SCIENCE REVIEWER

Gregor Mendel
Father of Heredity
Experimented on pea plants because they had several characteristics, were available in
the monastery and produced many offspring.
Punnett Square

Three Laws of Heredity

Law of Segregation
- Individuals inherit one allele from each parent.
Law of Dominance
- The dominant trait masks the recessive trait.
Law of Independent Assortment
- The expression of one characteristic or trait does not affect another one.

Alleles
- Contain genes
Genes
- Control the traits of an organism.
- These are the factors that affect the characteristics of an offspring.
- Basic units of Heredity and also called the blueprint of life
Phenotype
- Traits that can be physically observed
Genotype
- Can either be homozygous or heterozygous
*Hetero hybrid
*Homo the same

 Incomplete Dominance
When none of two traits succeed in
expressing themselves as dominant or when
traits attempt to express themselves
recessively.

both

Codominance
- When both traits attempt to express themselves as
dominant and therefore both are showed in the
organism.

Genotype
Homozygous

Heterozygous

Antigen on
RBC

IA IA

IA IO

Anti-A

O&A

A & AB

IBIB

IA IO

Anti-B

O&B

B & AB

AB

IA IB

--

A and B

Neither

O, A, B & AB

AB only

IO IO

--

neither

Anti-A & AntiB

O only

O, A, B & AB

Blood Type

*Alleles from types A & B are dominant over type O

Antibodies in
Plasma

Can receive
blood from

Can donate
blood to

 Types of Chromosomes
Autosomes
- most of which determine our traits
Allosomes
- sex-linked chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with a total of 46 wherein 1 pair (2 chromosomes) are
the sex chromosomes
Some traits are sex-linked