Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Christias C Lyk Kat
Christias C Lyk Kat
1.
. -
1. ,
+i.
: , 95, 5, 6.
2. x, y
,
+i
.
: , 95, 7.
3. i,
4
.
: , 95, 8.
4. +i,
i, .
12
3 + i
.
:
5.
+i
, x , y
.
z = ( 3x + 2 y
36
) + (2 y 3x + )i , * .
6. z
, z = z z = z . (
).
Re(z)=0 Im(z)=0 .
: , 96, 8.
7. z
z ,
z=x+yi ,
.
: , 96, 5.
1. ,
.
: , 100, 1.
2. z
z,
z=x+yi x y.
z + 3 = z 1 + 4i = z 9 .
3.
,
, z
= zz
.
: , < 1 < 1 ,
< 1 .
4. ,
= zz .
: , 101, 9.
5.
, ,
z
= zz
: (z-1)22=(z-i)22, z22
.
6.
, z
= zz
,
.
: , 102, 10.
1. z
,
z=x+yi
x y.
. (
).
:
) z z = >0,
z (0, 0) .
) z z z 0 = >0,
z K(x0, y0) . (
K(x0, y0) z0).
) z z z1 = z z2 ,
z
z1
z2.
) z z z1 + z z2 = 2 ,
z z1
z2, 2 2= z1 z2 .
) z z z1 z z2 = 2 ,
z z1
z2 2= z1 z2 .
: , 101, 6, B 2,
B 5, B 6, B 8, B 9.
2. z
z, z
.
: , 101, 8.
1.
.
: ) z1=8+6i z2 = 5
z1 + z2 .
)
z + 5i 3
z 12 .
2.
,
:
)
(),
z min = d( , ) = ( OM ) . ( ).
) z (,
), :
z min = z mx = + .
) z
y2
x2
= 1 , :
+
2
2
z min = z mx = .
y2
x2
) z 2 2 = 1 , :
z min = .
: , 101, 7, 102,
8.
3.
,
:
) z1 z2
(1), (2) : z1 z2
min
= d(1, 2 ) .
) z1 z2 (, ), :
z1 z2
mx
= 2 .
) z1 () z2
z1 z2
mx
(,
z1 z2
min
= d(, )
= d(, ) + .
) z1 (, 1)
z2 (, 2) :
z1 z2
mx
z1 z2
min
= 1 2
= + 1 + 2 .
y2
x2
) z1 z2 2 + 2 = 1 ,
: z1 z2
min
z1 z2
mx
= 2 .
:
1.
.
2.
(2)
(3).
= f( z ) z=x+yi,
.
: w =
2z i
z
iz + 2
(0, 0)
=1.
) w.
) z w .
.
z
z
1. z1, z2 0 z1 = 1 4 1 + 2 = 2 .
z2
z1
:
) z2 = 2 .
) 0, z1 z2
.
2.
z1 z2 ,
z1 =
4 + 3i
z2 .
5
.
) (1, 2)
=2
.
3.
z1 = z2 = z3 = 2
z1 + z2 + z3 = 4
z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 = 8 .
4.
z1, z2 z3 z12+z22+z32=z1z2+z2z3+z3z1
.
5. z1 z2
: z1z2=1+i.
z1 (0, 1)
=1.
) z2
.
) z2 .
) { 0 }
w=(z1z2) .
6. z z 10 = 3 z 2
z 1 = 3.
7. z 2 + 4i =
5.
) z
) z.
2 z
8. w =
z 0 . z
z
(0, 0) 1.
) w
.
) w .
9. z=x+yi, x, y
z2
w =
,z 6.
z6
) w +i, , .
) Re(w)=Im(w)
(x, y) z.
10. z 3 = z .
) z0
|z0|.
) .
11. z
ln z = 1 z .
12. z=x+yi x, y (x, y)
.
w=
z
z -4.
z+ 4
) w +i.
) (x, y) :
i) O w
ii) O w .
13. , ,
. = = = 1 ++=0,
:
) = = .
) , .
14. z= 4 + 2 i .
3
4
) z.
) z .
) o z .
) .
15. , ,
x2+y2=1.
w=
( )( )( )
.
16. z :
(4+3i)z(43i) z =50i.
) z.
) z 5.
) z
.
17.
z 6 8i = 5 .
)
z.
) 5 z 15.
) z .
) :
i) z .
ii) z .
) z1, z2
, z1 z2 .
18. z w (i + 2 2 ) z = 6
w (1 i) = w ( 3 3i) :
)
z .
)
w.
) w .
) z w .
19. z z i = 2 .
) z
.
) z1 z2
.
2
) A = zi + 3 + z i
.
) 3 z + 3 5i 7 .
20. z1 z2
z + z2
w = 1
.
z1 z2
) w 2008 0 .
) z1 = z2 .
21. z Re( z +
4
) = 2 Re( z) (1).
z
) z.
)
c = z + 3 4i .
) c.
) z1, z2, z3 (1)
z1z2 + z2 z3 + z3z1 = 2 z1 + z2 + z3 .
1
1
22. z Re ( ) = .
z
4
) z
z 2 =2.
) z lm(z)=1, Re(z)=2+ 3
Re(z)=2- 3 .
) 4
1 ().
23. z : 2z 2010 + z
2010
= 3.
) z 2010 = 1 .
) z = 1 .
) z 2i .
24. z=+3i, .
) z.
) z 5 + i .
25. z, w w =
3z + 2i
z = 2 .
iz + 6
) w.
)
10
z w.
2.
. -
1. .
.
: , 146, 11.
2. ) ,
.
,
.
) ,
.
x.
.
x.
: , 148, 6.
x1,
x2 Af x1<x2
f(x1)-f(x2)
f(x1) f(x2). (
).
:
1. .
(.. : f(x)=1/x).
2.
.
: , 156, 1.
11
1-1
1. f 1-1 :
: x1, x2 Af
f(x1)=f(x2) x1=x2.
: f
. ( :
, 1-1 .
: ).
: , 156, 2.
2. f 1-1,
x1 x2 Af x1 x2
f(x1)=f(x2).
: , 156, 2, viii)
3. f,
1-1
f(A). ( y=f(x) x
). f-1
f(A) Af. , f-1, y
x.
: , 156, 2.
4. :
) f-1 f(A)
Af.
) :
i) f(x)=y f 1 ( y ) = x .
ii) f( f 1 ( y )) = y y f(A) .
iii) f 1 ( f( x )) = x x Af .
) f Af
f-1 f(A)
.
: y1 < y2 f(A) f
Af. f 1 ( y1 ) = f 1 ( y2 )
y1 = y 2 ,
12
1
) (.x. f( x ) = x ).
x
) f ,
f-1 .
: f :
x Af x Af f( x ) = f( x ) .
y f(A) .
x Af
f( x ) = y f ( x ) = y f( x ) = y . y f(A) .
f 1 ( y ) = f 1 ( f( x )) = f 1 ( f( x )) = x = f 1 ( y ) .
f-1 .
) f f-1
y=x. : M( , ) C f N( , ) C f 1 .
) C f C f 1
: y = f( x ) y = f 1 ( x ) .
y = f( x )
( 1 )
x
=
f
(
y
)
x = f 1 ( y )
( 2 ) .
y = f 1 ( x )
f (1)
f-1 (2).
: C f C f 1
y=x. (.. : f( x ) =
f 1 ( x) =
1
x
1
.
x
,
(1,1) (-1,-1) y=x.
f( x ) =
1
.
x
13
f 1 ( x) =
1
.
x
y=x).
) : f
Af
f( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f ( x ) = x, x A f( A) .
: f( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f
Af. f( x ) x x B .
f( x ) > x f( x ) < x . f( x ) > x . f
Af f 1
f(A).
f( x ) > x f 1 ( f( x )) > f 1 ( x ) x > f 1 ( x ) x > f( x ) ,
. f( x ) < x . f( x ) = x .
:
f( x ) = x . f
f 1 ( x ) = x . : f( x ) = f 1 ( x ) .
f 1 C f C f 1 . (.x. :
f( x ) = x 3 + x + 1 . f 1
C f C f 1 ).
) C f C f 1
y=x.
: (, ) C f C f 1 .
= f( )
= f 1 ( ) .
= f 1 ( ) = f( ) .
C f C f 1
(, ). . =,
(, ) y=x.
) C f y=x,
C f 1 .
: (, ) C f
y=x. : = f( ) =.
= f 1 ( ) =.
= f 1 ( ) , (, )
C f 1 .
14
:
1. f2(x)=g2(x) f(x)=g(x) f(x)=-g(x)
x f. f( x ) = x
g(x)=x. f2(x)=g2(x) x f(x)=g(x)
x [0, + ].
f
g( x )
f( x ) =
g( x )
x
xAB
1 x < 0
0
f( x ) =
g( x ) =
0 x 0
1
x < 0
x 0
. f(x)g(x)=0
x f g
15
.
1.
f(x)=x4-(3-4)x3+(3-3)x2-(3-2)x+2-3
. Cf
.
2. f : : f 2 ( x ) f(1 x ) = 2 x 2
x .
1
.
2
) f(1 x ) f( x ) =
) f( x ) = 2 x 1 x .
3.
f:
f 3 ( x ) + 3f 2 ( x ) f( x ) = 2 x 3 x .
) f .
) f( x ) = x x .
4. f : : 2f( x + y ) = f ( x ) f( y )
x, y .
) f(0)=0 f .
) f f(0).
) f( ) = 0 f( x ) = 0
x .
) f( 0 ) = 2 f( x ) > 0 x .
1 x2 .
5. f : f( x ) =
) Af.
) Cf .
) h=fof.
6. f :
) f( x ) xf( x ) = x 2 + 1 x .
1
1
) f : * f( x ) + 2f( ) = 2(2 x + ) x * .
x
x
7.
f,
2f( x ) + f(1 y ) + g ( x ) g ( y ) = 3( x 2 + 1) 6 x 6 y
g(0)=0
x, y .
) 2f( x ) + f(1 x ) = 3( x 2 + 1) 6x x .
) f( x ) = x 2 + 2 x x .
16
) f = g x .
8.
f:
f( x + y ) f( x ) f( y ) e x + y x, y .
) f( 0 ) = 1.
) f( x ) =
1
x .
f( x )
) f( x ) = e x x .
9. f, g :
1 x
f( x ) =
2
x < 0
x 0
x 2
g( x ) =
3
x < 1
x 1
f+g fog.
10. f( x ) =
x 2 + 3x +
x 2 + 3x + 1
=
g
(
x
)
x2 4
x2
, . , f=g.
11. f : ( fof )( x ) = x 2 9 x + 25
x .
) f( 5) = 5 .
) Cf y=x .
12. f, g : ( gof )( x ) = x + 2
x .
) f .
) : f( x 2 7 x + 6) = f( x 1) .
13. f : ( fof )( x ) = 2 x x .
) f(1)=1.
) f 1-1.
) f( A) = .
) : f( x 2 + x ) = f(2 x + 2) .
14. f : * 1-1 ( fof )( x ) f ( x ) =
x 0 .
) ( fof )( x ) = x x 0 .
) f.
) f(A) .
) f 1 ( x ) .
17
15. f :
(3, 2) (5, 9).
) f .
) f 1 ( x ) .
) f(2 + f 1 ( x 2 + x )) = 9 , x .
16. f( x ) = x 3 + x + 1 .
) f .
) f .
) f 1 ( x ) = f( x ) .
17. f( x ) = ln x
e
+ x.
x
) f .
) f 1 ( x ) = x .
18. f : ( fof )( x ) = x x .
) f( x ) = 2008 .
) g : 1-1 g ( x ) = e x + e f ( x ) ,
f( x ) = x x .
19. f : ( fof )( x ) + f( x ) = x x .
) f 1-1.
) f(A)= .
) f( f ( x ) + x ) = x x .
) f( t ) + t = 0 .
20. f : f( f ( x ) 2) = x x .
) f 1-1.
) f(A)= .
) f 1 ( x ) f.
) f f
18
3.
. -
x0
1. (0/0)
)
Horner (x-x0)
.
: , 174, 3.
)
. (
).
+ .
3 +
2 + 3 +
+ 3 + 2 .
: , 175, 4.
)
x 1
x
( x )
0
x
( x )
x 1
= 1 lim
= 0.
x0
x0
x
x
lim
: , 175, 6, 7.
2. ,
.
,
.
: , 175, 5, 9.
19
3. . x x0
:
) (0/0) .
: , 175, 1 vi).
) (0/0). :
i) x0 ,
.
.
: , 176, 2 i).
ii) x0 ,
x0
(x-x0).
: , 176, 2 ii).
4. :
f(x) x0 f(x) x0.
g(x), f(x)
.
: , 176, 4.
5. f(x) x0
, f ,
f(x),
f(x) . ( :
).
: lim f( x ) xf( x ) x
x0
x .
6. : :
) lim f( x ) g ( x ) f( x ) h( x )
x x0
x0.
lim g ( x ) = lim h( x )
x x0
x x0
lim g ( x )
x x0
lim h( x )
x x0
lim g ( x ) =
x x0
= lim f( x ) = lim h( x ) .
x x0
x x0
: , 175, 8.
20
) lim f( x ) f( x ) g( x ) f( x ) ( x ) (
x x0
lim A( x ) = 0 . g( x ) f( x ) g( x )
x x0
lim ( g ( x ) ) = lim g ( x ) = 0 .
x x0
x x0
lim f( x ) = 0 . ( ).
x x0
: lim f( x ) f( x ) x 0.
x0
) f(x)
x x0.
( K ( x )) 1
f( x ) g ( x )
lim g( x ) = 0 . ( .) lim f( x ) = 0 .
x x0
x x0
1
: lim f( x ) f( x ) = x ( ) .
x0
x
7. lim f( g ( x )) g(x)=u,
x x0
lim g( x ) = u0 ( )
x x0
x x0
= lim f( u) .
u u0
.
.
: , 181, 2.
)
,
.
21
: , 182, 3.
9. :
)
: f( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 .
0 lim f( x ) = lim x .
x+
x+
.
: , 187, 1 ii).
)
f( x ) =
x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0
x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0
x
0 0 lim f( x ) = lim
.
x+
x+ x
.
: , 187, 1 ii).
)
. ( :
x 2 = x x +
x 2 = x
x ).
: , 187, 2, 3.
)
( )
.
: , 187, 2.
)
x.
22
: , 187, 4.
)
lim e x = + ,
x +
lim e x = 0 ,
lim ln x = + lim+ ln x = .
x +
x0
.
: lim
x +
x + e x
.
e x + 2x
x
.
( K ( x )) 1
.
x
.
: lim ( x 3 + 2x + x + 1) .
x
:
x
x
1. lim
= 1,
lim
= 1,
x0 x
x 0 x
x
= 1,
x0
x
lim
x
= 1,
x 0 x
lim
x 1
= 0.
x0
x
1
2. lim x ( ) = 0 .
x0
x
x
x
3. lim
= 0 lim
= 0.
x + x
x x
1
1
4. lim x ( ) = 1 lim x ( ) = 1 .
x +
x
x
x
lim
23
.
1. lim f ( x ) = 1 :
x1
f( x ) + 3 2
2f 2 ( x ) + f( x ) 3
) lim
f( x ) 1
2
x 1
x1
f( x ) 1
f ( x) 1
) lim
x 0 = 1 .
2. f : lim
x0
f( x )
= 2.
x
) lim f( x ) = 0 .
x0
2f( x ) + x
.
x0
f( x ) + x
) ( ) : lim
f, g :
3.
lim ( xf ( x ) + g( x )) = 2
x 1
lim ( f( x ) xg ( x )) = 4 . lim f( x )
x 1
x 1
lim g( x ) .
x 1
4. , ( x ) + ( x ) x 2 x .
+=0.
5. , : lim
( 4 x ) + x
x0
6. , , lim
x 2
x 4 + x2
= .
x 2 + x +
= .
x2
) 4+2+=0.
) , , .
x + x + 1
= 4 . N * .
x + 2 x 3 + x + 4
7. lim
8.
lim ( 9 x 2 + 4 x + 1 + x + ) = 0 .
x +
2 x + 3 x
.
x +
x + x
9. , (1, + ) . : lim
10. f : lim
x +
) lim
x +
f( x + 1)
= 2.
f( x )
f( x + 2)
.
f( x )
) .
11. f : 2f( x ) + f( x ) = x x .
24
) f 1-1.
) lim f( x ) .
x0
) lim
x +
12.
f( x )
1
= .
x
2
f:
lim ( f( x ) x ) = 3 .
x +
lim
x +
f( x )
= 2
x
xf ( x ) x 2 + x x
lim
= 1.
x +
f( x ) + x x
13.
x + x xf( x ) 3x x x x0=0.
lim f( x ) .
x0
14. f : ( x 2) f( x )
x +2 2
x x0=2. lim f( x ) ,
x2
.
15. lim ( 9 x 2 + x + 3 2 x 2 + 1
x +
x 2 + 7 x + 14 ) .
lim
x0
g( x )
x + 4 2
= 1 x0=0.
) lim g( x ) .
x0
) lim [ f( x ) g( x )] .
x0
17. f,g : f 2 ( x ) + g 2 ( x ) = 2 xf ( x )
x0
.
18.
lim
x +
f(ln x )
= 1
x
lim f( x ) ,
x +
lim f( x ) .
x +
19. (x) 3 :
P( x )
P( x )
= 1 lim
.
2
5
x 3 ( x 3)
x 2x 5
lim
20. f : ( 3, + ) e 4 f ( x ) 6e 2 f ( x ) = x 2 18
25
x ( 3, + ) .
) f
f-1.
)
26
lim
x +
f 1 ( x ) e 2 x
.
e 2x 3
4.
.
1.
f
f x0 f(x0).
f ,
f ( , ,
...) x<x0 x>x0 x x 0 f
.
: , 197, 2, 4.
2.
Af,
f x<x0 x>x0 x x 0 ,
x x0
x x0
x x0
.
: , 199, 1, 2.
3. f x0
f(x0) lim f( x ) .
x x0
4. x 0 ( , )
f( x 0 ) = g ( x 0 ) , Bolzano [,
h( x ) = f( x ) g ( x ) . h( )h( ) < 0
h( )h( ) = (A B ) 2 A B
.
: , 198, 6, 4.
5. x 0 [ , ]
f( x 0 ) = g ( x 0 ) ,
h( x ) = f( x ) g ( x ) , :
) h( )h( ) = 0 . h(a)=0 h()=0. x0
x 0 = x 0 = .
) h( )h( ) < 0 . Bolzano [, ]
27
h( x ) = f( x ) g( x ) .
: f [-, ], >0
f( x )
x [ , ] .
x 0 [ , ] f( x 0 ) = x 0 .
6. Cf, Cg
x0 ( , ) x0 [ , ]
4. 5.
: , 200, 6.
7. f(x)=g(x)
(, ), (, )
(, ) (, ) [, ] [, ]
Bolzano h(x)=f(x)-g(x).
: x4=11-2x
(-2, 2).
8. : f
f( x ) 0 x Af, f
Af.
,
( ).
: , 199, 9, 7.
9. ,
. :
a)
[,
[,
(,
(,
[,
f(A)=[f(), f()].
)
f(A)=[f(), f()].
)
28
f(A)=[f(), lim f( x ) ).
x
[,
(,
(,
f(A)=[f(), lim+ f( x ) ).
x
) + .
: , 199, 10.
10. :
) : Bolzano
f(A)
.
) : f
.
) : ) )
.
: , 200 5, 6.
11. x0 (, ) f(x0)
[f(), f()] [f(), f()],
( Bolzano).
: f( x ) =
x3
( x ) + 3
4
7
x [ 2, 2] .
3
29
.
e x
1. f : f( x ) = ( 7 x )
x 0
x > 0
f x0=0.
) .
) lim f( x ) .
x
) lim f( x ) .
x +
1 x
x 0
x2
2. f : f( x ) =
.
1
x = 0
2
) f .
) lim f( x ) .
x +
3.
f:
x 2 + 2 + 5
x
f( x ) =
, , f x0=.
(2x 4 ) e x x >
) , .
) f.
4. f : f( x ) f( y ) x y x, y
.
) f .
) g(x)=f(x)-2x, x
.
) f(2x)-f(x2)>4x-x2.
5.
f, g :
f 2 ( x ) + g 2 ( x ) + 1 = 2 xf( x ) + 2g ( x ) x .
) f, g x0=0.
) lim
x +
f( x )
.
x2
) g ,
g(x)=-2x .
6. f : :
30
x < f( x ) < x + 1 x .
) lim
x +
f( x )
.
x
) f.
) f(x)=2004x
.
7.
f 2 (x) + g 2 (x) = e x
f, g :
x 0 [ 1, 1] f( x 0 ) = x 0 e
x0
2
8. f : f( f ( 0 )) = 0 .
f(x)=x .
9. f : xf( x ) x 2 + (2 x )
x .
) f( 0 ) .
) x0
f(x0)=2004.
10.
f : ( 0, + )
f( xy ) = f( x ) + f( y ) x, y ( 0, + ) .
) f(1)=0.
1
) f( ) = f( x ) x>0.
x
) f(x)=0
( 0, + ) , f 1-1.
) f x0=1,
f ( 0, + ) .
11. f : f( x ) 0
x f(1) + f (2) + ...f(10 ) = 0 . f
.
12. f :
. x0
f( x 0 ) =
>1
31
13. f : f 2 ( x ) = 2e x f( x ) x
.
) g ( x ) = f ( x ) e x
.
) g(0)=1 f.
14. , 0 :
f( x 0 )
g( x 0 )
1
1
.
+
x0
x0
32
5.
.
1. f(x0)
x x0.
,
,
.
: , 220, 2, 4.
2. ,
.
: , 227, 2, 238
4.
3. f
x0 ,
.
.
: , 218, .
4. f
x0 ,
.
: , 228, 1.
5. f f(x0),
f
, x x0
f(x0). f
33
,
f(x0) f x0
.
:
)
f:
f 3 ( x ) + f( x ) = 2 x 4 , x . f(0).
) f x0=0 x
f 3 ( x ) + x 2 f( x ) = x 2 x x 3 . f(0).
6. f x0
.
K(x),
f(x0),
f(x)
.
f x0.
: , 221, 8, 240,
7.
7. f
f(x0), f(x0)
f x0
.
f ( )
f(x0) ( f x0)
f x0,
f(x0).
:
) , 221, 5, 6.
) f x0=0 f(0)=0 f( x ) x
x , f(0).
8. f ,
, x=x0+h x=x0h
.
:
) f x0=0 x, y
34
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+5xy,
f f(x).
) f x0=1 x, y
* f(xy)=f(x)+f(y), f
* f(x).
35
1. f :
f(2 x x 0 ) f( x 0 ) 9( x x 0 )
x0 x0>0, g( x ) =
f( xx 0 ) f( x 0 )
x x0
x > x0
x
x >
x0=, , .
3. f , g : f 2 ( x ) + g 2 ( x ) = x 2
x .
) f, g x0=0.
) f, g x0=0
[ f' ( 0 )] 2 + [ g' ( 0 )] 2 = 1 .
4.
ae x
f( x ) =
+ ln x
x 1
x > 1
f:
) , .
) f 1-1.
5. f : x0=0 x
: f 3 ( x ) xf 2 ( x ) x 2 f( x ) = x 2 x .
) f(0).
) f(0).
6.
f:
f( x + y ) = f( x ) + f ( y ) + 3xy ( x + y ) x, y f(1)=4.
) f(0)=1.
) f(x)=3x2+1 x .
f( x ) x 2
7. f x0=0 lim
x0
x3
1
x = 7.
) lim f( x ) .
x0
) f(0)=0.
36
) f(0)=0.
8. f x0= f()=2.
) lim
h0
f( + 2h ) f( )
.
h
f( h 2 ) f( )
) lim
.
h0
h
f( + 2h ) f( h 2 )
) lim
.
h0
h 2h
9. Cf f :
(0, 0) lim
x0
) lim (
x0
f 2 ( x ) + 4 xf( x )
= 4 .
x2
f( x ) + 2 x 2
) = 0.
x
) f(0)=-2.
10. f :
f(x3+x+1)=7x3-x x .
) f(3).
) f(3)=5.
11. f : x1=2
f( x 3 + 1)
g ( x ) =
f(2 x )
x < 1
x 1
x2=1.
g( x )
x 1
x
g( x )
) lim+
x 1
x
) lim
g(1)
= 3f' (2) .
1
g(1)
= 2f' (2) .
1
) f(2).
12. f
f 3 ( x ) + x 3 = 3xf( x ) 1 x , f()=0
.
) f()=2.
)
37
6.
.
1. f
x0 f(x0), f(x), f(x0)
y-f(x0)=f(x0)(x-x0).
: , 220, B 3.
2.
(x1, y1), (x0, f(x0))
y-f(x0)=f(x0)(x-x0).
x0.
: , 239, 10.
3. (x0, f(x0)),
x0.
)
xx =f(x0) ( x0).
: , 238, 5.
) y=x+
f(x0)= ( x0).
: , 239, 11.
)
f(x0)= ( x0).
)
f(x0)=-1 f(x0)=-1/ ( x0).
: , 239, 9.
) A(x1, y1) , B(x2, y2)
y y1
, f(x0) = 2
( x0).
x 2 x1
4. Cf
(x0, f(x0)), Cg ,
f(x0)=g(x0) f(x0)=g(x0).
.
38
: , 240, 3.
5. Cf
(x1, f(x1))
Cg, Cf,
g(x)
g(x0)=.
Cg.
: , 240, 4.
.
1. y x x=x0
y=f(x),
f(x0).
y=y0, y0=f(x0) x0
f(x0).
: , 243, 1, 2.
2. y x
y0, x
x, y x0, y0 ,
y0.
: , 245, 8.
:
f(x),
f(x).
39
.
1. f(x)=x3-3x2+2x+1.
) Cf :
x+11y+17=0.
) Cf
: x+y-2009=0.
) Cf
(3, 7).
2. f(x)=xlnx-x.
) Cf
(1, f(1)).
) )
.
3.
g( x ) =
f( x ) =
x 2 + ( + 1) x + + 1
x +1
x +2
x
x=1.
) +=3.
) Cf, Cg ,
=-11 , .
4. f( x ) = x 2 +
32
+ g ( x ) = x 2 + + 16
2
x
.
) Cf, Cg.
) Cf, Cg .
) ,
.
5. f : f( x ) x x 2 f( x 1) + x
x .
) f(x)=x2+x x .
1
) y =
2
40
Cf (, f()),
1
2-=2+ .
2
6. f :
: f( f ( x ) + y ) = f( x + y ) + 2 x, y
f( x 2 ) f(2 x 1) x .
) f.
) f(x)=x+f(0).
) f(x)=x+2.
) Cf Cg g(x)=lnx+3.
7.
f ( x ) = x +
x 1
x
g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + ( 4 + ) x + , .
) () Cf (1, 1).
) =1.
) () Cg.
8. f( x ) = 2 + ln( x 1) g ( x ) = 2 ln( x 1) .
) Cf Cg.
) f g.
) Cf Cg ,
.
9. N(t) t
. 50
,
.
ln 3
2,2 .
ln 2
10. ( /),
3x2-2x+1, ( /),
2x+3, x
.
5 6 .
11. . =300m,
=60m, ( ),
45 Km/h,
41
7. ROLLE
.
1. f
Rolle,
.
: , ,
x + x 1
Rolle [0,4].
f( x ) =
2
x x x > 1
2. :
) f
(, ),
Bolzano Rolle
f.
( f).
f.
: , 249, 1.
) f
(, ), f +1
(, ) Rolle
.
: , 250, 3.
) f
(, ), ) ).
: , 250, 7.
:
1.
.
2.
42
ROLLE
1. .
1.
2. Bolzano.
3.
f(A).
4.
2. 8=42 .
Rolle
f. (
1, 2
f).
Rolle
.
(
),
.
3. x0 f(x0)
,
Rolle .
: f [2, 3]
f(2)=5 f(3)=10. x0
(2, 3) f(x0)=2x0.
. Rolle :
) x0
f(x0)=, Rolle
(x)=f(x)-x.
) x0
f(x0)=x0, Rolle
(x)=f(x)-
x +1.
+1
) x0
43
ROLLE
f(x0)+f(x0)=0, , * ,
Rolle (x)= e
f( x ) .
) x0 ( , )
(x0-)f(x0)=f(x0), [ , ] ,
Rolle (x)=
f( x )
.
x
) x0 0
x0f(x0)=f(x0), Rolle
(x)=
f( x )
.
x
) x0
(-x0)f(x0)=f(x0), Rolle
(x)=(x-)f(x).
4. Rolle :
x0 (, )
Cf (x0, f(x0))
xx, Rolle f
[, ].
5. x0 (, )
f(x0)
, f
[, ].
: , 250, 5.
6. :
x0 (, )
Cf (x0, f(x0))
,
f [, ].
: f [1, 2]
f(2)=f(1)+3. x0 (1, 2)
Cf (x0, f(x0))
y=3x+12.
7. x1, x2,,x f(x1),
f(x2),,f(x) ,
44
ROLLE
[, ]
f.
: f [, ] f()=
f()=. x1, x2 (, ) x1 x2
f' ( x1 ) + f' ( x2 ) = 2 .
8. . :
) f( x ) g( x )
f( x ) g( x )
, h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
[, x]
[x, ] h(x)=0. (
).
: ex ex x .
) h( x ) g ( x ) ( x )
,
.
: , 249, 3.
:
.
9. . Rolle . :
: f [, ]
f()=0 f()= 2f(
+
) .
2
x0 (, ) f(x0)=0.
10. f
f(x)
x . (
).
: , 256, 1, . 257
1.
11. f f
f,
45
ROLLE
f. ( ,
).
: , 252, .
46
ROLLE
. ROLLE
1. f : [0, 2] f(1)=0
f(2)=-f(0).
) x1 (0, 1)
f(x1)=f(2).
) x2 (0, 2)
f(x2)=0.
2. f : ( 0, + )
( 0, + ) f(x)>0 x ( 0, + ) .
(0, 0) Cf
(, f()) (, f()) 0<<.
) g g(x)=
f( x )
, x>0
x
Rolle [, ].
) x0>0
Cf (x0, f(x0)) (0, 0).
3. f : [, ] f()= f()=.
) Cf
y=x+7.
) x0 (, )
+
f( x 0 ) =
.
2
) x1, x2 (, ) x1 x2
1
1
= 2.
+
f' ( x1 )
f' ( x2 )
4. f : [, ]
47
ROLLE
5. f f(0)= f(x)=f(x)
x , .
) g(x)=f(x)e-x , x .
) f.
6. (x) :
(0)<0, (1)>0, (2)<0 (3)>0.
) P(x)=0 .
) P(x)=0 .
) P(x)=0 .
) P(x)=P(x)
.
7. f : f(0)=1
f(x)f(x)-f2(x)=xe2x x .
) f.
) f(A).
8. f, g ( 0, + ) f(1)=g(1)=0
f.
10. f [, ], >0 f
[, ] (, ) f(x)<0 (, ) f(x)>0 (, )
f()=f()=0.
) f()=0.
) x0 (, )
x0(f(x0))=f(x0) .
) Cf (x0, f(x0))
(0, 0) xx
0 45 x0
0.
48
ROLLE
11. f
f()=f()=0,
<0<.
)
x2
x1 ,
(,
(,
f( x1 ) + x1 f' ( x1 ) = f( x 2 ) + x2 f' ( x 2 ) .
)
1,
, 0 0 ,
P( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ...1 x + 0
N *,
>2
H( x ) = P( x ) P( P( x )) x 2 + 0 x ,
x .
H( 0 ) = 0 .
) H( 0 ) = 0 .
) (x) 1-1
.
) P' ( x )[1 P' ( P ( x ))] = 2 x 0
.
13. f
[0,
5].
2f( x + y + ) = f( x ) f( y + ) + f( y ) f( x + ) x, y, .
) f( x + y ) = f( x ) f( y ) x, y .
) f x0=0 f(0)=1 :
i) f .
ii) f(0)=1 f.
15. f : [, ]
(, ) f' ( x ) 1 x (, ), f()= f()=.
) 1 (, x) 2 (x, )
f( x ) = f' ( 1 )( x ) f( x ) = f' ( 2 )( x ) .
49
ROLLE
) f(x)=x x [, ].
16. f f
[0, 1], f(0)=1 f(1)=-1.
1
Cf (0, f(0)) (1, f(1)) ( , y0).
2
) f(0)=f(1).
) x0 (0, 1)
f(x0)=2x0-1.
) x1, x2 (0, 1) x1<x2
f(x1)f(x2)=4.
) (0, 1) f()>1, f(x)=0
50
(0,
1).
ROLLE
8.
.
1.
, , ,
.
f
f
.
:
1. . (.x.
f(x)=-1/x).
2. f (, ]
( ) [, ) f
x0=, (, ] [, )=
=(, ).
3. f
,
,
. (.x. f(x)=(x-1)3).
4.
,
.
5. ,
.
f(x)>0 x
f .
f()=0 f(x)>f()=0 x> f(x)<f()=0
x<.
: , 256, 2, 3,
4.
:
51
x2
f(x)=e -1-x, x .
2
x
2. ,
.
: , 256, 5, 6.
3. :
) f
(, ),
.
) f
(, ), f
(, ).
) f
(, ), ) ).
: , 257, 5.
:
f :
1 : f(x) >1,
f(x) (-1).
: f(x) >1. f(x)=
=(x-)(x) () 0. f(x)=(x-)-1(x)+(x-)(x)=
=(x-)-1[(x)+(x-)(x)]. f()=0 ()+(-)(x)=
=() 0. f(x) (-1).
2 : f(x)
(-1), >1 f(x)
f(x) .
: f(x)
. 1
f(x) (-1).
-1=-1 =. f(x)
.
:
)
52
x3-3x+2=0.
) x3+x2+x+1=0 >
1
3
.
4. f
, f,
. (
f
).
: , 257, 6.
5. f
:
) f, :
i)
f(x),
ii) f
( ).
) .
, f
, f,
( ) f(x)=0, f
.
x0 f
f + -, f(x0)
, f - +, f(x0)
.
f .
f,
f.
f .
f (, ),
f .
: , 268, 3, 4.
53
. f
( ) f. f()=0
f()>0 f(), f()<0
f().
:
f(x)=x3-12x2+36x-25.
6. Fermat :
) f
, x0 f
,
f, x x0
f(x0)=0 .
f
.
: , 269, 4.
) x
, 1
. x0
1 .
1 x0
. Fermat
f(x0)=0. .
: , 292, 7.
) f
x1, x2,,x,
f(x1)=f(x2)==f(x)=0.
.
: , 268, 5.
7. :
) :
54
f(x)>g(x) ( f(x)<g(x)) x,
h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
. h
h()=0,
x> h(x)>h() f(x)-g(x)>0 f(x)>g(x)
x>.
: , 269, 3.
) :
f( x ) g( x ) ( f( x ) g( x ) ) x,
h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
. h
x0= h()=0,
h( x ) h( ) h( x ) 0 f( x ) g( x ) x
.
: lnx x-1 x>0.
8. :
( x)
, ,
.
.
: , 268, 7, 8,
9, 10, 270, 7, 8,
9, 10.
55
1. ) e x x + 1 x ln x x 1
x>0.
) e>e.
2. f(x)=x4+4x+13, x .
) f.
2
) f( ) = 10 , * .
(134+83+16)(4+4+13)=1004.
3. (x)=x100+x+ ,
Q(x)=(x-1)2.
) =99 =-100.
) P( x ) 0 x .
) (x)+P(x) 0 x , , .
) Cf
.
4. f : (0, + ) f(x)=x2+e2-lnx, >2
f( x ) 0 x (0, + ).
) .
) Cf.
(1, f(1)),
(2-4) /sec.
.
5. f
:[1,
4]
f(2)<f(1)<f(4)<f(3).
) x1, x2 (1, 4) x1 x2 ,
f( x1 ) f( x ) f( x 2 ) x [1, 4].
) x0 (1, 4)
f(x0)=0.
6. f : :
f 3 ( x ) + 3f( x ) = x x .
56
) f .
) 0<<
f( )
f( ) f( )
.
>
7. f : (0, + ) f( x ) =
1 + ln x
.
x
) f .
) x, y >0,
1 + ln x + ln y
1.
xy
8. f:[, ] f()=,
f()= f(x)>0 x [, ].
) x0 (, )
f(x0)=x0.
) x1, x2 (, ) x1 x2 ,
f(x1)f(x2)=1.
) f( x ) + x x [, ].
9. (x)=x4-4x+15, x .
) () (x).
) P(x)=0 .
10. ,
4 e x ( 2 + 2 + 4 ) x + 4 x .
) , .
) , )
.
11. f : (0, + )
xe f ( x ) = f 2 ( x ) + 2 x .
) f(x) f(x).
) f .
) ( ) f-1.
12. f, g : g ( x ) 0
f' ( x ) g( x ) = f( x ) g' ( x ) + e x x .
) h( x ) =
f( x )
.
g( x )
) f( x ) g ( x 2 ) < f( x 2 ) g ( x ) .
13. f
57
f(0)=1
f(x)f(x)-f2(x)=xe2x x .
) f.
) f.
14. f
e
f(x)
f(x)>0
+lnf(x)=x+e x .
) f( 0 ) = 1.
) f f.
) lnx<x<ex x>0.
) f.
15. f(x)=ax+x >1.
) f .
) f.
) x
2x
x 2 x 2 + 3x 2 .
) x=-x.
16. f : :
1
f 3 ( x ) + f( x ) 2 = e x x 2 x + 1 x .
2
) f(0).
) ex-x-1=0.
) f.
) f .
17. f( x ) =
ln x
.
x2
) f.
2
) e x x 2 e x>0.
2
) x x 2 x>0, =e.
18. f : : f(x)f(x)=x
x .
) f.
) f
58
9.
,
DE
HOSPITAL,
Cf
.
1. f
, f ,
f(x) f(x)>0 f(x)<0 .
f(x)>0 ,
. f(x)<0 ,
. f(x)=0
, .
:
1. .
2. f
,
f
,
. (.x. f(x)=(x-1)4).
3.
,
.
: , 277, 2.
2. f
,
f(x)=0
f.
f .
.
: , 278, 1.
3. f
59
Cf
, f,
,
f. (
f
).
: , 278, 3.
4. f
x1, x2,,x,
f(x1)=f(x2)==f(x)=0.
.
: >0
f( x ) =
x
ln
x
x0=1.
5. f
, x0 f
,
f, x x0
f(x0)=0 .
f
.
: , 279, 5.
6. :
) Jensen : f : [, ]
f'' ( x ) 0 [, ],
f'' ( x ) 0 [, ],
f ( ) + f( )
+
f(
)
2
2
f ( ) + f( )
+
f(
).
2
2
: f'' ( x ) 0 [, ].
x1 (,
60
+
)
2
Cf
+
) f( )
+
2
f' ( x1 ) =
f(
) f( ) =
f' ( x1 ) .
2
2
2
+
x2 (
, )
2
+
)
f( ) f(
+
2
f(
f' ( x2 ) =
) f( ) =
f' ( x 2 ) .
2
2
2
f(
2f(
) [ f( ) + f( )] =
[ f' ( x1 ) f' ( x2 )] (1).
2
2
x3 (x1,
x2) f'' ( x 3 ) =
f' ( x 2 ) f' ( x1 )
.
x 2 x1
(1)
:
+
2f(
) [ f( ) + f ( )] =
( x1 x 2 ) f'' ( x 3 ) 0
2
2
f'' ( x ) 0 [, ] x1<x2. :
f ( ) + f( )
+
) . f'' ( x ) 0
f(
2
2
[, ].
: f :
f( )
f(x)>0 x f(0)=0. f( )
2
2
.
) :
f
f.
f(x).
Cf . f
.
: lnx x-1 x>0.
61
Cf
. DE L HOSPITAL
1.
,
0
, L Hospital .
: , 285, 4.
2. 0
1
.
y
x =
: lim+ x ln x .
x0
3. f(x)-g(x)
f(x)-g(x)=f(x)(1-
g( x )
).
f( x )
.
0
: lim ( x ln x ) .
x +
4. 1 , 0
0 f(x)g(x)
f(x)g(x)=eg(x)ln[f(x)]
.
: lim+ x x .
x0
5. ,
L Hospital,
x0
.
f( x )
= 2 . f(1).
x 1 x 2 1
lim
62
Cf
Cf
1.
.
:
, .
: , 285, 1.
2. +
(, + )
( , ). -
,
, :
) >+1 .
) =+1 y=x+ +
.
) y=
< y=0.
:
.
.
.
: , 285, 3.
3. x=x0
x0
+1.
4. ,
Cf,
( , , ),
Cf ( )
Cf.
: , 290, 2.
63
Cf
. ,
DE L HOSPITAL,
Cf
e ( 3) x 1
+ x
1. f( x ) =
x
xe x
x < 0
x 0
x0=0.
) f ( , 0).
) f [0, + )
Cf (1, f(1)).
) f( x ) 2ex e x .
) (0, f(0)) Cf.
2.
f:
lim f( x ) = +
x +
e x 1 + f 2 ( x ) 1 = e x ( f( x ) + c ) x c .
) c.
) f.
) f(x)=f(x) x ,
f.
3. f [, ].
) x (a, ) x1, x2 (, )
f' ( x1 ) =
)
f( x ) f( )
f( ) f( x )
f' ( x2 ) =
.
x
x
f ( x ) f( )
f ( ) f( x )
<
x (a, ).
x
x
4. f(x)=x5+5x4+10x3+x2+x+1
.
) f(x)=0 .
) 2>.
5. f : f(x)<0 x .
) f f x0=1
f.
) g(x)=e-f(x) .
6. :
64
Cf
x4
) lim 2
.
x0 x
+ 2x 2
x x
) lim
.
x0
x2
x
e 1 x
2
) lim (
x0
2 x
ex
).
x
x
x 2
) lim
x0
1
x.
7. f f(0)=f(0)=0 f(0)=2.
) lim
f( x )
.
x
) lim
f' ( x )
.
x
) lim
2 x + f( x )
.
f' ( x ) ln( x + 1)
x0
x0
x0
8. f : y=2x+3.
) lim
f( x )
.
x
) lim [ f( x ) 2 x ] .
x
)
lim
9.
x 2 + 3 f ( x ) + 2 x 2 + x + 3
= 4 .
x 2 f( x ) 2 x 3 + 2 x 1
1
x
e + 2 x
f( x ) =
2
ln( x + 1) x
x
x 0
x > 0
f , , .
10. f : , f(0)=2
x0=0 0.
f( x )
g( x ) = x
0
) lim
x0
x 0
x = 0
f' ( x )
.
x
65
Cf
) lim
x0
f( x )
= 1.
x2
) g(x).
)
66
g(x)
Cf
10. A
.
1. :
. :
f, g
:
1. f ( x )dx = f( x )dx , 0.
2. ( f( x ) g( x ) )dx = f( x ) g( x )dx ,
, 0 ( f( x ) g( x ) )dx = f( x ) g( x )dx .
3. f' ( x )dx = f( x ) + c , c .
. :
1. f( x )dx = f ( x )dx , .
3. f( x )dx = 0 .
4. f( x )dx = f( x )dx .
5. f' ( x ) dx = [ f ( x )] = f( ) f( ) .
6. f [, ]
f( x ) 0 x [, ], f( x )dx 0 .
:
) f( x ) 0
x [, ], f( x )dx
Cf, x=, x= xx.
) .
5 2
.x. 0
[0, 5/2].
7. f , ,
).
67
: , 308, 2, 3, 4,
309, 4, , 333, 1,
2, 3, 4, 338, 2, 3, 4, 339,
8.
2. :
f(x)=0
0dx = c
0 dx = [ c] = c c = 0
f(x)=
dx = x + c
dx = [x ] =
N *
f(x)=x , 1
x + 1
x dx =
+ c
+1
x *
x +1
x dx = [
]
+1
Z { 0, 1}
( 0, + )
1
f( x ) =
x
1
x
f( x ) =
f( x ) =
1
dx = ln x + c
x
1
x dx = 2 x + c
x2
1
dx =
x
dx = [ln x ]
x
( , 0 ) ,
( 0, + )
( 0, + )
[2 x ]
1
2 dx = [ ]
x
x
1
dx =
+ c
x
x2
(
, 0 ) ,
( 0, + )
f( x ) = e x
x
x
e dx = e + c
x
e dx = [ e x ]
f(x)=x
xdx =-x+c
xdx = [ x ]
f(x)=x
xdx =x+c
xdx = [x ]
f( x ) =
1
2 x
1
dx = x + c
2 x
dx = [x ]
2 x
, + )
2
2
Z
f( x ) =
1
2 x
f(x)=
f( x ) =
1
x ln
1
2 x
dx = x + c
dx = [ x ]
2 x
x
+ c
ln
x
x
dx
=
[
]
ln
= log x + c
x ln dx = [log x ]
x
dx =
x ln dx
68
(, + )
Z
( 0, + )
>1, 1
:
x + , 0 ,
.
:
) ( 3x 2)dx =
)
x + 2
( 3x 2)
+ c.
3
dx = e x + 2 + c .
ln 5 x + 1
1
dx =
+ c.
5x + 1
5
3. :
1. :
)
( ...),
.
` ) x
.
) x
.
: , 307, 1, 338,
1.
2. :
) :
( x + )dx =
( x + )dx =
( x + )
+ c.
( x + )
+ c.
( x + )
1
dx =
+ c.
( x + )
2
( x + )
1
dx =
+ c.
( x + )
2
) :
2(x)+2(ax)=1.
2(x)-2(ax)=(2x).
69
2(x)(x)=(2x).
2 ( x ) =
2 ( x ) =
2 ( x ) =
1 (2x )
.
1 + (2x )
2 ( x ) =
1 + (2x )
.
1 (2x )
2 ( x ) =
1
1.
( x )
2 ( x ) =
1
1.
( x )
1 (2x )
.
2
1 + (2x )
.
2
) :
1
(x)(x)= (2x).
2
1
= [(+)+(-)].
2
1
= [(+)+(-)].
2
1
= [(-)-(+)].
2
) :
: xdx , xdx .
,
.
: , 317, 5 i), ii).
: x xdx .
, ,
.
: , 317, 5 iii).
: xdx , xdx .
=1 :
=
xdx =
( x )'
x
dx =
dx =
x
x
[ln x ]' dx = ln x + c .
70
=2
1
1)dx =
2 x
2
xdx = (
1
dx dx = x x + c .
2 x
>2
( x ) ( x )dx ,
( x )( x )dx , ( x ) ( x )dx .
.
: , 317, 6.
3. :
) :
f' g fg'
f
f
dx = ( )' dx =
+ c.
2
g
g
g
f'
dx = [ln f ]' dx = ln f + c .
f
1
dx = ln x + c .
x
ln x +
1
dx =
+ c.
x +
) :
f'
dx = [ln f ]' dx =
f
= ln f + c .
1=
2x 3
x2 1
dx
=
dx .
2
x 2 3x + 2
x 3 3x + 4
,
.
71
:
x+1
= 2
dx .
x 5x + 6
x+1
A
B
:
+
.
=
2
x2
x3
x 5x + 6
x + 1 = A( x 3) + B( x 2) .
:
: ( ) :
x + 1 = A( x 3) + B( x 2) x+1=(A+B)x+(-3A-2B).
+=1 3+2=-1 =-3 =4.
: (
x + 1 = A( x 3) + B( x 2) x 2
x 3. =-3
=4.
: =
=
x+1
dx
x 5x + 6
2
3
4
dx +
dx = 3 ln x 2 + 4 ln x 3 + c .
x2
x3
, :
A1
A
A
B
K
+
+ ... +
+
+ ... +
2
x
( x )
x 1
x
( x )
1,
2,,
1.
x +1
dx .
x 3x + 2
3
,
((x)=(x)(x)+(x))
.
x 2x + 1
dx .
x 2 5x + 6
4. :
72
, .
:
) :
.
) :
.
) :
,
.
) :
.
: , 316, 1.
) :
A( x )
A( x )
dx ,
dx (x)
2
x
2 x
1
1
= (x )'
= ( x )' .
2
x
2 x
) :
f,
73
.
: , 340, 10,
11.
) :
+1
.
e
: I = 1 (ln x ) dx .
) I = e I 1 .
) 4.
5. ( ) :
) : f(x)
[, ] x=(u) 1-1 [u1, u2]
(u1)= (u2)=, x=(u)
dx=(u)du f( x )dx = uu12 f( ( u))' ( u)du .
1
: I = 1 1 x 2 dx .
)
f( g ( x )) g' ( x )dx , g ( x ) = u .
f( u)du
g(x)dx=du.
: ( f( x )) f' ( x )dx
f' ( x )
dx .
( f( x ))
f(x)=u
: u du
1
du .
u
I = ( x 6 x + 4 ) ( x 3)dx .
f( x )
f( x )
f' ( x )dx
: u du
74
u
e du .
1
: I = 0 xe x
+3
dx .
f' ( x )
dx .
f( x )
f(x)=u
:
du
= ln u + c = ln f( x ) + c .
u
: I =
1 + ex
dx .
x + ex
:
i) : f( x ) f' ( x )dx
f' ( x )
f( x )
dx .
f(x)=u.
I = x x 2 + 4 dx .
ii) : f( x ) g( x )dx .
f( x ) = u .
I = x 2 2 x + 1dx .
iii) :
75
A( x )
B( x )
( x)
dx .
(
) .
I =
x
x2 + 2
dx .
x2 + 1
:
i) : xdx xdx
x xdx .
,
2x=1-2x 2x=1-2x x=u
x=u
.
: I = 3 xdx .
ii) : xdx xdx
3 . , ,
: I = xdx =
= 2 x 2 xdx =
= u
du I 2
x = u
1
2 xdx 2 xdx =
2
x
u 1
1 x
I 2
=
I 2 =
1
1
I-2 .
: I = 3 xdx .
iii) :
f( x )dx = g( x )dx .
u=-x u =
x (u=-x u=2-x).
2
: f( x ) g ( x ) dx f(x), g(x)
. u
.
I = ( x 1) 2 ( x + 4 ) 6 dx .
76
1
: f( e x )dx f(ln x ) dx .
x
ex
u ,
lnx=u.
: I =
ln 2 x
dx .
x
,
u,
u x.
: f( x )dx = f( + x )dx .
6.
F( x ) = f( t )dt
) :
: f
x
F( x ) = f( t )dt
F' ( x ) = f( x ) x .
)
. :
x
( f( t )dt )' = f( x ) .
( x f( t )dt )' = f( x ) .
( x)
).
(x)
).
(x)
(x)
(x)
( ).
: , 338, 5.
)
, , ,
. , ,
77
.
: , 339, 3.
)
. ,
(0/0),
De l Hospital.
x ,
f [, ] f
[, ],
.
: , 339, 6.
x +1
: lim ( x
x +
+
1
1 + t2
dt ) . ( )
lim
x +
1 x
0 ( t + t )dt ) .
x2
( : f( x )dx f( x ) dx
f [, ].
)
f. ,
,
, f
x
.
.
: , 339, 5.
: f
x
4 e t f( t )dt = xx x .
f.
7. :
: f
[, ] (, )
78
f( x )dx
f( x )dx = f( )( ) . f( ) =
f [, ] f .
f( x )dx
) f . f =
.
: , 341, 1.
)
.
: f( x ) > 2 x [1, 5],
5
1 f( x )dx > 5 .
) x 0
(, )
,
Rolle
.
1
: 0 f( x )dx =
1
,
2
x 0 (0, 1) f( x 0 ) = x 0 .
8. :
f( x ) 0 x [, ],
f( x )dx
Cf, x=, x= xx.
f [, ].
)
E = f( x ) dx
f [, ].
: , 349, 1.
)
Cf, xx x=.
79
f(x)=0 1 2
.
E = 1 f( x ) dx E = 2 f ( x ) dx .
:
f( x ) =
x+1
,
x2 9
x' x x=2.
)
Cf xx. f(x)=0
1 2 .
E = 1 f( x ) dx .
: , 349, 3.
)
E = f( x ) g ( x ) dx
f(x)-g(x) [, ].
:
f( x ) =
1
,
x 1
g ( x ) = x + 4 x=3 x=5.
)
Cf Cg.
f(x)-g(x)=0 1 2
.
E = 12 f( x ) g ( x ) dx .
: , 349, 5.
)
.
.
.
: y=x+, xx
80
y=0
.
: , 350, 6,
10.
)
f,
yy y= y=.
( ),
, y=x, x=-y
2
y=-x, x=y , ).
:
y 2 = x , yy
y=2 y=-1.
9. :
f.
:
) f ( 0, + ) ,
: f( x ) = 1 +
1 x
f( t )dt
x 1
x ( 0, + ) .
) f
x
3 + 0 f( t ) e t dt = ( x 2 + 3) e x
x .
) f(x)
1
20 f ( tx ) dt = f( x ) x>0.
) f
1
0 e 1 x f( x )dx = f( x ) + e x x .
10. :
:
) f [, ]
f( x ) 0 x [, ], f( x )dx 0 .
) f, g [, ]
81
f( x ) g( x ) x [, ], f( x )dx g( x )dx .
)
[,
],
f( x )dx f( x ) dx .
) m f
:
1 :
-1
x
1
-1
x
1.
2 :
,
.
3 :
, [, ],
.
: , 353, 10.
82
.
1
1. f(x)=
x>0 f(9)=1 f.
x
2. f,
f (x)=x+2x f =6.
2
3. f,
f(x)=12x2+2,
(1, 1) 3.
4.
x>0,
1
.
e
5. f(x)ef(x)=2x+1 x,
f (1, f(1))
3/5, f.
6. f f(x)lnx+
f( x )
=ln(x+1)
x
x>1 f(2)=0. f.
7. f f(x)>0 , f(x)=-
f( x )
x2
x>0 f (2)=1. f.
8. f : ) f(x)+f(x)=1+e-x
x ) xo=0 2.
1
= f( x )dx .
0
9. f : f(0)=0
2f(x)=ex f(x) x .
1 + ex
.
) f(x)=ln
2
) G g(x)=x2008f(x),
h(x)=G(x)G(-x), x
h.
10. :
i)
3
dx , ii) ( x 3 3x + 4 )dx , iii) x dx .
4
x
83
11. :
3
i)
x2 4 x
dx , ii) x + x dx , iii) 2xdx .
x
12. :
i)
1
dx , ii) e 3 x + 5 dx , iii) ( e x + x )dx .
2
x
13. :
e x + 1
2 xx + x 2x
1 ln x
i)
dx , ii)
dx , iii)
dx .
e x
x2
2 x
14. :
i) 3xdx , ii) ( xe x + e x )dx , iii) 2 x x dx , iv) x
x dx .
15. :
i)
1
1
3
dx , ii)
dx , iii)
dx .
2x
x 3
2 4x
16. :
i)
ex
3x 2 + 1
1 + ln x
dx
,
ii)
dx , iii)
dx .
3
x
e + 3
x + x 8
x ln x
17. :
i) xdx , ii)
2x
dx , iii) 3xdx .
x +2
2
18. :
i)
2x
1 x2
dx , ii)
1
x ln x
dx , iii)
e x (1 + x )
xe x
dx .
19. :
i)
x
dx , ii)
x
ex
ex + 7
dx , iii)
2x 5
x2 5 x + 7
dx .
20. :
i)
1
dx , ii)
x x
2
1
dx , iii)
x + 7
x
1 2x2
dx .
21. :
i)
1
2x + 1
3x 4
dx , ii) 2
dx , iii) 2
dx .
x 1
x 5x + 6
x 9
2
22. :
i)
4
2x
1
dx , ii) 2
dx , iii) 2
dx .
x 4x
x + 6x + 9
x ( x 1)
3
23. :
84
x2 4 x 5
1
1
i) 2
dx , ii) 3
dx .
dx , iii)
x 3x + 2
x ( x + 2)
x ( x + 2) 2
24. :
i)
x2 + x 1
x3
x 1
dx
,
iii)
dx .
dx , ii)
2
x +1
x2 x
x 3x + 2
25. :
i)
x 3 3x + 4
x 4 3x 3 + 2 x 1
x3
dx
,
ii)
dx
,
iii)
dx .
2
x2
x3
x + x 2
26. :
i) x2xdx , ii) x(2x - 1)dx , iii) x
1
dx .
2 x
27. :
i) x 3xdx , ii) x 22xdx , iii) ( x 2 2 x + 1)2xdx .
28. :
i) xe x dx , ii) x 3e x dx , iii) ( x 2 + 1) e 3 x dx .
29. :
x
i) xe 5 dx , ii) x 2 x dx , iii) x e 3 x + 7 dx .
30. :
i) e xxdx , ii) e x 2xdx , iii) e 3 x 3xdx .
31. :
i) 2 x xdx , ii) (lnx)dx , iii) e xxdx , iv)
1
x +1
e x dx .
x
32. :
i) x 3 ln xdx , ii) xln(x 2 9)dx , iii)
ln x
dx .
x2
33. :
i) ln( x +
x ln xdx .
34. :
i) 2 x x 2 + 1dx , ii)
ex
x + 3
dx , iii) 2
dx .
x 2
(1 + e )
( x + 6x ) 4
35. :
i)
2 x
dx , ii) x(3 - x 2 )dx , iii) xxdx .
2
1 + x
36. :
85
ex
i) x
dx , ii) e x e x dx , iii) 4 xdx .
2
( e + 1)
37. :
i) xe x
+1
dx , ii) x 4 x 2 dx , iii) x ( 3x 2 + 1) 5 dx .
38. :
x
i)
x 2 + 16
x2
dx .
1+ x
39. :
e x
e x + e2 x
1
i)
dx , iii) 3 x
dx .
dx , ii)
x
e + e4x
x x +1
40. :
x3
dx ,ii) ( 3x 2 + 1)( x 3 + x )10 dx ,iii)
2x + 1
i)
1
2x - 1
dx .
2x 1
41. :
i) 3 3 x + 1 dx , ii)
4 e x
x
dx , iii)
dx .
x
3 x 2
1
42. :
i) 2 xdx , ii) ( 3x + 3x)2 dx , iii) 1 - 2x dx .
43. :
i) x 4 xdx , ii) 3x2xdx , iii) 2 x 2 xdx .
44. :
1
dx .
4x + 3x + 5
45. : 1 x 2 dx .
1
46. :
i) x 2 1 dx , ii) ( 1 x 4 x + 1 )dx , iii) 2 x 2 + x 3 dx ,
2
iv) ( x + 3 x 1 )dx .
1
xe 2 x
x 1
x >1
48. = ln xdx :
) I=xlnx--1.
) 3 4.
86
49. I= x e x dx , :
0
) .
)
-1.
) 4.
50. I= xdx , 2 I=
0
1
-2
4.
51. = x xdx :
) +1=x+1x+(+1)xx-(+1)-1,
2.
) 1 3.
52. xdx =
1 2
1
1xx +
xdx .
53. =
ex
dx x>0
x
ex
1
1. : =
.
+
1
( 1) x
1 1
54. I= xdx
,
2
0
-2
4 5.
55.
f(x)=x+1+
1
, xx
x +1
x=2 x=3.
56.
f(x)=-x2+4x, xx
x=2 x=3.
57.
f(x)=1-x-2 xx.
58.
f(x)=x35x2+4x xx.
59.
f(x)=x , xx
x=/4 x=-/4.
87
60.
x , y
f(x)=2+x-x2.
61.
f(x)=lnx, xx yy
y=1.
62.
f(x)=3-x g(x)=x2+1.
63.
f(x)=2x g(x)=2x2.
64.
f(x)=
e
g(x)=lnx x=
x
(>0).
lim E( ) , lim E ( ) .
+
0+
65.
f(x)=x
(, 0)
(0,0).
66.
f(x)=4x3+x2-2x, g(x)=43x-2x2
x=-1 x=2.
67. :
3
1
i) x xdx , ii)
,
(1 + 2 x )dx
4
12
6
0
4
1
iii) 0
4
1
e1
ln xdx
, iv) ln4 ln xdx ln 16 ,
x
e
2
v) 4 2 x dx 16 , vi)
1
4
1
1
2 x dx ,
8
2
2
3
27
x2
vii)
dx 6 .
4
3 1 x
2
68.
f:(0,+)
1
x
1
1
f(x)=
dt . f
dt +
2
2
0 1 + t
0 1 + t
x
88
69. N :
x
70. f , xo=0
x
xf( t )dt
f(0)=3, lim
x0
0
x
e x 1
x +1
f(-1).
72. F(x)=
x + 2006
f( t )dt : F(x)=f(x+1)-f(x).
73. f, g, f, g [, ]
f()=f()=g()=g()=0,
f( x ) g ( x ) dx = f( x ) g( x )dx .
74. f R
x f(
3
1
-x)=f( +x) f( )=,
2
2
4
2
: 2xf( x ) dx = 1 .
75. :
1 4
3 2
+ 2008
2008
x dx =
) xdx =
x dx >0.
( x 2008)dx .
76. f ,
:
+
) : f( x )dx = f ( + x )dx .
2
1
.
77. P(t) , t ,
(t)=(t) (1),
89
>0 .
(t) , :
) P(t).
)
1920 , 5.000.000
1990 10.000.000,
.
)
, 2010.
x
,
4
)
3
Cf (x0, f(x0))
y=x.
x
80. h(x)=(x-1) 2
lnt
dt , x>0.
t
) h(x) .
) Rolle h
[1, 2].
)
(1, 2)
1-
lnt
ln= 2
dt .
t
x=0, x=2.
) Cf
x= xx
90
x=
. f [, ],
4
f (x) dx .
83. f,
[, ], ,
f (x) dx + f (x) dx .
84. f(x)=1+
1
.
x2
) .
)
5
2
1 f (x) dx 2.
4
) Cf,
xx x=2 x=4.
) xx
.
85. f : R* (0, + )
f (x)=x2 f(x) f (1)=
2004
.
e
) f f(x)=2004e
1
x
g(x)=
f (x)
, xx
x2
x=1 x=2.
86. h(x)=ex.
) f g R,
f(x)+g(x)=h(x).
) f, g.
) ()
f, g x=0 x= >1.
) lim ().
+
87.
f , g R
f(x)-g(x)=(x2+2x-1)ex xR.
) h(x)=f(x)g(x) Ch
(0, -1).
91
Cf,
Cg .
88. f R
x
20 e t f ( t )dt = ( e x + 1) f( x ) 4
x
R.
f R .
89. f R f(1)=f(1)=0.
1 1 2
x f'' ( x )dx .
20
) 0 f( x )dx =
6
1
= 0 f( x )dx .
x +1
) f'' ( x ) =
90. ) ex>x-1 x
R.
)
f(x)=x+xe-x.
f
(0, f(0)) 2x-+7=0.
) :
i) f R
=x f
x + .
ii) ()
f, =x x=0
x= (>0).
iii) lim E ( ) .
+
91. g ( x ) =
f( t )
dt f
ex
[, ], >0 f( x )dx = 0 .
(, ) f( x )dx = f ( ) .
92. F( x ) = f( x t )dt f
f(x)>0 x .
a) F
F(x).
) x0 F(x0)=0 F(x)=0
x .
93.
1
0
1 x
f( x )dx = f( x ) + e
x .
92
94. f f( x ) = 0 (1 + 0 f( u)du)dt
x .
) f.
) f 1-1.
)
1
ln( )
x
= 0
95.
ex
0 (1 + 0 f( u)du)dt =
(1 + 0 f( u)du)dt ( 0, + ) .
f( x ) 0
f( x ) = 1 2x 2 0 tf 2 ( xt )dt x .
g(x) g( x ) =
1
x2 .
f( x )
) f' ( x ) = 2 xf 2 ( x ) x .
) g .
) f f( x ) =
1
,
x +1
2
x .
x+2
) lim x + f( t ) dt , x>0.
x +
96. f : ( 0, + )
x
) g( x ) = 2 f( t )dt
.
x
) 2 f( t )dt = 1 x
(1,
93
3).
11.
1.
z : z4= ( z) 2 .
) |z|=0 |z|=1.
) z0 z =
1
.
z
) z0 z6=1.
) z z4= ( z) 2 .
) z
z0.
2.
w =
z + 2i
, z=x+i x, .
z+2
) w +i , .
) z, w .
) z, w
.
) z,
Re(w)=Im(w).
) z 2+2=4,
w =x.
3.
z z3+|z|=0.
) |z|.
) z3+|z|=0.
) z1 z2 ,
z13 z23 .
) =z12004+z22004.
4.
z, w :
lim
z 3 4i x 2 w 3 6i x + 2
x 1
x 1
1
.
2
) z.
) w.
) |z-w|.
5.
94
) z
w=2+2i.
6.
f, [0, 2]
z1=f(0)+i z2=1+f(2)i. |z1+z2|=|z1-z2| ,
f(x)=0 [0, 2].
7.
f, [, ]
(, ) f()>>0. z =
+ if( )
. z
if( )
f(x)=x
(, ).
8.
2 x 2 3x + 1
z
1
+
, x < 1
2
x
1
: f( x ) =
. f
1
z + i + x ,
x 1
z
.
9.
f, g
[, ] g(x)g(x)0, x (, ). w=f()+g()i,
z=g()+f()i w + z = w z ,
xo (, ) :
f' ( x 0 )
g' ( x 0 )
f( x 0 )
g( x 0 )
= 0.
z1, z2 .
) z112+z212=-27.
)
f( 0 ) =
[0, 4]
1
1
, f(4)=z12+z22,
+
z1
z2
(0, 4) f()=
1
.
4
11. f(z)=|z+i|, z C
f( z)
= 2 (1).
f( z)
95
)
.
) : z
5
4
z C,
i =
3
3
(1).
) .
) g(z)=z-3, z
(1).
g(z).
12. z1 z2 f
: f(x)=|z1x+z2|, x .
) g(x)=f(x)+f(-x).
) Cf x+
(0, |z2|), w = z1 z2
.
) : 2+|z2||z1+z2|<2|z2|+|z1+z2|
z1=1
1
dt = ln( x +
f( t )
z2=i,
x 2 + 1), x R .
13. z1 z2
: (z1+z2)2001=(z1-z2)2001. f
f(x)=|xz1+z2|, x . :
)
z1 z 2 + z2 z 1 = 0 .
) f .
) x0 (-1, 1) f(x0)= 3x02-1.
) f |z2|.
14. z, w C* f
2x + w + z
f(x)= 2
x + 3 w x + z + w
x 0
.
x > 0
lim f( x )
x0
z
.
w
15. f [, ] f(x) 0
x [, ].
96
z : z +
1
1
= f( ) z 2 + 2 = f 2 ( ) .
z
z
:
) x3f()+f()=0 (-1, 1).
) |f()|<|f()|.
16. z |z|=1 f
f(x)=|xz+ z |2, x . 30 f( x )dx = 7
1
z .
17.
x +1
lim x +
x +
C-{0,1}
z
dt = 1.
z1
z .
18. f [, ] 0 [, ]
zx=x+if(x), x [, ].
z z (, )
f' ( ) =
f( )
.
19. f [, ],
(, ) z=e-f()+3i w=-f()-i.
Re(z- w )=2f() x0 (, )
f(x0)+f(x0)=0.
20. f : : (fof)(x)=2-x
x .
) f(1)=1.
) f .
) f .
) f-1(x)=2-f(x), x .
21. f : : f(x)x2+xf(x-1)+2x
x .
) f.
) Cf
(2, 5).
22. f : [, ] [, ]
(, ), f()=2 f()=2. :
) f(x)=2x (, ).
97
) 1, 2 (, ) : f(1)f(2)=4.
23. f : [0, 4]
f(0)=f(4)=2 f
[0, 4].
) f( x ) 2 x [0, 4].
) f [0, 4] 3,
x1, x2 (0, 4)
1
1
= 4.
f' ( x1 ) f' ( x2 )
) g(x)= f( x ) + x (x)= 2 x x
[0, 4]. x0 (0, 4)
C Cg x0
.
24. f : f(0)=1
f( x ) f' ( x ) + f2 ( x ) = xe 2 x x .
) f.
) f.
) y=-x+1 Cf.
25. f :
f 3 ( x ) + f( x ) = x x .
) f(0).
) f
.
) xf' ( x ) < f( x ) < x x>0.
26.
( 0, + )
f( xy ) = f( x ) + f( y ) + xy x y 1 x, y .
) f(1) .
) f x0=1 f' (1) = 3 ,
f ( 0, + )
.
) f(x)=2x x (0, 2].
27. f : [1, + )
xf' ( x ) + 2 x 2 ln x = 2 x 2 f ( x ) + e x ,
x [1, + ) ,
98
) f [1, + ) .
) f.
) f(x)>2x2+lnx x [1, + ) .
28. f : : f(x)=f(x) x
f(0)=f(0)=1.
) g ( x ) =
f' ( x ) + f( x )
ex
.
) f(x)+f(x)=2ex, x .
) f.
29. f(x)=ex+e-x-x2-2.
) f .
) f .
) f (-, 0] [0, +).
) f(x)=0.
) ex+e-xx2+2 x .
30. f(x)=3x4+4x3-(10+)x2+. f
x0=1 f(x0)=2, :
) , .
) f .
) f.
) f(x)=0.
) f.
) f.
) 3x4+4x3+3212x2 x .
31. f
f3(x)+3f(x)=x3+3x+3ex-3 x .
) f .
) f(x).
) f(x)=0.
) f.
) f .
99
32.
f( x ) =
f,
x z
x + z
x2 + z
z=+i, , 0
.
) lim f( x ) , lim f( x ) .
x +
) f, |z+1|>|z-1|.
) f.
33. f( x ) =
x 3 4x
.
x2 1
) f.
) Cf xx.
) Cf
xx.
) Cf .
) f .
) f
f.
) x3-x2-4x+=0,
.
34. f : :
1
1
2
+
= x
f( x )
f' ( x )
e
x . f(0)=1, :
) I = ( f( x ) + f' ( x )) e x dx .
) f(x)=ex, x .
35. F f : ,
: F2(x)F(x)F(-x) x , 0.
) F(0)=F().
) f(x)=0 .
36. f : :
g( x ) = f( x t )dt , x <.
) g.
) g()=g().
) (, ) , f(-)=f(-).
100
37.
<.
f( x + t )dt f ( x )dx x , :
+ x
) : ++ x f( x + t )dt f( x )dx x .
)
g( x ) = f( x + t )dt f( t )dt .
) g .
) f()=f().
) f , ,
f()=0.
e t + t
dt , x .
t
x 1 + e
x
38. : f( x ) =
) f(x).
) f(x)=x+x x .
) f-1 : [0, ][0, ].
) Cf Cf-1
x=0 x= =4 ..
39. f(x)= x lnx.
) .
) .
) :
i)
ii)
40. f, g
x3
x3 + 1
: g ( x ) = 0 f( t 1)dt + 0
f( t 1)dt .
) g g(x).
) g x0=1
f(0)=f(-1).
)
(0,
1)
f(3-1)=f(-3).
x2
41. f( x ) =
t2 1
dt .
t3 + 1
) .
) f(x) .
) f .
101
) f(x)=0.
42. f, f' ( x ) =
2x 1
ex
f(0)=-1.
) f.
)
f g g ( x ) =
f( x )
2x 1
x=1.
43. f, g f=g, g=f
f(x)>0, x g(-x)g(x)<0, x 0.
) f, g .
) : g(x)>xf(0), x>0.
) f, g .
) h(x)=e-x(f+g)(x) (x)=ex(f-g)(x)
.
) f(0)=1, f, g.
44. f :
[ f' ( x )] 2 + f( x ) f' ( x ) =
ex
, x , f(0)=1, f(0)=0.
2
) f2(x)=ex+c1x+c2, c1, c2 .
) f2.
) f( x ) =
e x x , x .
) : I =
f( x ) f'' ( x )
dx , x>0.
ex 1
45. f f(x)>0
lnf(x)+ef(x)=x x .
) f .
) f .
) f(x)=1 f(x)=e.
e2 + 1
) I = 1 f 1 ( x )dx + e
46.
x
1
f( x )dx .
) : 0
e x f' ( x )dx = 14 .
) : f(x)=3e2x-2, x .
102
) Cf A(0, f(0)).
)
Cf, x=ln2.
47. f [1, +) f(x)1
f(x)-lnf(x)=x x1.
) f(1).
) f(x)=1 f(x)=e.
) f .
) f.
)
Cf-1, 1 x=e.
48. f * f(x)=1+xe-f(x)
e f( x) + x + 1
1 x 0.
ex
) : ( e f ( x ) x )' = xe x , x 0 f(x)=ln(ex-x-1), x 0.
) f * .
) I = x 2 f' ( x ) e f ( x ) dx .
49. f, g
x
f' ( )
.
2
) 0 f( t )dt =
1 2
f( t )dt .
2 0
) ( x ) =
1 x
f( t )dt
x 0
)
(1, 2) f( ) = 0 f( t )dt .
51. f
2f(x)+f(2004-x)= -x , x .
) f .
) g(x)=
103
f( x )
.
ln x
) h(x)=x2f(x), , :
52.
[f(x)]
1821
f
3
f(x)
+[f(x)] =-e
, >0, x .
) f(x)=c , x , c .
) g(x)=
f( x )
.
ex 1
53. f :
f(x)+f(x)=1 , x f(0)=e+1.
) lim ( lim f(xy)).
x 2
y +
) f .
54. f
( f f f )(x)=x
( f f )(x)=g(x) , x . Cg
9
) , :
2
1
1
) f( g( x ))dx = .
2
0
(1, 3) (2,
) ( f f f )( t )dt =
1
3
( f 2006
2
).
55.
f(x)+f(x-1002)=0, x . :
) f(x+2004)=f(x), x .
)
2005
2006
56.
J=
x 4 + f( x ) 2004
I=
dx ,
x2 + x + 1
3
5
3
x4
x3 x 1
dx
,
K=
dx .
2
x2 + x + 1
8 x + x + f ( x ) 2003
IJK.
104
57.
2 x +1
f(x)= g (2 x t )dt .
1
) : f(x)+f(x)=2[g(2x-1)+2g(2x-1)],
x .
) g xx
g ,
h(x)=f(x)+f(x) .
58. ) : (x2 + x +1)11(2x2 x +1)7+
+(x2 + x +1)7(2x2 x +1)11=x22x.
2x 2 + x + 9
+5(x23x+2)<0.
2
x + 4x + 7
) : 2ln
59.
x 1
g( x )
f(1)=12.
( x 1) 3
) x f(x) 0, g
.
60. f
: f(4)(x)+f(3)(x)=x+x, x
f(0)=1, f(0)=0,
f(0)=-1 f(3)(0)=0.
) f.
) :
1
dx .
f( x )
) : S= f2 (
3
x )dx + f 2 ( x )dx .
2
3
) f2 ( x )dx 216.
5
105
x [0, 1] ln 2 f( x )dx +
0
x
f(x)= e
1
1
=2 x2 ln f( x )dx .
5
0
, x [0, 1].
1
) :
f( x )
dx .
f(1 x ) + f( x )
2a
, , .
) f(x)=0
(0, ).
)
f( x )dx =,
(0, ) f()=.
65. ) f
f(x)=0 ( ),
f(x)=0 +1
.
) : 4x= x2+15 10.
66. f(x)=ex+x3+x, x .
) f
f1.
) f1(x)=0.
) f1
, f1 1.
67. ) f [, ]. f
[, ], :
f( )
f( )
1
f( x )dx + f ( x )dx =f()f().
) f(x)=ex+x5. :
e+1
1
f ( x )dx .
106
68. ) f .
: f(x)= f 1 ( x )
f(x)=x.
x
) f(x)=x+ e t dt , x , f
2004
: f(x)= f 1 ( x ) .
69. f(x)=
e x + 3x + 5 x
, x .
ex + x + 4x
) f + .
) f .
) g(t)= e
( t )
, : lim
f( x) + 1
x +
( g ( t ) + 2t ) dt .
f( x)
70. f .
) x, y f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y),
, f ( x )dx =0 ( ).
3x
) x f( t )dt 3x 1 ,
1
f( x)
3
3
f( t )dt = ( f( x )) x
.
71. f [0, 10]
g g(x)=
6( f( x ))2 + 3f( x ) + 3
6( f ( x )) 3 ( f( x ))2 + f ( x ) 2
.
) f .
) g f, g.
72. : z2(2)z+1=0, (0,
).
4
.
) z1, z2 .
z1 + z2 =
z1 + z2
3
z1, z2.
73. f(z)= z i z , z
C.
) : f(z)=2i.
107
) f( z ) =
2 z .
) z = 1
w=f(z) .
74. : z z +4Re[(12i)z]+4=0 (1).
)
.
) z1, z2 ,
z 1 z2 8 .
) t1, t2 z1 z2 (
. ) z1 z2 ,
t1 + t2
+ 10( t1 t2 )
= 2 4 + 15 N*.
75. f : : f3(x)+2x2f(x)=33x
x . lim
x0
f( x )
= :
x
) =1.
) :
i)
ii)
iii)
lim
f(x )
.
x
lim
f( f( x ))
.
x
lim
f( x 2 x )
.
x 2 3x + 2
x0
x0
x0
76. f : ,
f( x )
= 1 :
x 1 x 1
. lim
) : lim
x
f(x )
.
x
) : f(1)=0.
f( x )
,
) , g( x ) = x 1
x 1
x = 1
.
) =1 g
() : y=2x xo (0, 1).
108
77. f : : f( x ) x 1
x .
) : lim
x +
f( x )
= 1.
x
) :
i)
ii)
iii)
f( x )
, N *.
x + x
1
lim ( xf( )) .
x0
x
lim
x2 x 2
x2
lim
f(
).
x +
x +1
x2
78. f : f(
x
x
) =
x 1
x1
x 1 .
) : lim
x +
x
= 0.
x 1
) f(1).
) xo (
,
) : f(xo)=0.
6 2
f, xx, yy x=u
E(u)=euf(u) u 0 :
) f(x)+f(x)=ex x [0, + ).
) lim
x +
f( x ) 1
= 0.
x
) f.
) f(x)=
1
x.
2
80. f f(x)>2007
x . Cf y=2006x+1
.
81. f (e, + )
x
f(x)=1+ 0 e f ( t ) dt x (e, + ).
) f(x)=ln(x+e).
) f .
109
) Cf
x Oy.
)
z Re(z) 0 ,
e f ( x ) + 2e x x z e + 2 x
(e, + ).
82. f f2(x)=2xf(x)x2f(2x)
x f(2)=0.
) f(x)x]2=x2 [1f(2x)] x .
) f(x) 1 x .
) Cf xx ,
x=1 f f(1)=1.
83. f, g . fog
g( x )
0
1-1,
(fog)(0)=0
x
0
) g(x)=-1 x * .
g( x ) + x
) 0
f( t )dt = 1 , x .
84. ) :
) f(x)= ln x , x [1, e]
) 1 ln x dx + 0 e x dx = e .
2
) h(x)= 1 e t dt . :
) h(x) exe , x [0, + ).
1
) 0 h( x )dx =
1 e
.
2
1 2x
2
x f( u)du 1 f( x )dx .
x
f xx
x=1 x=2.
86. ) exx x+1x x x
[0, + ).
x x
) f(x)= x
, x 0. :
e x
110
i) f.
ii) , xx=(exx)+(exx) x
[0, + ).
iii)
f, xx x=0 x=
.
4
x .
) f(1)=
1
.
e
) f (x)>0 x .
) f(x)=x
(0, 1).
) z
z 2ef(1) + i =
5
2
88. f (x)=
1 + x 2010
+ 2,
x .
) f .
) f(x)=
.
x+1
) : lim x + f( t )dt .
x +
+
89. f , f(x) 0 x ,
1
f(2005)= , f(2007)=3 f(1)f(2)=f(3)f(4).
2
) f()=1.
) xo [1, 2] f2(x)=f(1)f(2).
) f .
90. f 0,
xf(x)+x4(
f(0)=2006
1
)=(x), 0 x * .
x
) f .
) .
) lim f( x ) lim f( x ) .
x
x +
111
) f(x)=0 .
91. f :
,
A(1, f(1)) ,
x 0 f(x)
f' ( x )
=xex .
x
x2
) f(x)=xe e e
+ 1.
2
x
) f(e2004 ) f(2004).
) g ,
e
1
g(0) 0 g ( f( x ))dx g (1 ) .
2
+ i
92. z C , , , (1 + iz) =
(1).
+ i
) z .
) z
.
) z
.
) 4 < z 3 + 4i < 7 .
) z1 , z2 C (1) z1 z2 2 .
93. z1 , z2 , z3 z1 = z2 = z3 =
Re(
z
z1
z
1
) = Re( 2 ) = Re( 3 ) = .
z2
z3
z1
2
) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 .
) z1 , z2 , z3 .
94. z 2 z + = 0 , z C , , z1, z2
z1=2+i.
a) , .
) z12008+z22008 .
) A(z1), B(z2), (z3) z1 , z2 ,
z3 z3 =
z1
1
+ (17 + i) .
z2
5
i) .
112
ii) w z1 = w z1 , w .
iii) w,
w z2 + w z2 = 10 ,
.
95. f f( 1) > 0
z =
z =
z
(1
2
f ( 1) f( 0 )
4 3
i ,
+
2
f(1)
3i) .
) f(-1)f(0)f(1)=8.
) 2 Re( z) = z .
) f(-1)<2<f(1).
)
1 < f 1 ( z ) < 0 .
96. f g :
g( x ) =
(1 f( )) x 7 + x 5 + 1
, .
f ( ) x 6 + 4 x 4 + 2
) :
lim g ( x ) lim g ( x ) .
x +
) lim g ( x ) .
x +
) f( x ) 0 x f(2008)>0,
lim g ( x ) = + .
) f( ) [0, 1] h(x)=g(x)+2008+, x ,
lim h( x ) = 1 , f().
x +
97. f : f( ) =
f
f( x ) + e
f( x)
, f
= x x .
) lim f( x ) = + .
x +
) f .
) f f-1.
) f .
113
) Cf,
3
xx x=1 x=e+1 E =
2
..
98.
f :
xf( x ) + 5
1
x f(0)=3.
=
2
2
1 + f (x)
x2 + 9 , x .
) f( x ) = x +
) g(x)=ln(f(x)) :
i) g.
ii)
I = 0
iii)
1
2
x + 9
dx .
J+9I=K,
4
0
J =
x2
x2 + 9
dx
K = 0 x 2 + 9dx .
iv) J+K=20.
v) J, K.
vi) g g-1.
99. z=x+yi
x ,
w = z2
1
z
f .
) x0
z 2
1
.
z
, f()=0.
1
) : I = 0 Re( w )dx .
100. f :
f(2 x + 1) 7
= 10 .
x 1
x1
lim
) f(3)=7.
) f(3)=5.
) () f
(3, f(3)).
114
i) () y=5x-8.
) , 3,
().
2 m/sec ,
.
101. f(x)=x+ex-1.
) f .
) ex=1-x.
) g :
x g(x)+eg(x)=2x+1.
i) g .
ii) g(0)=0.
iii) (gof)(x)>0.
iv) f Cf-1
(e, 1).
v) Cf-1 .
x2 3
102. f( x ) = 2
ln(( t 1)
dt
t2 + 1
) f.
) f .
) lim
x 5
f( x )
x
= 0.
) Cf xx .
) z=f(3)-2i.
z .
103. f : [ 0 , + )
x
f( x ) = 1 + 1 (1 +
f( t )
)dt x>0.
t
) f(x)=xlnx+x, x>0.
) f(0)=0.
) f .
) Cf
.
e
f( x )dx
) 1 1
2.
e1
115
104.
x
f( x ) = 1 + x
f :
t2
)dt x .
1 + e f( t )
) f
4016
I = 0
f( x 2008)dx .
) f .
) f( x ) =
x3
, x .
3
) w =
z+i
, z C , z 1
z+1
.
i) z
y=-x-1.
ii) M(a, f(a)) Cf -1<a<0
z.
105. f f( ) = ( 0 , + ) ,
f(x)f(-x)=1 x .
) f .
) f .
) g(x)=f(-x)
.
f( x )
f 2 ( 0 ) f 2 ( 1)
)
dx =
.
f( x )
2
1
0
) f(0)=1 f.
106. f ,
f2(x)-xf(x)+x2-3=0 x .
) x= f, f()=2
.
) f .
) Cf + .
107. f, g : (-1, + )
f(0)=g(0)=1, x ( 1 , + )
2f(x)+f2(x)g(x)=2g(x)+g2(x)f(x)=0, f( x ) 0 g ( x ) 0 .
) f(x)=g(x)>0 x ( 1 , + ) .
116
) f( x ) =
x+1
) f
.
) ()
f, xx
x=, x=+1 >0, lim E( ) .
+
108. f : * f( x ) 0 x *
1-1, =(0, + )
1
: f 1 ( x ) =
x 0 .
f( x )
) f(f(x))=
1
1
f( x ) f( ) = 1 x 0 .
x
x
) f(1)=-1 f(-1)=1.
) f-1(x)=x .
) f , :
i) f(x)<0 x>0 f(x)>0 x<0.
ii) f
( , 0).
109. () : y=x-e, g(x)=xlnx-x
f , f(lnx)=xlnx,
x (0, + ).
) () Cg.
) i) Cf (0, -1)
f(x)=g(ex) x .
ii) -1<f(x)<xe-1 x
(0, 1).
110. f x (-1, 1)
x
f( x ) 0 ( 0 f( t )dt ) = x .
) f(x)>0 x (-1, 1).
1
) f( x ) =
, x (-1, 1).
1 x2
111. f : [0, 1]
f( x ) 0 f' ( x ) 0 .
) f [0, 1].
117
) f(x)=f(1)
(0, 1).
1
) 0
f(1)
1
dx <
.
f' (1)
f ( x) + 1
2
112. f, g : [ 0 , + ) ,
x [0, + ) : f( x ) 0 , g( x ) 0 ,
x
1 + 0 f( t )dt =
1
1
x
1 + 0 g ( t )dt =
.
g( x )
f( x )
f( x ) =
1
2x + 1
118
x [0,
+ ) .
12.
.
10 :
1. :
z 1 =+i, z 2 =+i :
) z1 + z2 = z1 + z2 , ) z1 z2 = z1 - z2 , ) z1. z2 = z1 . z2 ,
z
) 1
z2
z1
=
z .
2
z1. z2 = ( + i)( + i) =
= + ( + )i =()(+)i
z1 . z2 =(i)(i)=
=ii=()(+)i.
. .
2. z 2 +z+=0, , ,
, 0 C.
:
z 2 +z+=0 , , 0 : z 2 +
z 2 +2
2
2
z+ 2 = 2
2
4
4
z 2 +2
z+ =0
2
2 - 4
z+ 2 =
2
4
4 2
z
= 2.
2 4
1 : >0
z 1, 2 =
-
.
2
2 : =0
z=
3
-
.
2
( 1)( ) i2 -
: <0
=
4 2
4 2
(2 )2
z 1, 2 =
) = (i
2
-
(2 )2
- i -
.
2
119
3.
.
:
: ) z = z = z , ) z 2 =z z , ) z1.z2 = z1 z2 ,
)
z1
z2
z1
z2
, )
z1 z2 z1 + z2 z1 + z2 , ) z1.z2 ..... zv =
= z1 z2 z v z v = z v .
), ) :
) z1.z2
= z1
z2
(z 1 z 2 ) z1.z2 =z 1 z1 z 2 z2 z 1 z 2 z1 z2 =
=z 1 z 2 z1 z2 .
2
z1
z
) 1 =
z2
z2
2
2
z
1
z2
z1
z
2
z1 z1
z1 z1 z1 z1
=
=
z z
z2 z2 z 2 z 2
2 2
.
20 :
1 : :
4. .
:
f,
[, ]. : ) f [, ] )
f() f() f() f()
x 0 (, ) : f(x 0 )=.
f()<f().
f()<<f(). g(x)=f(x), x [, ].
[, ]
g ( ) = f( ) < 0
. g()g()<0.
g ( ) = f ( ) > 0
g Bolzano [, ],
x 0 (, ) g(x 0 )=0 f(x 0 )=.
2 : :
5. f
x 0 .
120
x x0
f(x)-f(x 0 )=
f(x) - f(x0 )
(x-x 0 ).
x x0
f( x ) f( x0 )
(
im [f(x)-f(x 0 )]= im
x x0 ) =
x x0
x x0
x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
im
im (x-x 0 )=0 f x 0
x x0
x x0
x x0
im
x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
=f(x 0 ) .
x x0
im f(x)=f(x 0 ), f x 0 .
x x0
: . f(x)= x =
im f( x ) = im+ x = 0
x 0
x 0 +
x, x 0
=
. im- f( x ) = im ( x ) = 0 f
x0
x0
- x, x < 0
f
(
0
)
0
=
0.
= im (-1)=-1, im+
x0
x0
im
x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
x 0
=
= im
x0
x x0
x 0
f(x) - f(x0 )
x 0
= im+
= im+ 1=1. f
x0 x 0
x0
x x0
0 0.
6. : ) (c)=0, c ,
) (x )=.x -1 , -{0, 1}, )
) (x)=-x , ) (x)=
) (x)=1,
( x ) = 2 1x , x>0, ) (x)=x,
1
.
2 x
:
) f(x)=c, c . x 0
x x 0
f(x) - f(x0 ) c c
f(x) - f(x0 )
=
=0. im
=0.
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
(c)=0.
) f(x)=x, x . x 0
x x 0
f(x) - f(x0 ) x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
=
=1. im
=1.
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
(x)=1.
121
) f(x)=x v , { 0,1} . x 0 x x 0 :
= x v 1 + x v 2 x 0 + ... + x 0 1 .
=x 0
v 1
im
x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
=
x x0
. (x v )=x v1 .
) f(x)= x , x 0. x 0 (0, + ) x x 0 :
f(x) - f(x0 )
1
1
=
. ( x )=
, x>0.
2 x0
2 x
x x0
im
x x0
) f(x)=x, x . h 0 :
=
(h - 1)
(x + h ) x xh + hx - x
=
=x
+
h
h
h
+x
im
h0
h
h
im
h0
h
=1,
h
im
h0
h - 1
=0.
h
f(x + h) - f(x )
=x. (x)=x.
h
) f(x)=x, x . h 0 :
=
f(x + h) - f(x )
=
h
f(x + h) - f(x)
=
h
(x + h) - x x.h - x.h - x
=
=
h
h
=x
h - 1
h - 1
h
h
-x
. im
=0 im
=1
h0
h0
h
h
h
h
im
h0
f(x + h) - f(x)
=-x . : (x)=-x , x .
h
x (x )x - x. ( x )
) (x)=
=
=
2 x
x
2 x + 2 x
1
=
x -{x=+/2, }.
2
x
2 x
x ( x )x - x.(x )
=
) (x)=
=
2 x
x
- 2 x - 2 x
1
=
=- 2 x - {x=, }.
2
x
x
7. f, g x 0
122
:
x 0
(f + g )( x) (f + g )( x0 )
=
x - x0
im
f,
(f + g )( x) (f + g )( x 0 )
x - x0
x x0
x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
g(x) - g(x 0 )
+ im
=
x x0
x - x0
x - x0
= im
x x0
(x )=x -1 ,
-,
) ( x )= x n , >0, x , ) ( n x )= 1 x , x *.
:
) y=x =e nx u= nx y=e u .
y=(e u )=e u u=e nx
1
x
=x
=x -1 , x ( 0,+ ) .
) y= x =e xn u=x n y=e u .
y=(e u )=e u u=e xn n = x n , >0 x .
)
x>0, (nx ) = 1 x .
x<0, n x = n (-x), y= n (-x)
1
-x
u=-x : y= n . y=( nu )= u=
(nx ) =
1
x
(-1)= 1 x
9. f ,
: ) f ) f(x)=0
x f .
:
x 1 , x 2 :
f(x 1 )=f(x 2 ) . x 1 =x 2 , f(x 1 )=f(x 2 ). x 1 <x 2 ,
[x 1 , x 2 ] f
. , (x 1 , x 2 ) ,
f()=
f(x 2 ) f(x1 )
.
x 2 x1
123
, : ) f, g ) f(x)=
=g(x) x c
x : f(x)=g(x)+c.
:
fg
x : (fg)(x)=f(x)g(x)=0. fg
. , c ,
x : f(x)g(x)=c : f(x)=g(x)+c.
11. f
:
) f(x)>0 x , f
.
) f(x)<0 x , f
.
:
x 1 , x 2 x 1 <x 2 . [x 1 , x 2 ] f
. ,
(x 1 , x 2 ) f()=
f(x2 ) f(x1 )
, :
x2 x1
, f
x 0
, f(x 0 )=0.
124
:
f x 0 . x 0
f ,
>0 , : (x 0 -, x 0 +) f(x) f(x 0 ),
x (x 0 -, x 0 +). , , f
x0 ,
f(x 0 )= im
x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
f(x) - f(x0 )
= im +
.
x x0
x - x0
x - x0
x (x 0 -, x 0 ), :
: f(x 0 )= im
x x0
f(x 0 )= im +
x x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
0
x - x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
0 (1). x (x 0 , x 0 +),
x - x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
0
x - x0
f(x) - f(x0 )
0 (2).
x - x0
(1), (2)
f(x 0 )=0.
3 : :
13. f F
f G(x)=
=F(x)+c, c f
G f G(x)=F(x)+c, c .
:
G(x)=F(x)+c, f
, G(x)=(F(x)+c)=F(x)=f(x) , x .
: G f .
x : F(x)=f(x) G(x)=f(x), G(x)=F(x), x .
c , G(x)= F(x)+c,
x .
14. f [, ]
G f [, ] : f(t)dt =G()G().
:
x
F(x)= f(t)dt f [, ].
G f [, ] c
125
126
.
10 :
1.
. 87.
.
2. C .
. 88,
. 89.
3. ( i).
. 90.
4. .
. 97.
20 :
1 : :
5. .
. 133.
6. .
. 141.
7. .
. 143.
8. .
. 149.
9. .
. 150.
10. 1-1.
. 151,
. 152.
11. .
. 154,
. 155.
12. .
. 160,
. 162.
13. .
. 165,
. 166,
. 170,
. 171.
14. , ,
. 184,
. 185.
.
15. .
. 186
16. .
. 188
17. .
. 189
18. .
. 190
19. .
. 191
20. Bolzano.
. 192
127
21. & .
. 195.
2 : :
22. Cf x 0 Af.
. 212.
23. x 0 Af.
. 213.
24. .
. 241.
25. Rolle.
. 246.
26. .
. 246.
27. .
. 258.
28. .
. 259.
29. .
. 262.
30. .
. 273.
31. .
. 275.
32. .
. 279,
. 280.
33. De l Hospital.
. 282,
. 283.
34. .
. 261.
35. .
. 275.
3 : :
36. .
. 303.
37. .
. 304.
38. .
. 305.
39. .
. 328.
40. .
. 332.
128