Thiết Kế, Chế Tạo Thiết Bị Đo Mô Men Xoắn Trên Trục Quay

I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP
PHM HNG NAM
THIT K, CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON

TRN TRC QUAY
LUN VN THC S K THUT
Thi Nguyn, thng 12 nm 2014

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN
http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn/
--------------------000-------------------
PHM HNG NAM
THIT K CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON

TRN TRC QUAY
Chuyn ngnh: Cng ngh ch to my
M s: 60520103
LUN VN THC S K THUT
PGS.TS Ng Nh Khoa
LI CAM OAN
Tn ti l
: Phm Hng Nam
Sinh ngy : 01 thng 3 nm 1981

Ni sinh
: Thnh ph Thi Nguyn, tnh Thi Nguyn
Hc vin lp cao hc kha K14-chuyn ngnh: Cng ngh ch to myTrng i hc k thut cng nghip Thi Nguyn
Hin ang cng tc ti S Cng Thng Thi Nguyn.
Ti xin cam oan nhng kt qu c c trong lun vn l do bn thn
ti thc hin di s hng dn ca thy gio PGS.TS Ng Nh Khoa. Ngoi
phn ti liu tham kho c lit k, cc kt qu v s liu thc nghim l
do ti thc hin v cha c cng b trong bt c cng trnh no khc.
Ti xin cam oan rng mi thng tin tr dn trong lun vn u ch r
ngun gc.
Ngi thc hin
Phm Hng Nam
MC LC
BNG DANH MC CC HNH V.................................................................................. 5
PHN M U .................................................................................................................. 7
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti.................................................................................................... 7
2. Mc ch nghin cu ti .............................................................................................. 7
3. i tng nghin cu ca ti....................................................................................... 7
4. ngha khoa hc ca ti ............................................................................................. 7
5. Phng php nghin cu .................................................................................................. 8
CHNG I. TNG QUAN V THIT B O M MEN XON .................................... 9
TRN TRC QUAY ........................................................................................................... 9
1. Gii thiu v thit b o m men xon trn trc quay ...................................................... 9
2. Nguyn l c bn o m men xon trn trc quay......................................................... 12
3. La chn phng n thit k .......................................................................................... 14
CHNG 2. C S TNH TON THIT K TRC QUAY ........................................ 17
I. Phn tch yu cu bi ton:.............................................................................................. 17
1. Mc ch ca ti ......................................................................................................... 17
2 La chn kiu trc quay ................................................................................................. 17
3. Phn tch bi ton ........................................................................................................... 18
II. CM BIN BIN DNG (STRAIN GAUGE) ............................................................... 19
1. Cu to strain gauge ....................................................................................................... 19
2) Phn loi strain gauge .................................................................................................... 20
3) Thng s c bn v cc c trng ca strain gauge ....................................................... 21
CHNG 3. THIT K, CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON ......................... 23
I. Thit k trc chu xon (trc quay) ................................................................................. 23
1. Chc nng: ...................................................................................................................... 23
2. Tnh ton thit k trc..................................................................................................... 23
3) Bn v thit k trc quay ................................................................................................ 26
II. Nghin cu la chn strain gauge ................................................................................. 26
III. ng dng mch cu Wheatstone trong vic bin i R ca strain gauge thnh
in p................................................................................................................................. 28
IV. La chn b khuych i, b x l, ngun v mn hnh hin th ................................ 33
1. La chn b khuych i................................................................................................ 33
2. La chn h thng x l d liu ..................................................................................... 35
3. Mn hnh hin th ............................................................................................................ 36
4. Ngun cp in p .......................................................................................................... 38
V. Tin hnh dn strain gauge ............................................................................................ 40

1. Chun b vt t, dng c ................................................................................................. 40
2. Cc bc tin hnh dn strain gauge .............................................................................. 41
CHNG 4. XC NH C TNH LM VIC CA THIT B BNG THC
NGHIM ............................................................................................................................ 46
I. Thit k s th nghim ................................................................................................ 46
1. Mc ch: ........................................................................................................................ 46
2. M hnh th nghim ........................................................................................................ 46
3. Thit b th nghim ......................................................................................................... 46
II. Kt qu th nghim ......................................................................................................... 47
1. Th nghim kho st gi tr in p hin th khi t ti trng bit. ............................ 47
2. Th nghim o m men xon trn trc quay. ................................................................ 48
3. nh gi kt qu v nhn xt .......................................................................................... 49
4. Kt lun v hng nghin cu tip theo ......................................................................... 49
5. Mt s hnh nh ca thit b ........................................................................................... 50
6. Chng trnh ci t cho b x l ardunio ..................................................................... 53
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................. 57
BNG DANH MC CC HNH V

Hnh 1.1: C l lc Tohnichi FHDS
Hnh 1.2: Tua vt lc STC (TOHNICHI)
Hnh 1.3: Dng c o m men o lc ng, m chai.
Hnh 1.4 l thit b o m men xon loi ST2-BT spin tork ca hng Excel Air tool
co.,INC
Hnh 1.5: ng dng thit b o m men xon loi ST2-BT spin tork trong lp rp.
Hnh 1.6a: Cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A ca hng Kitsler
Hnh 1.6b: ng dng cm bin m men xon trong vic kim tra ng c
Hnh 1.6c: Cu to cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A ca hng Kitsler
Hnh 1.6d: S ca nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin m men xon.
Hnh 1.7: S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng vnh gp
Hnh 1.8: Hnh nh tho ri cm bin m men xon dng vnh gp slip ring
Hnh 1.9:S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng bin p quay
Hnh 1.10: Nguyn l c bn ca cun dy bn trong
Hnh 1.11: Hnh v cu to bn trong ca cm bin m men xon dng bin p quay
Hnh 1.12. Hnh v cu to thit b o m men xon dng strain gauge tch hp vi h
thng chuyn i , b lu tr d liu v hin th gn trn trc quay.
Hnh 1.13.Hnh v cu to thit b o m men xon dng strain gauge tch hp vi h
thng chuyn i , b lu tr d liu v hin th gn trn trc quay.
Hnh 2.1: Hnh v kt cu mt s trc quay thng gp
Hnh2.2: M hnh bi ton
Hnh 2.3: M t lc tc dng v bin dng ca dy dn
Hnh 2.4: Cu to mt strain gaugse in hnh
Hnh 3.1: Bn v hnh dng v cc k hiu kch thc trn trc quay
Hnh 3.2: Hnh biu din lc tc dng ln mt bch ca trc quay
Hnh 3.3. Bn v thit k chi tit trc quay.
Hnh 3.4: Phng n dn strain gauge ln trc quay.
Hnh 3.5: Bng thng s v hnh dng strain gauge kiu Z23-FA-2-350-11
Hnh 3.6: Mch cu Wheatstone
Hnh 3.7: Quarter-Bridge
Hnh 3.8 : S dng dummy gauge trnh nh hng ca nhit
Hnh 3.9: nh hng ca in tr dy dn mch o dng Quarter-Brige
Hnh 3.10: Half-Bridge
Hnh 3.12: S nguyn l ca cu 6 dy
Hnh 3.13: S khi chc nng ca IC 3B18
Hnh 3.14 : kt ni u vo 3B18
Hnh 3.15. Bng m t chn chc nng
Hnh 3.17: Ty chnh h s khuych i
Hnh 3.18. Hnh nh cu to b vi x l andunio
Hnh 3.19. S mch led 7 on\

Hnh 3.20: S khi mn hnh hin th
Hnh 3.21: S mch ngun
Hnh 3.22 : Keo dn Extra 4000-Showa v bng dnh Scotch
Hnh 3.23. nh trc mu sau khi gn strain gauge.
Hnh 3.24. Hnh nh kim tra nhy xon ca thit b sau khi dn strain gauge bng
mn hnh hin tr Daytronic 3570.
Hnh 3.25. Hnh nh thit b o m men xon do hc vin thit k, ch to
Hnh 3.26. Hnh nh kt ni thnh cng strain gauge vi b ngun, b khuych i, vi
x l v mn hnh hin th
Hnh 3.27. Hnh nh lp t thit b o m men xon trn truc quay ln b truyn
ng to m men xon
Hnh 3.28. th biu din kt qu o m men hin th qua gi tr in p V0
Hnh 4.3. Hnh nh kim tra nhy xon ca thit b sau khi dn strain gauge bng
mn hnh hin tr Daytronic 3570.
PHN M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca khoa hc, cng ngh. Dng c o lng
c nhng bc tin ln v cht lng, kt cu v s thun tin khi s dng. C
th nh v chnh xc php o, phng php o, c ch hin th kt qu o,
kh nng tch hp vi my in, my vi tnh, kh nng thu pht khng dy.
Thit b o lng thng c phn thnh cc nhm nh: o lng nhit,
o lng p sut, o lng lc v m men, o lng cng, o lng di,
o lng cc ch tiu ha l, o dung tch, o khi lng, o bc x ht nhn
Thit b o m men xon trn trc quay da trn nguyn l mch cu
wheatston, tn hiu u ra t cc cm bin bin dng c kt ni vi b
khuych i 3B18 ca hng Analog divices, vi x l Ardunio gim ng k
cng vic tnh ton thit k c kh, tng chnh xc ca thit b.
Kt qu ca ti s l c s thit k ch to cc thit b o m men
xon, ng dng cc strain gauge vo cng tc o bin dng trn trc quay, la
chn b khuych i v x l tn hiu o cho mch cu hai tay v mch cu 4
tay (Half- Bridge v full-Bridge).
2. Mc ch nghin cu ti
Thit k ch to thit b o m men xon trn trc quay di o 0 Nm500Nm.
3. i tng nghin cu ca ti
* i tng nghin cu:
- Cc loi strain gauge.
-Thit k trc chu xon thun ty
- Nguyn l mch cu wheatston.
- K thut gn strain gauge trn trc quay, kt ni ng ra ca strain
gauge vi b khuych i v b vi x l;
4. ngha khoa hc ca ti
* ngha khoa hc ca ti:
-Xy dng v th nghim c cng ngh dn strain gauge trn b mt
trc chu xon bng nhm. La chn v th nghim thnh cng s dng strain
gauge vi b khuych i v b vi x l;
Xc nh c mul 3B18 khuych i tn hiu in p v cng b t

strain gauge c th hin th c kt qu o m men xon.
* ngha thc tin:
- Kt qu ca ti dng lm c s thit k ch to thit b o m men
xon trn trc quay.
- Sn phm ti lm dng c o m men xon s dng trong thc hnh,
th nghim ti trng i hc k thut cng nghip Thi Nguyn.
5. Phng php nghin cu
Phng php nghin cu l thuyt kt hp vi nghin cu thc nghim.
CHNG I. TNG QUAN V THIT B O M MEN XON

TRN TRC QUAY
1. Gii thiu v thit b o m men xon trn trc quay

Thit b o m men xon c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip lp rp
v ch bin ch to, sa cha nh: thit b cm tay, th ng c my cng c,.
a s cc thit b o m men xon ch yu c nhp khu t cc nc:
M (hng Futex), Anh, n , Trung Quc... Cc thit b ny s dng phng
php o bin dng trn trc quay tnh ra m men xon. Bin dng trn trc
quay c xc nh nh cc strain gauge dn trn trc v hot ng da theo
nguyn l cu in tr cn bng Wheatstone. Gia cng v ch to nhng thit b
ny tng i phc tp v i hi chnh xc cao.
Thit b o m men xon hiu c trn th trng c th chia lm 2 loi:
Thit b o m men xon tnh v thit b o m men xon ng.
M men l mt lc quay, m men xon coi l tnh nu n khng c gia
tc gc. V d nh cc m-men xon sinh ra bi mt l xo ng h s l mt
m-men xon tnh. Tuy nhin vic xc nh m men tnh v m men ng cn
ph thuc vo v tr o. V d m-men xon c sinh ra bi ng c xe t s
c c hai loi tnh v ng. Nu m-men xon c o trc khuu s l m
men ng, v n c dao ng ln do mi khi nhiu liu chy trong xi lanh s
sinh ra lc tc dng lc ln u piston lm trc khuu quay. Nu m-men xon
c o cc trc n s gn nh tnh v qun tnh quay ca bnh v b
truyn dn s lm gim mc dao ng.
Cc thit b o m men xon ngy nay thng c cu to gm cc thnh
phn chnh nh sau:
- Trc xon c dn strain gauge v cc mt bch lp ln thit b cn o;
- B khuych i tn hiu t cm bin
- B x l tn hiu o, hin th kt qu
- Ngun cp in;
- Lp v bo v.
a) Mt s thit b o m men xon tnh:
Hnh 1 .1: C l lc Tohnichi FHDS
Hnh 1.2: Tua vt lc STC (TOHNICHI)
Hnh 1.3: Dng c o m men o lc ng, m chai.

, ung.
Hnh 1.4.
Trn hnh 4 l thit b o m men xon loi

ST2-BT spin tork ca hng Excel Air tool
co.,INC. Hot ng theo nguyn l bin p
quay. S dng cm bin, truyn d liu bng
bluetooth, thch hp vi kim tra m men xon
u ra, chnh xc 1%, s dng pin cp
in cho c cu (10 h chy/2h xc). Gi tham
kho: Vi loi ST10N2 l 2904 USD.
Hnh 1.5: ng dng thit b o m men xon
loi ST2-BT spin tork trong lp rp.
b) Thit b o m men xon ng
Hnh 1.6b: ng dng cm bin m men xon

trong vic kim tra ng c
Hnh 1.6a: Cm bin m men xon kiu 4503
A ca hng Kitsler
Hnh 1.6c: Cu to cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A ca hng Kitsler
Hnh 1. 6d: S ca nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin m men xon.

Cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A do hng Kitsler sn xut hot ng da

trn nguyn l bin p quay. Thng c dng trong vic gim st kim tra
ng c in.
2. Nguyn l c bn o m men xon trn trc quay
a) Dng strain gauge tch hp vi vnh gp (slip ring):

Phng n ny thng c s dng ch to thit b o m men xon.
kt ni cc strain gauge trn trc quay vi phn tnh ngi ta s dng chi
qut bng Bc-Graphit tip xc vi c gp. Chi qut v c gp c nhim v
a in p kch thch vo v nhn tn hiu in p ra t mch cu. Cc strain
gauge c kt ni thnh mch cu wheatstone v dn trn trc xon nh s
nguyn l.
+ u im: C li th khi s dng c c dng xoay chiu v mt chiu
kch thch mch cu, hot ng vi mi tc ;
+ Nhc im: Tc trc quay kh cao, trong qu trnh ha ng c ma
st gia chi qut v c gp nn gy mn chi qut, nhiu ng, chnh xc
khng cao.
Hnh 1.7: S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng vnh gp
Hnh 1.8: Hnh nh tho ri cm bin m men xon dng vnh gp slip ring
b) Dng strain gauge tch hp vi bin p quay:
Phng php ny hot ng theo nguyn tc cm ng truyn tn hiu
in. Thit b s dng 2 my bin p. Mt my bin p dng truyn dng
in xoay chiu (AC) kch thch cho mch cu. My bin p cn li truyn tn
hiu u ra ca mch cu. Khi c in p kch thch cho cun dy s cp th t
trng bin thin to ra trong mch in th cp 1 hiu in th th cp. y
hai my bin p thay th cho 4 vng trt v chi than, trong qu trnh hot
ng cng khng c s tip xc trc tip. Tn hiu c truyn qua khong cch
khng kh gia cun dy s cp v cun th cp nh hnh v.
u im: Tn hiu n nh, cho chnh xc cao, bo tr t hn so vi
phng php vnh gp (slip rings). Nhc im: chnh xc ca thit b ph
thuc vo khong cch ca 2 cun dy trong bin p. Kh ch to, gi thnh
thit b cao.
ng dng: Thng c s dng cho cc c cu quay vi tc cao, cc
c cu o cn chnh xc cao.
Hnh 1.9:S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng bin p quay
Hnh 1.10: Nguyn l c bn Hnh 1.11: Hnh v cu to bn trong ca cm

ca cun dy bn trong
bin m men xon dng bin p quay
3. La chn phng n thit k

a) La chn phng n thit k
Trn c s 2 phng n thit k o m men xon trn em nhn thy
phng php dng vnh gp (slip rings) c nhiu nhc im nh nu trn.
Phng php dng bin p quay c nhiu u im nhng kh ch to v i hi
chnh xc cao nn khng la chn thit k.
gii quyt bi ton o m men xon ph hp vi thc t ca ti tc
gi xut phng n mi nh sau:
Dng strain gauge tch hp vi h thng chuyn i, lu tr d liu v
hin th gn trn trc quay:
Phng php ny ging hai phng n trn ch cc strain gauge c
gn trn trc quay nhng khc l ngun nui in p cho mch cu v nhn tn
hiu in p t mnh cu thng quay b khuych i. Sau tn hiu in p

sau khuych i c truyn n b x l v truyn n mn hnh hin th v
lu tr d liu. Ton b cc thit b trn c gn trn trc quay.
u im: d dng hiu chnh, trong c cu khng c b phn chuyn
ng, t nhiu ng do m bo c chnh xc ca thit b.
Nhc im: Cn c lp bo v cc thit b in t, thng xuyn phi
np pin do phi cp ngun in p nui b hin th v lu tr d liu.
Phng n dng strain gauge tch hp vi h thng chuyn i v lu tr
d liu gn trn trc quay ph hp vi thc tin. Cng tc thit k, ch to trc
xon c th thc hin ngay ti xng c kh khng yu cu cc my chuyn
dng, cc thit b khuych i, b x l v b lu tr d liu c th la chn loi
thch hp c bn rng ri trn th trng.
STRAIN GAUGE
BRIDGE
B KHUYCH
I
B X L
LU TR D LIU
Hnh 1.12: S khi h thng o m men xon dng dng strain gauge tch
hp vi h thng chuyn i b lu tr d liu v hin th gn trn trc quay
b) Cu to thit b
Hnh 1.13. Hnh v cu to thit b o m men xon dng strain gauge tch hp vi h thng
chuyn i , b lu tr d liu v hin th gn trn trc quay.
Ch gii:
1: Trc chu xon gn lin mt bch;
2: B chuyn i v lu tr d liu;
3: Strain gauge bridge;
4: Ngun v b x l ARDUINO.
c) Phng n lp t o m men xon
o m men xon th trc s c ni vi vi c cu truyn m men
xon v c cu hm nh mt bch 2 u. Di tc dng ca mmen xon
truyn t trc ng c n hp gim tc qua trc xon v n c cu hm lm
trc o bin dng. S bin dng ny t l vi m men. Nh vy vic xc nh
c bin dng ca trc o cng chnh l xc nh mmen ca c cu.
CHNG 2. C S TNH TON THIT K TRC QUAY

I. Phn tch yu cu bi ton:
1. Mc ch ca ti
- Thit k c thit b o mmen xon trn trc quay; Ch to c thit
b th nghim. Nghin cu, la chn b khuych i, b lu tr d liu v hin
th; Tin hnh th nghim phn tch, nh gi cc kh nng lm vic thit b
ng vn hnh n nh chnh xc ca thit b.
2 La chn kiu trc quay
Hnh dng, kt cu ca mt s trc quay thng gp trong thit k, ch
to thit b o m men xon theo phng php bin dng tip xc:
a. Tr trn c
b. Tr trn rng
c. Tr trn rng c vch

lm
Hnh 2.1: Hnh v kt cu mt s trc quay thng gp
c din tch dn cc strain gauge ln trc ta cn ng knh ngoi
ca trc ln nhm to thun li cho qu trnh ch to cm bin. Trc tr c
ng knh nh khng p ng yu cu t ra. Tr trn rng c vch lm s to
thun li cho qu trnh dn strain gauge ln trc nhng mc bin dng trn
cng bn knh khng u.
Do tc gi la chn dng trc rng c mt ct hnh vnh khn, kiu
thit k hnh b vi u im l: d ch to gia cng; chu xon tt, kch thc trc
ln thun tin cho vic dn cc strain gauge ln trc.
Nhc im: khng th o c gi tr m men xon thp, nhy xon
km. Tuy nhin di o ca thit b nghin cu kh ln t 0 Nm n 500Nm nn
c th chp nhn c.
3. Phn tch bi ton

Sau khi la chn c hnh dng trc chu xon ta c bi ton nh sau:
Gi s ta c trc trn c mt ct hnh vnh khn ch chu xon thun ty
vi m men xon M, ng knh ngoi D, ng knh trong d, chiu di trc l
nh hnh v 14.
Khi dn strain gauge theo phng 45o so vi ng sinh ca trc chu
xon theo nguyn l mch cu Wheatston. Di tc dng ca m men xon trc
bin dng b ko hoc nn theo phng xin mt gc 45 o so vi ng sinh. Do
ng lc v bin dng c quan h vi nhau v t c th xc nh c ng lc
khi o bin dng do n gy ra.
Hnh2.2: M hnh bi ton

y trng thi ng sut ti mt im trn trc trn chu xon l trng
thi trt thun tu vi
1=- 3=
p dng nh lut Hc v bin dng di

1
(
E
u=
1
E
2G
1
(
E
. )
y ta c G=
E
2(1
)
(1)
Di tc dng ca Mz, trc chu bin dng xon trn mt ct ngang ch c

thnh phn ng sut tip tc dng. Khi vng trn Mo c tm trng gc ta
. Cc phng chnh xin gc 45o so vi ng sut tip. Do o cc strain gauge

dn trn trc ch ch bin dng di.
Nh vy ta c:
u=
L
L
(2)
Cn bng 1 v 2, thay =
G=
2. L
8L. M
L D 3 (1
M
16 M
=
ta c
wp
D 3 (1 4 )
Kim nghim iu kin bn ca trc:

Max [ ] hay
16 M
1
D 3
M
D3
[ ]; vi Wp=
(1wp
16
);
16 M
D3 1
[ ] vy
[ ] - ng sut tip cho php, c xc nh theo cc cch

[ ]=
[ ]=
ng sut gii hn ca vt liu, n- h s an ton;
, nu da vo thuyt bn ng sut tip ln nht.

,nu da vo thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng
[ ]=
3
II. Cm bin bin dng (strain gauge)

1. Cu to strain gauge
Nm 1856, Lord Kelvin bo co rng in tr ca dy ng v thp
tng ln khi chu ko. Nhn xt ny to ra s pht trin ca cm bin bin
dng (strain gauge) vo nm 1939 ti hc vin cng ngh Caliofornia v hc
Vin Cng ngh Massachusetts. Ngy nay Strain gauge c ch to bng bn
dn hay kim loi m in tr ca n thay i khi c tc ng ca ngoi lc.
Gi s ta c dy dn vi chiu di L, chu lc ko (nn), lc ko (nn)
lm bin dng tng ng theo t l, gi s bin dng l L. Kch thc dy
dn bin dng l L+ l hoc L- l. T l
L
L
gi l bin dng.
V d: Khi mt dy dn c chiu di 100mm b bin dng, chiu di bin dng

l
L =0,1mm vy bin dng l:

0,1
=0,001=1000.10-6
100
Hnh 2.3: M t lc tc dng v bin dng ca dy dn

Cc dy dn in c ch to bng phng php khc t mt l kim loi
mng, to thnh li kim loi, mc ch nhm tng chiu di dy dn chiu dy
li kim loi t 3-6 m. Li kim loi c t trn mt tm nha mng t 1516 m v c p vi 1 film mng.
Hnh 2.4: Cu to mt strain gaugse in hnh

Khi c lc tc dng trc quay b bin dng, cc strain gauges dn trn trn
trc quay bin dng theo nh to ra s thay i in tr ca li kim loi.
Qu trnh thay i in tr t l vi bin dng ca trc chu xon. Lc tc dng
c o gin tip thng qua s thay i thng s in tr R ca li kim loi.
S thay i ny t l chnh xc vi lc tc dng.
2) Phn loi strain gauge
Hin nay, ngi ta s dng ph bin 2 loi cm bin bin dng:
+ Cm bin in tr l loi cm bin th ng, c ch to t vt liu c
in tr bin thin theo mc bin dng, c kch thc nh t vi mm n vi
cm v khi o chng c dn trc tip ln cu trc bin dng. Chng c s
dng rng ri trong lnh vc o lng c kh, hng hi, hng khng, kin trc xy
dng, y t , s dng nhiu trong ch to loadcell, cm bin o moment, p sut
+ Cm bin u o dng dy rung c dng ch yu trong ngnh xy

dng. u o c lm bng mt si dy kim loi cng gia 2 im ca cu trc
cn o bin dng. Tn s dy rung l hm ca sc cng c hc, tn s ny thay
i khi khong cch gia 2 im ni thay i.
3) Thng s c bn v cc c trng ca strain gauge
in tr ca cm bin c xc nh bi biu thc:
R=
l
S
Phng trnh vi phn

R
R
L
L
S
S
Bin dng dc DL ca dy ko theo bin dng ngang ca tit din, quan

h gia bin dng ngang v bin dng dc c dng
a
a
b
b
S
S
L
d2
; Tit din ngang ca dy S=a.b hoc S=
ta c
L
4
d
d
L
mt khc, i vi u o kim loi:
L
V
;
V
C l hng s Bridman; V: Th tch dy; v V=S.L ta c

V
V
(1 2 )
L
R
Vy ta c:
L
R
1 2
C (1 2 )
L
L
K.
L
L
H s K c gi l h s u o (Gauge factor). Gi tr xc nh theo

biu thc: K=1+2 +C(1-2 ); Vi
0,3 ; C 3 th K
Ta c Mi lin h gia R v :
R
R. GF
L
L
* Cc c trng ch yu
- in tr sut: in tr ca vt liu lm dy phi ln dy khng
qu di lm tng kch thc cm bin v tit din dy khng qu b lm gim
dng o dn n lm gim nhy.
- H s u o (Gauge factor): thng c k hiu l GF hoc K v

R
c xc nh nh sau: GF= R
L
L
Thng thng
GF=2-3, ngoi tr Iso-Elastic c GF=3.5 v Platin-
vonfram GF=4.1
- nh hng ca lc n tuyn tnh: Trong gii hn n hi, h s u
o khng i do quan h tuyn tnh gia in tr v bin dng. Ngoi gii
hn n hi, khi l/l>0.5%-20% ty theo vt liu, h s u o GF =2.
- nh hng ca nhit : Ni chung GF t chu nh hng ca nhit
, ngoi tr isoelastic. Trong khong nhit t -100oC 300oC s thay i
ca h s u o GF theo nhit c th biu th qua biu thc:
GF (T)= GF [1+
K(T- o)]
GF : h s u o nhit chun To ( thng To =25oC)

: h s ph thuc vt liu. Vi Nichrome V th
constantan K=+0.01%/ oC.
K
=-0.04%/ oC,
- nhy ngang: ngoi cc nhnh dc c in tr R L cm bin cn c

cc on nhnh ngang c tng di lt, in tr Rt,
Cc nh sn xut tiu chun ha thng s in tr ca strain gauge vi
3 mc in tr l 120 , 350 v 1000 ,
CHNG 3. THIT K, CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON

I. Thit k trc chu xon (trc quay)
1. Chc nng:
- Truyn m men xon t trc dn ti c cu chp hnh
- Lm gi lp cc thit b in t nh: b khuych i, b x l ,
ngun v b hin th,
- Trc phi m bo iu kin bn khi chu xon vi m men c gi tr
Mmax=500Nm.
2. Tnh ton thit k trc
m bo iu kin bn v cc chc nng ca trc, em chn vt liu gia
cng trc l nhm, sau khi rn t b=9000N/cm2
Hnh 3.1: Bn v hnh dng v cc k hiu kch thc trn trc quay
- Tnh ng knh trc D0 v d1.
+ ng sut tip ti thanh trn.
Max [ ] hay
D0 3
16M
1
M
D
[ ]; vi Wp= 0 (1wp
16
);
16M
3
D0 1
[ ] vy
Theo thuyt bn ng sut tip ln nht [ ]=

, vy [ ] = 4.500N/cm2.
[ ] - ng sut tip cho php ca vt liu chn l 4.500N/cm2.

D0 3
=
16 50.000
=4,07cm; chn D0=4,32cm, d1=2,4cm; Tnh c
9000 3,14159 1 0,5554
d
=0,555
D
- Tnh m men xon ln nht khi D0=4,32cm

T biu thc Mmax=max Wp=[ ]
4
D0
(116
)= 9000
3,14159 4,323
(116
)= 644,49 Nm
- Tnh ng knh bu lng d1 v ng knh D2 :
Hnh 3.2: Hnh biu din lc tc dng ln mt bch ca trc quay

Gi s chiu m men nh hnh v:
Theo nguyn l cng tc dng: F1=F2=F3=F4=F
Ta c Mmax=
D2
2
Fmax
4 ; Vy Fmax=
2 M max 2 644,52
=
=2.865,39 N
D2 4
0,12 4
Tnh iu kin bn thn bu lng khng b ct;

Fmax=
d1
4
[ ]; vi [ ]=4500 N/cm2.
d1
4 Fmax
4500* 3,14159
4 2865,39
=0,435cm;
4500* 3,14159
Vy chn d1= 1 cm.

Bng tng hp thng s k thut ca trc xon vi =
Thng s
TT
d
=0,555
D
K
hiu
n
v
Gi tr
Vt liu ch to: Nhm hp kim 2014A
ng sut tip cho php [ ]
[ ]
N/cm2
M men xon danh ngha
Nm
500
M men xon ln nht (qu ti)
Mmax Nm
644,49
iu kin bn ca trc
D0
mm
40,7
ng knh ngoi trc lm vic
D0
mm
43,2
ng knh trong trc lm vic
mm
24
Chiu di ln nht
L2
mm
206
ng knh mt bch
D3
mm
173
10
ng knh phn b l khoan bu lng
D2
mm
120
11
iu kin bn ca thn bu lng
d1
mm
0,435
12
ng knh l bu lng chn
d1
mm
10
13
S l bu lng
4500
3) Bn v thit k trc quay

T bng thng s k thut ca trc quay trn, ta c bn thit k chi tit
trc quay nh sau:
10
Hnh 3.3. Bn v thit k chi tit trc quay.

Vt liu ch to: nhm mc 2014A, c thnh phn ha hc nh sau:
Mc
Si
Fe
2014
0,5-0,9 0,5
Cu
Mn
Mg
Cr
3,9-5
0,4-1,2 0,2-0,8 0,1
Zn
Ti
0,25
0,15
Phi c ch to bng phng php rn.

II. Nghin cu la chn strain gauge
Ty thuc vo mc phc tp ca h lc cn o m ta la chn s lng,
chng loi strain gauge cng nh chn v tr dn strain gauge sao cho ph hp.
Tuy nhin do ti trng tc dng ln phn t bin dng l m men xon
nn ta phi s dng cm bin strain gauge o bin dng theo phng xin
gc 45o vi ng sinh ca trc trn (phn t bin dng).
Hnh 3.4: Phng n dn strain gauge ln

trc quay.
Hnh 3.5: Bng thng s v hnh dng strain gauge kiu Z23-FA-2-350-11
Thng s chnh ca strain gauge la chn nh sau:

- Cng ty sn xut: SHOWA MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO.,LTDJAPAN
- Kiu: Z23-FA-2-350-11
- Chiu di cng: 2mm;
- Mc thay i in tr: 350 0,3%;
- Gauge factor: 2,060,2%;
- Thermal output: 0,2
III. ng dng mch cu Wheatstone trong vic bin i R ca

strain gauge thnh in p
Cu Wheatstone l mt mch in c s dng o mt in tr cha
bit bng cch cn bng hai nhnh ca mt mch cu, trong c mt nhnh
cha cc thnh phn cha bit. Hot ng ca n tng t nh mt cu phn
th. N c pht minh bi Samuel Hunter Christie vo nm 1833 v c ci
tin v ph bin bi Charles Wheatstone vo nm 1843. Mt trong nhng mc
ch s dng ban u ca cu Wheatstone l dng vo vic phn tch v so snh
(Ekelof, 2001).
Hnh 3.6: Mch cu Wheatstone

Hnh 3.7: Quarter-Bridge
Mt cch tng qut, cu Wheatstone c dng nh Hnh 3.6 cc thnh phn
tr khng R1, R2, R3, R4 l cc in tr thun. Cu c kch bng ngun in p
VEX, ng ra VO l in th chnh lch gia hai nt a v b. in th VO c tnh
V0=(
R3
R2
R4
R3
R1
R4
).Ve
Thng thng khi thit k ngi ta chn cc gi tr in tr sai cho

trng thi cn bng R1=R2; R3=R4 hoc R1=R2=R3=R4;
Trong cc mch cm bin, cu Wheatstone c s dng bng cch
thay th cc in tr R1, R2, R3, R4 trn Hnh 3.6 bng cc strain gauge, ty
trng hp m s strain gauge c mc vo cu c th l 1, 2, 3 hoc 4. Do
t dng mch cu Wheatstone tng qut ta c cc dng bin th sau:
a) Quarter-Bridge
dng mch cu ny, ch c mt strain gauge c s dng, s
nguyn l nh Hnh 3.7. Do R1= R3 = R4 = RG = R, vi RG l in tr ca
strain gauge khi cha b bin dng. Khi c tc ng vo vt, in tr ca strain
gauge s thay i mt lng R. Khi , VO c tnh:
V0=(
R
2R
1
).Ve
2
nh hng ca nhit
Thc t, yu t nhit bn ngoi nh hng trc tip ln in tr ca
strain gauge lm gim chnh xc ca kt qu o. Trong trng hp ny
hn ch nh hng ca nhit ngi ta s dng thm mt dummy gauge
dn vo vt chng nhng trng thi khng hot ng.
Hnh 3.8 : S
dng
dummy
gauge trnh
nh hng ca
nhit
nh hng ca in tr dy dn
Hnh
3.9:
nh hng
ca in tr
dy dn
mch
o
dng
QuarterBrige
Do mch o v vt chu bin dng t xa nhau mt khong cch nht

nh nn cn c dy ni gia strain gauge v mch o. Chnh cc on dy dn
ny lm xut hin thm thnh phn in tr RL nh trn Hnh 3.9a.
Thnh phn in tr ny lm cho cu b mt cn bng ngay c khi khng
c tc ng lm strain gauge thay i in tr. Mt khc, in tr ca dy dn
cng chu tc ng ca nhit bn ngoi nn khi nhit thay i R L cng
thay i theo lm cho cu b mt n nh hn.
hn ch nh hng ca in tr dy dn v nhit ngi ta ci tin
bng cch thay i cch u dy dn nh Hnh 3.9b. Lc ny c 2 on Aa v
aB u c b in tr dy dn v cng chu tc ng ca nhit nn cu s
cn bng khi khng c tc ng. on dy dn c in tr R L2 mang dng in
rt nh v mch o nn in th ri trn dy dn ny rt nh v c th b qua.
b) Half-Bridge
Hnh 3.10: Half-Bridge

S nguyn l v ng dng ca mch o dng Half-Bridge c gii
thiu Hnh 3.10. Mch o Half-Bridge s dng 2 strain gauge trng thi tch
cc nhng trong c 1 strain gauge chu nn v 1 strain gauge chu ko,
nhy tng gp i so vi dng Half-Bridge. Mch thit k dng ny loi b
nh hng ca nhit . in p lch VO c tnh theo cng thc (3):
V0=(
R
2R
1
).VEX
2
c. Full-Bridge
Mch Full-Bridge s dng 4 strain gauge, trong c 2 strain gauge chu
nn v 2 strain gauge chu ko. S mch Full-Bridge nh Hnh 3.11.
R4
R1
i4
i1
Ve
VE
V0
i2
i3
R2
R3
Hnh 3.11: Full-Bridge

in th Vo c tnh theo cng thc
V0=(
R
R
2R
R
2R
).VEX
Nh im qua trn, cu Wheatstone hot ng cn phi cp mt in

p ngun VEX (excitation voltage). Ngun in p ny thng c gi tr trong
khong 3V 15V. Nu in p ny ln th in dng in chy qua cc strain

gauge trong cc nhnh cng ln v th s lm nh hng n in tr ca strain
gauge do nh hng ca nhit bn thn cc strain gauge sinh ra (self- heating).
in p kch thch VEX cng nh hng n in p lch Vo ca cu (th
hin trong cc cng thc (1), (2), (3)), nu VEX khng c gi n nh th VO
cng s khng n nh v lm nh hng n kt qu o. V th mch ngun
nui cho cm bin c thit k thm chc nng remote sensing. Chc nng ny
cho php mch kim tra in p VEX trn mch cu bng ng hi tip in
th dng 2 dy dn sense high v sense low ti im ni dy cp in th kch
thch cho cm bin. ng hi tip in th ny a v b ngun so snh v
b thm lng in p ri trn dy dn. V th nhng cm bin loi ny tr nn
c 6 dy (Hnh 3.12).
Hnh 3.12: S nguyn l ca cu 6 dy
IV. La chn b khuych i, b x l, ngun v mn hnh hin th

1. La chn b khuych i.
a) Chc nng chnh ca b khuych i
- IC c thit k chuyn dng khuych i tn hiu cho cc cm bin,
mch o dng cu v na cu.
- in th kch thch cho cm bin thay i c v chc nng remote
sensing h tr cho cm bin 4 dy v 6 dy
-B lc tn hiu (10HZ-20HZ), cho php ty chnh.
- H s khuych i thay i c trong khong 2mV/V-5000mV/V
Trn th trng c b khuych i 3B18 p ng c yu cu.
- in p ngun t cho cm bin c t trc 10V, khi thay i in
tr REXT t 300
n 1K .
in p ra Vo c tnh theo biu thc sau:

VO=G.VIN .
Trong : VO l in p ra; VIN l in p vo mch G. H s khuych i
Hnh 3.13: S khi chc nng ca IC 3B18

Hnh 3.14 : kt ni u vo 3B18
Hnh 3.15. Bng m t chn chc nng
Hnh 3.16: M hnh dng sn phm 3B vi cc chn ra

b) Tnh h s khuych i G .
Vi R3A=
200K
G
; vi R3A=500
vy G=
200
=400
0,5
Mun thay i h s khuych i G ch cn thay i gi tr in tr R3A,

R3A l bin tr d dng thay i khi s dng.
Cc in tr thit lp khuych i c ci t nh c ch ra nh hnh
Hnh 3.17: Ty chnh h s khuych i

2. La chn h thng x l d liu
a) Chc nng b vi x l: thu thp x l thng tin t cm bin v truyn
tn hiu n mn hnh. Chuyn i d liu t dng tng t sang dng s
b) Cu to b vi x l andunio
-Bng mch Anduino c 14 cng in/out (nh s 0-13). y l cc chn
cm ca Arduino c chc nng input hoc output, to nn ct li ca thit b.
- C 6 chn k thut s, c nh du bi du ~ thc hin xung.
- Chn 13 c bit c mt LED c ghp vo. Vic ny gip cho vic
th nghim. Chng ta th s dng LED c sn, bng cch xut ra chn 13 hoc
ra cc chn khc. phn bn phi di c mt cng analog 6 chn input.
Chng gip c cc gi tr ca cm bin analog.
bn tri l cc cng analog tng t cng ngun, ch cn ngun 3,3 vol
hoc 5 vol.
- Cui cng, mt cng tc chuyn dng reset Arduino n s gip khi
ng li bt k chng trnh no trong b nh.
- Arduino c mt khong b nh, v nu chng trnh qu ln, compiler

s bo li.
Kt ni: Arduino l mt thit b phn cng c th hot ng c lp (nh
mt robot), kt ni vi my tnh, hoc mt thit b Arduino khc, cc thit b
in t khc
Hnh 3.18. Hnh nh cu to b vi x l andunio

3. Mn hnh hin th
a) Chc nng
- Hin th kt qu o,
b) Cu to
Dng c o s dng b ch th 7 on sng LED ghp li vi nhau theo
hnh s 8. Khi cho dng din chy qua nhng on thch hp c th hin hnh
bt k s no t 0-9
Hnh 3.19. S mch led 7 on

C hai cch mc LED thng dng: LED 7 on sng Ant chung, LED 7
on sng Katt chung.
LED 7 on sng Katt chung: Katt ca tt c cc it u c ni
chung vi im c in th bng 0 (hay cc m ca ngun). Tc ng vo du
vo (Ant) ca it mc logic 1 it sng.
LED 7 on sng Ant chung: L phng n chn mc n led cho
mn hnh hin th ca thit b o. Cc ant c ni chung vi cc dng ca
ngun (mc logic 1). Tc dng vo u vo (Katt) ca dit mc logic 0 it
sng.
c) S khi mn hnh hin th:
Hnh 3.20: S khi mn hnh hin th

4. Ngun cp in p
a) Chc nng:
Cp in p cho mch cu, b khuych i, b x l v mn hnh hin th.
To ngun i xng
15V cp ngun nui cho b khuych i; to ngun 5V
nui b x l.
b) S mch ngun:
Hnh 3.21: S mch ngun
V. Tin hnh dn strain gauge

1. Chun b vt t, dng c
a) Vt t cn dng
- Trc chu xon: trc mu gia cng theo ng bn v thit k, S lng
01 trc.
- Bng dnh loi Scotch. S lng: 02 cun,
- Keo dn loi Extra 4000. S lng: 02 tuyp,
Hnh 3.22 : Keo dn Extra 4000Showa v bng dnh Scotch
- Strain gauge kiu: Z23-FA-2-350-11 hng sn xut: SHOWA

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS CO.,LTD-JAPAN. S lng : 02 chic
Strain Gage
Pattern
Type
Z23-MA-2-350-11
Nominal
Resistance
350
Apporox
Gage
Fator
2.0
Dimensionmm
Grid
Remarks
Base
Length Width Length Width
2.0
---
13.0
Uniaxial
45,for
7.0
shearing
strain
- Giy rp mn: 02 t
- Dung mi lm sch chuyn dng, cn 700
- Dy dn tn hiu chng nhiu: s lng 50cm.
- Cu dn in 4 chn: S lng 01 cu.
- B khuych i 3B18, b x l ardunio, ngun cp in, mn hnh hin th.
- B hin th: loi Daytronic 3570,
b) Thit b phc v th nghim:
- My cng c gm: My tin, my mi, my khoan, my phay.
- Cc dng c cm tay: My mi, my ct, my nh bng.
- M hn, dy hn, ng h o Amprobe AM-570.
2. Cc bc tin hnh dn strain gauge
- Bc 1: Lm sch b mt trc quay bng giy rp v dung mi.
- Bc 2: Ly du v tr dn trn trc quay v dn Strain gauge ln trc
quay theo du vch sn: Qu trnh ly du c thc hin trn my tin
m bo chnh xc. Sau lm sch b mt thn trc v cc strain gauge ln
2. Sau khi c lm sch b mt thn trc v cc strain gauge c ph bng
mt lp keo dnh. Cc strain gauge ny sau c dn ln thn trc
- Bc 3: Hn ni to mch cu: Sau khi keo kh, bc lp bng dnh bn
ngoi, dng dung mi nh nhang ty ra b mt ca strain gauge. Dng m hn
v dy dn hn ni to dy cp ngun vo v dy nhn tn hiu u ra cho mch
cu theo s nguyn l 6 dy.
- Bc 4: Kt ni u dy tn hiu v in p kch thch ca mch cu vi
mch khuych i 3B18 v b x l, ngun nui v mn hnh hin th.
- Bc 5. G t cc thit b in t ln trc quay
- Bc 6: Ph slicon A900 nn b mt th b in t: B mt dn cc
strain gauge v mch in tr ca thit b s c ph mt lp silicon A 900 bo
v straingauge, mch in tr v h thng dy in t khi tc ng ca m

mi trng.
- Bc 7. Th nghim kho st gi tr in p hin th khi t gi tr m
men bit
- Bc 8. G t trc quay ln b truyn ng to m men xon.
Hnh 3.23. nh trc mu sau khi gn strain gauge.
Hnh 3.24. Hnh nh kim tra nhy xon ca thit b sau khi dn strain gauge
bng mn hnh hin tr Daytronic 3570.
Hnh 3.25. Hnh nh thit b o m men xon do hc vin thit k, ch to
Hnh 3.26. Hnh nh kt ni thnh cng strain gauge vi b ngun, b khuych

i, vi x l v mn hnh hin th
CHNG 4. XC NH C TNH LM VIC CA THIT B

BNG THC NGHIM
I. Thit k s th nghim
1. Mc ch:
- Xc nh gi in p u ra thng qua m men xon tc dng ln phn t
bin dng. a ra mi quan h gia chng.
2. M hnh th nghim
To m men
xon cho thit b
o
o in p u ra
Quan h gia m
men xon v in
p
3. Thit b th nghim
Thc hin ti Trung tm sng to sn phm, trng i hc KT cng nghip
- Thit b to m men xon v c cu hm;
- B hin th daytronic 3570
Hnh 4.1. Hnh nh lp t thit b o m men xon trn truc quay ln b truyn
ng to m men xon
II. Kt qu th nghim
1. Th nghim kho st gi tr in p hin th khi t ti trng bit.
Ln lt p ti mmen xon t 0Nm n 500Nm ta c bng gi tr sau:
Bng 3 gi tr in p hin th (in p sau khuych i) trn mn hnh (Vo)
Th t
Gi tr m
men xon M
(Nm)
in p sau
khuych i - gi
tr hin th (Vo)
(V)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
0
0,0278
0,0519
0,0742
0,1016
0,1270
0,1524
0,1778
0,2032
0,2286
0,2541
0,2795
0,2975
0,3222
0,3469
0,3715
0,4065
0,4319
0,4573
0,4702
0,4949
0,5196
0,5442
0,5843
0,6097
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Th
t
Gi tr m
men xon M
(Nm)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
in p sau khuych
i - gi tr hin th
(Vo) (V)
0,6352
0,6606
0,6859
0,7114
0,7368
0,7622
0,7663
0,7909
0,8156
0,8638
0,8892
0,9146
0,9400
0,9654
0,9636
0,9883
1,0417
1,0671
1,0925
1,1179
1,1433
1,1687
1,1941
1,2195
1,2103
1,2350
Gi tr in p (V)
th biu din quan h in p Vo v m men xon

1,4
1,2
1
0,8
th biu din quan h in

p Vo v m men xon
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Gi tr M men (Nm)
Qua th ta thy ng biu din quan h in p v m men l ng

tuyn tnh.
T ta suy ra c phng trnh biu din quan h M-V nh sau:
VO=0,00254M (V) Hoc M=
Vo
(Nm)
0,00254
2. Th nghim o m men xon trn trc quay.

G t thit b o ln trc truyn dn, cho trc xon chuyn ng vi tc
92 vng/pht, ta o c cc gi tr in p v m men nh sau:
Bng 4. Bng gi tr hin th in p Vo v gi tr m men tng ng
Gi tr hin th
in p
Gi tr m
hin th V0 men (Nm)
Ln th nghim 2
in p
Gi tr m
Ln hin th V0 men (Nm)
o
Ln th nghim 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0
0,0029
0,0879
0,1759
0,2791
0,4110
0,4750
0,5819
0,6800
0,7781
0,8762
0,9743
0
1,1410
34,697
69,230
109,85
161,77
186,96
229,04
267,65
306,25
345,86
385,47
0
0,0175
0,0879
0,1730
0,2521
0,3140
0,4017
0,4755
0,5521
0,6286
0,7051
0,7816
in p
Gi tr m
hin th V0 men (Nm)
Ln th nghim 3
0
7,8878
34,397
68,090
99,220
123,59
158,11
187,17
217,29
247,41
276,53
305,65
0
0,0850
0,2199
0,3277
0,4245
0,5170
0,5880
0,7107
0,8107
0,9108
1,0109
1,1110
0
31,455
86,550
128,98
167,08
203,49
231,43
279,71
319,10
358,50
398,89
433,28
Kt qu gi tr o mo men xon c biu din di dng th nh sau:

th biu din quan h in p v m men
500
Gi tr m men (Nm)
450
400
350
300
th nghim ln 1
250
th nghim ln 2
200
th nghim ln 3
150
100
50
0
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,2
in p Vo (V)
Hnh 4.2. th biu din kt qu o m men hin th qua gi tr in p V0
3. nh gi kt qu v nhn xt
xc nh c gi tr in p u ra khi c m men xon tc dng. Xy
dng c phng trnh ch ra mi quan h gia in p v m men
- Nghin cu la chn b khuych i 3B18, b x l Ardunio gim bt
s phc tp trong tnh ton v thit k phn cng. Kt qu th nghim cho thy
thit b sau khi ch to p ng c yu cu t ra cho bi ton x l tn hiu
strain gauge ng dng trong vic o m men xon.
4. Kt lun v hng nghin cu tip theo
- Kt lun:
+ Tc gi bc u nghin cu, ch to thnh cng thit b o m
men xon trn trc quay. Tuy nhin do iu kin nghin cu ch to trong
nc nh l ti liu, h thng phng th nghim v c nhng vn v ti
chnh cn kh khn thiu thn nn chnh xc, tin cy ca tn hiu ca
thit b vn cha cao.
+ Thit k, ch to mch o lng strain gauge, b ngun, b khuych
i, b x l v kt ni thnh cng mn hnh hin th.
- Hng nghin cu tip theo:
+ Hon thin h thng o m men xon trn trc quay vi s phi hp
ca cc chuyn gia v in t nng cao chnh xc ca thit b.
+ Nghin cu v vn ng sut mi ca cm bin, tnh n nh
ca h thng, nh hng ca nhit n chnh xc ca thit b
5. Mt s hnh nh ca thit b
Hnh 4.3. Hnh nh kim tra nhy xon ca thit b sau khi dn strain gauge
bng mn hnh hin tr Daytronic 3570.
Hnh 4.4 Hnh nh thit b o m men xon do hc vin thit k, ch to
Hnh 4.5. Hnh nh kt ni thnh cng strain gauge vi b ngun, b khuych

i, vi x l v mn hnh hin th
6. Chng trnh ci t cho b x l ardunio

#include <SD.h>
File myFile;
///
//int maxin=5;
int maxin=3.1;
///
float hs1=0.01568;
float hs2=0.0156;
//
const int sw = 2;
int state=0;
//////
const int data_A = 3;
const int data_B = 4;
const int data_C = 5;
const int data_D = 6;
////
const int led_A = 8;
const int led_B = 9;
const int led_C = 10;
const int Point = 11;
///
int sensor = A0;
int Value = 0;
float out =0;
float old =0;
int oldvalue=0;
float tmp;
//
int dataout[ ={4,5,6,7,8};
int rest=5;
////////////////
void setup() {
// set the digital pins as outputs:
pinMode(data_A, OUTPUT);
pinMode(data_B, OUTPUT);
pinMode(data_C, OUTPUT);
pinMode(data_D, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led_A, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led_B, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led_C, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Point, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sw, INPUT);
///
if (!SD.begin(4)) {
// digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
// return;
}
tmp=readad();
//tmp=0;
}
void loop()
{
out=readad()-tmp;
toBCD(out);
state=digitalRead(sw);
//if (sw==HIGH) toBCD(out); else toBCD(out/400);
for (int i=4; i >= 0; i--){
writeled(i,dataout[i]);
delay(2);
}
}
float momen(float input){
return (input-hs2)/hs1;
}
//
float mapad(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max)
{
return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
///
float readad(){
Value = analogRead(sensor);
if (abs(Value-oldvalue)>0){
old=mapad(Value,0,1023,0,maxin);
oldvalue=Value;
return old;
} else return old;
}
void writesd(int value){
myFile = SD.open("example.txt", FILE_WRITE);
myFile.println(value);
myFile.close();
}
void writeled(int pos, int num)
{
// turn off all of leds
digitalWrite(led_A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led_B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led_C,HIGH);
// OUT NUMBER FOR PRINTING
switch (num) {
case 0:
digitalWrite(data_D,LOW);
digitalWrite(data_C,LOW);
digitalWrite(data_B,LOW);
digitalWrite(data_A,LOW);
break;
case 1:
digitalWrite(data_A,HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(data_B,HIGH);
break;
case 3:
break;
case 4:
digitalWrite(data_C,HIGH);
break;
case 5:
break;
case 7:
break;
case 8:
digitalWrite(data_D,HIGH);
break;
case 9:
digitalWrite(data_D,HIGH);
}
/// TURN ON LED
switch (pos) {
case 0:
digitalWrite(led_A,LOW);
digitalWrite(led_B,LOW);
digitalWrite(led_C,LOW);
digitalWrite(Point,HIGH);
break;
case 1:
digitalWrite(Point,HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(Point,LOW);
break;
case 3:
break;
case 4:
digitalWrite(led_C,HIGH);
}
}
void toBCD(float num){
long newnum=(long)(num*pow(10,4));
for (int i=4;i>=0;i--){
dataout[i]=newnum%10;
newnum=newnum/10;
}
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. PGS H Vn Vui, TS Nguyn Ch Sng (2006) S tay thit k c
kh. NXB Khoa hc k thut;
[2]. Devdas Shetty Richaro A.Kolk 2001: Mechatronics system design
University of Hartford West Hartford, Connecticut
[3]. L Quang Minh v Nguyn Vn Vng (2004), Sc bn vt liu tp1,
tp 2. NXB Gio dc
[4]. Bnh Tin Long, Trn Th Lc, Trn S Tu (2001), Nguyn l gia
cng vt liu, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni
[5]. Trn Vn ch, Nguyn Trng Bnh, Nguyn Th t, Nguyn Vit
Tip, Trn Xun Vit (2003), Cng ngh ch to my, NXB Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni.
[6]. Trn Vn ch (2004), Gia cng tinh b mt chi tit my, NXB Khoa
hc v k thut, H Ni.
[7]. Dng Minh Tr (2007), Cm bin v ng dng, NXB tr.
[8].Ng Din Tp (2004), Vi x l trong o Lng v iu Khin,
Nh xut bn, Khoa hc v K thut.
[9].Devdas Shetty Richaro A.Kolk, Mechatronics System Design.
[10]. Introduction to Mechantronics and Measurement Systems. David G.
Alciatore. Michael B. Histand Colorado State University 2005
[11]. Lebow products Honeywell Full line catalof 15th editon, 2006
[12] Beaupre GS, Hayes WC, Jofe MH, White AAd, Monitoring fracture
site properties with external fixation.
[13]B urny FL(1979, 371-382), Strain-gauge measurement of fracture
healing. In External fixation The current state of the art (Edited by: al Be).
Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1979, 371-382
14] V Minh Tr, Mch khuych i Strain gauge dng vi mch chuyn
dng 1B31AN, Tp ch khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th. S 31/2014

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I HC THI NGUYN

TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

PHM HNG NAM

THIT K, CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON

LUN VN THC S K THUT

Thi Nguyn, thng 12 nm 2014

PHM HNG NAM

THIT K CH TO THIT B O M MEN XON

LUN VN THC S K THUT

Thi Nguyn, thng 12 nm 2014

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

: Phm Hng Nam

Sinh ngy : 01 thng 3 nm 1981

: Thnh ph Thi Nguyn, tnh Thi Nguyn

Phm Hng Nam

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

V. Tin hnh dn strain gauge ............................................................................................ 40

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

BNG DANH MC CC HNH V

Hnh 3.19. S mch led 7 on\

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

Xc nh c mul 3B18 khuych i tn hiu in p v cng b t

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

CHNG I. TNG QUAN V THIT B O M MEN XON

1. Gii thiu v thit b o m men xon trn trc quay

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

a) Mt s thit b o m men xon tnh:

Hnh 1 .1: C l lc Tohnichi FHDS

Hnh 1.2: Tua vt lc STC (TOHNICHI)

Hnh 1.3: Dng c o m men o lc ng, m chai.

Trn hnh 4 l thit b o m men xon loi

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

b) Thit b o m men xon ng

Hnh 1.6b: ng dng cm bin m men xon

Hnh 1.6c: Cu to cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A ca hng Kitsler

Hnh 1. 6d: S ca nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin m men xon.

Cm bin m men xon kiu 4503 A do hng Kitsler sn xut hot ng da

a) Dng strain gauge tch hp vi vnh gp (slip ring):

Hnh 1.7: S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng vnh gp

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

Hnh 1.9:S h nguyn l cm bin o m men xon dng bin p quay

Hnh 1.10: Nguyn l c bn Hnh 1.11: Hnh v cu to bn trong ca cm

bin m men xon dng bin p quay

3. La chn phng n thit k

hiu in p t mnh cu thng quay b khuych i. Sau tn hiu in p

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu - HTN

CHNG 2. C S TNH TON THIT K TRC QUAY

c. Tr trn rng c vch

3. Phn tch bi ton

Hnh2.2: M hnh bi ton

p dng nh lut Hc v bin dng di

Di tc dng ca Mz, trc chu bin dng xon trn mt ct ngang ch c

. Cc phng chnh xin gc 45o so vi ng sut tip. Do o cc strain gauge

Kim nghim iu kin bn ca trc:

[ ] - ng sut tip cho php, c xc nh theo cc cch

ng sut gii hn ca vt liu, n- h s an ton;

, nu da vo thuyt bn ng sut tip ln nht.

II. Cm bin bin dng (strain gauge)

V d: Khi mt dy dn c chiu di 100mm b bin dng, chiu di bin dng

L =0,1mm vy bin dng l:

Hnh 2.3: M t lc tc dng v bin dng ca dy dn

Hnh 2.4: Cu to mt strain gaugse in hnh

+ Cm bin u o dng dy rung c dng ch yu trong ngnh xy