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Basics of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems For Grid-Tied Applications
Basics of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems For Grid-Tied Applications
Basics of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems For Grid-Tied Applications
Stockton, CA 95204
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
instructor
Pete Shoemaker
Some images displayed may not be in the printed booklet because of copyright restrictions.
Contact Information
Pete Shoemaker
Pacific Energy Center
851 Howard St.
San Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 973-8850
pjsy@pge.com
Some images displayed may not be in the printed booklet because of copyright restrictions.
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Same
electricity
CURRENT
POSSIBLE
RENT
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
OWN
Source: Pete Shoemaker
PG&E
Southern California
Edison (SCE)
Southern California
Gas (SoCalGas)
Profits
Energy Sales
Per-capita power
consumption.
U.S.
California
Conclusion:
The utility financial structure must change.
DECOUPLING
Separating profits from sales.
Profits
Energy Sales
Energy Sales
Profits
The result?
California, and PG&E, is the leader in
energy efficiency and renewable
generation.
Bioenergy4%
Geothermal 4%
Other
1%
Coal
1%
Unspecified
Wind 3%
Small Hydro 3%
Solar <1%
(market purchases)
15%
Large Hydro
13%
Natural Gas
35%
Nuclear
20%
Source: PG&E
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration,
Electric Power Monthly
Courtesy PG&E
Courtesy PG&E
Courtesy PG&E
Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation
Thats leverage!
3) Offset any
remaining
carbon
emissions.
Reduce
Energy
Use
2) Get the
greenest
power you
can.
Partnership
Education
Outreach
ClimateSmart
Renewable
Power
Supply
Electricity Fundamentals
Electricity Fundamentals
Watts
Volts
Elec.
pressure
Water
pressure
Amps
Output
Amount of flow
Amount of flow
Output
(work done)
Electricity Fundamentals
Watt (W) = Basic unit of Power
In generator: Capacity to do work
In appliance (load): Requirement for work to be done
Electrical terms:
Amps x Volts = Watts
5A x 12V = 60 W
0.5A x 120V = 60 W
Electricity Fundamentals
Power over time = Work
Watts over time = Watt-hours (Wh)
Power x Time
1 sec.
1 hour
Instantaneous
power: 20 W
Power over
time: 20 Wh
Electricity Fundamentals
Watt-hour (Wh) x 1000 = Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
In a generator:
How many kWh are produced when a 5 kW PV system
operates at full power for 6 hours? 30 kWh
In a load:
How many kWh are used when a 200 W bulb shines for
10 hours? 2000 Wh or 2 kWh
Watts
Amps
Volts
Volts
Watts
Amps
20 amps
DC = Direct current
*PV panels produce DC
*Batteries only store DC
0V
AC = Alternating current
-V
60 Hertz in U.S.
(60 cycles / second)
*Utility Power
Source: PG&E
Source: NPR
http://w w w .npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=110997398
Source: NREL
Sub-station
Transmission
Distribution
120V 240V
Generation
480V
Home
Step
down
Business
Source: NREL
Grid Terms
Supply side
Generation
Demand side
Usage (load)
Source: NREL
Grid Terms
Baseload: Minimum amount of power that is
always needed
Grid Terms
Baseload
Grid Terms
Seasonal load
Grid Terms
Peak load
Grid Terms
Highest demand occurs on only a few hours in the year
20000
18000
16000
14000
M Ws
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1
501
1001
1501
2001
2501
3001
3501
4001
4501
Tim e
5001
5501
6001
6501
7001
7501
8001
8501
Grid Terms
Capacity
Grid Terms
Unused Capacity
Grid Terms
Grid Terms
Demand Management or
Demand-side Management
Load-shifting
PV Technology
Solar Electricity
Photovoltaic Effect
photo = light;
voltaic = produces voltage
Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert light directly
into electricity (using semiconductors)
Electron Orbits
Free electron
Electron flow
N-Layer (Phosphorus)
P-N Junction
P-Layer (Boron)
PV Terminology
Cell
Module
Array
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
PV System Sizing
Thin-Film PV Products
Thin-Film PV Products
Source: DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Requires
about 200 sf. per kilowatt
San Francisco
66
PV General Rules
Crystalline PV Products
Efficiencies (rated) range from 12-22%
Space required: 90-150 s.f. per kW
Thin-Film PV Products
Efficiencies (rated) range from 5-10%
Space required: 170-300 s.f. per kW
1.2 kW
Thin-Film
Capacity = total
power
Efficiency =
power per sq.ft.
1.2 kW (1,200w)
150 square feet
8w per sq.ft.
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
Heat effect
Air temperature
70 F
Roof surface
100 F
Under modules
120 F
Courtesy: Schott Solar
Crystalline -0.478%
100
% of Power
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
20
(68)
25
30
(86)
35
40
45
50
55
(113)
Degrees Centigrade
(Fahrenheit)
Thin Film
Crystalline
60
(140)
65
70
Cell
Efficiency
(Laboratory)
Sample Companies
Employing
Technologies
Technology
Description
Crystalline Silicon
T he orignal approach; grow silicon crystal structures in a variety of ways. Represents almost 90%
of total market. Appearance dark blue to black but other colors possible with changes to antireflective coatings.
Single Crystal
14 - 15%
25%
BP Solar
GE/AstroPower
Sanyo
Sharp
SunWorld
Multi-Crystalline
12 - 14%
19%
BP Solar
Evergreen Solar
Kyocera Solar
Schott Solar
Sharp
SunWorld
Thin-Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon
(a-Si)
5 - 7%
13%
BP Solar
Kaneka Solar
T erraSolar
United Solar Ovonic
8 - 10%
19%
Global Solar
Shell Solar
Cadmium Telluride
(CdTe)
7 - 9%
17%
BP Solar
First Solar
Growth Forecast?
Inverters
Inverter
DC
AC
76
Inverters
Range in size from 1 Kw to 500+ Kw
Can easily be connected together,
even different models
Best to locate in cooler area
77
Inverters
Typical system layout
Panel &
meter
Inverter
Strings of modules
78
79
Inverters
Micro-inverter
One per module
Inverts DC to AC right there
System layout
Panel &
Combiner box &
meter Energy Center
communicator
Pacific
San Francisco
80
Reliability
Source: NASA
81
Reliability
Mature technologyover 50 years old
Essential to the space program
Millions in use
Products tested and approved by CEC
Long warranties backed by large,
stable companies
20 to 25 years on panels
10 to 25 years on inverters
10 year labor warranty
Pacific Energy Center
San Francisco
82
But now?
83
Net Metering
The utility grid is a twoway street!
Electricity can be sent
back to the grid by the
customer.
Source Andy Black 2006 All rights reserved.
X
Source: DOE NREL
Inverter
Meter
Panel
Balance of System
(BOS)
Loads
1. Solar array
2. Inverter
3. House electrical
panel
Source: PG&E
86
Monitoring
Monitoring
Feasibility
89
Solar Geometry
90
Solar Geometry
91
92
Solar Geometry
ACTUAL:
The sun radiates in all
directions.
EXPERIENTIAL:
On Earth all radiation from the
sun is parallel to one another.
93
Horizon
in winter
Horizon in
summer
94
Source: Wikipedia
95
96
Sun Path
Spring/Fall Noon:
90o Latitude
52.5o in SF
Summer Noon:
90o Latitude +23.5
76o in SF
Winter Noon:
90o Latitude 23.5
29o in SF
97
98
99
Summer sun
Winter sun
Source: NASA
100
103
104
105
106
107
108
In west:
True azimuth = Compass azimuth + Declination
109
true
In east:
True azimuth = Compass azimuth - Declination
110
111
90
180
45
270
Illustration from Environmental Control Systems by
Fuller Moore, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993, p. 76.
113
Digital sunlight
114
Kwh Produced
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Kwh Produced
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Equal areas
116
Source: DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Resource Assessment Program
http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/redbook/atlas/serve.cgi
117
118
Monthly Percentages
Source: morehead.unc.edu
119
120
Space Requirements
Roof / Ground Area:
Crystalline Silicon
90-150 square feet per kW
Thin-Film
170-250 square feet per kW
For a 4 kW residential system:
Crystalline: 360 to 600 sf.
Thin film: 650 to 1000 sf.
Note: Consideration should also be given for access
to the system (can add up to 20% of needed area)
121
47 x 13 = 611 sf.
122
PV Orientation
For tilted roof:
North
Not
good
West
East
Good
OK
Very
good
South
123
PV Orientation
N
W
S
Overhead
maps: true N-S
124
Tilt
Tilt = Angle at which the collectors are
mounted relative to 0 (flat horizontal surface)
Ex. 30
tilt angle
125
Tilt
12 ft.
4 ft.
18 deg.
0
23
45
68
90
(South)
(SSE, SSW)
(SE, SW)
(ESE, WSW)
(E, W)
0
Flat
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
18 30
4:12 7:12
0.97 1.00
0.97 0.99
0.95 0.96
0.92 0.91
0.88 0.84
45
12:12
0.97
0.96
0.93
0.87
0.78
60
21:12
0.89
0.88
0.85
0.79
0.70
90
Vertical
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.57
0.52
Source: A Guide to Photov oltaic (PV) System Design and Installation -- CEC, June 2001
Tracking
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
128
129
72-cell PV module
+
Copyright Solmetric 2010
+
Copyright Solmetric 2010
Cell string
Copyright Solmetric 2010
V
Copyright Solmetric 2010
V
Copyright Solmetric 2010
Unshaded Module
2.5
1 cell 25%
shaded
Amps
0%
25 %
25 %
1 cell 75%
shaded
50 %
50 %
75 %
66 %
1 cell 100%
shaded
l00 %
75 %
93 %
1 cell 50%
shaded
1.5
0.5
0
0
10
15
20
25
Volts
135
Courtesy: Solar Energy International
Per-Module Devices
Solar Magic
National Semiconductor
Enphase Microinverter
Enphase Energy
Module Maximizer
Tigo Energy
PV AC Module
EXELTECH
SunMizer
Xandex
PowerBox
Solar Edge
Parallux vBoost
eIQ Energy
Enphase Microinverter
Enphase Energy
Microinverter
Changes DC to AC
Needs no other inverter
Maximizer
Adjusts DC voltage: DC to DC
Needs system inverter
Module Maximizer
Tigo Energy
Solar Access
PV Requirements
Solar Window = 9 am - 3 pm (ideal)
8 am - 4 pm (possible)
Need minimum of 4 hours during solar
window with no shade (prefer 5 hours)
Summer more important than winter
138
Shading
Sunset
Sunrise
Solar Window
Shade-free from 9 to 3
Shading
141
Source: PEC Staff
2 to 1 ratio
recommended
1 ft.
2 ft.
No good
142
Source: PEC Staff
Solar Pathfinder
Used to gain a quick and approximate understanding
of solar access and objects on the horizon that shade a
given location.
143
144
Solmetric SunEyeTM
210
110
145
Courtesy: Solmetric, Corp.
Sunpath View
Visually
demonstrates
seasonal sun
path and
shading effects
of obstructions
Summary
tabular data
146
Detailed View
Chart shows
proportion of total
solar energy
available at this
site each month
147
148
149
Source: Darren Bouton
150
Roof Issues
Dont put a new PV system on an old roof!
Minimum roof life should be 5 7 years.
Good idea to do PV and roof at same time
Estimate for panel removal/replacement is $1,000 per
Kw of system size.
http://www.londonflatroofing.co.uk/flat-roof-repairs/asphalt-flat-roofs/
No shade
With shade
Finances
158
Net Metering
Exchange at Retail
Annual Cycle
Source Andy Black 2006 All rights reserved.
159
X
Source Andy Black 2006 All rights reserved.
No voltage reservoir
means house current
could fluctuate and
damage appliances
X
Source Andy Black 2006 All rights reserved.
160
Net Metering
Meter
Customer side
Utility side
Net Metering
Generation: 3 kWh
Surplus: 2 kWh
Meter
Load: 1 kWh
Customer side
Net Metering
Generation: 1 kWh
Surplus: 0 kWh
Meter
Load: 1 kWh
Customer side
Utility side
Net Metering
Generation: 0 kWh
Need: 1 kWh
Meter
Load: 1 kWh
Customer side
Net Metering
What do you get paid if your system over-produces?
Cost of power at $.16/Kwh
Wholesale cost: $.10/kwh
Net Metering
Average monthly usage
PV system production
kWh/mo
Roll over
750
500
250
May
October
SUMMER
April
WINTER
167
Net Metering
Average monthly usage
PV system production
kWh/mo
750
500
250
May
October
SUMMER
April
WINTER
168
Net Metering
Average monthly usage
PV system production
kWh/mo
750
500
You pay this amount
250
May
October
SUMMER
April
WINTER
169
Net Metering
Average monthly usage
PV system production
kWh/mo
750
You are paid a different rate for this amount around 4 per kWh.
500
250
May
October
SUMMER
April
WINTER
170
Methods of Payment
Two fundamentally different concepts:
Net Metering
Serves the onsite load FIRST, then
interacts with the utility grid.
One meter
Feed-in Tariff
Does not serve the onsite load and
ONLY interacts with the utility grid.
Two meters
171
Feed-in Tariff
Generation track
Feed-in (credit)
Meter
Usage (debit)
Meter
Usage track
172
Feed-in Tariff:
For PV systems from 1 mW to 20 mW.
See www.pge.com/feedintariffs
173
Available
PG&E
Programs
SelfGenerationIncentiveProgram
NetEnergyMetering
FeedinTariffPrograms*
RenewableAuctionMechanism*
RenewablesRFO
PVRFO*
UtilityOwnedRenewables*
SystemSize
1kW
100kW
Customerscale
*Neworrevisedprogram
1MW
3MW
20MW
100MW++
Utilityscale
174
Time-of-Use (TOU)
Additional factor depending on when you
use the power.
175
PG&E Baseline
Territory Map
Baseline=guaranteed minimum
amount of low cost electricity
for everyone--all income levels.
Baseline allocation determined by
geographic territory averages.
176
177
178
5 rate tiers
978.00
= $ 38.41
= $ 13.10
= $ 65.79
= $ 129.46
= $ 3.12
$ 249.88
1
2
3
4
5
180
40.0
33.5
40.0
33.5
201% 300%
Over 300%
35.0
29.1
29.5
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
12.8
11.9
13.5
14.6
Less than
100%
101% 130%
10.0
5.0
0.0
131% 200%
Rate Tiers
The less you use, the more you eliminate the
expensive upper tiers:
5 rate tiers
978.00
= $ 38.41
= $ 13.10
= $ 65.79
= $ 129.46
= $ 3.12
$ 249.88
1
2
3
4
5
182
Rate Tiers
The less you use, the more you eliminate the
expensive upper tiers:
5 rate tiers
421.42
= $ 38.41
= $ 13.10
= $ 65.79
= $ 129.46
= $ 3.12
$ 51.52
1
2
3
4
5
40.0
33.5
40.0
33.5
201% 300%
Over 300%
35.0
29.1
29.5
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
11.9
12.8
13.5
14.6
Less than
100%
101% 130%
10.0
5.0
0.0
131% 200%
40.0
33.5
40.0
40.0
33.5
35.0
29.1
29.5
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
13.5
14.6
12.8
11.9
10.0
5.0
Lower ROI
Higher ROI
0.0
Less than
100%
101% 130%
131% 200%
201% 300%
Over 300%
19,000
17,000
15,000
13,000
11,000
9,000
7,000
5,000
Jan
Fe b
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
187
188
10am - 1pm
1pm - 7pm
7pm - 9pm
Part-Peak Part-Peak Part-Peak Part-Peak Part-Peak Part-Peak Part-Peak
9pm - Midnight Off-Peak Off-Peak Off-Peak Off-Peak Off-Peak Off-Peak Off-Peak
189
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours of the Day
Kwh Produced
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours of the Day
Sell
30
25
20
Buy
Buy
15
10
5
0
1
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hours of the Day
On-peak
usage
No
Med
Low
Yes
25%
50%
75%
100%
195
Minimum
electric
hookup
charge
196
Current monthly
charge
Cumulative
charge
197
198
199
200
Soiling Factors
Three basic categories for rainy / dry season areas
Washed as often as necessary
Washed once in July
Never washed
~ 1.0
~ 0.96
~ 0.93
Cleaning Costs
Residential systems
Around $5 per panel
High because of fixed costs (travel, insurance, etc.)
Commercial systems
Environmental Footprint
Best overall estimates from 1 to 2.5 years
Depends on site and power production--in
California is about 1.1 years.
Shrinking as costs drop and production gets
greener
Pays back 10 to 30 times or more its
environmental cost
Most PV manufacturing
plants will have their own
PV system on the roof.
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
CSI
(California Solar Initiative)
Program Administrators
PG&E
SCE
CCSE
(SDREO)
CEC
(California Energy Commission)
Residential New Construction
NSHP
(New Solar Homes Partnership)
Program Administrators
PG&E
SCE
SDG&E
Secure
Screens and tests equipment
Requires long warranties
Helps screen and check installers
Standardizes production estimates
Easy
Helps installers handle everything
PBI
(Performance-based Incentive)
Ongoing monthly payment for 5 years
Based on actual production
Possible for all systems, but required for
large ones (> 50 kW)
PBI
Overall outline:
Incentives step down according to amount of PV
installed (MW)
211
212
4.0 Kw AC System
COST (before rebate = $6,500 / kW)
REBATE (est. $230 / kW)
TAX CREDIT
$26,000
$920
$7524
NET COST
Maintenance (25 40 yrs.)
Total lifecycle cost
$17,556
$5,000
$22,556
kWh Production
Space requirements
Avg. cost of power now ($150/mo)
25-yr. cost of power (est.)
40-yr. cost of power (est.)
Pacific Energy Center
San Francisco
PV Vendor
Owner of system
Borrow money or pay cash
Full payment up front
$$$
Economics:
Cash / total savings
Loan pmt. / monthly savings
Pacific Energy Center
San Francisco
214
PV Vendor
$
$
Owner of system
Design and install
Lease
Maintain and monitor
system
Honor warranties
(equipment & labor)
Remove system at end if
needed
215
PV Vendor
$
$
Owner of system
Design and install
Sell power
Maintain and monitor
system
Honor warranties
(equipment & labor)
Remove system at end if
needed
216
Solar lease
Lease
217
Solar lease
218
~ $2 per Watt
~ $.50 per Watt
~ $1 per Watt
~ $3 per Watt
Whats the
payback?
Return on Investment
Different ways to measure
Payback: Time period when savings = investment cost
IRR (internal rate of return): Percentage of annual return
which looks at full life cycle
NPV (net present value): Cash flow projection which takes
in financing costs
Monthly Cash Flow: Change in your monthly payment
221
Return on Investment
Monthly Cash Flow:
Financed by a home-secured loan
Loan interest is tax-deductible
Assuming historical rate escalation continues
Monthly cash flow can be immediately positive for
many people with higher electric bills.
They can start making money from day one and
continue for over 30 years!
Lower bill amounts will typically start out slightly
negative and improve over time.
222
Grid Parity
When the price per kWh of electricity from a
renewable source is equal to the current average
grid price.
PV example:
System net cost: $20,000, lifetime maintenance $4,000.
Expected to generate average of 5,000 kWh per year for 30
years, total of 150,000 kWh.
$24,000 / 150,000 = $ .16 per kWh
Current utility average price = $ .16 per kWh
= Grid Parity
223
WefindcompellingevidencethatsolarPVsystemsin
Californiahaveboostedhomesalesprices.
http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/lbnl4476e.pdf
226
Bad guys
Good guys
Trade
Polluters must buy RECs
according to penalty.
Penalty
Cap
Pollution preventers
Permitted
Polluters
Source: W ikipedia free license
Pollution removers
227
Carbon Offsets
Making activity carbon neutral
Funding projects that remove as much
carbon as you generate
Additional social & business image value
228
Installation Efficiencies
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
PV Roof Tiles
Installation Efficiencies
Installation Efficiencies
Installation Efficiencies
PV Skylights
Source: DOE National Renew able Energy Laboratory
Multiple Benefits
Mitigate unwanted
solar heat gain
Control glare
Displace existing
materials cost
Produce electricity
PV Bulk Buy
Community targets for total Kw
Can lead to 10% or more discounts
Many companies offering it
Case Studies
N
W
4:12 pitch
Back of
house
65
Front of
house
N
W
E
S
946
Aug-06
1127
Sep-06
1349
Oct-06
970
Nov-06
1093
Dec-06
1077
Jan-07
1349
Feb-07
867
Mar-07
886
Apr-07
768
May-07
815
Jun-07
836
Total
12083
Avg.
1007
80
90
90
30 x 40
140
Page 1
Page 2
PV Sales-Installation Process
STEP 1: Complete an Energy Survey
STEP 2: Contact and Choose an Installer
INSTALLER HANDLES THE REST
STEP 3: Complete and Submit Applications for CSI
STEP 4: Obtain Building Permits
STEP 5: Install System
STEP 6: Schedule Final Building Inspection
STEP 7: Schedule Final Utility Inspection
STEP 8: Claim Incentives
Find Installers
Personal references
CSI website
http://gosolarcalifornia.org
CalSEIA Members
http://calseia.org/, Find an Expert link
Internet
Advertising
Better Business Bureau
Diamond Certified
http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/equipment/
http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/equipment/
3.38 kW AC
(CEC rating)
262
System Size:
4.0 Kw DC
3.38 Kw AC (CEC)
(3,380 watts)
Per-watt price:
$22,500 / 3,380 = $6.65/watt
263
Class Quiz
Jobs Overview
and
Future Trends
http://www.dsireusa.org/
Courtesy DOE
http://openpv.nrel.gov/visualization/index.php
Courtesy NREL
Detailed statistics
http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/
Courtesy CSI
Courtesy CSI
http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/
# Installers by # of Systems
600
500
480
502
400
300
191
200
100
39
32
26
51-99 systems
100-200 systems
200+ systems
0
1 system
2-10 systems
11-50 systems
by total # installs
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
kWp installed
through CSI
1/07 to
4/7/2010
34,013
17,211
11,413
10,110
8,199
6,347
5,265
4,913
4,419
4,191
2,889
2,862
2,852
2,181
2,105
2,089
1,963
1,920
1,797
1,761
1,667
1,649
1,539
1,459
1,364
1,197
1,176
1,120
1,109
1,030
0
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
Compiled by Verv e Solar Consulting from data CaliforniaSolarStatistics.ca.gov
http://library.constantcontact.com/download/get/file/110558592629873/SWIC_EmployerSurvey_SummaryReport_1.23.2011.pdf
http://library.constantcontact.com/download/get/file/110558592629874/2011Q4_SWIC_JobsReport_Summary_1+23+2012.pdf
PV Job Categories
Smart Grid
Smart Grid
Source: NIST
Courtesy PG&E
Smart Meter
(MTU)
9/7/2012
282
Relays
Access
Points
3G Cellular
Network
Head
End
Utility IQ
9/7/2012
283
Internet
PG&E
Premise
Wealth
Contact Information
Pete Shoemaker
Pacific Energy Center
851 Howard St.
San Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 973-8850
pjsy@pge.com