vi DODAG thng qua cc nt cha mi DODAG.
Ph huynh a thch nht nn c s dng hn ch m khc nt c th tr thnh cha m
DODAG. Mt s cc nt trong cc ph huynh tp DODAG c th c mt Rank t hn hoc
bng vi DODAG a thch nht cha m. (Trng hp ny c th xy ra, v d, nu mt hn ch
nng lng thit b l mt Rank t hn nhng nn trnh mi mt ti u ha, Mc tiu, kt qu
l mt ph huynh a thch nhiu hn mt Rank cao hn.)
8.S chuyn giao ca DIO
Nt RPL truyn Dios s dng mt b m thi gian gin [RFC6206]. Mt DIO t mt
ngi gi vi mt DAGRank t m khng gy nhng thay i trong thit lp ca ngi nhn
cha, m a thch, hoc Rank NN coi ph hp i vi cc b m thi gian tia nc vi.
Cc gi d liu v cc s kin sau y phi c coi l mu thun
i vi cc b m thi gian gin, v vi b m thi gian gy ra tia nc thit lp li:
o Khi mt nt pht hin s khng thng nht khi chuyn tip mt gi tin, nh chi tit trong
Phn 11.2.
o Khi mt nt nhn c mt tin nhn DIS multicast m khng c mt s thu ht
la chn thng tin, tr khi mt l c DIS hn ch hnh vi ny.
o Khi mt nt nhn c mt DIS multicast vi mt thng tin dduojc thu ht la chn v
cc nt ph hp vi tt c cc v t trong cc la chn thng tin, tr khi mt l c DIS hn ch
hnh vi ny.
lng lin kt c sn vi mt ngi hng xm ng c vin trc khi n cho rng ng c vin
l ph huynh DODAG.
8.5. Hot ng nh mt l Node
Trong mt s trng hp, mt nt RPL c th nh km vo mt DODAG nh l mt nt l
ch. Mt v d v mt trng hp nh vy l khi mt nt khng hiu hoc khng h tr (chnh
sch) ca cc RPL Instance ca qung co hoc s liu / hn ch. Theo quy nh ti mc 18.6,
lin quan n chnh sch chc nng, cc nt, hoc c th tham gia cc DODAG nh l mt nt
l hoc c th khng tham gia DODAG. Nh cp trong Mc 18.5, l sau khuyn
khch ng nhp mt li.
Mt nt l khng m rng kt ni DODAG; Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp, cc nt l
vn c th cn phi truyn Dios . c bit, khi cc nt l c th khng lun lun c hot
ng nh mt nt l v s khng thng nht c pht hin.
Mt nt hot ng nh l mt nt l phi tun theo cc quy tc sau y:
1. N KHNG PHI truyn Dios cha DAG Metric Container.
2. Dios PHI qung co mt DAGRank ca INFINITE_RANK.
3. N C TH n p truyn DIO, tr khi vic truyn DIO c c kch hot do pht hin
khng thng nht khi mt gi tin l c chuyn tip hoc phn ng vi tin DIS unicast, trong
trng hp vic truyn DIO KHNG PHI c dp tt.
4. N C TH truyn DAO unicast nh c m t trong Phn 9.2.
5. N C TH truyn DAO multicast cho '1 hop' khu ph nh m t trong Phn 9.10.
Mt trng hp c th m i hi phi c mt nt l gi mt DIO l nu nt l l mt
thnh vin trc ca mt DODAG v mt nt khc chuyn tip tin nhn gi topo c, gy ra
mt khng thng nht. Cc nt l cn truyn ti mt DIO sa cha s khng thng nht.
Lu rng do tnh cht lossy ca LLNs,mc d cc nt l c th lc quan u c cc tuyn
ng ca n bng cch qung co Xp hng ca INFINITE_RANK trong DODAG c
trc tr thnh mt nt l, qung co c th tr thnh b mt v mt nt l phi c kh nng
gi mt DIO sau ny sa cha khng thng nht.
Trong trng hp chung, cc nt l PHI KHNG qung co chnh n nh l mt b nh
tuyn (v d, gi Dios).
8.6. Rank hnh chnh
Trong mt s trng hp, n c th l c li iu chnh Rank qung co bng mt nt
ngoi m tnh bng nhng HNH da trn mt s chnh sch v cc thuc tnh ca nt thc
5. Trong Non-Lu tr ch hot ng, mt nt PHI KHNG gii quyt unicast Thng
DAO cc nt ang khng DODAG r.
6. Trong ch khng hot ng bo qun, ngun IPv6 v ch a ch ca mt thgAO
PHI l mt c o-a phng hoc a ch ton cu
Vic la chn ca cha m DAO l thc hin v v ch nang khch quan c th.
1. nt RPL PHI bao gm mt hoc nhiu ty chn RPL mc tiu trong mi DAO thng
ip m h truyn ti. Mt la chn RPL Target phi c mt tin t bao gm a ch IPv6 ca
nt nu nt cn DODAG cung cp cc tuyn ng i xung n nt . Cc RPL Target
ty chn C TH c ngay lp tc theo sau bi mt RPL Target c la chn m t ng cc
tiu ch .
2. Khi mt nt cp nht cc thng tin trong mt thng tin Transit la chn cho mt la chn
mc tiu bao gm mt trong cc a ch ca n, n PHI tng s ng dn trnh t trong
Transit La chn thng tin. S ng dn trnh t C TH c tng ln i khi gy ra
mt refresh cc tuyn ng i xung.
3. Mt hoc nhiu ty chn RPL mc tiu trong mt thng ip unicast DAO PHI theo sau
bi mt hoc nhiu tu chn Thng tin Transit. Tt c ty chn vn chuyn p dng cho tt c
cc ty chn Target m ngay lp tc i trc h.
4. DAO Multicast PHI KHNG bao gm cc DODAG Chnh a ch trng con trong cc
ty chn thng tin Transit.
5. Mt nt nhn v x l tin nhn DAO cha thng tin cho mt mc tiu c th, v c thng
tin trc cho mc tiu , phi s dng s lng ng dn trnh t trong Transit la chn cc
thng tin lin quan n mc tiu xc nh c hay khng cc thng ip DAO cha cp
nht thng tin cho mi mc 7.
6. Nu mt nt nhn c mt tin nhn DAO m khng tun theo cc trn quy tc, n phi
loi b cc tin DAO m khng cn thm ch bin.
Trong khng lu tr ch , gc xy dng mt tiu nh tuyn ngun nghim ngt,hpby-hp, bng cch quy tm ln mt-hp thng tin rng quan h mt Target (a ch hoc tin
t) v mt a ch qu cnh vi nhau. Trong mt s trng hp, khi mt a ch con c ngun
gc t mt tin t c s hu v c qung co bi cha m, rng mi quan h cha-con c th
suy ra bi cc gc cho cc mc ch xy dng cc ngun tiu nh tuyn. Trong tt c cc
trng hp khc, n l cn thit thng bo cho gc r ca mi quan h qu cnh-Target t
mt mc tiu c th truy cp, v vy sau ny cho php xy dng quy ca tiu nh
tuyn. Mt a ch c qung co nh l mt mc tiu trong mt thng ip DAO PHI sp
xp trong cng mt router, hoc c th truy cp vo lin kt bi cc b nh tuyn s hu cc
a ch c ch nh trong cc Transit thng tin lin quan. Cc quy nh b sung sau y c
p dng m bo tnh lin tc ca con ng ng ngun end-to-end:
1. a ch ca mt ph huynh s dng trong cc ty chn qu cnh phi c thc hin t
mt PIO t ph huynh vi 'R' flag. Cc 'R' c trong mt PIO ch ra rng trng tin t thc
s c cha cc a ch m y nhng con KHNG NN gi nh rng a ch m l trnlink. 2. Mt PIO bng 'A' flag ch ra rng cc nt con RPL th s dng tin t autoconfigure
2. Khi nhn c mt DAO unicast, mt nt phi tnh ton nu DAO s thay i cc thit lp
ca cc tin t chnh nt qung co. iu ny tnh ton NN bao gm t vn ca cc
dy ng thng tin trong cc ty chn lin quan n thng tin Transit DAO, xc nh xem
cc tin DAO cha mi hn thng tin thay th cc thng tin c lu tr ti node. Nu
vy, cc nt phi to ra mt thng ip mi v DAO truyn ti n, theo cc quy nh ti mc
9.5. Mt s thay i nh vy bao gm nhn mt O N-Path.
3.Khi mt nt to ra mt O mi, n NN unicast n mi cha m O ca n. N
KHNG PHI unicast thng ip DAO hch m khng phi l o cha m.
4. Khi mt nt xa mt nt t DAO m thit lp ca n, n NN gi tin nhn Khng-Path
DAO (mc 6.4.3) cho rng DAO xa ph huynh lm mt hiu lc cc tuyn ng hin c.
5. Nu thng ip n mt a ch i xung c qung co b mt giao nhn li, Neighbor
Unreachable Detection (NUD), hoc tht bi tng t, mt nt TH nh du cc a ch nh
khng th truy cp v to ra mt DAO No-Path thch hp.
DAO qung co m a ch ch v tin t mt nt c cc tuyn ng. Khng ging nh
trong ch khng lu tr, cc DAO khng giao tip thng tin v cc tuyn ng chnh
mnh: thng tin c lu tr trong mng v l tim n t cc ngun a ch IPv6. Khi mt
nt lu tr to ra mt DAO, n s dng cc trng thi lu tr ca DAO, n nhn c
to ra mt tp hp cc ty chn v RPL Target ca h ty chn lin quan Transmit Thng tin.
Bi v thng tin ny c lu tr trong bng nh tuyn ca mi nt, trong ch lu tr,
DAO c truyn t trc tip cho cha m DAO, ngi lu tr thng tin ny.
9.9. ng dn iu khin
Mt tin nhn DAO t mt nt cha mt hay nhiu ty chn Target. Mi mtTarget ch nh
hoc l mt tin t c qung co bi cc node, mt prefix ca a ch c th bn ngoi
LLN, a ch ca mt ch trong ca nt ph DODAG, hoc mt nhm multicast m mt nt
trong sub-DODAG ang lng nghe. Cc lnh vc ng Kim sot ca Thng tin la chn
Transit cho php cc nt yu cu hoc cho php nhiu tuyn ng i xung. Mt nt xy
dng cc lnh vc ng dn iu khin ca mt la chn thng tin Transit nh sau:
1. Chiu rng bit ca trng ng dn kim sot phi c bnh ng vi gi tr (PCS + 1),
ni PCS c quy nh trong lnh vc kim sot ca ty chn DODAG Configuration. Bit
ln hn hoc bng gi tr (PCS + 1) phi c xa trn truyn v phi c b qua khi tip
nhn. Bit thp hn gi tr c coi l Bit "hot ng".
2. Cc nt PHI logic xy dng nhm ca cha m DAO ca n trong khi dn c lnh vc
ng dn Control, trong mi nhm bao gm cha m DAO u tin bng nhau. Nhng
nhm MUST sau c t hng theo s thch, cho php mt lp bn logic ca cha m
liu tng hp theo hng i xung theo Chc nng quan. Trong ch khng bo qun
gc c th xc nh ng xung bng cch tp hp cc thng tin t mi nhn
DAO, trong bao gm cc ch dn ng kim sot ca cha m DAO a thch.
9.9.1. ng dn iu khin V d
Gi s rng c mt LLN hot ng ch c cha lu tr mt N Node vi bn cha
m, P1, P2, P3, v P4. Hy N c ba tr em, C1, C2, C3 v trong ca n ph DODAG.
Hy PCS l 7, nh vy m s c 8 bit hot ng trong lnh vc kim sot Path:
11111111b. Xt v d sau:
Cc lnh vc ng dn iu khin c chia thnh bn trng con, PC1
(11000000b), PC2 (00110000b), PC3 (00001100b), v PC4 (00000011b), nh vy
m bn trng con i din cho bn cp khc nhau v s thch mi Hnh 27. Vic
thc hin ti Node N, trong v d ny, cc nhm {P1, P2} c u i bnh ng vi
nhau v hu ht a thch chung ca nhm. {} P3 l t a thch {P1, P2}, v nhiu hn
na thch {P4}. Hy Node N sau thc hin lp bn ng kim sot ca mnh nh
vy m:
{P1, P2} -> PC1 (11000000b) trong lnh vc ng dn iu khin
{P3} -> PC2 (00110000b) trong lnh vc ng dn iu khin
{P4} -> PC3 (00001100b) trong lnh vc ng dn iu khin
{P4} -> PC4 (00000011b) trong lnh vc ng dn iu khin
Lu rng vic thc hin lp i lp li {P4} c c y vng ph sng ca cc
lnh vc ng dn Control.
1. Hy C1 gi mt DAO cha mt Target T vi mt iu khin ng dn 10000000b.
Node N ca hng mt mc lin kt vi 10000000b lnh vc ng dn iu khin cho
C1 v Target T.
2. Hy C2 gi mt DAO cha mt Target T vi mt iu khin ng dn 00010000b.
Node N ca hng mt mc lin kt vi 00010000b lnh vc ng dn iu khin cho
C1 v Target T.
3. Hy C3 gi mt DAO cha mt Target T vi mt iu khin ng dn 00001100b.
Node N ca hng mt mc lin kt vi 00001100b lnh vc ng dn iu khin cho
C1 v Target T.
4. Ti mt s thi gian sau , Node N to mt DAO cho Target T. Node N s xy dng
mt trng ng dn iu khin tng hp bi ORING cng s ng gp ca mi
ngi con ca mnh a ra mt DAO cho Target T. Do , cc lnh vc ng dn
iu khin tng hp c bit hot ng thit lp nh: 10011100b
5. Node N sau phn phi cc bit ng dn kim sot tng s cha m ca n P1, P2,
P3, P4 v chun b DAO tin nhn.
6. P1 v P2 c iu kin nhn c bit hot ng t nhiu nht trng con a
thch (11000000b). Nhng bit c 10000000b trong tng hp lnh vc ng dn
Control. Node N phi thit lp cc bit n mt trong hai cha m ch. Trong trng hp
2.
4. Mt nt KHNG PHI thc hin bt k ch bin DAO lin quan khc trn nhn c tin
nhn multicast DAO; c bit, mt nt PHI KHNG thc hin cc hnh ng ca cha m
DAO khi nhn c mt multicast DAO. Cc DAO multicast c th c s dng cho
php truyn thng P2P trc tip, m khng cn cc DODAG chuyn tip cc gi tin.