Ki Thuat Tim Diem Roi Trong Chung Minh BDT

MT S K THUT S DNG
BT NG THC CAUCHY V BT NG THC

BUNYAKOVSKI
MT S QUY TC CHUNG KHI S DNG BT NG THC
A.
CAUCHY V BT NG THC BUNYAKOVSKI
Quy tc song hnh: a s cc bt ng thc u c tnh i xng nn chng ta c th
s dng nhiu bt ng thc trong chng minh mt bi ton nh hng cch gii nhanh
hn.
Quy tc du bng: Du = trong bt ng thc c vai tr rt quan trng. N gip ta
kim tra tnh ng n ca chng minh, nh hng cho ta cch gii. Chnh v vy khi gii
ne
cc bi ton chng minh bt ng thc hoc cc bi ton cc tr ta cn rn luyn cho mnh

thi quen tm iu kin ca du bng mc d mt s bi khng yu cu trnh by phn ny.
u.
Quy tc v tnh ng thi ca du bng: Chng ta thng mc sai lm v tnh xy ra
lie
ng thi ca du = khi p dng lin tip hoc song hnh nhiu bt ng thc. Khi p
dng lin tip hoc song hnh nhiu bt ng thc th cc du = phi cng c tha mn
ai
vi cng mt iu kin ca bin.
bo
c ti v tr bin.
xt
Quy tc bin: i vi cc bi ton cc tr c iu kin rng buc th cc tr thng t

Quy tc i xng: Cc bt ng thc c tnh i xng th vai tr ca cc bin trong cc
bt ng thc l nh nhau do du = thng xy ra ti v tr cc bin bng nhau. Nu
bi ton c iu kin i xng th chng ta c th ch ra du =xy ra ti khi cc bin
bng nhau v bng mt gi tr c th.
B. MT S K THUT S DNG BT NG THC CAUCHY

I. BT NG THC CAUCHY
Cho n s thc khng m a1 , a2 ,..., an , n Z , n 2 , ta lun c:
a1 a2 ... an n . n a1 .a2 ...an
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a1 a2 ... an
http://boxtailieu.net
II. MT S K THUT S DNG BT NG THC CAUCHY

1. K thut tch ghp b s
1.1 K thut tch ghp c bn
Bi 1: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng: a bb c c a 8abc
Gii:
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:
a bb cc a 2
ab .2 bc .2 ac 8abc (pcm)
Bi 2: Cho 4 s thc dng a, b, c, d. Chng minh rng:

ac bd
a bc d
Gii:
ac bd
ne
b
d
.
a b c d
u.
a
c
.
a b c d
1 a
c 1 b
d 1ab cd

1
2ab cd 2ab cd 2ab cd
lie
a b c d
a bc d (pcm)
ai
ac bd
a c
. Chng minh rng:
b c
bo
xt
Bi 3: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha
Gii:
ca c cb c ab

ca c cb c
ab
c a c
c b c
.
.
b
a
a
b
1c ac 1c bc

2b
a 2a
b
1c
c 1c
c
1 1 1
2b
a 2a
b
ca c cb c ab (pcm)
Bi 4: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:

1 3 abc 3 1 a 1 b1 c
Gii:
1 3 abc
1 a 1 b 1 c
1
1
1
a
b
c
.
.
3
.
.
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 a 1 b 1 c
1 1
1
1 1 a
b
c

3 1 a 1 b 1 c 3 1 a 1 b 1 c
1 1 a 1 b 1 c

1
3 1 a 1 b 1 c
1 3 abc 3 1 a 1 b1 c (pcm)
a 1
. Chng minh rng:
b
ne
Bi 5: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha
a b 1 b a 1 ab
u.
Gii:
ab
(2)
2
xt
Tng t: b a 1
1
a ab a ab (1)
2
2
ai
a b 1 a ab a
lie
bo
Cng theo v (1) v (2), ta c:

a b 1 b a 1 ab (pcm)
Bi 6: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. Chng minh rng: 16aba b2 a b4

Gii:
16aba b 4.4ab a b
2
4ab a b 2
a b 2
4
4.
4.
a b (pcm)
2
2
2
Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:
a1 b b1 c c1 a 33 abc 1 3 abc
Gii:
Ta c:
a1 b b1 c c1 a a b c ab bc ca

a b c 33 abc
ab bc ca 33 abc
a b c ab bc ca 33 abc 33 abc 33 abc 1 33 abc

2
a1 b b1 c c1 a 33 abc 1 3 abc
(pcm)
Bi 8: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. Chng minh rng: ab
a b
a b 1
b a
Gii:
a b ab a ab b a
b

b a 2 2b 2 2a 2b 2a
ab a
ab b
a b
. 2
.
2
.
a b 1 (pcm)
2 2b
2 2a
2b 2a
ne
ab
u.
Bi 9: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 10 . Tm GTLN ca: A a 2b3c5

Gii:
lie
Ta c:
xt
ai
a a b b b c c c c c
a b c
10 a b c 1010 . .
2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5
2 3 5
2
a b c
a b c
. . 1 . . 1 a 2b3c 5 22 3355 337500
2 3 5
2 3 5
bo
10
a 2
a b c
a b c abc

1 b 3
Du = xy ra 2 3 5
2 3 5
10
c 5
a b c 10
Vy GTLN ca A l 337500.
1.2 K thut tch nghch o
Bi 1: Chng minh rng:
a b
2 , a,b 0
b a
Gii:
V a,b 0 nn
a
b
0,
0
b
a
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

a b
a b
2 . 2 (pcm)
b a
b a
Bi 2: Chng minh rng: a
1
3 , a 1
a 1
Gii:
a
1
1
1
a 1
1 2 a 1
1 2 1 3 (pcm)
a 1
a 1
a 1
a2 2
a2 1
2 , a R
Gii:
a2 1
a2 11
a2 1
a2 1
a2 1
a2 1
3a 2
1
, a 0
4
1 9a
2
a2 1
2 (pcm)
ne
a2 2
u.
Gii:
lie
Vi a 0 , p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
xt
ai
3a 2
1
1
1
1
(pcm)
4
4
1
1
9a
1 9a
3a 2 2 1 .3a 2 2
2
2
2
3a
3a
3a
3a 2
2
a2
2 , a 1
Bi 5: Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: A a 1
a 1
bo
Gii:
a 2 2a 2
A a 1
a
a 12 1
a 1
a 1
a 1 a 1
a 1
2a 1
2
a 1
Cauchy
2 2a 1
a 12
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi 2a 12
22 22
a 12
hay a
24 8
2
Vy GTNN ca A 2 2 2
Bi 6: Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A a
2
, a 0
a2
Gii:
Aa
2 a a

a2 2 2
1
a a
1
1 3
3. . .
33 3 4
3 2 2
a a
a a
2 2
2. .
2. .
2 2
2 2
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi
Vy GTNN ca A
a
2
2 hay a 3 4
2 a
33
4
2
1
3 , a b 0
b( a b)
ne
Gii:
u.
1
1
1
b a b
33 b.a b .
3
ba b
ba b
ba b
a bb 12
3 , a b 0
ai
lie
xt
Gii:
bo

4
a b
b 1 b 1
1
1
b 1 b 1
2
2
a b b 1
a b
2
2
b 1 . b 1 .
1
4. a b .
1 3
4
2
2
a b b 1 b 1
2
2
2
1.3 K thut ghp i xng

Trong k thut ghp i xng ta cn nm mt s thao tc sau:
ab bc ca
a b c
Php cng:
2
2
2
2a b c a b b c c a
abc ab bc ca ,
Php nhn:
a, b, c 0
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ca
Bi 1: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:
bc ca ab
abc
a
b
c
Gii:
Ta c:
bc ca ab 1 bc ca 1 ca ab 1 ab bc

a
b
c
2 a
b 2 b
c 2 c
a
bc ca
ca ab
ab bc
.
.
.
abc
a b
b c
c a
a2 b2 c2 b c a

b2 c2 a2 a b c
Bi 2: Cho ba s thc abc 0 . CMR:

Gii:
Ta c:
1 c2 a2
2 2
b
2a
a2 b2
b2 c2
c2 a2
b c a b c a
. 2
2
2
2
2
2
a b c a b c
b c
c a
a b
u.
1 b2 c2
2 2
a
2c
ne
a2 b2 c2 1 a2 b2
b 2 c 2 a 2 2 b 2 c 2
lie
Bi 3: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tha abc 1. CMR:
xt
Gii:
ai
bc ca ab
a b c 3
a
b
c
bo
bc
b c c a a b 2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
ca
ab
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
bc
ca ca
ab ab
bc
b
c
a
b
c
a
Vy
bc ca
2
a b
ca ab
2
b c
ab bc
c a
2 a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c 33
a b c a b c 3
bc ca ab
a b c 3
a
b
c
Bi 4: Cho ABC , AB c, BC a, CA b, p
abc
. CMR:
2
p a p b p c 1 abc
8
Gii:
Ta c:
p a p b p c p a p b p b p c p c p a
p a p b . p b p c . p c p a
2
2
2
2 p a b 2 p b c 2 p c a 1
.
.
abc
2
2
2
8
abc
. CMR:
2
ne
1
1
1
1 1 1
2
p a p b p c
a b c
u.
Gii:
Ta c:
lie
1
1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1

p a p b p c 2 p a p b 2 p b p c 2 p c p a
ai
p a p b
xt
p b p c
p c p a
1
1
1
p a p b p b p c p c p a
2
2
2
1 1 1
2
a b c
bo
1.4 K thut ghp cp nghch o

Trong k thut ghp cp nghch o ta ng dng bt ng thc sau
Vi n N v x1 , x2 ,..., xn 0 th
x1 x2 ... xn 1
x1
1
1
.. n 2
x2
xn
Chng minh bt ng thc trn :

Ta c vi x1 , x2 ,..., xn 0 th
x1 x2 ... xn 1
x1
1
1
1
.. nn x1 x2 ...xn .nn
n2
x2
xn
x1 x2 ...xn
Vi n 3 v x1 , x2 , x3 0 th
x1 x2 x3 1
x1
1
1
9
x 2 x3
bc ca ab
6
a
b
c
Gii:
Ta c:
bc ca ab bc ca ab
1
1
1
3
a
b
c
a
b
c
abc bca cab
3
a
b
c
1 1 1
a b c 3 9 3 6
a b c
a
b
c
3
bc ca ab 2
ne
u.
(Bt ng thc Nesbit)
lie
Gii:
Ta c:
bo
xt
ai
a
b
c
a
b
c
1
1
1
3
bc ca ab bc ca ab
abc bca cab
3
bc
ca
ab
1
1
1
a b c
3
bc ca ab
1
1
1
1
b c c a a b
3
2
bc ca ab
9
3
3
2
2
c2
a2
b2
abc

ab bc ca
2
Gii:
c2
a2
b2
c2
a2
b2
a
b
a b c
c
ab bc ca
ab
bc
c a
c
a
b
c1
a1
b1
a b c
ab bc ca
abc bca cab

c
a
b
a b c
ab bc ca
a
b
c
a b c
a b c
ab bc ca
a
b
c
a b c
1
ab bc ca
Theo bt ng thc Nesbit chng minh bi 2 th:

a
b
c
3
bc ca ab 2
Do
c2
a2
b2
3 abc
(pcm)
a b c 1
ab bc ca
2
2
Bi 4: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 1 . Chng minh bt ng thc
ne
sau:
1
1
1
2
2
9
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab
u.
lie
Gii:
Do a b c 1 ta c:
ai
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
a b c 2
2
2
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab

a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab
1
1
1
a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ac 2

2
2
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab

1
1
1
a 2 2bc b 2 2ac c 2 2ab 2

2
2
9
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab
xt
bo
2. K thut i bin s
C nhng bi ton v mt biu thc ton hc tng i cng knh, kh nhn bit
c phng hng gii. Bng cch i bin s, ta c th a bi ton v dng n
gin v d nhn bit hn.
Bi 1: Cho ABC , AB c, BC a, CA b. CMR:
b c ac a ba b c abc (1)
Gii:
10
yz
a 2
b c a x
zx
t: c a b y b
2
a b c z
x y
c 2
Khi bt ng thc (1) tng ng vi bt ng thc sau:

x. y.z
x y yz zx
.
.
2
2
2
Do trong tam gic, tng di ca hai cnh lun ln hn di cnh cn li nn :

x, y, z 0

x y yz zx
.
.
xy . yz zx xyz
2
2
2
b c ac a ba b c abc (pcm)
ne
Hay
u.
lie
a
b
c
3 (1)
bca ca b a bc
Gii:
ai
t:
bo
xt
yz
a 2
b c a x 0
zx
c a b y 0 b
2
a b c z 0
x y
c 2
Khi v tri ca bt ng thc (1) tr thnh:

yz zx x y
2x
2y
2z
Ta c:
y z z x x y 1 y x 1 z

2x
2y
2z
2 x y 2 x
Hay
a
b
c
3
bca ca b a bc
2
2
y x 2
.
x y 2
x 1 z y

z 2 y z
z x 2
.
x z 2
z y
. 3
y z
(pcm)
11

a2
b2
c2
a b c (1)
bc a c a b a bc
Gii:
yz
a 2
b c a x 0
zx
c a b y 0 b
2
a b c z 0
x y
c 2
t:

4y
4z
Ta c:
4y
4z
yz zx
.
x y
zx xy
.
y z
xy yz
.
zx y
z x
ai
a2
b2
c2
a b c (pcm)
bc a c a b a bc
xt
ay
yz zx xy 1 yz zx 1 zx xy 1 xy yz

x
y
z
2 x
y 2 y
z 2 z
x
lie
4x
u.
y z 2 z x 2 x y 2
x yz
ne
4x
y z 2 z x 2 x y 2
bo
1
p a
p b
p c
abc
. CMR:
2
p
p a p b p c
(1)
Gii:
Ta c:
pa
bca
0
2
Tng t:
p b 0
pc 0
t:
p a x 0
p b y 0 p x y z
p c z 0
12
1
1
1
x yz
2 2
2
xyz
x
y
z
Ta c:
1
1
1 1 1
1
2 2 2 2
2
2 x
x
y
z
y
1 1
.
x2 y2
Hay
1 1
1
2 2
z
2 y
p a
1 1
1
1
1 x yz
2
2
xy yz zx
xyz
z x
1 1
.
y2 z2
p b
1 1
1
2 2
x
2 z
p c
p
(pcm)
p a p b p c
a
b
c
3
(1)
bc ca ab 2
ne
u.
lie
t:
yzx
a
2
b c x
zx y
c a y b
2
a b z
x yz
c
2
Gii:
Khi bt ng thc (1) tr thnh:
bo
Ta c:
xt
ai
yzx zx y x yz 1
2x
2y
2z
2
y z x z x y x yz 1 y x 1 z

2x
2y
2z
2 x y 2 x
Hay
2
2
y x 2
.
x y 2
z x 2
.
x z 2
x 1 z y 3

z 2 y z 2
z y 3 3
.
y z 2 2
a
b
c
3
(pcm)
bc ca ab 2
Bi 6: Cho 3 s thc khng m a, b, c tha a c b c 1 . CMR:

1
1
1
4
2
2
a b a c b c 2
(1)
13
Gii:
1
x y
a c x xy 1
1
x
b c y a b x y
a b x y
t:
Khi v tri ca bt ng thc (1) tr thnh:

1
1
1
2 2 4
2
x y x y
Ta c:
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
x2 y 2 2
x2 y2
2
2
2
x 2 xy y
x y x y x y
1
1
x2 y 2 2 2 2 2
. x2 y 2 2 2 4
2
x 2 y
x 2 y2
2
ne
1
1
1
4 (pcm)
2
2
a b a c b c 2
u.
Vy
Tm GTNN ca biu thc:
y 2 z x
ai
x2 y z
y y 2z z
z z 2x x
bo
xt
lie
Bi 7: Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng thay i v tha mn iu kin xyz 1 .
Gii:
z 2 x y
x x 2y y
thi i hc khi A nm 2007
x 2 .2 yz
y y 2z z
2 x x xyz
y y 2z z
2x x
y y 2z z
y 2 .2 zx
z z 2x x
2 y y yzx
z z 2x x
2y y
z z 2x x
z 2 .2 xy
x x 2y y
2 z z zxy
x x 2y y
2z z
x x 2y y
14
x x 2a 4b c
a y y 2 z z
9
t: b z z 2 x x y y a 2b 4c
9
x
x
2
y
y
z z 9 4a b 2c
Khi
A
2 2a 4b c a 2b 4c 4a b 2c
9
a
b
c
2
b a c c a b
6 4
9
a c b a b c
2
b a c
c a b 2
6 4.3.3 . . 3.3 . . 6 12 3 2
9
a c b
a b c 9
Du = xy ra a b c 1
ne
Vy GTNN ca A l 2
3. K thut chn im ri
u.
im ri trong cc bt ng thc l gi tr t c ca bin khi du = trong bt
lie
ng thc xy ra.
Trong cc bt ng thc du = thng xy ra cc trng hp sau:
ai
Cc bin c gi tr bng nhau. Khi ta gi bi ton c cc tr t c ti tm
xt
Khi cc bin c gi tr ti bin. Khi ta gi bi ton c cc tr t c ti bin
bo
Cn c vo iu kin xy ra ca du = trong bt ng thc ta xt cc k thut chn

im ri trong cc trng hp trn
3.1 K thut chn im ri trong bi ton cc tr xy ra bin
Xt cc bi ton sau:
Bi ton 1: Cho s thc a 2 . Tm gi tr nh nht (GTNN) ca A a
1
a
Sai lm thng gp l: A a 2 a.
1
a
1
2 . Vy GTNN ca A l 2.
a
Nguyn nhn sai lm: GTNN ca A l 2 a
1
a 1 v l v theo gi thuyt th
a
a 2.
Li gii ng: A a
1 a 1 3a
a 1 3a
3.2 5

2 .
1
a 4 a 4
4 a 4
4
2
15
Du = xy ra
a 1
hay a 2
4 a
Vy GTNN ca A l
5
.
2
V sao chng ta li bit phn tch c nh li gii trn. y chnh l k thut chn
im ri trong bt ng thc.
Quay li bi ton trn, d thy a cng tng th A cng tng. Ta d on A t GTNN
khi a 2 . Khi ta ni A t GTNN ti im ri a 2 . Ta khng th p dng
bt ng thc Cauchy cho hai s a v
phi tch a hoc
1
v khng tha quy tc du =. V vy ta
a
1
khi p dng bt ng thc Cauchy th tha quy tc du =.
a
a 1
1
, ta c s sau:
a
u.
a 2 th
ne
Gi s ta s dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho cp s , sao cho ti im ri

a
xt
1 a 3a 1

v ta c li gii nh trn.
a 4 4 a
bo
Khi : A a
ai
lie
a 2

2 1
a2
4
2
1 1
a 2
a 1
Lu : gii bi ton trn, ngoi cch chn cp s , ta c th chn cc cc

a
1

1
cp s sau: a, hoc a, hoc a, .
a
a
Bi ton 2: Cho s thc a 2 . Tm gi tr nh nht ca A a
1
a2
S im ri:
a 2

2 1
a2
8
4
1 1
a 2 4
16
Sai lm thng gp l:
A
a 1 7a
a 1 7a
2
2 . 2
8 a
8
8 a
8
1 7a
2a 8
1
7.2 9
. Du = xy ra
2.2
8
4
a 2.
Vy GTNN ca A l
9
4
Nguyn nhn sai lm: Mc d GTNN ca A l
9
l p s ng nhng cch gii
4
trn mc sai lm trong nh gi mu s: a 2

Li gii ng: A
2a
1
l sai.
2.2
a a 1 6a
a a 1 6a 3 6.2 9
2
3.3 . . 2

8 8 a
8
8 8 a
8 4 8
4
9
4
ne
Vy GTNN ca A l
Du = xy ra a 2
1
ab
lie
u.
Bi 1: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca A ab

Phn tch:
1
ab
ab

4
2
Ta c:
bo
S im ri:
xt
ai
1
ab
1
1
1
4
ab
4
4
4
16
1 4
ab
Gii:
Ta c:
1
ab
ab

4
2
1
ab
4
2
A 16ab
1
1
1 17
15ab 2 16ab
15ab 8 15.
ab
ab
4 4
Du = xy ra ab
1
1
ab
4
2
17
Vy GTNN ca A l
17
4
Bi 2: Cho s thc a 6 . Tm GTNN ca A a 2
18
a
Phn tch:
Ta c
A a2
18
9 9
a2
a
a a
D thy a cng tng th A cng tng. Ta d on A t GTNN khi a 6 . Ta c s

im ri:
ne
a 2 36

36 3 24
a 6
2
9 9 3
a 6 2
Gii:
a 2 9 9 23a 2
a 2 9 9 23a 2

33
. .
24 a a
24
24 a a
24
9 23.36

39
2
24
xt
a2 9
a6
24 a
bo
Du = xy ra
ai
lie
Ta c:
u.
Vy GTNN ca A l 39
Bi 3: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a 2b 3c 20 . Tm GTNN ca

A abc
3 9 4
a 2b c
Phn tch:
D on GTNN ca A t c khi a 2b 3c 20 ,ti im ri a 2, b 3, c 4 .
S im ri:
a 2

2 3
4
a2

2
3
3 3
a 2
18
b 3

3 3
b 3
2
2
9 3
2b 2
c 4

4
c4
1 4
4 1
c
Gii:
3a 3 b 9 c 4 a b 3c
A
4 a 2 2b 4 c 4 2 4
3a 3
b 9
c 4 a 2b 3c
. 2 .
2 .
4 a
2 2b
4 c
4
3 3 2 5 13
2
ne
Du = xy ra a 2, b 3, c 4
Vy GTNN ca A l 13
u.
ab 12
. Chng minh rng:
bc 8
lie
Bi 4: Cho3 s thc dng a, b, c tha
1
1
1
8
121

ab bc ca abc 12
xt
Phn tch:
ai
a b c 2
ab 12
,ti im ri a 3, b 4, c 2 .
bc 8
Gii:
bo
D on GTNN ca A t c khi

a
b
2
a b 2
1
33 . .
18 24 ab
18 24 ab 2
a c 2
a c 2

33 . .
1
9 6 ca
9 6 ca
b c 2
b c 2
3

33
. .
16 8 bc
16 8 bc 4
a c b
8
a c b 8
4

44 . . .
9 6 12 abc
9 6 12 abc 3
19
13a 13b
13a 13b
13 13
13
2
.
2
. .12
18
24
18 24
18 24
3
13b 13c
13b 13c
13 13
13
2
.
2
. .8
48 24
48 24
48 24
4
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc trn ta c:
a b c 2
1
1
1
8
121

ab bc ca abc 12
(pcm)
3.2 K thut chn im ri trong bi ton cc tr t c ti tm

Xt bi ton sau:
Bi ton:
Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha a b 1 .. Tm GTNN ca

A ab
1 1
1 1
44 a.b. . 4
a b
a b
ne
Sai lm thng gp l: A a b
1 1
a b
Vy GTNN ca A l 4.
ai
Phn tch:
1 1
a b 1 . Khi
a b
lie
a b 2 1 tri gi thuyt .
u.
Nguyn nhn sai lm: GTNN ca A l 4 a b
xt
Do A l biu thc i xng vi a, b nn ta d on GTNN ca A t ti
bo
ab
1
2
S im ri:
1
a b

1
1
1
2
ab
2
2
2
4
1 1 2
a b
Li gii ng: A 4a 4b
Du = xy ra a b
1 1
1 1
3a 3b 44 4a..4b. . 3a b 8 3 5
a b
a b
1
2
Vy GTNN ca A l 5
20
Bi 1:
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c

A abc
3
. Tm GTNN ca
2
1 1 1

a b c
Phn tch:
Do A l biu thc i xng vi a, b, c nn ta d on GTNN ca A t ti
abc
1
2
S im ri:
1
a b c

1
1
1
2
abc
2
2
2
4
1 1 1 2
a b c
ne
Gii:
u.
1 1 1
A 4a 4b 4c 3a 3b 3c
a b c
xt
ai
lie
1 1 1
66 4a.4b.4c. . . 3a b c
a b c
9 13
12
2 2
bo
Du = xy ra a b c
Vy GTNN ca A l
Bi 2:
1
2
13
2
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c

A a2 b2 c2
3
. Tm GTNN ca
2
1 1 1

a b c
Phn tch:
abc
1
2
S im ri:
21
1
2
a b2 c2
1
1 2
4
abc
8
2
4
1 1 1 2
a b c
Gii:
1
1
1
1
1
1 3
3
3
A a2 b2 c2
8a 8b 8c 8a 8b 8c 4a 4b 4c
1 1 1 1 1 1 31 1 1
. . . . .
8a 8b 8c 8a 8b 8c 4 a b c
9
1
9 9
1
9 9
27
9. 3
.
.2
4
4
abc 4 4 a b c 4 4
3
99 a 2 .b 2 .c 2 .
Du = xy ra a b c
ne
27
4
Vy GTNN ca A l
Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. Tm GTNN ca A
u.
Bi 3:
1
2
ab
ab
ab
lie
Phn tch:
ab
ai

S im ri:
xt
ab
bo
2a 2
ab
ab a
2 1
ab
4
2
ab a 1
a b 2a 2
Gii:
ab
ab 3a b
ab
ab 3.2 ab
3 5
2
.
2 2
4 ab a b
4 ab
4 ab a b 4 ab
Du = xy ra a b
Vy GTNN ca A l
Bi 4:
5
2
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Tm GTNN ca

A
a
b
c
bc ca ab
bc ca ab
a
b
c
Phn tch:
22

abc
S im ri:
b
c
1
a
b c c a a b 2
1 2
abc
4
2
b c c a a b 2
a
b
c
Gii:
b
c
bc ca ab 3bc ca ab
a
A
4a
4b
4c 4 a
b
c
bc ca ab
66
a
b
c bc ca ab 3b c c a a b
.
.
.
.
.

b c c a a b 4a
4b
4c
4a a b b c c
ne
3
b c c a a b
9 15
3 .6.6 . . . . . 3
4
a a b b c c
2 2
Du = xy ra a b c
Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca :
lie
Bi 5:
15
2
u.
Vy GTNN ca A l
ai
xt
Phn tch:
1
1
2
2ab
a b
2
bo

ab
1
2
S im ri:
1
a 2 b 2 2
1
ab
2 2 1
2
2ab
Gii:
A
1
1
2
2
2ab
a b
2
1
1
4
2. 2
4
2
2
a b 2ab
a b 2ab a b 2
2
a 2 b 2 2ab
Du = xy ra
a b 1
ab
1
2
23
Vy GTNN ca A l 4
Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca
Bi 6:
1
1 a b
2
1
2ab
Phn tch:
ab
1
2
S im ri:
ne
1
2
2
2
1
2 2
1 a b
3
ab
3
2
3
1 2
2ab
Gii:
1
1
6ab 3ab
1
1
2
1 a b 6ab 3ab
1
1
4
1
2
2
1 a b 6ab 3ab a b 1 4ab 3ab
2
2
bo
xt
2.
u.
1 a b
2
lie
ai
a b2 1 4 a b
1
ab
3
Do ab a b
2a b 1 3a b
2
4
4 8
2.1 1 3.1 3
1 a 2 b 2 6ab
1
Du = xy ra a b
ab
2
a b 1
Vy GTNN ca A l
8
3
24
Bi 7:
1
1
4ab
2
a b
ab
2
Phn tch:
ab
1
2
S im ri:
1
a 2 b 2 2
1
4
ab
2 2
2
1 4
ab
u.
ne
4ab 1
1
4
ab 1
4 1 4
ab
Gii:
lie
1
1
1
1
4ab
2
2ab
4ab 4ab
a b
1
1
1
2
2 4ab.
2
2
4ab 4ab
a b 2ab
a b 2ab
2
2
bo
2.
ai
xt
1
4
1
2
2
4ab a b
4ab
4
1
2
2
2
a b
ab
4
a b 2
Do ab a b
5
27
1
a 2 b 2 2ab
4ab 1
1
Du = xy ra
ab
4ab
2
a b
a b 1
Vy GTNN ca A l 7
25
Bi 8:
1
1
1
2 2
3
a b
a b ab
3
Phn tch:
ab
1
2
S im ri:
ne
1
a 3 b 3 2
1
4
ab
2 2
2
1 1 4
a 2 b ab 2
Gii:
u.
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
a b
2a b 2ab
2a b 2ab 2
1
1
1
1
1
55 3 3 . 2 .
. 2 .
2
a b 2a b 2ab 2a b 2ab 2
1
5 3 3
2
a b 2a b 2ab 2 2a 2b 2ab 2
5
3
25
a b ab(a b)
bo
xt
ai
lie
Do ab a b
25
3
a b 3 (a b)
4
25
20
1
1
4
1
1
1
a 3 b 3 2a 2 b 2ab 2
1
ab
Du = xy ra a b
2
a b 1
Vy GTNN ca A l 20
26
Bi 9:
Cho ba s thc dng x, y, z tha

P
1 1 1
4 . Tm GTLN ca
x y z
1
1
1
2x y z x 2 y z x y 2z
thi i hc khi A nm 2005

Gii:
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 . . .
2 x y z x x y z 44 x.x. y.z 4 x x y z 16 x x y z
Tng t:
1
1 1 1 1 1

x 2 y z 16 x y y z
Du = xy ra
lie
1
1
1
1 4 4 4
1
2 x y z x 2 y z x y 2 z 16 x y z
1 1 1 4
3
xyz
x y z 3
4
xt
Vy GTLN ca P l 1
ai
u.
Cng theo v 3 bt ng thc trn, ta c:
ne
1
1 1 1 1 1

x y 2 z 16 x y z z
bo
4. K thut nhn thm h s
Bi 1: Tm GTLN ca : A a 2 1-a , a 0,1

Gii:
Do a, 1-a 0 nn p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
1
1
1 a a 2-2a
1 8
A a 2 2-2a a.a2-2a
.
2
2
2
3
2 27
4
A
27
3
Du = xy ra a 2 2a
Vy GTLN ca A l
2
3
4
27
27
Bi 2: Tm GTLN ca : A a 3 2-a , a 0,2

Gii:
1
1 a a a 6 3a
27
A a.a.a.6 3a

3
3
4
16
Du = xy ra a 6 3a
Vy GTLN ca A l
3
2
27
16
a 3
. Tm GTLN ca
b 4
Bi 3: Cho cc s thc dng a, b tha
ne
A 3 a 4 b2a 3b
1 6 2a 12 3b 2a 3b
36
6
3
lie
1
A 6 2a 12 3b 2a 3b
6
u.
Gii:
a 0
b 2
xt
ai
Du = xy ra 6 2a 12 3b 2a 3b 6
bo
Vy GTLN ca A l 36
a 2
Bi 4: Cho cc s thc a, b, c tha b 6 . Tm GTLN ca:

c 12
bc a 2 ca 3 b 6 ab4 c 12
A
abc
Gii:
bc a 2
bc
a 2.2
bc
a 2 2
abc
2
2 2
b 6.3.3 3 . b 6 3 3 abc
ca 3 b 6 3
3
9
9
33 9
ab 4
abc
c 12.4.4.4 4 ab . c 12 4 4 4 abc
ab 4 c 12 4
4
64
64
44 64 8 2
2
ca 3
2
ca
Khi ta c:
28
bc a 2 ca 3 b 6 ab4 c 12
1
1
1
5
1
3
abc
2 2 3 9 8 2 8 2 3 9
a 2 2
a 4
Du = xy ra b 6 3 b 9
c 12 4
c 16
Vy GTLN ca A l
5
8 2
1
33 9
Bi 5: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 1 . Tm GTLN ca:

A ab bc ca
Phn tch:
u.
ne
a b 3
1
2
a b c b c
3
3
c a 3
lie
Gii:
3
2
a b . 2
3
.
2
a b 2
xt
ab
ai
bo
3
2
b c
3
3
bc
.
2
2
2
c a
3
3
ca
.
2
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc (1), (2) v (3) ta c:

A ab bc ca
3
.
2
2a b c 3.
2
2
3 6
a b 3
2
1
Du = xy ra b c a b c
3
3
c a 3
29
Vy GTLN ca A l
Lu : Trong bi ton s dng k thut nhn thm h s, ta s s dng k thut chn

im ri tm h s cho ph hp.
Bi 6: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 3 . Chng minh rng:
3
a 2b 3 b 2c 3 c 2a 33 3
Phn tch:
Do biu thc cho l biu thc i xng vi a, b, c nn ta d on du = xy ra
khi:
ne
a 2b 3
a b c 1 b 2c 3
c 2a 3
c 2a
a 2b .3.3 3 1 a 2b 3 3 6 a3 2b
lie
9
6 b 2c
33 9
6 c 2a
33 9
3 9
(1)
(2)
bo
b 2c
1
3
ai
a 2b
xt
u.
Gii:
(3)

3
a 2b 3 b 2c 3 c 2a
18 3a b c
3
3 9
33 3 (pcm)
Bi 7: Cho a, b, c 2;2 tha a b c 3 . Chng minh rng:

4 a2 4 b2 4 c2 3 3
Phn tch:
Do biu thc cho l biu thc i xng vi a, b, c nn ta d on du = xy ra
khi:
4 a 2 3
a b c 1 4 b 2 3
4 c 2 3
Gii:
30

4 a2
4 b2
4 c2
4 a 3
3
7 b2
2 3
7 c2
2 3
1
3
4 a 3 7 a
2
2 3
(1)
(2)
(3)

4 a2 4 b2 4 c2
21 a 2 b 2 c 2
2 3
M theo bt ng thc Bunyakovski ta c
a b c 2 1 1 1a 2 b 2 c 2
a b c 2
a2 b2 c2
5. K thut h bc
ne
3
2 3
3 3 (pcm)
ai
5.1 Bi ton 1
a b c 2
u.
4 a2 4 b2 4 c2
21
lie
nn
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha mn iu kin a b c 1 (*). Tm gi tr
xt
nh nht ca biu thc A a 2 b2 c2
bo
Phn tch: S chnh lch v s m ca cc biu thc a 2 b2 c 2 v a b c gi

cho ta s dng bt ng thc Cauchy h bc a 2 b2 c 2 . Nhng ta cn p dng
cho bao nhiu s v l nhng s no? Cn c vo bc ca cc bin s a, b, c trong
cc biu thc trn (s bc gim 2 ln) th ta cn p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ln
lt cho a 2 , b 2 v c 2 cng vi 1 hng s dng tng ng khc lm xut hin
a, b v c . Do a, b, c dng v c vai tr nh nhau nn ta d on A t gi tr nh
1
3
nht khi a b c , t (*) ta c a b c . Mt khc th du = ca bt ng thc

Cauchy xy ra khi ch khi cc s tham gia bng nhau. Khi ta c li gii nh sau:
Li gii:
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 2 s: a 2 v
1
ta c:
9
31
a2
1
1 2
1
1
2 a 2 . a (1) Du = xy ra a 2 a
9
9 3
9
3
Tng t:
b2
1 2
b
9 3
(2) Du = xy ra b
1
3
c2
1 2
c
9 3
(3) Du = xy ra c
1
3

a2 b2 c2
1 2
2
1
a b c a 2 b 2 c 2 .
3 3
3
3
Du = xy ra a b c
1
3
Vy GTNN ca A l
1
3
ne
Bi 1: Cho cc s thc dng a, b tha mn iu kin a 3 b 3 1 (*). Tm gi tr ln
u.
nht ca biu thc A a b
lie
Phn tch: Cn c vo bc ca cc bin s a, b trong cc biu thc trn (s bc

gim 6 ln) th ta cn p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ln lt cho a 3 v b 3 cng vi
ai
5 hng s dng tng ng khc lm xut hin
a v
b . Do a, b dng v c
1
. Mt khc th du = ca bt ng thc Cauchy xy ra khi ch khi cc
2
bo
a3 b3
xt
vai tr nh nhau nn ta d on A t gi tr ln nht khi a b , t (*) ta c
s tham gia bng nhau. Khi ta c li gii nh sau:

Gii:
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 6 s: a 3 v 5 s
1
ta c:
2
1
1
1
1
1
a 5. 6.6 a 3 . 6.
. a (1) Du = xy ra a 3 a 3
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
3
Tng t:
5
1
1
1
1
b 3 5. 6.6 b 3 . 6.
. b (2) Du = xy ra b 3
6
5
2
2
2
2
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc (1) v (2) ta c:

a 3 b 3 5 6.
1
6
a b 1 5 6.
1
6
a b a b 6 25
32
Du = xy ra a b
1
3
Vy gi tr ln nht ca A l
Bi 2:
25
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha ab bc ca 3 . CMR: a 3 b 3 c 3 3
Gii:
a 3 b 3 1 33 a 3b 3 3ab (1) ; b 3 c 3 1 3bc (2) ; c 3 a 3 1 3ca (3)
2 a 3 b 3 c 3 3 3ab bc ca
2 a 3 b 3 c 3 3 3.3
a3 b3 c3 3 (pcm)
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a3 b3 c3 3 . CMR: a 5 b 5 c 5 3
ne
Bi3:
Gii:
u.
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 5 s: 3 s a 5 v 2 s 1, ta c:
lie
3a 5 2 55 a151.1 5a 3 (1)
Tng t:
3c 5 2 5c 3 (3)
ai
3b 5 2 5b 3 (2) ;
xt
3 a5 b5 c5 6 5 a3 b3 c3
bo
3 a 5 b 5 c 5 6 5.3
a5 b5 c5 3 (pcm)
Bi 4: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a 3b 3 b 3c 3 c 3 a 3 3 . CMR:

a 7 b7 c7 3
Gii:
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 7 s: 3 s a 7 , 3 s b 7 v s 1, ta c:
3a 7 3b 7 1 77 a 21.b 211 7a 3b 3 (1)
Tng t:
3b 7 3c 7 1 7b 3 c 3 (2) ;
3c 7 3a 7 1 7c 3 a 3 (3)
6 a 7 b 7 c 7 3 7 a 3b 3 b 3 c 3 c 3 a 3
6 a 7 b 7 c 7 3 7.3
33
a 7 b 7 c 7 3 (pcm)
Bi 5:
Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. CMR: a 2 b 2 4 2a 2b ab
Gii:
a 2 4 2 a 2 .4 4a (1);
b 2 4 4b (2) ; a 2 b 2 2ab (3)

2a 2 2b 2 8 4a 4b 2ab
a 2 b 2 4 2a 2b ab (pcm)
Bi 6:
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. CMR: a 3 b 3 c 3 a 2 bc b 2 ca c 2 ab
Gii:
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 6 s: 4 s a 3 ,1 s b 3 v 1 s c 3 ta c:
ne
4a 3 b 3 c 3 66 a12 .b 3 .c 3 6a 2 bc (1)
Tng t:
4c 3 a 3 b 3 6c 2 ab (3)
u.
4b 3 c 3 a 3 6b 2 ca (2) ;
lie
ai
6 a 3 b 3 c 3 6 a 2 bc b 2 ca c 2 ab
Bi 7:
xt
a 3 b 3 c 3 a 2 bc b 2 ca c 2 ab (pcm)
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c, m, n. CMR:
Gii:
bo
a m n b m n c m n a m b n b m c n c m a n
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho m+n s: m s a m n v n s b m n ta c:
ma m n nb m n m n.m n a m n
b m n.a
m
m n n
b n (1)
Tng t:
mbmn nc mn m n.b m c n (2)
mc mn na mn m n.c m a n (3)
m na mn b mn c mn m na mb n b m c n c m a n
a mn b mn c mn a m b n b m c n c m a n (pcm)
Lu : Bt ng thc chng ta va chng minh s c s dng trong chng minh

cc bi ton sau ny.
34
Bi 8:
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha abc 1 . Chng minh bt ng thc sau:

1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
a b 1 b c 1 c a3 1
3
Gii:
T kt qu bi 7 ta c a mn b mn c mn a m b n b m c n c m a n
m 2
Chn n 1 ta c:
c a
a 3 b 3 a 3 a 2b b 2 a a 2 a a 2b b 2 a a 3
a 3 b3 a 2b b 2 a
1
1
abc
c
do abc 1
2
2
3
2
2
a b 1 a b b a 1 a b b a abc a b c
3
(1)
ne
Tng t:
1
a
(2)
3
b c 1 a b c
u.
lie
1
b
(3)
3
c a 1 a b c
3
ai
bo
5.2 Bi ton 2
xt
1
1
1
abc
3
3
1 (pcm)
3
3
3
a b 1 b c 1 c a 1 a b c
3
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha mn iu kin ab bc ca 1 . Chng minh

rng: 10a 2 10b 2 c 2 4
Gii:
8a 2
c2
c2
2 8a 2 .
4ac
2
2
8b 2
c2
c2
2 8b 2 .
4bc
2
2
2a 2 2b 2 2 2a 2 .2b 2 4ab

10a 2 10b 2 c 2 4ab bc ca 4.1 4
35
2 c2
8a
2
1
ab
2
3
Du = xy ra 8b 2
c 4
2
2
2a 2b
3
y l mt li gii ngn gn nhng c v hi thiu t nhin. Chng ta s thc mc ti

sao li tch c 10 8 2 . Nu tch cch khc, chng hn 10 6 4 liu c gii
c khng? Tt nhin mi cch tch khc u khng dn n kt qu, v tch
10 8 2 cng khng phi l s may mn. By gi ta s tm l do vic tch 10 8 2
bi ton trn.
Vi 0 10 . p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
ne
c2
c2
2 a 2 .
2 ac
2
2
a 2
c
c2
b
2 b 2 .
2 bc
2
2
u.
lie
10 a 2 10 b 2 2 10 a 2 10 b 2 20 2 ab
ai
10a 2 10b 2 c 2 2 ac bc 20 2 ab
xt
Lc ny ta cn bng iu kin gi thuyt, tc l:
bo
8
2 20 2 2 400 80 4 2 2 2 41 200 0
25 10
2
Khi ta c li gii bi ton nh trn.

Bi 1:
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha mn iu kin ab bc ca 5 . CMR: :

3a 2 3b 2 c 2 10
Gii:
2
c2
2 c
2a
2 2a .
2ac
2
2
2
2b 2
c2
c2
2 2b 2 .
2bc
2
2
36
a 2 b 2 2 a 2 .b 2 2ab

3a 2 3b 2 c 2 2ab bc ca 2.5 10
5.3 Bi ton 3
Cho cc s thc dng a, b tha mn iu kin a 3 b 3 1 . Tm gi tr ln nht
ca biu thc A a 4b
Phn tch:
D on A t GTLN khi a 3 b 3 1
a
. Ta c 3 3 1 (1)
b
Gi s A t GTLN khi
3 2 a
3 2 b
ne
a 3 2 3 3.3 a 3 . 3
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 3 s: a 3 v 2 s 3 ta c:
b 3 2 3 33 b 3 . 3
u.
Tng t:
b 3 2 3 3 3 2 a 3 2 b
ai
lie
3 2 a : 3 2 b a : 4b
2 1
1

2
4
2
bo
xt
xut hin v phi a 4b ta chn , sao cho
3
1
3
T (1) v (2) ta c h: 2
3
3 3 1 2 3
Khi ta c li gii sau:

Gii:
a3
1 1
1 1
1
3.3 a 3 . . 3 a
9 9
9 9
3
b3
8 8
4
3 b
9 9
3
37
b3 2
1
3
a 4b
a 4b 3 3 a 3 b 3 2 33 3
3
3
3 1
a
9
3
Du = xy ra khi
3
b 3 8
b 2 3
9
3
Vy GTLN ca A l 33 3
Bi 1: Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha mn iu kin a b c 3 . Tm GTNN

ca
A 4a 2 6b 2 3c 2
Phn tch:
ne
Vi , , 0 . p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
u.
4a 2 2 4a 2 . 2 4 a
ai
3c 2 2 3c 2 . 2 3 c
lie
6b 2 2 6b 2 . 2 6 b
xt

4a 2 6b 2 3c 2 2 4 a 2 6 b 2 3 c
bo
a b c 3
a
a
2
4
4 a
3
Du = xy ra 2
4
6
3
6b
b
6
3c 2
c
3
Chn , , sao cho 4 6 3

Ta c h phng trnh:
6
3
4
4 6 3
38
4
6
3
4
4
1 1 2

3 3
6
4
6.6
3.3
2 3 3
3
4
16
Khi ta c li gii bi ton nh sau

Gii:
16
16
2 3c 2 . 8c
3
3
ne
3c 2
u.
8
6
2 8b 2 . 8b
3
3
lie
6b 2
4a 2 4 2 4a 2 .4 8a
xt
ai
8 16
4a 2 6b 2 3c 2 4
8a b c 24
3 3
4a 2 6b 2 3c 2 12
bo
a b c 3
2
a 1
4 a 4
2
2 8
Du = xy ra 6b
b
3
3
4
2 16
3c
c 3
3
Vy GTNN ca A l 12
6. K thut cng thm

Bi 1:
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh bt ng thc sau:

a b
c 1 1 1
2 2
2
b
c
a
a b c
Gii:
39
a 1
a 1 2
2 2 . (1) ;
2
b
a
b a b
b 1 2

c2 b c
c 1 2
(3)
a2 c a
(2);

a
b
c 1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2
2
a b c a b c
b
c
a
a b
c 1 1 1
2 2 (pcm)
2
b c
a
a b c
Bi 2: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh bt ng thc sau:

a2
b2
c2
abc
2b c 2c a 2a b
3
Gii:
ne
a2
2b c
a 2 2b c 2a
2
.
(1) ;
2b c
9
2b c 9
3
c2
2a b 2c
(3)
2a b
9
3
u.
b2
2c a 2b
(2) ;
2c a
9
3
lie
a2
b2
c2
abc
(pcm)
2b c 2c a 2a b
3
xt
ai
a2
b2
c2
3a b c 2a b c
2b c 2c a 2a b
9
3
bo
Lu : Trong bi ton s dng k thut cng thm h s, ta s s dng k thut chn

im ri v k thut h bc tm hng t cho ph hp.
V d:
i vi bi 1 bt ng thc cho c tnh i xng vi a, b, c nn ta d on
du = xy ra khi a b c . Khi
a
a
1
1
.
2 , ta chn
2
a
a
b
a
i vi bi 2 bt ng thc cho c tnh i xng vi a, b, c nn ta d on

du = xy ra khi a b c . Khi
a2
a2
a
, mun s dng bt ng
2b c 2a a 3
thc Cauchy lm mt mu th ta cng thm
2b c
. Chn mu l s 9 v
9
2b c 2a a a
.
9
9
3
40

a 3 b3 b3 c 3 c 3 a 3
2a b c
ab
bc
ca
Gii:
Ta c:
a 3 b3 b3 c3 c3 a3 a 2 b 2 b 2 c 2 c 2 a 2
ab
bc
ca
b
a
c
b
a
c

a2
a2
b2
b2
b 2
.b 2a (1);
c 2b (3) ;
a 2b (2) ;
b
b
c
a
c2
a2
a 2c (5) ;
c 2a (6)
a
c
c2
b 2c (4) ;
b
ne
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc t (1) n (6) ta c:
ai
a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 a3
2a b c (pcm)
ab
bc
ca
bo
Bi 4:
xt
lie
u.
a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a2
2a b c 4a b c
b
a
c
b
a
c
a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a2
2a b c
b
a
c
b
a
c
a2 b2 c2 1 1 1

b3 c3 a3 a b c
Gii:
a2 1 1
a2 1 1 3
b2 1 1 3
3
3
.
.

(1)
;
(2);
b3 a a
b3 a a b
c3 b b c
c2 1 1 3
(3)
a3 c c a

a2 b2 c2
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 2 3
3
b
c
a
a b c a b c
a2 b2 c2 1 1 1
(pcm)
b3 c3 a3 a b c
41
Bi 5:

a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
b
c
a
Gii:
a3 a3
a3 a3 2
2
3
b 3
. .b 3a 2 (1) ;
b
b
b b
b3 b3
c 2 3b 2 (2) ;
c
c
c3 c3
a 2 3c 2 (3)
a
a
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc t (1), (2) v (3) ta c:
a3 b3 c3
a 2 b 2 c 2 (pcm)
b
c
a
u.
ne
a3 b3 c3
2
a 2 b 2 c 2 3 a 2 b 2 c 2
b
c
a
lie
Bi 6: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha abc 1 . Chng minh bt ng thc sau:
ai
a3
b3
c3
3
1 b1 c 1 c 1 a 1 a 1 b 4
xt
Gii:
bo
a3
1 b 1 c
a3
1 b 1 c 3
33
.
.
a (1) ;
1 b1 c 8
1 b1 c 8 8 4
8
b3
1 c 1 a 3
b (2) ;
1 c 1 a 8
8
4
c3
1 a 1 b 3
c (3)
1 a 1 b 8
8
4

a3
b3
c3
1
3 3
a b c a b c
1 b 1 c 1 c 1 a 1 a 1 b 4
4 4
a3
b3
c3
1
3 3
3 3
a b c 3 abc
1 b 1 c 1 c 1 a 1 a 1 b 2
4 2
4 4
(pcm)
42
Bi 7:

a4
b4
c4
abc
bc 2 ca 2 ab 2
Gii:
a4
a4
4
bcc 4
.b.c.c 4a (1)
bc 2
bc 2
b4
c a a 4b (2)
ca 2
c4
a b b 4c (3)
ab 2
a4
b4
c4
a b c (pcm)
bc 2 ca 2 ab 2
ne
lie
u.
a4
b4
c4
3a b c 4a b c
bc 2 ca 2 ab 2
xt
bo
Gii:
ai
ab
bc
ca
1 1 1 1
2
2

c a b a b c b c a 2 a b c
2

ab
ab
ab
ab 1
2 2
.
(1)
c
c a b 4ab
c a b 4ab
2
bc
bc 1
a b c 4bc a
2
(2) ;
ca
ca 1
b c a 4ca b
2
(3)

ab
bc
ca
ab bc ca 1 1 1
2
2

4bc
4ca a b c
c a b a b c b c a 4ab
ab
bc
ca
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
2
2
2

c a b a b c b c a 4b 4a 4c 4b 4a 4c a b c
ab
bc
ca
1 1 1 1
2
2
2
(pcm)
c a b a b c b c a 2 a b c
2
43
Bi 9: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a 2 b2 c 2 3 . Chng minh rng:

a3
b3
c3
3
bc ca ab 2
Gii:
a3
ab c
a 3 ab c
2
.
a 2 (1) ;
bc
4
bc
4
b3
bc a
b2
ca
4
(2) ;
c3
c a b 2
c (3)
a b
4
a3
b3
c3
ab bc ca
a 2 b 2 c 2 (1' )
bc ca ab
2
ne
Mt khc ta c: a mn b mn c mn a m b n b m c n c m a n
m 1
ta c:
n 1
a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca
2
2
(2' )
ai
lie
u.
Chn
a3
b3
c3
ab bc ca a 2 b 2 c 2
ab bc ca
a2 b2 c2
bc ca ab
2
2
2
bo
xt
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc (1)v (2) ta c:
a3
b3
c3
a 2 b2 c2 3
(pcm)
bc ca ab
2
2

a5 b5 c5
2 2 a3 b3 c3
2
b
c
a
Gii:
a5
a5
2
ab
2
.ab 2 2a 3 (1) ;
b2
b2
b5
bc 2 2b 3 (2) ;
2
c
c5
ca 2 2c 3 (3)
2
a
44
a 5 b5 c5
ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 2 a 3 b 3 c 3 (1' )
b2 c2 a2
m 1
ta c:
n 2
Chn
a 3 b 3 c 3 ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 (2' )
a5 b5 c5
2 2 ab 2 bc 2 ca 2 a 3 b 3 c 3 2 a 3 b 3 c 3 ab 2 bc 2 ca 2
2
b
c
a
a5 b5 c5
a 3 b 3 c 3 (pcm)
b2 c2 a2
ne
a3
b3
c3
1
a2 b2 c2
a 2b b 2c c 2a 3
u.
Gii:
ai
lie
a3
aa 2b
a 3 aa 2b 2 2
2
.
a (1) ;
a 2b
9
a 2b
9
3
c3
cc 2b 2 2
c (3)
c 2b
9
3
xt
b3
bb 2c 2 2
b (2) ;
b 2c
9
3
bo

a3
b3
c3
1
2
2
a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca a 2 b 2 c 2
a 2b b 2c c 2a 9
9
3
3
3
3
a
b
c
2
5
ab bc ca a 2 b 2 c 2 (1' )
a 2b b 2c c 2a 9
9
m 1
ta c:
n 1
Chn
2 2
a b2 c2
9
92 ab bc ca (2' )
a3
b3
c3
2
2
5
2
ab bc ca a 2 b 2 c 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca
a 2b b 2c c 2a 9
9
9
9
45
a3
b3
c3
1
a 2 b 2 c 2 (pcm)
a 2b b 2c c 2a 3

bc ca ab 2 2 2
2 2
a b c
a2
b
c
Gii:
bc
4
bc 4
4
2
.
2
2
bc
a
a bc a
ca
4
4
2
ca b
b
(1) ;
ab
4
4
2
ab c
c
(2) ;
(3)

(1' )
ne
bc ca ab
4
4
4
4 4 4
2 2

2
ab bc ca a b c
a
b
c
1 1
4

c a ca
(3' ) ;
(4' )
ai
1 1
4

b c bc
lie
1 1
1 1
4
4
2 .
(2' ) ;
a b
a b 2 ab a b
u.
M ta c:
xt
Cng theo v cc bt ng thc (1), (2), (3) v (4) ta c:
bo
bc ca ab
4
4
4
2 2 2 4 4 4
4
4
4
2 2
2
ab bc ca a b c a b c ab bc ca
a
b
c
bc ca ab 2 2 2
2 2 2 (pcm)
a b c
a
b
c

a 2 b 2 4c 2
a 3b
b
c
a
Du = ca bt ng thc xy ra khi a b 2c
Gii:
a2
a2
b 2
.b 2a (1);
b
b
b2
4c 4b (2) ;
c
4c 2
a 4c (3)
a
46
a 2 b 2 4c 2
a b 4c 2a 4b 4c
b
c
a
a 2 b 2 4c 2
a 3b (pcm)
b
c
a

a2
b2
16c 2 1
64c a b
bc ca ab 9
Du = ca bt ng thc xy ra khi a b 2c
Gii:
b2
4c a 4b
(2) ;
ca
9
3
16c 2
a b 8c
ab
(3)
a2
4b c 4a
(1);
bc
9
3
ne
a2
b2
16c 2 1
64c a b (pcm)
bc ca ab 9
lie
u.
a2
b2
16c 2 13
8
4
a b c a b 8c
bc ca ab 9
9
3
Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c c tng tha iu kin : a b c 3 . Chng
bo
Bi ton:
xt
Xt bi ton sau:
ai
7. K thut Cauchy ngc du
minh bt ng thc sau:
1
1
1
3
2
2
a 1 b 1 c 1 2
2
Phn tch v gii:

Ta khng th dng trc tip bt ng thc Cauchy vi mu v bt ng thc sau s
i chiu:
1
1
1
1
1
1 3
2
2
a 1 b 1 c 1 2a 2b 2c 2
2
Do
1
1
1
1 1 1
3 1
3
1
3
3
3
. .
2a 2b 2c
2a 2b 2c 2 3 abc 2 a b c 2
n y chng ta s b lng tng trong cch gii. y ta s s dng li bt ng

thc Cauchy theo cch khc:
47
1
a2
a2
a
1
(1)
2
2
2a
2
a 1
a 1
Tng t ta c:
1
b
1
(2) ;
2
b 1
1
c
1
2
c 1
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

1
1
1
abc 3
2
2
3
2
2
a 1 b 1 c 1
(pcm)
Nhn xt: K thut Cauchy ngc du c th hiu l ta ly nghch o hai v ca

bt ng thc Cauchy sau nhn hai v vi -1. Khi du ca bt ng thc ban
u s khng i chiu.
Bi 1: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c c tng tha iu kin : a b c 3 .
Chng minh bt ng thc sau:
ne
1
1
1
3
1 ab 1 bc 1 ca 2
Gii:
u.
Ta c:
lie
1
ab
ab
ab
1
1
1
(1)
1 ab
1 ab
2
2 ab
ai
1
bc
1
1 bc
2
xt
Tng t ta c:
(2) ;
1
ca
1
1 ca
2
(3)
bo
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
1
1
1
1
3
ab bc ca
1 ab 1 bc 1 ca
2
1ab bc ca
abc
3 3
3
3
3
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
(pcm)
a
b
c
3
2
2
b 1 c 1 a 1 2
2
Gii:
Ta c:
a
ab 2
ab 2
ab
a
(1)
2
2
2b
2
b 1
b 1
48
Tng t ta c:
b
bc
b
2
c 1
2
c
ca
c
2
a 1
(2) ;
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a
b
d
ab bc ca
2
2
abc
2
b 1 c 1 d 1
2
(1' )
Mt khc ta c:
a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a2
2
a 2 b 2 c 2 a b c - 2ab bc ca
2
2
2
2
a b c 3
ab bc ca
(2' )
3
ab bc ca
T (1) v (2) ta c:
a
b
c
3 3
2
2
3
2 2
b 1 c 1 a 1
(pcm)
3 trong chng minh cc
a b c
Lu : Ta s s dng kt qu ab bc ca
ne
u.
bi ton khc.
lie
ai
a 1 b 1
c 1
2
2
3
2
b 1 c 1 a 1
bo
Ta c:
xt
Gii:
a 1b 2 a 1 a 1b 2 a 1 ab b (1)
a 1
2b
2
b2 1
b2 1
Tng t ta c:
b 1
bc c
b 1
2
2
c 1
(2) ;
c 1
ca a
c 1
2
2
a 1
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a 1 b 1
c 1
a b c ab bc ca
2
2
a b c 3
2
2
b 1 c 1 a 1
abc
ab bc ca
3
2
2
2
a b c
3
3
3
3
3 3- 3
2
2
2
2
Vy
49
a 1 b 1
c 1
2
2
3
2
b 1 c 1 a 1
Bi 4: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c . Chng minh bt ng thc sau:

a3
b3
c3
abc
2
2
2
2
2
2
a b
b c
c a
2
Gii:
Ta c:
a3
ab 2
ab 2
b
a
(1)
2
2
2
2
2ab
2
a b
a b
Tng t ta c:
b3
c
c3
a
;
(2)
c
2
2
2
2
2
2
b c
c a
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
ne
a3
b3
c3
abc abc
2
2
abc
2
2
2
2
2
2
a b
b c
c a
u.
(pcm)
lie
ai
a
b
c
2
2
2
b c 1 c a 1 a b 1
xt
bo
Gii:
Ta c:
b aac
a
ab 2 c
ab 2 c
ab c
ba ac
a 2
a
a
a
a
2
2
2
4
b c 1
b c 1
2b c
a
1
2
a ab abc
(1)
4
b c 1
Tng t ta c:
b
1
b bc abc (2) ;
4
c a 1
2
c
1
c ca abc
4
a b 1
2
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a
b
c
ab bc ca abc
ab bc ca abc
2
2
abc
3
(1)
4
4
4
4
b c 1 c a 1 a b 1
2
Mt khc ta c:
2
a b c
3
ab bc ca
3 ab bc ca
(2)
4
4
50
1 abc
(3)
4
4
3 a b c 33 abc
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a
b
c
3 1
2
2
3
b c 1 c a 1 a b 1 4 4
2
a
b
c
2
2
2
b c 1 c a 1 a b 1
(pcm)
Bi 6: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c c tng tha iu kin ab bc ca 3 . Chng

minh bt ng thc sau:
a
2b 1
3
b
2c 1
3
c
2a 1
3
Gii:
2ab 3
ab 3
2ab
a
(1)
3
3
2
3
b b 1
3b
b
Tng t ta c:
2c 1
3
u.
2b 3 1
2bc
3
(2) ;
2a 1
lie
ne
Ta c:
2ca
3
(3)
2b 1
2c 1
3
2a 1
3
abc
2ab bc ca
abc2
3
(1' )
bo
Mt khc ta c:
xt
a
3
ai
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
a b c 2 ab bc ca
3
a b c 3ab bc ca 3 (2' )
Cng theo v (1) v (2) ta c:

a
2b 1
3
b
2c 1
a
2b 1
3
c
2a 1
b
2c 1
3
a b c a b c 1
c
2a 1
3
1 (pcm)
Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c . Chng minh rng:

a3
b3
c3
abc
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
a ab b
b bc c
c ca a
Gii:
Ta c:
51
a3
a 2 b ab 2
aba b
a b 2a b
a
a
(1)
2
2
2
2
3ab
3
3
a ab b
a ab b
Tng t ta c:
b3
2b c
2
2
3
b bc c
c3
2c a
2
2
3
c ca a
(2) ;
(3)
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a3
b3
c3
abc
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
a ab b
b bc c
c ca a
(pcm)
Bi 8: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c c tng tha iu kin a b c 3 .

a2
b2
c2
1
a 2b 2 b 2c 2 c 2a 2
Gii:
ne
Ta c:
u.
a2
2ab 2
2ab 2
2
2
a 3 ab (1)
2
2
2
3
a 2b
ab b
33 ab 4
c2
2
2
(2) ;
c 3 ca
2
3
c 2a
ai
b2
2
2
b 3 bc
2
3
b 2c
lie
Tng t ta c:
(3)
xt
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
bo
a2
b2
c2
2
2
2
2
a b c 3 ab 3 bc 3 ca
2
2
2
3
a 2b
b 2c
c 2a
2
2
2
2
3 3 ab 3 bc 3 ca
(*)
Mt khc ta c:
3
ab2
3 a.ab.b
a ab b
(1)
3
Tng t:
3
bc 2
b bc c
3
(2) ;
ca 2
c ca a
(3)
3
Cng theo v (1), (2) v (3) ta c

3
ab 2 3 bc 2 3 ca 2
2
a b c 1 ab bc ca
3
3
2
2
1 a b c
2
1 32
a b c .
.3 . 3
3
3
3
3
3 3
52
2
2
2
2
2
3 ab 3 bc 3 ca .3 -2 (**)
3
3
T (*) v (**) ta c:
a2
b2
c2
3 2 1
a 2b 2 b 2c 2 c 2a 2
(pcm)
Bi 9: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha iu kin a b c 3 . Chng minh bt

ng thc sau:
a2
b2
c2
1
a 2b 3 b 2c 3 c 2a 3
Gii:
Ta c:
a2
2ab 3
2ab3
2
a
a
a b3 a 2 (1)
3
3
3
3
6
a 2b
ab b
3
3 ab
c2
2
c a3 c 2
3
c 2a
3
(2) ;
lie
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
(3)
u.
b2
2
b c3 b 2
3
3
b 2c
ne
Tng t ta c:
bo
Mt khc ta c:
xt
ai
a2
b2
c2
2
a b c b3 a 2 c 3 b 2 a 3 c 2
3
3
3
3
a 2b
b 2c
c 2a
2
3 b3 a 2 c 3 b 2 a 3 c 2
(*)
3
a a 1
2a 1 2ab b
b3 a 2 b3 a.a.1 b
b
3
3
(1' )
Tng t ta c:
c3 b 2
2bc c
3
(2' ) ;
a3 c 2
2ca a
3
(3' )
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:
abc 2
ab bc ca
3
3
2
a b c 2 a b c
.
3
3
3
3
a 2 c3 b 2 a3 c 2
T (*) v (**) ta c:
a2
b2
c2
1
a 2b 3 b 2c 3 c 2a 3
(**)
(pcm)
53
C. MT S K THUT S DNG BT NG THC

BUNYAKOVSKI
I. BT NG THC BUNYAKOVSKI
Cho 2n s thc bt k a1 , a2 ,..., an , b1 , b2 ,..., bn n Z , n 1 , ta lun c:
a1b1 a2b2 ... an bn 2 a12 a22 ... an2 b12 b22 ... bn2
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi
II. MT
a
a1 a 2
... n (quy c bi 0 th ai 0 )
b1 b2
bn
THUT
DNG
BT
NG
THC
BUNYAKOVSKI
ne
1. K thut tch ghp b s

Bi 1: Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 1 . CMR
u.
Gii:
1 1 1
9
a b c
lie
p dng bt ng thc Bunyakovski :
bo
xt
1 1 1
9
a b c
Vy
ai
1 1 1
1
1
1
1 1 1
a b c a .
b.
c.
9
a b c
a
b
c
a b c
Bi 2: Cho cc s thc dng a, b,c. CMR :

ab
bc
ca
6
abc
abc
abc
Gii:
2
ab
bc
ca
abc
c
a
bc
ca
ab
12 12 12
6
abc abc abc
ab
bc
ca
6
abc
abc
abc
54
Bi 3:
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha ab bc ca 4 . CMR:

a4 b4 c4
16
3
Gii:
p dng bt ng thc Bunyakovski, ta c :
12 12 a 4 b 4 c 4 1.a 2 1.b 2 1.c 2
b2 c2 b2 c2 a2
ab bc ca ab bc ca 16
a4 b4 c4
Bi 4:
16
(pcm)
3
Cho cc s thc dng a, b. CMR
a
b
a b
b
a
Gii:
ne

2
a
b
b
a b 4 .4 b 4 .4 a
. a b
a
a
b
b
a
b
a b
b
a
lie
u.
ai
(pcm)
xt
a2
b2
c2
c
c
a
a
bo
Bi 5: Cho cc s thc dng a, b. CMR a b c 2

Gii:
Ta c:
abc
a
b
c
bc
ca
ab
bc
ca
ab

a 2 b 2 c 2
2
a b c

b c
b c c a a b
ca
2
ab
a2
b2
c2
2a b c

bc ca a b
a2
b2
c2
(pcm)
a b c 2
bc ca ab
55
Cho cc s thc dng a, b tha a 2 b 2 1 . Tm GTLN ca
Bi 6:
A a 1 a b 1 b
Gii:
b 2 1 a 1 b a b 2
12 a 2 b 2 2
22
Vy GTLN ca A l
ne
a 2 b 2 1
b
2
a
Du = xy ra
ab
2
b 1
a 1
1 1

a b
A a 1 a b 1 b
2 2
Cho s thc a, b tha 36a 2 16b 2 9 . Tm GTLN v GTNN ca
u.
Bi 7:
lie
A 2a b 5
Gii:
ai
bo
xt
2
1 2 1 2 1
1
2
36a 16b 6a 4b. 2a b
4
3 4 3
2
2a b
2
25
16
5
5
2a b
4
4
15
25
2a b 5
4
4
Ta c:
36a 2 9b 2 9
2
25
6a 4b
GTNN ca A l
khi
1
4
1
b 9
4
3
20
5
2 a b
4
56
36a 2 9b 2 9
2
25
6a 4b
GTLN ca A l
khi
1
1
4
b 9
4
3
20
5
2 a b
4
Bi 8:
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

a 3b b 3c c 3a
a b c

4 4 4
4
Gii:
1
1
1
1 2
2
2
2
a b b b
16 16 16 16
2
1 2
a b2 b2 b2
16
1
1 1 1 1 a 4 b 4 b 4 b 4
16
a 4 3b 4
a 3b
4
4
4
bo
xt
(1)
b 4 3c 4
b 3c

4
4
(2)
c 4 3a 4
c 3a

4
4
(3)
ai
lie
Tng t:
ne
u.
a b b b
a 3b

4
4 4 4 4
Cng theo v (1), (2), (3) ta c:

a 3b b 3c c 3a
4
4
4

a b c
4
4
4
Bi 9:
Cho a, b, c 0,1 . CMR
abc
(pcm)
1 a 1 b1 c 1
Gii:
57
1 a 1 b1 c a 1 a bc 1 b1 c bc 1 b1 c
abc 1 a 1 b 1 c bc 1 b 1 c bc 1 b 1 c
2
abc
1 b1 c b 1 bc 1 c 1
bc 1 b 1 c 1
2
bc
Vy ta c:
1 a 1 b1 c
abc
hay
abc
1 a 1 b1 c 1
Lu : Trong cch chng minh trn ta s dng bt ng thc
x,y 0
x y
x y2
2
xy x y
lie
x y x y
Bi 10:
x,y 0
u.
ne
D dng chng minh tnh cht ny, ta c:
x y x y
Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. CMR
xt
ai
a
b
c
9
2
2
2
b c c a a b 4a b c
Ta c:
bo
Gii:
a b c
b c
c a
a b
c
a 2 b 2 c 2

c
b c c a a c

b
c
a
bc ca ab
M ta c:
a
b
c
3
bc ca ab 2
(bt ng thc Nesbit, chng minh trong phn trc)

2
b
c 9
a

4
bc ca a b
58
a
b
c 9
a b c
2
2
c a a b 2 4
b c
a
b
c
9
pcm
2
2
2
b c c a a b 4a b c
2. K tht chn im ri
Bi 1: Cho cc s thc dng a, b,c tha a b c 6 . Tm gi tr nh nht (GTNN)
ca
A a2
1
1
1
b2 2 c2 2
2
b
c
a
. Phn tch:
Chuyn i mt biu thc trong cn thnh mt biu thc ngoi cn. Gi s vi cc s
, ta c:
a
b
ne
1
2
2
.
2 2
2 1 2
2
b 2 .
b
2
2
c
c

2 1
c 2
a
u.
lie
1
2
2
.
2 2
c
a
1 1 1
a b c a b c
xt
2 1
a 2
b
ai
1
1
.
a2 2
b
2 2
1
2 1
.
b 2
2
c
2
1
c2 1
.
2
2
2
a
bo

abc2
S im ri:
a
1
b
b
1
4
abc2
ab bc ca , chn
1
c
c
1

a
Kt hp vi k thut chn im ri trong bt ng thc Cauchy ta c li gii:

Gii:
59
2 1
1
1
. a 2 2 .4 2 12
a 2
b
b
17
1
1
2 1
. b 2 2 .4 2 12
b 2
c
c
17
c 2 1 1 . c 2 1 .4 2 12
a2
a2
17
1
1 1 1
A
4a b c a b c
17
1
1
4a
b
17
1
1
4b
c
17
1
4c
a
4 2 12
1
1 15
a b c 1 1 1
4 a b c 4 4 4 a b c Du
17
1 15
a b c 1 1 1 3 17
.6 6.6 . . . . .
4 4 4 a b c
2
17 4
ne
u.
3 17
2
lie
Vy GTNN ca A l
a 1
4 b
b 1
= xy ra a b c 2
4 c
c 1
4 a
Bi 2: Cho cc s thc dng a, b,c tha a b c 6 .. Tm GTNN ca
ai
1
1
1
b2
c2
bc
ca
ab
xt
A a2
bo
. Phn tch:
Chuyn i mt biu thc trong cn thnh mt biu thc ngoi cn. Gi s vi cc s

, ta c:
2 1 2 2
1
1
1

2
a
. a
. 2
a
bc
bc
b c
2 2
2 2
2
1
1

b
2
2
ca
ca

c2 1
c
2
2
ab
ab
1
1
1
a b c
bc
c a
ab

1

abc2
60
S im ri:
a
1
b
4
b
1
4
abc2
ab bc ca , chn
1
1
c
c
1

a

Gii
1
1
4b
17
ca
1
4c
ab
4 2 12
1
1
1
1
4a b c
17
bc
c a
ab
u.
1 2 2
1
1
. a2
4a
. 4 1
bc
17
17
bc
1
ne
2
1
a
bc
1
2
b
c
1
c2
ab
1
4a b c 3.3
17
1
9
4a b c
17
ab ab ca
1
9
4a b c 2 2 2
1 1 1 a b b c c a
17
1
9
4a b c
17
6 a b c
1 31
1
9
9
a b c a b c
8
17 8
2 6 a b c 2 6 a b c
3 17
1 31
1
9
9
.
.6 33 a b c .
8
2
17 8
2 6 a b c 2 6 a b c
lie
ab
c a
1
bo
xt
ai
ab
Vi a b c 2 th GTNN ca A l
3 17
2
61
Bi 3: Cho cc s thc dng a, b,c tha a b c 2abc 10 . Tm GTNN ca

8 9b 2 c 2 a 2
8 9c 2 a 2 b 2
8 9a 2 b 2 c 2
2
4
2
4
2
4
a2
b2
c2

abc2
S im ri:
a
1
b
b
1
4
abc2
ab bc ca , chn
1
c
c
1

a
ne

Gii
bo
xt
ai
lie
u.
8 9b 2 c 2 a 2 4
9b ca
2 18 4 2
2
4
a
a
8 9c 2 a 2 b 2 4
18
9b ca
2
2
4
b
b
2
2
2
8 9a
b c
4
2 18 4 2
9b ca
2
4
a
c
4 4 4
24 . A 9a b c ab bc ca
a b c
4
4
4
a b c 2a bc 2b ac 2c ab 6a b c
a
b
c
4
4
4
.a 2 .b 2 .c 2 2abc 2 2abc 2 2abc 6a b c
a
b
c
12 6 a b c 2abc 72
A
72
24
6 6
Vi a b c 2 th GTNN ca A l 6 6
62
Ti Liu Tham Kho

1. EE. Vrosovo, NS Denisova, Thc hnh gii ton s cp, ngi dch Hong Th
Thanh Lim, Nguyn Th Ninh, Nguyn Vn Quyt, NXBGD, 1986.
2. L Duy Thin , S dng bt ng thc Bunyakovski gii mt bi ton cc tr i
s, Sng kin kinh nghim 2009, Trng THPT Lang Chnh, Thanh Ha.
3. Nguyn Ngc Duy Nguyn Tng V, Bt ng thc Cauchy, Trung tm bi dng
kin thc Quang Minh, Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
4. Nguyn Vit Hi, K thut chn im ri trong bt ng thc AM-GM (CAUCHY),
Trng THPT chuyn Quang Trung, Bnh Phc.
5. Nguyn Vn Mu, Bi ging Chuyn ng thc v bt ng thc, Chng trnh
bi dng chuyn ton, H Ni, 11/12/2009.
ne
6. Nguyn Ngc Sang, Phng php chng minh bt ng thc Cauchy, Sng kin
u.
kinh nghim 2009, Trng THPT Nguyn Hu, Thanh Ha.

8. Tp ch Ton hc Tui tr.
lie
7. Phm Kim Hng, Sng to bt ng thc, Nh xut bn Tri thc.
bo
xt
xut bn H Ni, 2004.
ai
9. Trn Phng Nguyn c Tn, Sai lm thng gp v sng to khi gii ton, Nh
63

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MT S K THUT S DNG

BT NG THC CAUCHY V BT NG THC

CAUCHY V BT NG THC BUNYAKOVSKI

Quy tc song hnh: a s cc bt ng thc u c tnh i xng nn chng ta c th

cc bi ton chng minh bt ng thc hoc cc bi ton cc tr ta cn rn luyn cho mnh

Quy tc v tnh ng thi ca du bng: Chng ta thng mc sai lm v tnh xy ra

vi cng mt iu kin ca bin.

Quy tc bin: i vi cc bi ton cc tr c iu kin rng buc th cc tr thng t

B. MT S K THUT S DNG BT NG THC CAUCHY

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a1 a2 ... an

II. MT S K THUT S DNG BT NG THC CAUCHY

Bi 2: Cho 4 s thc dng a, b, c, d. Chng minh rng:

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:

Bi 3: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:

Bi 4: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:

Bi 5: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b tha

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:

Cng theo v (1) v (2), ta c:

Bi 6: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. Chng minh rng: 16aba b2 a b4

Bi 7: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c:

a b c ab bc ca 33 abc 33 abc 33 abc 1 33 abc

Bi 8: Cho 2 s thc dng a, b. Chng minh rng: ab

Bi 9: Cho 3 s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 10 . Tm GTLN ca: A a 2b3c5

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Bi 2: Chng minh rng: a

Bi 3: Chng minh rng:

Bi 4: Chng minh rng:

Vi a 0 , p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Bi 6: Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A a

Bi 7: Chng minh rng: a

Bi 8: Chng minh rng: a

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

1.3 K thut ghp i xng

Bi 1: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

Bi 2: Cho ba s thc abc 0 . CMR:

Bi 3: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tha abc 1. CMR:

1.4 K thut ghp cp nghch o

Chng minh bt ng thc trn :

Bi 1: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

abc bca cab

Bi 2: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

(Bt ng thc Nesbit)

Bi 3: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

abc bca cab

Theo bt ng thc Nesbit chng minh bi 2 th:

Bi 4: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tha a b c 1 . Chng minh bt ng thc

a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab

a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ac 2

a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab

a 2 2bc b 2 2ac c 2 2ab 2

Khi bt ng thc (1) tng ng vi bt ng thc sau:

Do trong tam gic, tng di ca hai cnh lun ln hn di cnh cn li nn :

p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Bi 2: Cho ABC , AB c, BC a, CA b. CMR:

Khi v tri ca bt ng thc (1) tr thnh:

Bi 3: Cho ABC , AB c, BC a, CA b. CMR:

Khi bt ng thc (1) tng ng vi bt ng thc sau:

Khi bt ng thc (1) tng ng vi bt ng thc sau:

Bi 5: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c. CMR:

Khi bt ng thc (1) tr thnh:

Bi 6: Cho 3 s thc khng m a, b, c tha a c b c 1 . CMR:

Khi v tri ca bt ng thc (1) tr thnh: