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P&Ids Notation, Construction, & Interpretation
P&Ids Notation, Construction, & Interpretation
Does not imply that all tanks are of the same size
Does not imply impeller type or location in CSTR
Examples:
DT1
density transmitter 1
MA1
Moisture alarm 1
TC1
Temperature control 1
LI1
Level indicator 1
TC1
TT1
TA1
TI1
Can mean..
TC1
FC1
Flow sensors
TC1
Temperature Sensors
Thermocouple schematic
Figures from http://controls.engin.umich.edu/
Example Problem:
The output of a chromel-alumel thermocouple is used to regulate
the temperature of a feed stream. When writing your control
program for this regulator, you refer directly to the EMF of the
thermocouple instead of temperature. You know that the stream
has a temperature set point of 117C, so what is the EMF value
you should set your controller set point?
We can extrapolate
to a temperature of
117 to get an EMF of
4.79 mV.
AC1
Composition Sensors
CC1
Composition Sensors
Polagraphic sensor
Photometer
Process Equipment
CSTR
Questions:
(1) What do the flow controllers do?
(2) How does the exit flow influence the temperature?
Answer: This is a batch process.
Moral: A P&ID alone only tells part of the story..
Figures from http://controls.engin.umich.edu/
P&ID Pitfalls
P&ID Pitfalls
Where do
these go?
Valve before
pump
Other possible issues:
(1) Is pressure if E-1 the best metric, or might you also
need temp?
(2) How can you drain E-1 if liquid remains?
(3) Should V7 be a control valve to control the pressure?
Figures from http://controls.engin.umich.edu/
Drawing P&IDs
Michigan P&ID templates can be used on:
Visio (PC)
OmniGraffle (Mac)
(templates for both are on the wiki under
supplementary information for lecture
10)
Example:
Given a schematic of a
process do the following:
(1) Redraw the process as
a formal P&ID using the
template
(2) Add valves with proper
annotation
(3) Add sensors with proper
annotation
(4) Show valve/sensor
connections
1) Redrawn figure
Valves
after
pumps
Valves after
pumps
Redundant
Why not?
Steam feed
controlled,
not output
3)Dont
Sensors
and numbered
care,added
cant change
redundant
FC
TC PC
PC
LC
redundant
Slow, $$
FC
PC TC
AC
redundant
Cant change
Wrong
LC
PC
Why not?
TC
FC
TC1: V5
PC1: V6, V7, V8
LC3: V1, V2, V3, SV1, M3, M4
FC3: V3, M3
FC4: SV1
TC1: V5
PC1: V6, V7, V8
LC3: V1, V2, V3, SV1, M3, M4
FC3: V3, M3
FC4: SV1
Challenge:
A, B, and C react to form a
product D and a flammable
gas byproduct E. The
reactor temperature is
increased with steam and
cooled by a cold water
jacket. Mixing is achieved
by an agitator and
recirculation.
For this system
(1) Annotate valves and motors
(2) Add and annotate sensors
(3) Write out sensor valve
connections.