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BiotSavart law
The BiotSavart law is an equation in electromagnetism that describes the magnetic
field B generated by an electric current. The vector field B depends on the
magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the electric current, and also on a
fundamental constant called the magnetic constant. The law is valid in the
magnetostatic approximation, and results in a B field consistent with both Ampre's
circuital law and Gauss's law for magnetism.[1]
Jackson, John David (1999). Classical Electrodynamics (3rd ed. ed.). New York:
Wiley. Chapter 5. ISBN 0-471-30932-X.
The BiotSavart law is used to compute the magnetic field generated by
a steady current, i.e. a continual flow of charges, for example through a wire, which is
constant in time and in which charge is neither building up nor depleting at any point.
The equation in SI units is

or, equivalently,

where
I is the current,
dl is a vector, whose magnitude is the length of the differential element of the wire,
and whose direction is the direction of conventional current,
B is the net magnetic field,
0 is the magnetic constant,
is the displacement unit vector in the direction pointing from the wire element
towards the point at which the field is being computed, and
is the full displacement vector from the wire element to the point at which the
field is being computed.

Application
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calculation of magnetic responses even at the atomic or molecular level.

Used in aerodynamic theory to calculate the velocity induced by vortex lines.