Giaotrinh-ThicongmangGON FTTH

MC LC
MC LC ...................................................................................................................... 1
DANH SCH HNH V................................................................................................. 5
Chng 1. CU TRC MNG CP QUANG THU BAO FTTx................................. 8
1. CU TRC MNG CP QUANG THU BAO FTTX........................................... 8
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
T quang phi cp 1: ........................................................................................................ 8

T quang phi cp 2: ........................................................................................................ 8
Tp im quang: ............................................................................................................... 8
B chia (Splitter): ............................................................................................................. 9
2. T CHC QUN L CC THNH PHN CU TRC MNG CP QUANG

FTTx......................................................................................................................... 9
3. T CHC VNG PHC V .................................................................................. 9
4. CU TRC U NI C BN ............................................................................10
4.1. Cu trc u ni ti t phi quang cp 1.......................................................................... 10
4.2. Cu trc u ni ti t phi quang cp 2.......................................................................... 10
4.3. Cu trc u ni ti tp im........................................................................................... 10
5. M T TNG QUAN TNH NNG K THUT CA CC VT T MNG

QUANG GPON: ......................................................................................................11
Chng 2. TIU CHUN K THUT CP QUANG..................................................12
1. CP SI QUANG...................................................................................................12
1.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 12
1.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 12
1.2.1. Tiu chun v cht lng truyn dn ca si quang............................................... 12
1.2.2. Tiu chun chung v cc c tnh c hc ca si cp quang .................................. 16
1.2.3. Yu cu chung v cu trc ca si cp quang ........................................................ 18
2. DY NHY QUANG (JUMPER CORD) ...............................................................24

2.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 24
3. DY PIGTAIL ........................................................................................................25
3.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 25
3.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 25
4. GI U CP QUANG TRONG NH ODF.........................................................26

4.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 26
4.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 27
5. T U NI CP QUANG NGOI TRI ...........................................................29

5.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 29
5.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 29
6. MNG SNG CP QUANG..................................................................................31

6.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 31
6.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 32
7. U NI QUANG (OPTICAL CONNECTOR) .....................................................32

7.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 32
Trang 1
7.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 32

7.2.1. Dng hnh hc ca phn tip xc ca u ni (end face finish):............................. 32
7.2.2. Yu cu k thut truyn dn cho cc loi u ni .................................................. 33
8. B TCH GHP QUANG (Splitter/Combiner hay Optical Non-Wavelength

Selective Splitter/Combiner) ....................................................................................35
8.1. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................. 35
8.2. Tiu chun k thut (ch p dng cho b tch/ghp cng sut quang Optical NonWavelength Selective Splitter/Combiner) ............................................................................... 35
8.2.1. V mt cng ngh ch to ..................................................................................... 36
8.2.2. V c tnh truyn dn .......................................................................................... 36
Chng 3. K THUT THI CNG CP QUANG .......................................................38

1. NGUYN CU H S BN V THI CNG........................................................38
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
Phm vi thit k .............................................................................................................. 38

Phng n thit k .......................................................................................................... 38
Vt t ch yu s dng trong cng trnh.......................................................................... 38
Cc yu cu v t chc thi cng ...................................................................................... 39
2. KHO ST O T LI TRC KHI THI CNG.............................................39

2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
Kho st o c tuyn cp treo........................................................................................ 39

Kho st o c tuyn cp ngm ..................................................................................... 39
Kho st o c tuyn cp chn trc tip ........................................................................ 40
Kho st o c v tr lp thit b u cui....................................................................... 40
3. LP PHNG N TIN THI CNG..............................................................40

3.1. Phng n, tin thi cng tuyn cp treo...................................................................... 40
3.2. Phng n thi cng tuyn cp ngm................................................................................ 40
3.3. Phng n thi cng tuyn cp chn trc tip :................................................................. 41
4. THI CNG TH CP.............................................................................................41

4.1. Thi cng cp th cng : ................................................................................................... 41
4.1.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng : ................................................... 41
4.1.2. Th t hp 03 ng 34 vo trong ng pi 110 : ................................................. 41
4.2. Lun dy ti vo lng ng: ............................................................................................. 43
4.2.1. Ko cp vo ng ................................................................................................... 44
4.2.2. Gia c bo v cp.................................................................................................. 46
4.3. Thi cng cp treo ............................................................................................................ 46
4.3.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng ..................................................... 46
4.3.2. Th cp quang treo................................................................................................ 47
4.3.3. Bo hiu bo v cp .............................................................................................. 48
4.4. Thi cng cp chn trc tip :........................................................................................... 48
4.4.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng : ................................................... 49
4.4.2. Th cp quang chn trc tip : .............................................................................. 49
5. KIM TRA NGHIM THU.....................................................................................51

6. LP H S HON CNG.....................................................................................51
Chng 4. AN TON LAO NG TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG CP QUANG52
1. QUY NH ATL KHI THI CNG CP QUANG TRONG H THNG HM
CNG CP: ............................................................................................................52
1.1. Cc quy nh an ton cho ngi: ..................................................................................... 52
1.2. Cc quy nh an ton cho vt t: ..................................................................................... 53
2. QUY NH ATL KHI THI CNG CP QUANG TREO:....................................53

2.1. Cc quy nh an ton cho ngi: ..................................................................................... 53
2.2. Cc quy nh an ton cho vt t: ..................................................................................... 54
Trang 2
3. QUY NH ATL IN KHI THI CNG CP QUANG NGM, TREO:............56

3.1. Khi nim c bn v an ton in: .................................................................................. 56
Chng 5. K THUT HN NI SI QUANG ..........................................................58

1. MC CH: ............................................................................................................58
2. GII THIU MT S DNG C THI CNG HN NI CP QUANG:.............58
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
Dng c ct dc si cp: ................................................................................................. 58

Dng c tut ng m..................................................................................................... 59
Dng c tut lp v bc si quang:................................................................................. 59
Dng c ct si quang:.................................................................................................... 60
3. GII THIU MT S PHNG PHP HN NI CP QUANG: ......................61

3.1. Ni kt dnh c kh: ........................................................................................................ 62
4. VT T PH KIN TRONG HN NI CP SI QUANG .................................63

4.1. Mng sng ni cp quang ............................................................................................... 63
4.1.1. Mng sng UCAO: ............................................................................................... 63
4.1.2. Mng sng UCNP: ................................................................................................ 63
4.2. ODF: .............................................................................................................................. 64
4.2.1. FO12-WSC........................................................................................................... 64
4.2.2. FO24-WSCM........................................................................................................ 64
4.3. Khay cha mi ni:......................................................................................................... 64
4.4. Lc gi mi ni: ........................................................................................................... 65
4.5. ng co nhit bo v mi ni: .......................................................................................... 65
4.6. Cabinet phn phi, t cp v tp im quang: ................................................................. 65
4.7. Dy pigtail v dy nhy quang: ....................................................................................... 66
4.8. Cc loi connector v Adaptor: ....................................................................................... 66
5. Thi cng hn nI cp quang: ...................................................................................67

5.1. Nguyn tc chung: .......................................................................................................... 67
5.2. Trnh t hn ni cp bn ngoi:....................................................................................... 67
5.2.1. Cng tc chun b: ................................................................................................ 67
5.2.2. Chun b my hn: ................................................................................................ 67
5.2.3. Thao tc hn: ........................................................................................................ 67
5.2.4. Hon tt mi ni: .................................................................................................. 68
5.3. Trnh t hn ni cp trong i: ........................................................................................ 68
5.3.1. Cng tc chun b: ................................................................................................ 68
5.3.2. Hn ni si quang v hon tt mi hn:................................................................. 68
Chng 6. O TH CP SI QUANG ........................................................................69

1. NGUYN NHN GY SUY HAO V MC CH O SUY HAO CP SI
QUANG: .................................................................................................................69
1.1. Nguyn nhn: ................................................................................................................. 69
1.2. Mc ch: ....................................................................................................................... 69
2. CC PHP O CP QUANG: ...............................................................................70

2.1. n v o lng suy hao:................................................................................................ 70
2.2. Cc php o cp quang: .................................................................................................. 70
3. MY O QUANG DI THEO MIN THI GIAN OTDR:...................................70

3.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my o OTDR:........................................................................ 70
3.2. Cc thng s chnh ca my o:...................................................................................... 71
3.2.1. Tn s pht xung:.................................................................................................. 71
3.2.2. Thi gian qut:...................................................................................................... 71
3.2.3. Khong cch o v phn gii:........................................................................... 71
3.2.4. B rng xung: ....................................................................................................... 72
Trang 3
3.2.5.
3.2.6.
3.2.7.
3.2.8.
Chit sut:............................................................................................................. 72
Tn x ngc: ....................................................................................................... 72
Vng cht: ............................................................................................................ 72
Xc nh cc im c bit trn th:.................................................................. 72
4. O SUY HAO IM, SUY HAO TON TUYN BNG OTDR:.........................73

4.1. o th trc tip cp quang bng my o OTDR:............................................................. 73
4.2. o th suy hao connector bng my OTDR: ................................................................... 73
4.3. o th suy hao mi hn bng OTDR: ............................................................................. 74
4.3.1. B tr o th theo phng php mch vng:.......................................................... 74
4.3.2. o th suy hao ton tuyn bng OTDR:................................................................ 75
5. B MY O THU PHT CNG SUT................................................................77

5.1. Gii thiu v my thu pht cng sut quang : .................................................................. 77
5.2. Nguyn l hot ng:...................................................................................................... 77
5.3. o th suy hao ton tuyn bng my o cng sut quang:............................................... 77
6. TNH TON V NH GI CHT LNG SUY HAO TON TUYN. ..........78
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DANH SCH HNH V

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao ................................................ 8
Hnh 1.2. Phn b b chia Splitter tiu biu trn mng ...................................................... 9
Hnh 1.3. Cu trc u ni c bn ti t phi quang cp 1 ............................................... 10
Hnh 1.4. Cu trc u ni c bn ti t phi quang cp 2 ............................................... 10
Hnh 1.5. Cu trc u ni c bn ti tp im ................................................................ 10
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang treo......................................................... 18
Hnh 2.2. Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang ko cng................................................. 21
Hnh 2.4. Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang thu bao (drop fiber) ............................... 23
Hnh 2.5: Dy nhy quang ............................................................................................... 24
Hnh 2.6: Cu trc c bn ca si dy nhy quang........................................................... 25
Hnh 2.7: Dy Pigtail....................................................................................................... 25
Hnh 2.8: Hp u ni quang ph hp theo dng treo tng (ODF)................................. 27
Hnh 2.9: Module u ni quang ph hp lp t theo kiu Rack ETSI ........................... 27
Hnh 2.10: Module u ni quang ng/m theo kiu bn l ........................................... 28
Hnh 2.11: Thnh phn lu tr si quang......................................................................... 28
Hnh 2.12: Cu trc tiu biu ca mt Rack u ni quang dung lng cao (FDF) c cc
thnh phn lu tr si quang dc theo hai bn t...................................................... 29
Hnh 2.13: T u ni quang ngoi tri tiu biu............................................................ 30
Hnh 2.14: Mng xng hn ni cp quang........................................................................ 31
Hnh 2.14: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc PC ..................................................... 33
Hnh 2.15: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc UPC .................................................. 33
Hnh 2.16: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc APC .................................................. 33
Hnh 2.17: u ni ST..................................................................................................... 33
Hnh 2.18: u ni SC .................................................................................................... 34
Hnh 2.19: u ni FC .................................................................................................... 34
Hnh 2.20: Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca b Splitter.................................................. 35
Hnh 2.21: Biu so snh suy hao xen gia 2 loi cng ngh ch to Splitter................ 36
Hnh 3.1: T hp ng subduct 34................................................................................. 42
Hnh 3.2: Lun dy mi bng my nn khi ...................................................................... 42
Hnh 3.3: Ko t hp ng vo ng pi........................................................................... 43
Hnh 3.4: ng 34 sau khi th vo ng pi 110........................................................ 43
Hnh 3.5: Que st c vng m da chuyn dng .............................................................. 44
Hnh 3.6: Thi dy mi vo lng ng .............................................................................. 44
Trang 5
Hnh 3.7: Cng nhn y ghi vo lng ng...................................................................... 44

Hnh 3.8: B b xon....................................................................................................... 45
Hnh 3.9: Ko cp quang trong cng................................................................................ 45
Hnh 3.10: Xp cp hnh s 8........................................................................................... 45
Hnh 3.11: Xp t cp v mi ni trong hm.................................................................. 46
Hnh 3.12: Trang b mt bulng vi mc J v kp treo cp.............................................. 47
Hnh 3.13: a cp ln mc J.......................................................................................... 47
Hnh 3.14: Dng sc ngi cng cp .......................................................................... 48
Hnh 3.15: Kt cui cp trn ct ...................................................................................... 48
Hnh 3.16: Rnh chn cp trc tip.................................................................................. 50
Hnh 3.17: Cun bng bo hiu ....................................................................................... 50
Hnh 3.18: Ct mc ch tuyn dng cho tuyn cp quang ................................................ 51
Hnh 5. 1. B ngh thi cng cp quang ...................................................................... 58
Hnh 5.2. Dng c ct dc si cp quang......................................................................... 58
Hnh 5.3. Dng c tut ng m...................................................................................... 59
Hnh 5.4. Cc loi dng c chuyn dng v km tut lp bc......................................... 60
Hnh 5.5. Dng c tut si quang bng nhit ................................................................... 60
Hnh 5.6. Dao ct s quang A8 ........................................................................................ 61
Hnh 5.7. Dao ct si quang D6...................................................................................... 61
Hnh 5.8: Mi ni kt dnh c kh.................................................................................... 62
Hnh 5.9. Dng c lp rp mi ni v mi ni c kh hon chnh..................................... 62
Hnh 5.10 Module u ni quang lp trn gi 19............................................................ 65
Hnh 5.11 T cp quang .................................................................................................. 65
Hnh 5.12 Tp im cp quang ....................................................................................... 66
Hnh 5.13 Dy Pigtail v dy nhy quang........................................................................ 66
Hnh 5.14Cc loi u ni quang..................................................................................... 66
Hnh 6.1. Suy hao do tn x v tn x ngc .................................................................. 69
Hnh 6.2. Suy hao si quang theo bc sng .................................................................. 69
Hnh 6.3. suy hao khp ni v mi hn hin th trn mn hnh my OTDR ..................... 72
Hnh 6.5. S u ni cp quang. ................................................................................ 73
Hnh 6.6. th biu din trn my OTDR .................................................................... 73
Hnh 6.7. S u ni o connector ............................................................................. 74
Hnh 6.8. Biu din th trn mn hnh my o............................................................. 74
Hnh 6.9. S u ni khi o ....................................................................................... 75
Hnh 6.10. th o hng i. ....................................................................................... 75
Trang 6
Hnh 6.11. th o hng v. ...................................................................................... 75

Hnh 6. 12. S u ni o ton tuyn cp................................................................... 76
Hnh 6. 13. th kt qu ton tuyn hng i ............................................................... 76
Hnh 6.14. th kt qu ton tuyn hng v............................................................... 76
Hnh 6.15. My pht cng sut quang v my thu cng sut quang................................ 77
Hnh 6.16. S u ni o suy hao bng my o cng sut quang ............................... 78
Hnh 6.17. Bng gi tr suy hao ca mi ni hn v connector......................................... 79
Trang 7
Chng 1. CU TRC MNG CP QUANG THU BAO FTTx

1. CU TRC MNG CP QUANG THU BAO FTTX
Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao FTTx c m t theo hnh di:
Hnh 1.1. Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao
T hnh v trn, cu trc ca mng cp quang thu bao tiu biu s bao gm cc
thnh phn sau:
1.1. T quang phi cp 1:
-
T quang phi cp 1 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp gc cn phc v cho

01 khu vc do t quang phi cp 1 ny qun l.
T i/trm n t quang phi cp 1, l tp hp cc si cp quang gc n t

quang phi cp 1.
T quang phi cp 1 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 1 (S1) trn

mng.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang gc tiu biu i ra t i/trm n t quang

phi cp 1 ti thiu l 48F.O.
1.2. T quang phi cp 2:

-
T quang phi cp 2 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp phi cn phc v

cho 01 khu vc do t quang phi cp 2 ny qun l. V c bn, 01 t quang
phi cp 1 s qun l nhiu t quang phi cp 2.
T t quang phi cp 1 n t quang phi cp 2, l tp hp cc si cp quang

phi n t quang phi cp 2.
T quang phi cp 2 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 2 (S2) trn

mng.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i ra t t quang phi cp 01

n t quang phi cp 2 ti thiu l 48F.O.
1.3. Tp im quang:
-
Tp im quang l ni phi cp quang th bao n khch hng.
T t quang phi cp 2 n tp im quang l tp hp cc si quang phi n

tp im.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i n tp im quang c dung

lng ti thiu l 12FO.
Trang 8
1.4. B chia (Splitter):

-
B chia (Splitter) l thit b ghp/chia tch quang th ng khng cn ngun.
B chia (Splitter) s c thit k ph bin trn tng tuyn cp ca mng cp

quang thu bao c tng t l chia ti a cho php hin nay l 1: 64.
Phn b b chia ph bin trn mng theo t l chia 1: 2 ti t quang phi cp 1

v t l chia 1: 32 ti t quang phi cp 2.
Hnh 1.2. Phn b b chia Splitter tiu biu trn mng
2. T CHC QUN L CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC MNG

CP QUANG THU BAO FTTX
Vic qun l cc thnh phn chnh trong cu trc s tun theo mt s cc nguyn tc
c bn sau:
-
01 t cp quang phi cp 1 c dung lng t 384 F.O (c s dng kt ni cho)

s qun l ti a 06 t quang phi cp 2.
01 t cp quang phi cp 2 c dung lng ti a 96 F.O (khng s dng cu

trc u ni cho) s qun l ti a 08 tp im quang.
Tp im quang s dng lai c bn c dung lng u ni ti thiu 24F.O.
Cp quang t t cp quang phi cp 2 ti tp im c dung lng ti thiu 12

F.O.
Cp quang vo cc khu building s dng ti thiu cp c dung lng 24 F.O.
3. T CHC VNG PHC V

-
Mng cp quang thu bao c phn thnh cc vng mng theo ng vng phc v
ca cc i/trm tng i ni ht hin hu nhm to s thun tin trong vic qun
l v pht huy hiu qu cc ngun lc sn c (c s h tng, kh nng p ng,
phc v khch hng).
Vng phc v ca mt t cp quang cp 1 v cp 2 bn knh khng qu 1.000m

(ni thnh) v 1.500m (ngoi thnh).
Vng phc v ca mt tp im quang bn knh khng qu 300m (ni thnh) v

500m (ngoi thnh).
Trn thc t ty vo khu vc thu bao v a hnh l ca khu vc thu bao c th,
m c th b tr cc v tr S1 v S2 cho ph hp. Chng hn vi cc khu cao c vn
phng, thng mi hay chung c cao cp, S2 c th c b tr bn trong tng khu.
Hoc S1 c b tr ring phc v cho 01 khu cng nghip hay khu cng ngh
cao,
Trang 9
4. CU TRC U NI C BN
4.1. Cu trc u ni ti t phi quang cp 1
T phi quang cp 1 l ni u ni cp quang gc v cp quang phi. T phi
quang cp 1 gm c: khy hn ni cp quang gc vo, vi tr ng cc module splitter
v module hn ni cp quang phi i ra. Vi cu to ny s cung cp chc nng u
ni linh hot khi s dng : u ni thng v u ni cho qua splitter hoc khng qua
splitter gip thun tin trong qu trnh khai thc v chuyn i loi hnh cung cp dch
v khi cn thit.
Hnh 1.3. Cu trc u ni c bn ti t phi quang cp 1
4.2. Cu trc u ni ti t phi quang cp 2
Hnh 1.4. Cu trc u ni c bn ti t phi quang cp 2
Ging nh t phi quang cp 1, t phi quang cp 2 c dung lng thp hn v

khng c chc nng u ni cho gia cp quang phi vo v cp quang ra n tp
im.
4.3. Cu trc u ni ti tp im
Hnh 1.5. Cu trc u ni c bn ti tp im

Trang 10
5. M T TNG QUAN TNH NNG K THUT CA CC VT T

MNG QUANG GPON:
Cp quang: s dng lai ng m lng, theo tiu chun ITU G652.D. Suy hao
si quang bao gm mi hn:
-
1310nm v 1490nm: 0.35dB/km
1550nm: 0.3 dB/km
Mi ni: S dng mi ni c kh, yu cu kn nc, c kh nng r nhnh, c

th lp t trong hm hoc trn ct, bn trong c cc khay hn ni v lp t b
chia quang.
B chia quang: c kh nng chia ghp cng sut quang 1:2,1:4, 1:8,1:16, 1:32,
1:64 c u ni SC/APC. Suy hao b chia ghp quang:
T l
Suy hao ln nht dB
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
1:64
3.6
7.3
10.5
13.8
17.1
20.5
T phi quang cp 1( S1): S dng lai lp trn b, c kh nng u nhy

quang, c cc khay hn lp c cc b Spliter, c h thng i dy nhy v lu
tr dy tha, m bo tiu chun un cong ca si quang. Dung lng ti a
384FO c kh nng gn cc module u dy quang. Kch thc t nh gn,
qun l v thao tc khai thc d dng.
Module u dy ti t S1: c khay hn, u ni SC/APC, pigtail, tng thch
vi v t.
Hp gn b chia quang trn ct (S2): S dng lai lp trn ct, c khay hn
cha c Splitter, u ni SC/APC, pigtail, c kh nng gn ti a 96 u ni
SC/APC (khng nhy quang).Kch thc nh gn c kh nng gn trn ct hoc
trn tng.
Tp im quang: S dng lai lp trn ct, c khay hn cha c Splitter,
u ni SC/APC, pigtail, dung lng thng thng 24, 48 FO. V tr cp vo v
ra c th a cp vo hp m khng phi ct ng m lng cha si quang.
Kch thc nh gn c kh nng gn trn ct hoc trn tng.
Cc vt t treo cp khc: s dng cc chng lai hin hu ang p dng trn
mng.
Trang 11
Chng 2. TIU CHUN K THUT CP QUANG

1. CP SI QUANG
1.1. Gii thiu chung
Cp si quang c lm bng vt liu si thy tinh trong sut dng truyn thng
tin di dng nh sng c iu ch chy dc theo cc si quang. Hin nay, cp si
quang c s dng rng ri cho cc mng truyn dn lin i, cc t tip cn thu bao
v gn y nht l vic trin khai mng cp quang theo m hnh FTTx, ngha l cp quang
s c trin khai n nh khch hng (FTTH-Fiber to The Home), n cc ta nh vn
phng, cao c, khch sn (FTTB-Fiber to The Building), n cc khu cng nghip, cng
ngh cao, khu dn c tp trung (FTTN- Fiber to The Node). Do cp si quang c
a vo s dng s c nhiu chng loi khc nhau ph hp vi cu hnh ca tng mng
c th, chng hn mng ng trc, lin i nn s dng loi cp quang n mode dung
lng ln c th ln n hng trm si, mng tip cn thu bao s dng loi cp quang
n mode dung lng nh t 12 si n 48 si, cp quang thu bao s dng dung lng
nh v va t 4F.O n 24 F.O (ty theo i tng khch hng), mng trc cp quang
thu bao FTTx (i hi dung lng cp ln cho phn cp gc v phi, d dng u ni, d
dng tch ghp si quang, t cht lng cao v n nh) nn s dng loi cp quang n
mode dung lng ln hn c th ln n hng trm si.
1.2. Tiu chun k thut
1.2.1. Tiu chun v cht lng truyn dn ca si quang
1.2.1.1. Tiu chun cht lng truyn dn cho si quang n mode (ch yu
da theo G.652D)
Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc loi cp treo, ko cng, chn trc tip,
cp trong nh v thu bao drop fiber
STT
1
Thng S
Gi Tr
ng knh trng mode (MFD)

- Ti bc sng 1.310 nm
8,6 9,5 m
- Dung sai cho php
0.5 m
ng knh v (Cladding Diameter)
125 m 1 m
Sai s ng tm gia li v v (Core
0,6 m
concentricity error)
4
khng trn u ca v (Cladding
< 1%
noncircularity)
5
Bc sng ct (Cable Cut-off Wavelength) 1.260 nm
cc
Trang 12
H s suy hao (Attenuation Coefficient)

- Suy hao ti a trong di bc sng t 1310
0,4 dB/Km
nm n 1625 nm
0,3 dB/Km
- Ti vng bc sng Water Peak 1383
0,4dB/Km
3nm
7
tn sc (Dispersion) D
3,5 ps/(nm.Km)
18 ps/(nm.Km)
dc tn sc Zero (Zero dispersion
0.092ps/nm2.km
slope)
9
Bc sng tn sc Zero ( 0min - 0max)
1300 1324 nm
10
Suy hao bn knh cong (Macrobending
0.1 dB
loss) ti 1625 nm trong iu kin th:

- Bn knh cong: 30 mm
- S vng: 100
11
Lp bc ca si
- S dng vt liu chng

nh hng ca tia cc tm
(cht acrylate), gim thiu
tc ng ca mi trng
ngoi.
- ng knh lp ph s
cp (primary coating
diameter): 245 m 10
m
- Tut d dng bng cc
tut bnh thng,
khng cn s dng ha
cht.
Trang 13
12
- S dng loi mc c kh
M ha mu si
nng chng tia cc tm,

bn theo thi gian.
Lut m ha mu:
1: Xanh dng (Blue)
2: Cam (Orange)
3: Xanh l cy (Green)
4: Nu (Brown)
5: Xm (Grey)
6: Trng (White)
7: (Red)
8: en (Black)
9: Vng (Yellow)
10: Tm (Violet)
11: Hng (Pink)
12: Khng mu
Bng 2.1: Bng tiu chun cht lng truyn dn ca si quang n mode
1.2.1.2. Tiu chun cht lng truyn dn cho si quang a mode (ch yu da
theo G.651)
Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc loi cp treo, ko cng, chn trc tip,
cp trong nh v thu bao drop fiber
STT
Thng S
Gi Tr
ng knh li (Core Diameter)
50 m 3 m
ng knh v (Cladding
125 m 3 m
Diameter)
3
Sai s ng tm gia li v v
< 6%
(Concentricity error)
4
khng trn u (Noncircularity)
< 2%
- Ca v (Cladding)
< 6%
- Ca li (Core)
5
Mt ct chit sut ca si
Gn vi dng Parabol bc 2
Khu s (Numeric Aperture)
(0,2 0.23) 0,02

Trang 14
H s suy hao (Attenuation

Coefficient)
10
- Ti bc sng 850 nm
4 dB/Km
2 dB/Km
tn sc (Dispersion)
- Ti bc sng 850 nm
120 ps/(nm.Km)
6 ps/(nm.Km)
Bng thng
- Ti bc sng 850 nm
> 200Mhz.Km
> 200Mhz.Km
Lp bc s cp ca si
- S dng vt liu chng nh

hng ca tia cc tm (cht
acrylate), gim thiu tc ng
ca mi trng ngoi.
- ng knh lp bc s cp
(primary coating diameter): 245
m 10 m
- Tut d dng bng cc tut
bnh thng, khng cn s dng
ha cht.
Trang 15
11
- S dng loi mc c kh nng
M ha mu si
chng tia cc tm, bn theo thi

gian.
- Lut m ha mu:
1: Xanh dng (Blue)
2: Cam (Orange)
3: Xanh l cy (Green)
4: Nu (Brown)
5: Xm (Grey)
6: Trng (White)
7: (Red)
8: en (Black)
9: Vng (Yellow)
10: Tm (Violet)
11: Hng (Pink)
12: Khng mu
Bng 2.2: Bng tiu chun cht lng truyn dn cho si quang a mode
1.2.2. Tiu chun chung v cc c tnh c hc ca si cp quang

Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc loi cp treo, ko cng, chn trc tip, cp
trong nh v thu bao drop fiber
STT
1
Thng s
Gi tr
Lc cng
Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-E1 vi lc ko ti a cho 100 m
(Tensile
mu cp th nh sau:
Strength)
- 1000N cho cp thu bao (Drop Fiber) ni chung

- 1400N cho cp n 100F.O
- 1400N cho cp t 100 F.O n 200 F.O.
- 2300N cho cp trn 200 F.O n 300 F.O.
- 1900N cho cp trn 300 F.O n 500 F.O
- 3000N cho cp trn 600 F.O n 1000 F.O
Kt qu phi m bo:
- Si khng b gy
- V khng b rn nt
- n nh suy hao 0,1 dB (ti bc sng 1310 v 1550 nm)
Trang 16
chu lc
Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-2-E4 vi 10 ln va p ca vt
va chm
nng trng lng 1 kg ri t cao 1m. Chiu di mu cp ngn
(impact)
khong vi mt. Kt qu phi m bo:

- Si khng b gy
- V khng b rn nt
chu nn
Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-2-E3 vi lc nn bng trng
(Crush
lng ca 1 km cp ln chiu di ti thiu cho mu cp th l
Resistance)
100mm trong thi gian 5 pht. Kt qu phi m bo:

- Si khng b gy
- V khng b rn nt
chu
Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-2-E7 vi s vng xon l 10 cho
xon
mi ln xon + 1800 hoc - 180 0 vi ti dc trc 100N v chiu
(Torsion)
di mu th ngn khong vi mt. Kt qu phi m bo:

- Si khng b gy
- V khng b rn nt
un cong
ng knh un cong 20x ng knh cp. Theo tiu chun
(Repeated
IEC-60794-1-2-E11 vi ng knh un cong l 20 ln ng
Bending)
knh cp v s vng un l 5. Kt qu phi m bo:

- Si khng b gy
- V khng b rn nt
- n nh suy hao 0,1dB (ti bc sng 1310 v 1550 nm)
Nhit
Max 600C. Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-2-F1 vi nhit thay
hot ng
i t - 300C n 600C trong thi gian 2 ngy (nn th vi 2 chu

k nhit, im bt u v kt thc ca chu k nhit l nhit
phng, thng ly l 230C) phi m bo tng suy hao ca
si trong sut chu trnh nhit khng vt qu 0,02 dB/Km (ti
bc sng 1310 v 1550 nm).
Trang 17
chng
Theo tiu chun IEC-60794-1-2-F5 vi chiu di mu th l 3m,
thm
trong phn b ct b lp v di 25 mm, cp c t v tr

nm ngang v cao ct nc l 1m c p vo trong thi gian
24 gi nhit 20 5 0C.
Yu cu: kt qu phi m bo mu cp th khng b ngm
nc.
Khong
p dng cho cp treo. Nu khng c yu cu c bit, ti thiu
vt cho
l: 50m
php (Pole
Span)
9
nh du
Bn ngoi v cp cn phi ghi r nhng thng tin chnh dc theo
nhn din
sut chiu di cp vi khong 1m mt ln bao gm:
trn v cp
- Tn nh khai thc: VNPT

- Tn nh sn xut
- Nhn thng phm ca cp
- Nm sn xut
- Loi cp, dung lng cp, di cp theo m.
Cc thng tin trn cn phi c ghi r rng v phi m bo
bn theo thi gian
Bng 2.3: Bng tiu chun c tnh c cho si cp quang
1.2.3. Yu cu chung v cu trc ca si cp quang

Thng thng, cp quang s dng trn mng s bao gm cc loi chnh c
phn theo mc ch s dng nh sau:
1. Cp quang treo: c treo trn tri qua cc khong ct, thng thng s
dng lm cp quang lin i/trm, cp quang cho cc t outdoor hoc trong mng cp
quang FTTx ng vai tr l cp quang gc v phi. Cu trc c bn ca si cp quang
treo c m t trong hnh v di:
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang treo

Trang 18
T hnh v trn, cu chung tiu biu ca mt si cp quang treo phi bao gm

cc thnh phn c bn sau (tnh t ngoi vo trong):
V cp (Outer Sheath): k c v bc si dy treo cp phi tun th cc yu cu
sau:
-
Vt liu l hp cht H.D.P.E.
V cp phi tc dng bo v cp khi tc ng c hc v mi trng (nc,

nhit , ha cht, cn trng gm nhm).
B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1.5 mm. i vi loi cp dung lng t 100F.O

tr ln ti thiu l 1.7 mm.
C kh nng chu in p cao: ti thiu 2kV vi in p th l xoay chiu hnh

sin tn s n 60 Hz, nu sau 60s th khng c hin tng nh la hoc nh
thng cht cch in l m bo.
C kh nng chu c ta t ngoi.
C dy ng nht v khng cha thnh phn kim loi.
Khi chy cho ra t khi v kh c c bit cho cp indoor.
Khng c vt rn nt, trn u, cht lng ng u trn ton b chiu di cp.
Dy treo cp: c cu to t nhiu si thp (7 si) m km xon li vi nhau

Kch thc dy treo c qui nh nh sau:
STT
Loi cp
Kch thc dy treo cp
Dung lng ti 48 F.O
ti thiu 1 mm cho mi si
Dung lng trn 48 F.O n 96 F.O
ti thiu 1,2 mm cho mi si
Dung lng trn 96 F.O n 200 F.O
ti thiu 1,5 mm cho mi si
Dung lng trn 200F.O n 600 F.O
ti thiu 2 mm cho mi si
Bng 2.4: Bng tiu chun v kch thc dy treo cho si cp quang
Dy Ripcord:
-
S lng: Ti thiu 1 si (di lp v cp ngoi).
Bng cht liu aramid, m bo chc tut v cp v d dng phn bit vi

cc thnh phn khc.
Bng chng nc (water blocking tape):

C cu to gm 1 lp bng Mylar bao bc bn ngoi li si cp quang, c tc
dng:
-
Ngn s xm nhp ca nc.
Khng dn in, cch nhit, kh chy, chng nm mc.

Thng thng, bn trong lp bng c i km thm thnh phn hp cht chng
Trang 19
nc xm nhp c ch to bng loi hoa cht c bit gi l Super Absorbent

Polymer vit tt l S.A.P.
Dy bn gia cng (aramid yarn):
y l thnh phn khng bt buc, c t di lp bng Mylar chng nc l
tp hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia cng s cp gip tng kh nng
chu lc ca li si cp.
ng m (Buffer Tube):
ng m c s dng t cc si quang bn trong, c lm bng vt liu
Polybutylene Terephthalate c tc dng:
-
Tng thm bn (gia tng bn ko, cch nhit) bo v si quang bc

lp ph s cp. Lp m s dng cho cp treo ngoi tri l loi lp m lng c
kch thc: ng knh 1,5 2,5 mm.
Cc ng m c xp sp xon o chiu SZ theo trc ca si chu lc

trung tm.
Trong trng hp dung lng cp khng cho php s ng m to s trn

u cho si cp, yu cu s dng thm ng m ph (Filler Rod).
Thng thng ngn nc v hi m xm nhp vo li si quang, mt cch

truyn thng trong lp ng m lng s s dng thm cht in y (filling
compound). Cht in y khi s dng cn phi m bo:
-
Khng c, khng tc hi cho sc khe, khng c mi kh chu.
Khng dn in, chng nm mc.
Th nghim cht lm y: vi chiu di cp th 0,3m, th trong bung gia

nhit vi nhit 60 10C. Sau 24 gi ly mu th ra phi m bo cht lm
y khng b rt xung.
Thnh phn chu lc trung tm (si gia cng phi kim loi):
Thnh phn ny phi c c tnh:
-
m bo cho si quang khng b cng qu trong iu kin vn chuyn, lp t

v khai thc.
m bo mm do trong thi cng.
L thnh phn phi kim loi lm bng vt liu Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
c cu to trn u.
2. Cp quang ko cng: c lp t trong cc ng pi PVC chn ngm thng

thng s dng lm cp quang lin i/trm, cp quang cho cc t outdoor hoc trong
mng cp quang FTTx ng vai tr l cp quang gc v phi.Cu trc c bn ca si
cp quang ko cng c m t trong hnh v di:
Trang 20
Hnh 2.2. Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang ko cng
T hnh v trn, cu trc chung tiu biu ca mt si cp quang ko cng phi

bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau (tnh t ngoi vo trong):
V cp (Outer Sheath): phi tun th cc yu cu sau:
-

B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1.5 mm. i vi loi cp dung lng t 100F.O

tr ln ti thiu l 1.7 mm.

Dy Ripcord:
-
S lng: Ti thiu 1 si (di lp v cp ngoi).
Bng cht liu aramid, m bo chc tut v cp v d dng phn bit vi

cc thnh phn khc.
Bng chng nc (water blocking tape):

C cu to gm 1 lp bng Mylar bao bc bn ngoi li si cp quang, c tc
dng:
-
Ngn s xm nhp ca nc.
Khng dn in, cch nhit, kh chy, chng nm mc.
Thng thng, bn trong lp bng c i km thm thnh phn hp cht chng

nc xm nhp c ch to bng loi hoa cht c bit gi l Super Absorbent
Trang 21
Polymer vit tt l S.A.P.

y l thnh phn khng bt buc, t di lp bng Mylar chng nc l tp
hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia cng s cp gip tng kh nng chu
lc ca li si cp va c kh nng ngn hi m.
ng m (Buffer Tube):
-

Cc ng m c xp sp xon o chiu SZ theo trc ca si chu lc

trung tm.
Trong trng hp dung lng cp khng cho php s ng m to s trn

u cho si cp, yu cu s dng thm ng m ph (Filler Rod).

-

y khng b rt xung.
Thnh phn chu lc trung tm (si gia cng phi kim loi):
Thnh phn ny phi c c tnh:
-
m bo cho si quang khng b cng qu trong iu kin vn chuyn, lp t

v khai thc.
m bo mm do trong thi cng.
L thnh phn phi kim loi lm bng vt liu Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
c cu to trn u.
3. Cp quang thu bao (Drop Fiber):
Thng thng c treo trn ct s dng ko ti nh thu bao trong m hnh

FTTH. Cp quang thu bao thng c dung lng nh khong 2, 4, 6, 8 v 12 si.
Cp quang thu bao c s dng ko n nh thu bao chng hn: cc vn phng,
cng ty, doanh nghip, trng hc, ngn hng, nh dn,
Cu trc c bn ca si cp quang thu bao c m t trong hnh v di:
Trang 22
Hnh 2.4. Cu trc tiu biu cho si cp quang thu bao (drop fiber)
T hnh v trn, cu chung tiu biu ca mt si cp quang treo phi bao gm

cc thnh phn c bn sau (tnh t ngoi vo trong):
V cp (Outer Sheath): k c v bc si dy treo cp phi tun th cc yu cu
sau:
-

B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1.5 mm.

Dy treo cp: c cu to gm 1 si thp m km ng knh ti thiu 1.2

mm
L thnh phn bt buc, tp hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia
cng s cp gip tng kh nng chu lc ca li si cp va c kh nng ngn hi
m.
ng m (Buffer Tube):
-

Trang 23

-

y khng b rt xung.
4. Cp quang trong nh (Indoor Fiber): Cp quang trong nh c s dng

ko trong ni b cc i/trm, cao c, ta nh, vn phng . Cp quang trong nh c
cu trc tng t cp quang ko cng tuy nhin lp v bn ngoi (outer sheath) c
lm bng vt liu chng chy loi khng bt la Frame Retardant.
2. DY NHY QUANG (JUMPER CORD)

2.1. Gii thiu chung
Dy nhy quang c s dng u ni gia cc gi u ni quang vi nhau,
hoc t gi u ni quang ti thit b truyn dn.
Hnh 2.5: Dy nhy quang
Dy nhy quang phi c gn u ni quang hai u.
Chiu di khng nn vt qu 30m (theo TIA/EIA 568-B.1).
Si cp quang ch to dy nhy phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn v si

G.652D nh phn I cp i vi cp quang n mode.
u ni quang ch to si dy nhy phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn

ITU.T L.36 cho u ni quang nh phn V cp.
Suy hao khng vt qu 1 dB (bao gm suy hao si quang, suy hao u ni).
Kh nng tho ra lp vo ti thiu: 500 ln.
Si dy nhy quang c cu trc ng m cht vi ng knh l 900m 50 m.
Si dy bn lm bng vt liu aramid c tc dng gia cng kh nng chu lc v chng

Trang 24
thm nc.
V bc si dy nhy quang c mu vng, ng knh ti thiu 3mm (nu khng c yu

cu c bit) v c ch to t vt liu bo m khi chy khng lan ta v khng ta kh
Halogen dng LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen).
Trn si dy nhy quang cn phi ghi r cc thng tin chnh nh sau: Tn nh sn xut, tn
loi cp, chiu di ca on dy nhy, nm sn xut.
Hnh 2.6: Cu trc c bn ca si dy nhy quang
3. DY PIGTAIL
3.1. Gii thiu chung
Dy Pigtail c s dng u ni gia gi u ni quang vi phn cp quang
chy t ngoi vo hoc vi cc b phn thit b khc. Thng thng, dy nhy quang
c hn mt u , u cn li c gn u ni quang
Hnh 2.7: Dy Pigtail
Dy Pigtail phi c gn u ni quang mt u, u cn li c hn vi si cp

quang cn kt ni.
Si cp quang ch to Pigtail phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn v si

G.652D nh phn I cp i vi cp quang n mode.
u ni quang ch to si Pigtail phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn ITU-T
L.36 cho u ni quang nh phn V cp.
Chiu di khng nn vt qu 30m (theo TIA/EIA 568-B.1).
Suy hao khng vt qu 0.5dB (bao gm suy hao si quang, suy hao u ni).
Suy hao khi hn khng c vt qu 0.5dB.

Trang 25
Kh nng tho ra lp vo (cho pha c gn u ni quang) ti thiu: 500 ln.
Dy Pigtail c cu trc ng m cht vi ng knh l 900m 50 m.
Trn si dy Pigtail cn phi ghi r cc thng tin chnh nh sau: Tn nh sn xut, tn loi
cp, chiu di ca on dy nhy, nm sn xut.
4. GI U CP QUANG TRONG NH ODF

4.1. Gii thiu chung
Gi u ni cp quang l vt t dng kt cui cc si cp quang t mng
ngoi vo cng nh l ni xut pht i n cc thit b quang. V mt c bn, gi u
ni cp quang l thnh phn khng th thiu trong mng cp quang, gip cho vic u
ni cp quang gia cc thit b c m bo mt cch khoa hc, gn gng, d thao
tc v bo tr, bo dng.
Cng vi s pht trin mnh m v mt cng ngh p ng nhu cu ngy
cng gia tng ca khch hng, cc gii php trin khai mng da trn nn truyn dn
bng cp quang cng ra i (chng hn Fiber to the Home (FTTH)- cp quang n nh
thu bao, Fiber to the Building (FTTB)- cp quang n ta nh, Fiber to the Curb
(FTTB)- Cp quang ti va h). iu ny s t t dn n mt cc si quang u
ni ti cc i trm cng nh ti cc im phn b cp tr nn dy c v nhiu hn.
Chnh v vy, cc gi u ni cp quang cn phi c thit k t cht lng cao hn
v cc mt:
-
Mt u ni cao.
T chc cc thnh phn gn v khoa hc.
y cc ph kin u ni, lu tr si quang v dn cp t cht lng v n

nh.
D dng thao tc v bo dng.
Bo m cht lng truyn dn khng gy nh hng n cht lng truyn dn

ca cc thnh phn bn cnh khi thc thi cc thao tc ng/m, u ni cp
quang vi mt thnh phn no .
Bo m an ton cho ngi thi cng v thit b.
Nhn chung, gi u ni quang c rt nhiu loi, c th tm chia gi u ni

quang thnh 3 nhm chnh da trn dung lng u ni si quang nh sau:
Nhm dung lng thp bao gm cc loi gi t 48 si (48 F.O) tr xung nh

sau: 48 F.O, 36 F.O, 24 F.O, 12 F.O, 6 F.O. 4 F.O. Nhm ny thng c ch
to theo dng treo tng v c tn gi chung l ODF (Optical Distribution
Frame).
Nhm dung lng trung bnh bao gm cc loi gi ln hn 48 F.O cho ti 288
F.O (thng thng l bi s ca 48 F.O). Nhm ny cn phi c cu trc
Module lp trong cc Rack tiu chun ETSI v c tn gi chung l FTF (Fiber
Termination Frame).
Nhm dung lng cao bao gm cc loi gi ln hn 288 F.O cho ti hng ngn
F.O. Nhm ny cng cn phi c cu trc Module lp trong cc Rack tiu chun
ETSI v c tn gi chung l FTF (Fiber Termination Frame).
Trang 26

Bo m cc yu cu c bn sau:
-
i vi nhu cu lp t dung lng nh (< 48 F.O) th ch cn s dng gi u

ni quang theo tng module bnh thng (24 hay 12, 6 F.O), trong trng hp
ny c th s dng cc hp u ni quang dng treo tng c cu to gn nh
d thao tc.
Hnh 2.8: Hp u ni quang ph hp theo dng treo tng (ODF)
i vi vic u ni cp quang dung lng ln (t 48 F.O tr ln), cc gi u

ni cp quang phi c cu trc module v mi module c ch to lp t
ph hp trong cc rack theo chun ETSI v mt kch thc (cao x ngang [cho
cc Module] = 2,2m x 0,6m).
Hnh 2.9: Module u ni quang ph hp lp t theo kiu Rack ETSI
Cc hp u ni ODF v module FTF phi c thit k c kh chc chn bng

thp khng g v phi c sn tnh in bn ngoi. C th thit k thm kha
bo v cho cc gi u ni quang dng kn c cnh ca ng/m.
Cu trc c kh ca tng module u ni si quang FTF thng thng theo dng

bn l ng/m hoc ko ra/vo.
Thit k mi module phi c y cc thnh phn c bn (cc yu cu v

cc thnh phn c bn ny c p dng cho tt c cc gi u ni quang
dung lng thp cng nh cao):
Khay bo v mi hn, ni:

C th m ra, ng vo theo mt hng c xc nh trc v tuyt i khng
lm nh hng n cht lng ng truyn (mt lin lc, gy suy hao cng sut
quang,..).
Lu tr si quang trong khay hn:

Trang 27
Thng thng bo m bn knh cong si quang khng nh hn 30mm (nu khng

c yu cu thit k c bit).
Chiu di lu tr si quang (trong cc khay hn) cho php khng nn vt qu 2m
cho mi si.
ng dn cp:
Phi tch bit r rng gia ng cp vo v ng cp ra.
Dung lng u ni: ty theo nhu cu s dng c th cho php ln ti gn

2000 F.O (va hn v ni cho 1 rack cao 2.2m).
Hnh 2.10: Module u ni quang ng/m theo kiu bn l
Cc yu cu khc cho gi u ni quang dung lng ln

o Rack lp t c cu trc thit k m bo khng b ri cc si quang vi
nhau.
o Rack phi thit k cc ng cp vo v ra theo hai chiu ring bit,
ng thi phi c cc thnh phn lu tr si quang lp dc theo ng
cp vo/ra.
o Phi c thnh phn lu gi cc on dy nhy cp quang (Cable/Jumper
Storage). Kh nng lu gi c th ln ti 6m.
Hnh 2.11: Thnh phn lu tr si quang

Trang 28
Cc si nhy quang (patchcord dnh cho vic kt ni cho), cc si pigtail cn

c chiu di c nh v ging nhau c th s dng thun tin cho vic u
ni, nh tuyn, nhy quang trong cng 1 rack hay gia cc rack kt ni cho
(nu c yu cu thit k c th). Thng thng cc si ny c chiu di khng
nn qu 6m.
Cc Rack u ni cp quang dung lng ln (ln ti vi trm F.O) nn ch to

thm khay my hn v my o gip thun tin trong cng tc bi tr bo
dng.
Khi thit k gi u ni quang tp trung dung lng ln cn phi ch vic

thit k xy dng h thng mng dn cp nhm m bo cht lng si quang
v cht lng truyn dn trong qu trnh lp t cng nh khai thc s dng si
quang.
Hnh 2.12: Cu trc tiu biu ca mt Rack u ni quang dung lng cao (FDF) c cc
thnh phn lu tr si quang dc theo hai bn t
5. T U NI CP QUANG NGOI TRI

5.1. Gii thiu chung
T u ni quang ngoi tri l vt t t bn ngoi dng kt cui cc si cp
quang t pha nh cung cp dch v ti, sau s c phn b ti thu bao. V mt
c bn, t u ni cp quang l thnh phn khng th thiu trong mng cp quang khi
s lng cp quang pht trin v lan rng n cc khu vc tp trung, gip vic phn
b si quang n thu bao c khoa hc, gn gng, ng thi m bo cht lng,
an ton, d thao tc, lp t v bo tr, bo dng.
Thng thng cc t cp quang c th ch to t di lng ng trn cc
b beton hoc cng c th ch to dng tp im quang treo trn ct.
Thng thng cc t u ni cp quang ngoi tri gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:
V t bo v bn ngoi.
Trang 29
Thnh phn u ni si quang (ODF)
Hnh 2.13: T u ni quang ngoi tri tiu biu
Vt liu ch to v t phi lm bng nha composite c kh nng chu va p, bn cao

v chu c mi trng axt hoc dung mi ng thi c kh nng chu c cn trng
gm nhm. T phi c ca v ca t phi trang b kha bo v bn ngoi.
Yu cu i vi Thnh phn u ni si quang (ODF):
Cc hp u ni ODF c cu trc module v phi c thit k c kh chc chn bng

thp khng g v phi c sn tnh in bn ngoi.
Cu trc c kh ca tng module u ni si quang thng thng theo dng bn l

ng/m hoc ko ra/vo.
Thit k phi c y cc thnh phn c bn:

o C th m ra, ng vo theo mt hng c xc nh trc v tuyt i khng
quang,..).
Lu tr si quang trong khay hn:
o Thng thng bo m bn knh cong si quang khng nh hn 30mm (nu khng
o Chiu di lu tr si quang cho php khng nn vt qu 2m cho mi si.
ng dn cp:
o Phi tch bit r rng gia ng cp vo v ng cp ra.
Cc yu cu khc cho gi u ni quang

Cu trc thit k m bo khng b ri cc si quang vi nhau.
Thit k cc ng cp vo v ra theo hai chiu ring bit, ng thi phi c cc
thnh phn lu tr si quang lp dc theo ng cp vo/ra.
Phi c thnh phn lu gi cc on dy nhy cp quang (Cable/Jumper Storage).
Trang 30
Cc si nhy quang (patchcord dnh cho vic kt ni cho), cc si pigtail cn c

chiu di c nh v ging nhau c th s dng thun tin cho vic u ni, nh
tuyn, nhy quang trong cng module hay gia cc module kt ni cho.
C kh nng tch hp cc splitter (nu c yu cu thit k c th).
C thnh phn lu gi cc si nhy quang cha s dng (nu c yu cu thit k
c th).
Dung lng u ni: ty theo nhu cu s dng t 12, 24, 48 F.O (cho cc tp im
quang) cho ti 962 v 384 F.O (cho cc t quang gc hay phi).
6. MNG SNG CP QUANG

6.1. Gii thiu chung
Mng sng cp quang c dng lm ni u ni v bo v mi ni cp
chng li cc tc ng t bn ngoi (tc ng ca tia t ngoi, ha cht, kn hi, chng
thm nc, cn trng gm nhm). C th c ng dng trong cc trng hp:
-
Cp chn trc tip.
Trong b cp.
Treo trn ct.
Treo trn khng.

Ty thuc vo m hnh ng dng, mng xng u ni c th c cu hnh:
Ni thng.
R nhnh.
Kt cu cp vo/ra ca mng xng c th nh sau:
1 cp vo / 1 cp ra.
1 cp vo / 2 cp ra.
1 cp vo / 3 cp ra.
2 cp vo / 2 cp ra.
3 cp vo/ 3 cp ra
Hnh 2.14: Mng xng hn ni cp quang
Trang 31
Thng thng phi l loi mng xng c kh (nu khng c yu cu thit k c bit).
Phi c thit k n gin, d dng thi cng (khng i hi cc dng c c bit) v s

dng (ch cn 1 cng nhn c th thao tc ton b qu trnh lp t).
Vt liu ch to lm bng nha tng hp c kh nng chu va p, bn cao v chu

c mi trng axt hoc dung mi ng thi c kh nng chu c cn trng gm
nhm.
Thch hp cho cc si cp quang dng ng m lng hoc cp quang ribbon (ty yu cu).
Thit k phi c y cc thnh phn c bn:

C th m ra, ng vo theo mt hng c xc nh trc v tuyt i khng
quang,..).
Lu tr si quang:
Thng thng bo m bn knh cong si quang khng nh hn 30mm (nu khng
Chiu di lu tr si quang (trong cc khay hn) cho php khng nn vt qu 2m
cho mi si.
ng dn cp:
Phi tch bit r rng gia ng cp vo v ng cp ra.
Dung lng u ni: ty theo nhu cu s dng c th ln ti 1000 F.O.
7. U NI QUANG (OPTICAL CONNECTOR)

7.1. Gii thiu chung
u ni quang c s dng cho vic kt ni mt cch linh hot (c th tho ra, gn vo

d dng) gia cc si cp quang vi nhau. Thng thng cc u ni quang c lp t
trong cc hp u ni quang ODF, c s dng cho cc si dy nhy quang (2 u gn
u ni quang - jumper cord) hoc si Pigtail (1 u hn vi si cp quang t ngoi vo
hoc vi cc b phn thit b khc, u cn li c gn u ni quang).

7.2.1. Dng hnh hc ca phn tip xc ca u ni (end face finish):
Thng thng c 03 dng hnh hc chnh nh sau:
Dng PC (Physical Contact): dng tip xc theo hnh ng cong, thng thng c
bn knh cong thay i t 10 25mm. Loi tip xc ny c ng dng cho cc ng
dng truyn dn thng thng khng i hi nghim nght v thng s suy hao phn
x (chng hn dch v RF video).
Trang 32
Hnh 2.14: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc PC
Dng UPC (Ultra Physical Contact): dng tip xc theo hnh cong, thng thng c
bn knh cong thay i t 10 25mm. Loi tip xc ny cho suy hao phn x tng
i tt ( 55 dB) c th ng dng cho cc dch v RF Video.
Hnh 2.15: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc UPC
Dng APC (Angled Physical Contact): dng tip xc c vt nhn theo mt gc 8

hoc 9 0. Loi tip xc ny cho suy hao phn x thp nht ( 60dB) thng dnh cho
cc ng dng RF video
Hnh 2.16: Dng hnh hc ca u ni c tip xc APC
7.2.2. Yu cu k thut truyn dn cho cc loi u ni
u ni ST (Straight Tip):
o L loi u ni c pht trin bi cng ty AT&T, c cu trc giao tip u ni
theo kiu kha vn.
Hnh 2.17: u ni ST
o Ch yu c s dng cho cp quang a mode (multi-mode).
o p dng trong cc mng cp quang phc v trong cng ta nh hoc ni lin
Trang 33
cc ta nh vi khong cch khong vi trm mt.

o Yu cu suy hao xen vo (Insertion Loss) ti a: 0,35 dB.
o Suy hao phn x (Return Loss) ti thiu: 25 dB
o Yu cu s ln tho ra lp vo ti thiu 500 ln.
o Chp bt u khng nn s dng bng kim loi.
u ni SC (Subscription Channel):
o c s dng dnh cho cp quang n mode.
o L loi u ni dng push-pull.
o To kh nng linh hot trong thao tc.
Hnh 2.18: u ni SC
o Suy hao phn x (Return Loss):
Vi loi SC/PC: 50 dB (dnh cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn s liu thng
thng).
Vi loi SC/UPC: 55 dB (dnh cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn s liu v c
th chp nhn cho cc ng dng RF Video).
Vi loi SC/APC: 60 dB (s dng hon ho cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn
s liu thng thng v cho cc ng dng RF Video).
o Yu cu s ln tho ra lp vo ti thiu 500 ln.
u ni FC (Fiber Connector):
o c s dng dnh cho cp quang n mode.
Hnh 2.19: u ni FC
o Cu trc u ni theo dng vn ren.
Trang 34

o Suy hao phn x (Return Loss):
Vi loi FC/PC: 50 dB (dnh cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn s liu thng
thng).
Vi loi FC/UPC: 55 dB (dnh cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn s liu v c
th chp nhn cho cc ng dng RF Video).
Vi loi FC/APC: 60 dB (s dng hon ho cho cc ng dng thoi, truyn
s liu thng thng v cho cc ng dng RF Video).
o Yu cu s ln tho ra lp vo ti thiu: 500 ln.
8. B TCH GHP QUANG (SPLITTER/COMBINER HAY OPTICAL

NON-WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SPLITTER/COMBINER)
8.1. Gii thiu chung
B tch/ghpquang (sau y s gi chung l Splitter) l mt thnh phn th ng ca

mng cp quang, hot ng theo nguyn tc hai chiu: mt chiu (thng thng t nh
cung cp dch v n khch hng) c s dng phn chia tn hiu quang thnh nhiu
ng (hay cn gi l port) v chiu ngc li c s dng tp hp v ghp cc tn
hiu quang truyn v hng nh cung cp dch v (cng c th l nhiu ng hay port
ph thuc vo phng n bo v mng quang).
V c bn, Splitter quang c s dng tch/ghp tn hiu quang hot ng theo

nguyn tc tch/ghp cng sut tn hiu quang. Nguyn tc hot ng c m t theo s
di:
Hnh 2.20: Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca b Splitter
8.2. Tiu chun k thut (ch p dng cho b tch/ghp cng sut quang Optical
Non-Wavelength Selective Splitter/Combiner)
Mt cch tng quan, b tch/ghp cng sut tn hiu quang cn c ch to c
kh nng hot ng trong mt di bc sng rng, cu trc c kh gn v c bn
cao v mt c hc cng nh n nh cht lng di tc ng mi trng kh hu
nhit i.
Trang 35
8.2.1. V mt cng ngh ch to

B tch/ghp cng sut tn hiu quang c ch to t 02 hnh thc cng ngh
tiu biu chnh: Fusion Technology v cng ngh Planar Optics Technology. Tuy
nhin, hin nay cng ngh Planar Optics Technology c s dng rng ri trong
mng PON-FTTH ti cc nc G.7 nh s n nh v ng nht gi tr suy hao xen
trn di bc sng rng 1260 1650 nm v ti tng port ca b Splitter/Combiner.
Hnh v di s minh ha v tnh u vit i vi cng ngh Planar Optics Technology
so vi cng ngh Fusion Tehcnology
Hnh 2.21: Biu so snh suy hao xen gia 2 loi cng ngh ch to Splitter
T hnh v trn, r rng th hin hnh (a) cng ngh Planar Optics Technology
cho mc suy hao xen vo (insertion loss) kh n nh v tuyn tnh trn cc port v
ton di bc sng, ngc li cng ngh Fusion Technology th hin suy hao xen vo
khng ng u ti u ra ca mi port v khng ng u trn ton di bc sng.
8.2.2. V c tnh truyn dn
Thng thng, cc Splitter s dng trn mng bao gm cc loi sau: 1 x X ports
(loi thng thng) hoc 2 x X {nu c yu cu c bit} (th hin 1 hoc 2 port vo
v X port ra, trong X c th l: 4, 8, 16 v 32).
Mt cch tng quan, cc c tnh truyn dn sau cn phi xem xt khi la chn
b splitter:
-
Suy hao xen (Insertion Loss).
Suy hao phn x (Return Loss)
Di bc sng lm vic (Range of Operating Wavelength )
ng u v gi tr suy hao xen (Uniformity) c th hin qua gi tr suy

hao chnh lch ti a cho php gia cc port trong cng 1 splitter
Suy hao xen u gn (Directivity) th hin mc suy gim cng sut tn hiu cho
php ti thiu gia cng sut tn hiu phn x ngc ti u vo ca 01 port bt
k so vi cng sut tn hiu ngun tc ng ti u vo ca 01 port khc
Chnh lch suy hao ti a do nh hng bi cc trng thi phn cc

(Polarization-Dependent Loss gi tt l PDL)
C th cc thng s trn s c qui nh ty theo cc vng bc sng c ch

nh hot ng nh sau:
Trang 36
Di bc sng lm vic: 1260nm 1360nm
Bng 2.5: Cc thng s tiu chun k thut c s ca Splitter trong vng bc

sng 1260nm 1360nm

sng 1450nm 1650nm

sng 1260nm 1650nm
Trang 37
Chng 3. K THUT THI CNG CP QUANG

Khi t chc thi cng mt tuyn cp quang, n v thi cng cn chp hnh nghim tc
theo quy trnh 5 bc sau:
1. Nghin cu h s, bn v thi cng.
2. Kho st o c li trc khi thi cng
3. Lp phng n thi cng, ln tin cng trnh.
4. Trin khai thi cng.
5. Lp H s hon cng
6. Kim tra, nghim thu.
1. NGUYN CU H S BN V THI CNG

Vic nghin cu h s, bn v thi cng nhm phc v cho cc cng tc: Kho st
o c li trc khi thi cng, lp phng n thi cng hp l v ln tin thc hin
cng trnh. Cc ni dung cn nghin cu nh sau:
1.1. Phm vi thit k
-
Hin trng mng cp quang v truyn dn trong khu vc .
Mc ch xy dng v phm vi phc v ca cng trnh.
im u, cui v chiu di ca tng tuyn; a im b tr mi ni, ODF; cc

c im ring ca cng trnh;
c im a l ca khu vc thi cng ( th, nng thn, ng bng, rng ni,

sng h, m ly, )
Cc cng trnh xy dng kin trc, h tng k thut (in, nc, vin thng
khc) c lin quan.
Khi lng chung ca ton cng trnh (Chiu di ca cc tuyn cp, s lng
hm v cng cp, tr treo cp, tuyn rnh o t cp chn, s lng ODF,
mng sng,).
1.2. Phng n thit k

-
Phng n b tr tuyn cp, b tr r nhnh.
Phng n cng ngh (Cp, ph kin, thit b u cui, u ni, o th)
1.3. Vt t ch yu s dng trong cng trnh

-
Cp: Loi cp (dung lng; cu to cp, lut mu cp; nh sn xut; chiu di,
trng lng cun cp).
Mi ni: Loi mi ni; ph kin cho mi ni.
ODF: Loi ODF, loi connector, adapter (coupler); dy pigtail, dy nhy

quang,..
Cc loi vt t khc.
Trang 38
1.4. Cc yu cu v t chc thi cng

-
Cp trc khi a ra thi cng phi c kim tra v phn c v tr s suy hao.
Lp bin bn kim tra cc ch tiu suy hao v nh gi phn c lm c s cho
cng tc nghim thu sau ny.
B tr cp cho tng khong hm ng theo chiu di nh thit k quy nh.
Ti cc hm cp cha mi ni, phi d tr 15m cp cho hn ni, cp d tr phi

c cun li v t trn ke cp.
Trong qu trnh ra v ko cp trnh v cp b try hoc cp b xon, m bo

bn knh un cong ca cp phi tun th theo ch tiu a ra cho tng ng dng.
Thng thng bn knh un cong cho php ln hn 20 ln ng knh ngoi
ca si cp.
Trong qu trnh thi cng, nu c s c hoc khng th thi cng theo thit k,
phi c s phi hp gia n v thi cng, gim st thi cng, gim st A, thit k
a ra phng n gii quyt. n v thi cng khng c t thay i thit
k.
Khi thi cng, tuyt i trnh, khng c lm mt thng tin lin lc trn cc
tuyn cp khc ang hot ng.
2. KHO ST O T LI TRC KHI THI CNG

2.1. Kho st o c tuyn cp treo
-
Ghi nhn tnh trng a hnh b tr phng tin, dng c thi cng (ng vn
chuyn, v tr b tr xe, cu, r-mooc ko cp,)
o c li ton b tuyn ct theo thit k, loi ct v a ch hoc mc nh du

v tr ca tng ct, v tr ct gc, dy co,.
Ghi nhn tnh trng mng cp treo v cc thit b, cp khc hin hu trn ct
nh v im gi cp cho si cp quang s thi cng. Cn lu ghi nhn nhng
im c kh nng nh hng n qu trnh thi cng.
Ti nhng im phc tp cn lu nh giao l, im bng ng, ct c trm

bin p, ct gc, im d kin b tr mi ni, cn phi kho st rng thm ra
khu vc chung quanh xy dng phng n thi cng ph hp thc t.
V li s tuyn thi cng theo thc t kho st.
2.2. Kho st o c tuyn cp ngm

-
Ghi nhn tnh trng a hnh b tr phng tin, dng c thi cng (ng vn
chuyn, v tr b tr xe ko cp, cu, r-mooc ko cp,). Cn lu ti nhng
im quo gc ca tuyn cp hoc khong cch xa m cp s phi c ko ht
ln ming hm th tip.
o c li ton b tuyn hm cng theo thit k, ghi nhn chiu di thc t ca

tng khong hm, loi hm v a ch hoc mc nh du v tr ca tng hm.
Ghi nhn tnh trng mng cp hin hu trong cc hm (s lng cc tuyn cp

ang i trong hm, cc mi ni cp). nh v tuyn cng dnh cho si cp
quang s thi cng.

Trang 39
2.3. Kho st o c tuyn cp chn trc tip

-
Ghi nhn tnh trng a cht khu vc thi cng d tr phng n o rnh
thch hp.
o c li ton b tuyn rnh o theo v tr thc t (cn c theo thit k tuyn,

giy php o rnh do n v qun l giao thng cp).
nh v cc im t h ni (cn c theo thit k v chiu di cun cp), cc

im t cc mc. nh du trn thc t (bng sn, cc tiu, im mc, )
nhng v tr ny.
Ti nhng v tr c a hnh phc tp (ao h, sng sui, m ly, i ni,) cn

kho st rng ra khu vc chung quanh d tr phng n nn tuyn khi khng
th thi cng theo tuyn d kin ban u.
2.4. Kho st o c v tr lp thit b u cui

-
Ghi nhn tnh trng khng gian thc t ti phng b tr ODF, xc nh ng i

ca cp t hm nhp i vo n v tr ODF.
o c li chiu di m cp s i t hm nhp i vo n ODF.
Xc nh v tr s b tr my hn, my o trong qu trnh thao tc hn ni, o

th.
Xc nh nhng v tr giao ct, chng ln vi nhng tuyn cp khc d tr

phng n t cp ti u.
V li s ng i ca cp v v tr t ODF trong khng gian phng my.
3. LP PHNG N TIN THI CNG

3.1. Phng n, tin thi cng tuyn cp treo
-
Phng n lp t cc ph kin trn ct (bulng, st cnh, kp treo cp, mc

J,)
Xc nh a im b tr cun cp, cch thc ra cp, im cng cp.
B tr nhn lc, phn cng c th s lm trong qu trnh thi cng.
Phng n d phng trong trng hp gp tr ngi.
Phng n th cp cho tng cun cp.
Phng n hn ni cp ngoi tri (ni di t hoc ni trn khng).
Cc bin php gia c, bo v, nh du tuyn cp.
Xy dng bng tin thi cng c th cho tng cng on.
3.2. Phng n thi cng tuyn cp ngm

-
Phng n lp t t hp ng 34
Xc nh a im b tr r-mooc ko cp, v tr b tr xe hoc cu ko cp.
Xc nh cc im phn on cun cp gim lc cng khi ko cp.
Phng n th cp cho tng cun cp.
Phng n hn ni cp.
Trang 40
Cc bin php gia c, bo v, nh du tuyn cp.
3.3. Phng n thi cng tuyn cp chn trc tip :

-
Phng n o rnh v ti lp
Xc nh a im b tr cun cp, phng n ri cp xung rnh v gia c bo

v, bo hiu tuyn cp.
Phng n hn ni cp.
Xc nh cc im chn cc mc.
4. THI CNG TH CP
4.1. Thi cng cp th cng :
4.1.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng :
Vt t chnh:
-
Cp quang.
Mng sng hn ni.
Dy Pigtail.
Dy nhy quang.
ng co nhit (Heat shrink sleeve).
Adaptor.
Hp ODF.
ng nha PVC 110 hoc/v HDPE 34 mm.
Cht bi trn ko cp.
Phng tin:
-
Xe ti ko cp.
R-moc th cp
My nn hi dng bm thi dy mi.
Ring i vi b phn thi cng hn ni phi c 01 xe ti nh chuyn dng

ch dng c v thit b hn ni, o th. Ngoi ra, cng cn c phng tin vn
chuyn ng nha (PVC 110 hoc/v HDPE 34) ra cng trng.
Dng c thi cng:
Dng c thi cng trong cng trnh ny l tt c cc loi dng c dng thi cng
cp ngm v cc dng c chuyn bit thi cng cp quang.
4.1.2. Th t hp 03 ng 34 vo trong ng pi 110 :
Trang 41
Vi cp quang, do ng knh cp hin nay ti a khong < 25mm, tn

dng ht nng lc khng gian ca h thng ng Pi 110 hin hu, ngi ta
thng th vo lng ng 110 mt t hp 03 ng HDPE 34 (subduct), sau
s ko cp quang vo trong ng 34.
ng 34
ng 110
Hnh 3.1: T hp ng subduct 34
th t hp ng vo ng pi, ta dng my nn hi thi dy mi vo ng pi hoc

dng ghi lun dy mi vo ng pi. Sau , dng dy mi ko dy ti vo ng pi ko
t hp ng vo. Trnh t th ng nh trong hnh sau:
May nen kh
Ong pi 114
au chup dan hi
Du keo day moi
Cuon day moi
Hnh 3.2: Lun dy mi bng my nn khi
Xe ti keo cap
To hp ong
Day ti
Hng keo
Trang 42
Hnh 3.3: Ko t hp ng vo ng pi
Hnh 3.4: ng 34 sau khi th vo ng pi 110
4.2. Lun dy ti vo lng ng:

Tng t nh vic lun dy mi th ng, lun dy mi vo lng ng, ta c th
dng mt trong 02 cch:
-
Dng kh nn thi dy mi vo lng ng: Dy mi c ct vo que st c

vng m da chuyn dng. Que ny c a vo ng, u ng nha c ni
vi ng dn kh. My bm hi s thi vo ng mt lung hi vi p sut khong
3kg/m2, lung hi ny s p ln que y n i n u kia ca ng v ko
theo si dy mi sang.
Dng thanh ghi cun m sut chiu di ng nha, sau , ct dy mi vo

u ghi v ko li, dy mi s nm trong lng ng.
Sau khi lun dy mi vo ng, dy ti c ct vo mt u dy mi v ko

u kia a ti vo ng.
Trang 43
Hnh 3.5: Que st c vng m da chuyn dng
Ong dan hi
Ong nha 34
Luon g kh thoi vao
Day moi nha
Hnh 3.6: Thi dy mi vo lng ng

Cuon ghi
Hnh 3.7: Cng nhn y ghi vo lng ng
4.2.1. Ko cp vo ng
V tr t cun cp quang phi tun th theo ng Phng n thi cng c
vch ra m bo tnh kh thi v an ton ca cp (khng nn ko cp qua nhng
im cua ngot hoc ko mt khong cch qu xa v s lm hng cp).
Ko cp quang trong cng c th dng mt trong hai cch tc ng lc: ko bng
thnh phn chu lc trung tm hoc bng r ko cp.
Nu ko bng thnh phn chu lc trung tm, u dy ti ko cp c kt ni
vi li thp ny thng qua b b xon. Nu ko bng r ko cp, chic r ko cp
c chp vo u cp quang. V khi ko cng, dy ti c xu hng xon vng quanh
trc chnh n, nn cho cp khng b xon theo khi ko, r c ni vi ti ko cp
Trang 44
thng qua mt b b xon (twist compensator). Hai u ca b b xon ny c kh

nng xoay t do quanh trc ca n, nn khi dy ti b xon, b b xon vn gi cp
khng b xon theo.
Hnh 3.8: B b xon
Khi ko cp, tc ca ti ko cp phi c kim sot v lc cng khi ko phi

lun c kim sot m bo lc cng cho php ca tng loi cp.
gim ma st khi cp trt i trong lng ng, mt cht lng bi trn phi
c bm vo ng trc v trong khi ko cp. Cht lng bi trn ny thng thng l
poly-water, mt loi polyme ho tan c trong nc, hoc c th s dng paraphine
lng c nht cao.
Hnh 3.9: Ko cp quang trong cng
nhng v tr ngot tuyn hoc khi khong ko qu xa, lc cng vt mc cho

php, ti cc hm trung gian cp phi c ln ming hm, xp thnh hnh s 8 sau
ko tip. Vic ko cp ln ti cc hm ny phi c thc hin th cng khng
lm h cp.
Hnh 3.10: Xp cp hnh s 8

Trang 45
4.2.2. Gia c bo v cp
Cp quang v mi ni cp quang sau khi thi cng xong, ti v tr cc hm cp v
trong hm nhp i, cn c gia c bo v v nh du tuyn cp tin bo dng,
sa cha sau ny.
Phn cp d phng cn tha ti cc hm phi c cun gn li vi bn knh
vng cun theo quy nh R 20D, cc vng cun ny phi c buc li chc chn,
gi cht vo cc thanh cp trong hm.
Thanh cap
Moi noi
V tr treo the
ten tuyen
Mat at
Hnh 3.11: Xp t cp v mi ni trong hm
Cc th bng tn ca tuyn cp c ct vo cc v tr hai c cp t trong ng

pi ra v ti mi ni.
Ti nhng v tr cp i thng, th bng tn tuyn c treo mt bn cp ra khi
ng pi.
4.3. Thi cng cp treo
4.3.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng
Vt t: Tng t nh thi cng cp quang th cng, vic chun b vt t yu

cu phi c o th cp ti kho, quy nh im tp kt cp, kho ct gi cc loi
ph kin v vt liu khc. Cc loi vt t, vt liu chnh s dng trong thi cng
cng trnh gm:
o Cp quang loi treo
o Mng sng hn ni
o Dy Pigtail
o Dy nhy quang
o ng co nhit (Heat shrink sleeve)
o Adaptor
o Hp ODF
Trang 46
o Cc loi ph kin treo cp nh bulng, st cnh, kp treo cp,

Phng tin: Phng tin thi cng cng trnh cp quang treo n gin hn thi
cng th cng, gm : xe ti trung vn chuyn ngi v dng c, r-moc th
cp. Ring i vi b phn thi cng hn ni phi c 01 xe ti nh chuyn dng
ch dng c v thit b hn ni, o th.
Dng c thi cng: Dng c thi cng trong cng trnh ny l tt c cc loi
dng c dng thi cng cp treo v cc dng c chuyn bit thi cng cp
quang.
4.3.2. Th cp quang treo

Bc 1 : Lp t cc trang b trn ct treo cp:
Tu thc t loi ct trn tuyn, ti mi ct lp mt bulng c mc J v kp treo
cp.
Kep treo cap
Cap F8
Moc J
Hnh 3.12: Trang b mt bulng vi mc J v kp treo cp
Bc 2 : Ra cp v cng cp trn ct :
Do chiu di ca mt cun cp quang treo thng kh ln (t 2 6km), do ,
cn tnh ton ng nhng khong phn on cp th. Vic phn on cn c theo
a hnh thc t, tuy nhin, mi khong cng cp ch nn t 300m tr li d kim
sot trong qu trnh cng v cng khng to lc cng qu ln tc ng ln thn cp.
Trn on cn cng, sau khi cp c a ln mc J y cc ct ri mi cng
ln. Do cp quang nh v nh, nn ko cng bng sc ngi, sau dng ba lng ko
tng cng thm, khng nn dng xe ko hoc dng hon ton bng ba lng, d lm
dn cp.
Hnh 3.13: a cp ln mc J
Trang 47
Hnh 3.14: Dng sc ngi cng cp
Bc 3 : Treo gi cp trn ct :
Sau khi cp c cng n yu cu cn thit, vic treo gi cp trn ct
c thc hin ti cc v tr ct trung gian v ct cui cp.
Ti v tr ct trung gian, dy treo c kp vo rnh kp, cp nm bn di v
bn trong mc J (xem hnh 1.14). cc ct cui, dy treo kt cui vo kp, ti im
tch cp ra khi dy treo, phi c qun gi li bng bng inox 2,5mm, cp c
qun gn li thnh khoanh trn ng knh 20D v c buc chc chn trn thn
ct ch u ni.
Kep gi bang day inox
Khoanh cap ng knh > 20D
Hnh 3.15: Kt cui cp trn ct
4.3.3. Bo hiu bo v cp
Cp quang treo thng phi chu nhiu tc ng trc tip nn ca cc tuyn
cp khc i chung trn hng ct, s tc ng ca con ngi khi thc hin cc cng
vic khc,
Ti cc v tr ct gi cp, gia khong cp, cp bng ng, mi ni cp, cn
c treo cc bng bo hiu tuyn cp quang cnh bo i vi cng nhn khi thi
cng thao tc trn cc tuyn cp khc. Bng bo hiu lm bng nhm, trn bng ghi r
cc thng tin : Tn n v qun l, nhng khong bng ng, cn c thm hng
ch ghi r cao ca cp so vi mt ng.
4.4. Thi cng cp chn trc tip :
Cp quang c th c chn trc tip hoc t trong ng 40 ?(loi 2 mnh
ghp) chn di t. Cp chn trc tip thng c p dng cho cc tuyn ng
di lin huyn, lin tnh, xuyn quc gia.
Trang 48
4.4.1. Chun b vt t, phng tin, dng c thi cng :

Vt t: Cc loi vt t, vt liu chnh s dng trong thi cng cng trnh gm:
-
Cp quang loi chn trc tip c gia cng.
ng nha 40 hai mnh bo v cp.
Mng sng hn ni.
Dy Pigtail
Dy nhy quang
ng nhit co (Heat shrink sleeve)
Adaptor
Hp ODF
Di bng bo hiu chuyn dng.
Ct lt cp v ct lp.
Gch th (hoc tm b tng) bo v.
Sn xut cc mc.
Cc loi xi mng, ct, gch xy cc h ni.
Phng tin:
Phng tin thi cng cng trnh cp quang chn trc tip ch n gin gm xe
ti c r-moc vn chuyn cp v xe ch ngi, cc loi vt t ra cng trng. Ring
i vi b phn thi cng hn ni phi c 01 xe ti nh chuyn dng ch dng c v
thit b hn ni, o th.
Dng c thi cng:
Dng c thi cng trong cng trnh ny l cc loi dng c o p t v cc
dng c chuyn bit thi cng cp quang.
4.4.2. Th cp quang chn trc tip :
Bc 1 . o rnh t cp :
-
Tu theo thit k quy nh cho tng tuyn cp v tng v tr trn tuyn m rnh
c su thch hp. Tuy nhin, mt rnh cp chn trc tip v vic b tr cp,
cc lp ct lt, ct lp v t ti lp thng thng c quy nh nh trn hnh
3.17.
Trang 49
400
Cat lap
Bang trai bao hieu

Gach the
bao ve
Cap quang
Cat lot
300
Ong nha
34
Hnh 3.16: Rnh chn cp trc tip
Bc 2. Ri cp xung rnh v chn lp :

-
Sau khi o rnh cp ng su v chiu rng theo quy nh, vi chiu di

thng thng t 1 2 km, vic ri cp c thc hin.
Trc khi t cp xung rnh, trc tin phi ri mt lp ct lt ht mn khong

10 cm. Sau , tu theo thit k, cp c ri trc tip hay bc trong ng hai
mnh v t ln lp cp lt, sau lp ln trn mt lp ct mn dy 10 cm.
Cn lu khi t cp trn lp ct lt phi m bo cp nm trn mt mt phng

tng i, khng b nn un cong cp, lm tng suy hao trn tuyn cp.
Trn lp ct mn, xp gch th hoc tm an b tng bo v (tu thit k), trn

lp gch bo v tip tc tri lp bng bo hiu. Bng bo hiu c sn xut sn
chiu rng 153 3 mm, di 200 m/cun, trn c in ch bo hiu c cp
quang bn di (ni dung in c th mc nh hoc do ch u t yu cu).
Hnh 3.17: Cun bng bo hiu
Trn lp bng bo hiu l lp ct lp bng loi ct ht to, b dy khong mt

mt, trn cng ca rnh c lp li bng t tr li tnh trng ban u.
Trang 50
Bc 3. Chn cc mc :
-
Tuyn cp chn sau khi hon thnh phn lp t hon tr mt bng, phi
c chn cc cc mc nh du dc theo tuyn. Cc mc l cc tr b tng
sn xut sn, quy cch (rng x di x cao) 158 x 250 x 720 mm, chn 258 x
350 x 100 mm, nh mc sn , thn mu vng, ch mu en. Thng tin ghi
trn mc gm: Tn n v, Tn tuyn cp, S cc mc. Cc c chn su 0,5
m, khong cch gia hai cc l 100 200 m. Ti cc v tr un cong hoc b
gc, mc chn hai u on cong hoc on gc.
Hnh 3.18: Ct mc ch tuyn dng cho tuyn cp quang
Ring ti v tr cc h ni, hai pha u vch h s c chn hai cc mc

nh du h ni.nh s mc theo quy tc hng t trm trung tm ln n
trm cui cng ca tuyn cp, trong tng on lp c nh s ring bit,
ra trm l mc s 1, kt thc l s mc nhp trm lp hoc trm u cui lin
k, k tip ra trm l s 1, tng t nh vy cho n trm cui cng ca
tuyn cp. Hai mc cp ti h ni c nh mt s v thm ch s /1, /2 (V d:
123/1, 123/2)
5. KIM TRA NGHIM THU

Thc hin theo Quy phm xy dng mng ngoi vi 68 QP-01: 04-VNPT
6. LP H S HON CNG
Thc hin theo Quy phm xy dng mng ngoi vi 68 QP-01: 04-VNPT
Trang 51
Chng 4. AN TON LAO NG TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG

CP QUANG
1. QUY NH ATL KHI THI CNG CP QUANG TRONG H THNG
HM CNG CP:
1.1. Cc quy nh an ton cho ngi:
Trc khi thi cng , trc khi ra hin trng Cn b ph trch (t trng, nhm
trng) phi thc hin:
-
Kim tra li ton b trang b phng h c nhn, nu c nhn no khng trang b

y trang b phng h c nhn khng c php ra cng trng.
Nhc nh cc Quy nh: An ton v in, An ton xy dng, Quy trnh thi cng
cc quy nh an ton chung ca Ngnh v Vin thng TP.HCM ban hnh cho
ton t thi cng v xem xt nhng vng mc tr ngi khu an ton trong qu
trnh chun b thi cng v trin khai thi cng.
Tai hin trng phi thc hin:

-
t ro cn, bin bo cng trng ti khu vc thi cng theo quy nh ca S

Giao thng Cng chnh, trng hp thi cng ban m phi trang b n bo
hiu.
C ngi hng dn xe lu thng ti on ng ang thi cng.
Thng thng bn trong hm cng cp lu ngy cha y kh r r t cc ng dn,

kh mtan c to t nc thi, cc cng nhn thi cng trong hm cp c th b nhim
c khi ht phi cc kh c nu trn, do khi thi cng trong hm cng cp cn phi:
-
p dng bin php trit v thng thong hm bng cch s dng my qut
thi gi m bo thng thong kh lin tc trong thi gian ang thi cng
trong hm cng cp.
M np hm cp khong 5 n 10 pht trc khi c ngi xung hm.
Khng ht thuc, s dng cc cht d gy chy n bn trong hm cp.
Cn thn trng trong khi bm nc ra khi hm cp. Trng hp ti hm cp c cc

tuyn cp ngm in cao, trung th i chung phi xc nh v nh gi nhng nguy him
c th xy ra. Kim tra thang, tay vn cc ke gi phi m bo chc chn.
Khi thi cng cp si quang phi tun th cc quy nh an ton:
-
Tt cc ngun pht trc khi lm vic vi cc si quang lin quan.
Khng c nhn vo u si quang v tia lazer trong si quang khng nhn thy
c th gy tn thng nghim trng vi mt ngi.
Phi thn trng trong lc tch cp, ct cp quang; phi s dng knh, gng tay
bo h trnh cc mnh vn rt sc c th bn vo mt hoc ghim vo da, phi
thu dn ngay cc mnh vn si quang vo hp cha c np y.
Trang 52
Trong lc thao tc cp quang phi thn trng: khng cp xon, tht gt;
khng c dn p, qung qut; khng xe c gii cn qua v cc si thy
tinh trong cp quang c th b gy, gy nguy him cho ngi thi cng v nh
hng n cht lng thng tin.
Ko cp quang trong ng ch yu ko bng tay, trng hp ko cp bng tay

qu kh mi s dng my ko cp v ko vi tc chm, thng xuyn cho
cht bi trn vo ng tip cp v cc v tr chuyn ng, ni tip xc c ma st
v cc v tr un cong nhm gim lc ko m bo an ton cho ngi thi cng
v cht lng si cp.
Nhng cng vic s dng in phi c trang b loi thit b, dng c c bo

h chng in git.
1.2. Cc quy nh an ton cho vt t:

-
Vt t (ng dn cp, cp quang...) v cc dng c thi cng khc: bin bo cng

trng, my o, g , dng c xy dngkhi tp kt ti cng trng trc
khi thi cng phi c t ng ni quy nh, gn gng, che y cn thn m
bo an ton cho vt t v ngi s dng.
Phi c bin php m bo hm ng c kh ro.
Quy nh khong cch nh nht gia ng cng cp vi cc cng trnh ngm khc.
Trng
thi i
Khong cch nh nht n cc cng trnh ngm khc (m)

ng ng nc, c ng (mm)
gn ca
ng
cng cp
300
300
Cng
Cc ng
Cp
nc thi
dn kh,
in lc
xng du
400
400
Song song
1,5
0,6
0,6
Giao cho
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,3
0,5
2. QUY NH ATL KHI THI CNG CP QUANG TREO:

2.1. Cc quy nh an ton cho ngi:
Trc khi thi cng: trc khi ra hin trng Cn b ph trch (t trng, nhm
trng) phi thc hin:
-
Kim tra li ton b trang b phng h c nhn, nu c nhn no khng trang b

y trang b phng h c nhn khng c php ra cng trng.
Nhc nh cc Quy nh: An ton v in, An ton xy dng, Quy trnh thi cng
cho ton t thi cng v xem xt nhng vng mc tr ngi khu an ton trong
qu trnh chun b thi cng v trin khai thi cng.
Ti hin trng phi thc hin:

Trang 53
Trc khi ln ct phi trang b y phng h lao ng. Cc dng c thi cng
phi m bo trong tnh trng cch in tt. Kim tra r r in ti cc ct
in v cc thit b trn ct. Kim tra cc tuyn dy cp l i chung trn ct.
Khng c thi cng khi tri ang ma.
Khi thi cng gn cc tuyn in lc trung, cao th phi ch n khong cch

an ton. Khng n gn ng dy in hoc dng c thang, thit b vi phm
hnh lang an ton li in.
Ct tt c cc ng in xung quanh nu xt cn thit theo ng quy nh an

ton v in.
Mi ngi tham gia thi cng phi c o to k cc cng vic cng ko dy

trn ct v phi c sc khe tt.
Ch c php mang giy vi, cao su khi thi cng cp quang treo.
Khi leo cao phi ch kim tra:
Cc bc thang tay vn c, lng lo.
Cc thit b leo tro b thiu, k c dy an ton.
B mt tip xc ch chn b trn.
Chn thang phi t chc chn, trnh ch t ln, khng bng phng trn trt
v phi c ngi gi thang.
Khi leo thang khng cm dng c vt liu trn tay khng c ng vo gc

ca ng dy.
Cc dng c vt liu phi c dy thng, rng rc ko ln hoc a xung,

khng c tung nm. Dng c phi phi c t trong bao ng chc chn,
khng c trong ti qun hoc gt trn ct, mi nh
Cho d ch lm vic vi khong thi gian ngn cng phi trang b dy an ton,
dng c, thit b an ton
Khi c ngi lm vic trn cao, khng b tr ngi lm vic ngay bn di v

phi cnh gii ngi qua li.
2.2. Cc quy nh an ton cho vt t:

-
Khng lp t cp trong iu kin tri ma, m t.
Phi ni tip t dy treo cp bng kim loi khi thi cng trong khu vc gn cc
ng dy in lc.
Khi lp t cp treo phi ch cao ti thiu ca cp tnh t mt t khng

cn tr giao thng:
Khong cch quy nh tuyn cp phi treo vi cc ng dy v kin trc khc:
Loi ng
cao ti thiu ca cp tnh t mt t (m)
Vt qua ng t khi:
+ Khng c xe cn trc i qua
4,5
+ C xe cn trc i qua
5,5
Trang 54
Vt qua ng st:
+ Trong ga ng st
7,5
+ Ngoi ga ng st
6,5
Vt qua ng tu in, xe
in hoc xe but in
Vt qua ng thy c tu b
qua li bn di
Vt qua ng, hm khng c
xe t i bn di
Dc theo ng t
3,5
Cc cng trnh c nh
Khong cch quy nh tuyn cp phi treo vi cc ng dy in lc:

Khong cch thng ng ti thiu (m) khi:
in p ca cp in
lc (kV)
ng dy in lc c
trang b dy chng st
ng dy in lc
khng trang b dy
chng st
n 10
n 35
n 110
n 220
n 500
Cho php cp thng tin treo chung ct vi ng dy in lc h th (c in p

nh hn 1000V) vi cc iu kin sau:
Dy in lc phi i trn dy cp thng tin.
Dy treo cp thng tin phi trang b tip t, khong 250m/1 ln tip t.
in p ca cp in lc (kV)
Khong cch thng ng ti thiu (m)
n 1
1,2
n 22
Trn 22
Khng c treo cp vin thng

Trang 55
Khong cch quy nh tuyn cp phi treo vi cc ng dy truyn thanh (ng

dy thng tin phi i bn di ng dy truyn thanh).
Loi ng dy truyn thanh
Khong cch ti thiu (m)
ng dy loa c in th 15 n 30 (V)
0,6
ng dy phn phi truyn thanh c

in th 120, 240, 360 (V)
1,25
3. QUY NH ATL IN KHI THI CNG CP QUANG NGM, TREO:

3.1. Khi nim c bn v an ton in:
Chn thng do in:
Bng in: do dng in qua c th hay do tc ng ca h quang in.
Du vt in: Dng in chy qua to ra du vt trn mt da ti im tip xac vi
in cc.
Co git c: dng in qua ngi lm cc c co git.
Vim mt: tia cc tm tia hng ngoi ca h quang in gy vim mt.
in git gy nh hng c th vi mc khc nhau:
C co git nhng ngi khng b ngt.
C co git ngi b ngt nhng vn duy tr h hp, tun hon.
Ngi b ngt, hot ng ca tim h hp ri lon.
Cht lm sng (khng th, h tun hon khng hot ng)
Tc dng ca dng in vo c th : Dng in c th tc ng bn ngoi nh phng
in h quang. Trng hp chung dng in c th gy cht ngi c tr s khong
100mA, tuy nhin c trng hp khong t 5 n 10mA dng in gy cht
ngi do mi trng ni xy ra tai nn, tnh trng sc khe, thi gian dng in tip
xc
X l v cp cu ngi b in git: khi c ngi b in git phi nhanh chng tm
mi cch cu nn nhn, tin hnh cng nhanh th t l cu sng cng cao:
in git trong 01 pht tch in ra khi ngi s cu t l sng khong 98%.
in git trong 06 pht tch in ra khi ngi s cu t l sng khong 10%.
Tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in: nhanh chng ct ngun in bng cc thit b ct
in gn nn nhn nh cng tc, cu dao. Ch :
Nu nn nhn trn cao phi hng khi h ri.
Trang 56
C th s dng ba, km, dao c cn cch in ct in.

Cp cu ngay nn nhn sau khi tch khi ngun in, cn c tnh trng sc khe x
l cho thch hp:
Trng hp nn nhn cha mt tri gic (ch m man, th yu): t h ni thong
kh, yn tnh v cp tc gi cp cu hoc chun n bnh vin gn nht.
Trng hp nn nhn mt tri gic (cn th nh, tim p yu) t h ti ni thong
kh yn tnh ni rng qun o, dy lng, thng thong ming cho nn nhn, cho
ngi amoniac, xoa bp, mi bc s.
Nn nhn tc th (tim ngng p, ton thn co git nh cht) t nn nhn ni
thong kh bng phng, ni rng qun o dy lng, lau sch mu, nc bt v cht
bn thng thong ming cho nn nhn tin hnh h hp nhn to kt hp xoa bp
lng ngc kin tr ti khi c bc s n c kin quyt nh mi c ngng.
Trang 57
Chng 5. K THUT HN NI SI QUANG

1. MC CH:
Sau khi hon tt vic ko cp quang theo phng n thit k, vic k tip l phi thc
hin hn ni ti cc im to mi ni , ti cc t cp, tp im cp v ti ODF i/Trm
Mc nh ni thng cc im v to mt ng truyn dn lin tc t i n i, t i ra
t cp, t t cp n tp im v ti nh khch hng.
2. GII THIU MT S DNG C THI CNG HN NI CP QUANG:

thc hin thi cng hn ni cp quang, ngi ta phi s dng mt s dng c
chuyn dng thi cng.
Hnh 5. 1. B ngh thi cng cp quang
2.1. Dng c ct dc si cp:
Hnh 5.2. Dng c ct dc si cp quang
Vi dng c ny, ta s d dng to nhng ng ct dc thn cp trn on cn

m v vi su va , khng chm vo cc thnh phn bn trong.
Trang 58
2.2. Dng c tut ng m

ng m lng c ch to bng nha tng hp, c c tnh dai khi ko theo
chiu dc, nhng dn khi b theo chiu ngang. Tt c cc dng c tut ng m u
c mt nguyn tc hot ng nh nhau : l ct mt c vng quanh thn ng
(nhng khng vo n bn trong lng ng v s ct vo si quang bn trong), sau ,
dng tay b nh, ng m s gy ri ra theo ng ct.
Hnh 5.3. Dng c tut ng m
Trnh t tut ng m:
-
Cp dng c tut ng m v ct vng quanh thn ng
Dng tay b nh ng m ti ni ct
2.3. Dng c tut lp v bc si quang:

lm tan cht liu epoxy bc si quang, ngi ta c cc cch thc hin nh
sau:
Phng thc s dng ho cht: Phng php ny hin nay t c s dng do
Trang 59
ho cht (acetone) thng khng ty sch hon ton lp bc. Vi phng thc
ny, ho cht c pht ln lp bc si phn cn thit, khong 3 pht cho
phn ng ho hc c tc dng, sau dng giy mn lau nh thn si, lp bc b
mm s bc ra khi si.
Phng thc dng km tut hoc dng c tut chuyn dng: Phng php ny
c s dng nhiu nht cho si quang ri, vic tut lp bc thc hin cho tng
si. Vi dng c tut lp bc chuyn dng ta c th chn tng loi theo ng
knh si 250m hoc900m. Vi phng thc dng km tut, i hi thao tc
ca ngi cng nhn phi kho lo, thnh tho v chuyn nghip, v khi tut lp
bc, khng cho php phm vo si quang bn trong.
Hnh 5.4. Cc loi dng c chuyn dng v km tut lp bc
Phng thc tut lp bc bng nhit: Phng php ny c s dng cho cp

ribbon, my tut lp bc hot ng bng in. Ribbon si c t vo my
ng v tr cn thit, sau cho dng in qua my, nung nng chy phn lp
bc nm trong my v sau c vut ra khi si thu tinh.
Hnh 5.5. Dng c tut si quang bng nhit
2.4. Dng c ct si quang:

C nhiu loi dng c ct si khc nhau, nhng nguyn l hot ng chung vn
l dng li dao kim cng hoc ceramic vch ngang thn si ti im cn ct, sau
nh nh ln v tr lm gy si. Trong thao tc ct si, yu cu ngi cng nhn
phi thc hin theo ng trnh t thao tc ca tng loi dng c, thao tc nh nhng,
nhng dt khot khng lm u si b m khi nh gy si quang.
Trang 60
C IM:
lch gc ct tiu biu < 50 vi tin cy cao

nht v phn tn thp di iu kin lm vic ti cng
trng
D dng vi mt bc thao tc ct : Kp gi, b

cong, lm xc, ct ch vi mt ng tc.
Li dao kim cng cho cht lng mt ct cao,

tui th cao (Thng thng > 10.000 ln ct)
C th thay c cc rnh t si
Dao ct t b nh hng bi bn v cc tc ng
bn ngoi, d lm sch.
Hnh 5.6. Dao ct s quang A8

C IM
lch gc ct tiu biu < 0,50 vi tin cy

cao nht v phn tn thp di iu kin lm vic ti
cng trng
D dng vi mt bc thao tc ct : Kp gi, b
cong, kha, ct ch vi mt ng tc.
Bn trt : D dng a si vo, nh v v ly

si ra an ton.
Li dao kim cng cho cht lng ct cao

nht, tui th cao (Thng thng > 10.000 ln ct)
Chiu di ct ca si : 3.5 n 15mm
ng knh ca si : 125m danh nh
ng knh lp bo v : n 900m
C th iu chnh ct c nhng si c sc
chu cng c tng cng, v d nh si bc
titanium.
Cht lng mt ct t b nh hng do bi v cc
tc ng bn ngoi.
Hnh 5.7. Dao ct si quang D6
3. GII THIU MT S PHNG PHP HN NI CP QUANG:

Hin nay, ngi ta thng p dng cc phng thc hn ni:
-
Ni kt dnh c kh;
Ni bng ng ni n hi;
Ni bng dng c giao tip quang trn FBA;
Ni bng mi ni c kh Camsplice;
Ni bng khp ni;
Hn nng chy si quang bng h quang in.

Trang 61
Mi phng php hn ni c nhng c im ring, suy hao tng ng v c

ng dng ty theo yu cu suy hao m ngi ta p dng phng php u ni ph hp.
3.1. Ni kt dnh c kh:
Nguyn tc thc hin: Phng thc ni da trn c s t cn chnh ng trc
ca cc u si quang khi t trn rnh V. Sau khi cc si quang c ct
theo chiu di, hai si quang cn ni c t ln ca b ni c rnh ch V.
Sau khi y cho hai u si tip xc st nhau, ti v tr tip gip s c nh
mt git keo c nh. Cui cng l lp cc b phn c kh bn ngoi kp
gi, gia c mi ni.
c im ca phng php ni kt dnh c kh: Phng php ny thc hin
bng nhn cng, iu chnh bng phng tin th s nn chnh xc khng
cao. suy hao ca mi ni kt dnh cao khong 0,2dB. Phng php ny t
c s dng, ch p dng vi nhng trng hp chp nhn suy hao cao.
Hnh 5.8: Mi ni kt dnh c kh
Hnh 5.9. Dng c lp rp mi ni v mi ni c kh hon chnh

Trang 62
4. VT T PH KIN TRONG HN NI CP SI QUANG

4.1. Mng sng ni cp quang
4.1.1. Mng sng UCAO:
Mng sng UCAO (Mng sng a
dng truy cp nhanh cho cp quang) l
dng c bo v cc mi ni si quang
khi b tc ng ca mi trng. Ngoi
ra n cn gim sc cng trn cp, l ni
cha ng m v si quang d phng.
C th dng vi cc loi v cp thng
dng chng li s nh hng ca
mi trng, n c th c chn trc
tip, t trong h cp v treo.
C thit k gn, rt thch hp cho
vic ni v phn phi cp c dung
lng t thp n trung bnh. Do kh
nng m ra ng li d dng, nn n rt
thch hp cho mng cp truy nhp.
c im
-
Thch hp cho cp chn trc tip, lun ng v treo
C th ni thng v r nhnh
Tip cn nhanh chng v d dng n tng khay cha mi ni
Dung lng ti a 60 si quang
Bng cao su chng thm c lm bng silicon c th ti s dng.
4.1.2. Mng sng UCNP:

H mng sng UCNP c thit
k bo v mi ni quang, cha ng
m d phng cho cp quang. Mng
sng c dng cho cc loi mng cp
nh treo, lun ng hoc chn trc tip
hoc theo cp mng nh mng kt
ni, r nhnh, phn phi hoc truy
nhp.
c im
-
Thch hp cho cc mng cp quang, c cc loi cp ct v khng ct;
Tip xc mi ni nhanh v d dng khng cn bt c dng c c bit no;
D dng v nhanh chng lp t cp r nhnh khi c yu cu, khng cn n

dng c chuyn dng;
C ba kiu b tr si quang trong mng sng;
Nhiu kch c dung lng n 540 mi ni.

Trang 63
4.2. ODF:
4.2.1.
FO12-WSC
Khung phn phi cha n 12 si

quang, 12 u ni v u giao tip
kiu ST, FC v SMA
Thit k c bit cho u ni c

lp ngoi hin trng
Thit k nh gn
2 ca ring bit c kha cho 2 ngn

ring: cp / mi ni v ngn s dng
/ dy nhy quang
C th m rng sau ny (2 x F012WSC = dung lng cho 24 si)
4.2.2.
FO24-WSCM
Khung phn phi si quang n 24

si, 24 u ni v u giao tip c
sp xp trn 4 bng cha u ni hay
m-un u ni cha 6 u giao tip
cho mi phin
khng gian cho 3 khay cha mi

ni tiu chun
2 ca ring bit c kha cho cp /

ngn mi ni v ngn s dng / dy
nhy quang
Thm lp lm kn ngn m v bi
C th m rng sau ny (2 x F024WSCM = dung lng cho 48 si)
4.3. Khay cha mi ni:

Dng cha mi ni quang c kh hoc mi ni
h quang cng nh si quang d phng. Hai ng m
cha si quang c th c c nh ti mt trong 4 u
vo ca khay. d dng tip cn mi ni, ch nn
cha ti a 12 mi ni trong mt khay. Chiu di si
quang d phng nn l 1200mm v c cha trong
khay. ng knh cong ca si quang trong khay t 6080mm m bo si khng b tng lc cng v suy hao.
Kiu sp xp si quang E vi kiu tip cn khay
n, mi khay c mt np nha trong sut bo v
gn trn khay.
Cn c cc thit b bo v gi mi ni trong
khay.
Trang 64
4.4. Lc gi mi ni:
bo v mi ni an ton trong khay, dng lc
khc nhau cho loi bo v mi ni khc nhau.
Lc gi mi ni c d dng gn vo khay - 1
lc cho 12 thanh kp bo v hay 2 lc cho 6 ng co
nhit bo v.
Mt loi lc khc c dng gn 5 ng co nhit
bo v mi ni cho si dp gp t 4 si quang hoc 5 mi
ni c kh Camsplice.
Mt khay cha mi ni chun c th cha 2 lc gi
mi ni nu trn.
4.5. ng co nhit bo v mi ni:
ng co nhit bo v mi ni lm tng bn
cho mi ni, khng b tc ng ca mi trng v
khng b h hng. ng co nhit bo v mi ni cho
si n thch hp cho cc mi ni si quang n c
ng knh lp bo v 250-900m v chiu di si
quang tut v l 40mm.
4.6. Cabinet phn phi, t cp v tp im quang:
Hnh 5.10 Module u ni quang lp trn gi 19
Hnh 5.11 T cp quang
Trang 65
Hnh 5.12 Tp im cp quang
4.7. Dy pigtail v dy nhy quang:

Pigtail chnh l cp quang ng m kht vi mt si quang duy nht c bc
bng cc lp bc mm gm t, nha mm, mt u si c gia cng sn u
connector, u cn li dng ni vo u si quang ca cp.
Dy nhy quang c cu to ging nh pigtail, nhng c hai u u c gia
cng sn u connector. Dy nhy quang c s dng trong nhng trng hp
kt ni t ODF n thit b, t ODF n my o (khi o th cp), u ni cho cc
tuyn cp.
Hnh 5.13 Dy Pigtail v dy nhy quang
4.8. Cc loi connector v Adaptor:
FC
FC adaptor
SC
ST adaptor
ST
SC adaptor
LC
SC/ST
adaptor
LC adaptor
Hnh 5.14Cc loi u ni quang

Trang 66
5. THI CNG HN NI CP QUANG:

5.1. Nguyn tc chung:
Yu cu chung i vi cng tc hn ni l phi m bo cht lng suy hao qua
mi hn l thp nht (theo quy phm xy dng mng ngoi vi VNPT l <0.1dB cho
cp n mode v 0.2 dB cho cp a mode) v mi ni sau khi hon tt phi m bo
c gia c bo v chc chn, n nh v mt c hc, sc chu ng tc ng mi
trng trong thi gian lu di.
mi hn si quang c suy hao thp, khi thao tc hn, cn tun th
cc nguyn tc sau:
-
m bo chnh xc v chiu di ca cc thnh phn cu to.
m bo s sch s (khng vng bn t) ca u cp v phn m v thao

tc hn.
Mi trng hn ni sch s, t c gi, bi.
Si quang sau khi chut lp bc mu phi c chi sch bng cn trc khi ct.
Mt ct u si phi phng, sch, vung gc vi trc tm si, nghing mt ct

0,80.
Chng trnh v cc thng s ca chng trnh hn phi c chn ng vi loi

si cn hn.
Trc khi hon tt mt mi hn hoc ton b mi ni, phi m bo mc suy hao

trn tng si phi t gi tr thp nht.
5.2. Trnh t hn ni cp bn ngoi:

5.2.1. Cng tc chun b:
-
Bm nc, v sinh hm, cp, nh v mi ni trong hm hoc trn ct.
Tu theo loi mng sng, ta bc cc lp v cp theo ng quy nh v chiu di

ca tng thnh phn cu to cp.
Lm v sinh sch s phn u cp v a vo c nh trn khay gi mi hn, c

nh vo v mng sng.
B tr mt b phn trong i, dng my o OTDR o th suy hao cc mi

hn sau khi hn.
5.2.2. Chun b my hn:

-
Chun b mt bng t my sch s, kh ro, khng c bi bm, khng rung

ng v trnh nh nng, ma.
Lau chi, v sinh my trc khi cm ngun.
Sp sn cc vt dng cn thit (giy chi, cn, dng c ct si, ng co nhit,)

nm trong tm tay, v tr thch hp.
5.2.3. Thao tc hn:

-
Lng ng co nhit (heat shrink sleeve) vo mt bn si.
Chut phn v bc mu ca si quang cn hn, chi sch bng giy tm cn.
Ct si quang bng dng c ct, thc hin ng cc thao tc quy nh c

Trang 67
mt ct tt.
-
t si quang vo my hn, thao tc theo trnh t vn hnh my.
Sau khi si quang hn xong, ghi nhn thng bo suy hao trn mn hnh. Tuy
nhin, vn mi hn trn my, thng bo b phn o u xa (thng thng
l trong i) o th suy hao mi hn bng my OTDR. Khi c thng bo t yu
cu ca b phn o th, mi d mi hn ra khi my, lng ng co nhit vo v
t vo l nung lm ng co li, bc kn phn thu tinh l ra, bo v mi hn.
5.2.4. Hon tt mi ni:

-
Sau khi hn xong cc si quang, xp cc mi hn gn gh vo khay, ng

hp mng sng li theo ng hng dn.
Xp cp v mng sng xung hm hoc treo ln ct, t mi ni ng v tr quy

nh trc.
Dng dy ct buc cht cp v mng sng vo ng v tr, treo bng ghi tn cp

vo mt bn mng sng.
ng np hm v lm v sinh mi trng trc khi ra v.
5.3. Trnh t hn ni cp trong i:

5.3.1. Cng tc chun b:
-
a u cp t hm nhp i, theo ng pi dn vo i, b tr i dc theo cc

mng, thang dn cp i n ni b tr ODF. Lu khi i dc theo cc thang,
mng, ti cc v tr gc ngot, phi m bo quy nh bn knh un cong 20
ln ng knh cp.
Lp t ODF vo v tr quy nh. M v cp theo ng hng dn ca ti liu

lp t ODF, c nh u cp vo ODF v khay ng mi hn.
B tr my hn v my o hp l hn si quang v o th. Vic chun b

my hn v dng c hn ging nh phn hn ni cp bn ngoi.
5.3.2. Hn ni si quang v hon tt mi hn:

-
u cui cp trong i c ni vo dy pigtail. Vic hn ni pigtail vo cp

c thc hin nh mi ni bn ngoi.
Sau khi hn ni xong, sp xp vo ODF theo hng dn ca nh sn xut, gn

connector vo adaptor v ng np ODF li.
Khi cn ni ng truyn vo thit b ca i, ta s dng mt dy nhy quang

(c 2 u connector), mt u gn vo adaptor ca ODF, u kia gn vo
adaptor ca thit b.
Trang 68
Chng 6. O TH CP SI QUANG
1. NGUYN NHN GY SUY HAO V MC CH O SUY HAO CP
SI QUANG:
1.1. Nguyn nhn:
Khi nh sng i ngang qua si quang, mc cng sut ca n b gim. Mc
gim ny c o bng dB (c l xi ben). H s suy hao hay mc suy hao trn
mt n v chiu di c o bng dB/km. C hai l do chnh l s hp th ca vt
liu (absorption) v suy hao do tn x (Scattering)
-
S hp th ca vt liu (absorption): nh sng b hp th trong vt liu lm si

quang khi mt phn quang nng b bin i thnh nhit nng do s cng hng
phn t v nhng tp cht vt liu c kch thc c bc sng quang.
Tn x Rayleigh (Rayleigh Scattering): Tn x c nhiu dng nhng ch yu

l tn x Rayleigh cng gp phn lm suy hao tn hiu quang. Tn x gy ra s
phn tn nng lng ca tia sng theo nhiu hng, mt vi tia tn x thot ra
khi v ca si quang. Mt phn nh ca nng lng nh sng tn x quay tr
ngc li hng nh sng ti gi l tn x ngc (backscattering).
Hnh 6.1. Suy hao do tn x v tn x ngc
Suy hao cn ph thuc vo dng si quang v bc sng. V d: Tn x

Rayleigh t l nghch vi bc sng. Di y l hnh v th hin mi quan h gia
suy hao ton tuyn v bc sng ca si quang.
Hnh 6.2. Suy hao si quang theo bc sng
1.2. Mc ch:
xc nh cht lng tuyn cp ang hot ng hoc cht lng tuyn cp
Trang 69
tuyn ko mi c m bo cht lng, suy hao cho php theo qui nh ca thit k,
suy hao cho php cp khi xut xng cng nh xem xt suy hao ca tuyn cp qua
s dng, ngi ta phi thc hin o kim suy hao ca cp quang.
2. CC PHP O CP QUANG:
2.1. n v o lng suy hao:
-
n v o suy hao c cho bi cng thc:
( P1 v P2 l hai mc cng sut so snh.)

-
dBm l s dB tng quan mc cng sut n v 1mW:
(P1 tnh bng n v mW)

Suy hao cng c tnh bng hiu s gia cng sut ra v cng sut vo:
2.2. Cc php o cp quang:

o lp t: o th cp quang trc khi thi cng xc nh suy hao qui h
ca nh sn xut; o suy hao cc mi hn, cc im ni connector, o ton
tuyn sau khi thi cng so snh vi suy hao ton tuyn theo thit k.
o bo dng: o nh k xc nh cht lng hot ng ca tuyn cp
trong qu trnh khai thc c nhng gii php sa cha nng cao cht lng
khi tuyn cp b gim cht lng.
o x l s c: o xc nh v tr li trn tuyn cp sa cha.
3.
MY O QUANG DI THEO MIN THI GIAN OTDR:

3.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my o OTDR:
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) l my o tn hiu quang truyn
trn tuyn da trn nguyn l phn x hay tn x ngc. Trong qu trnh cc xung nh
sng truyn i trn si quang, khi c s khng khng ng nht ca mi trng truyn
(cht lng cp khng ng nht, mi hn, khp ni, vt gy ca si quang, u cui
cp,) s c mt phn nng lng nh sng di v di hnh thc phn x hay tn x
ngc.
Tn hiu di v ny s c chuyn thnh tn hiu in v th hin ln mn hnh
di dng th tuyn cp, trong , trc tung l mc cng sut quang, cn trc
honh l chiu di si (c tnh ton da trn thi gian t lc pht xung i n lc
nhn c xung di v).
c trn th, ta s bit c chiu di tuyn cp, v tr cc mi ni trn
Trang 70
tuyn cp, mc suy hao trung bnh trn tng mi ni, tng on cp.
3.2. Cc thng s chnh ca my o:
3.2.1. Tn s pht xung:
c ng biu din chnh xc, ngi ta cho phng nhiu xung ri ly gi tr
trung bnh ca cc xung phn x. Tn s pht xung c lin quan n tc truyn ca
nh sng trong si v chiu di si.
Thi gian mt xung nh sng truyn t u si n cui si ri phn x v
u si l:
t=2
L
v
= 2L
n1
C
Trong :
L: chiu di si;
v=
C
: vn tc nh sng truyn trong si quang.
n1
Thi gian trn cng chnh l chu k ti thiu ca chui xung nn tn s ti a

ca chui xung l:
f max =
1
=
t
C
2Ln 1
Nh vy theo cng thc trn, mun o chiu di si cng di th tn s xung

phi thp.
3.2.2. Thi gian qut:
Trong ch thi gian thc (Real Time), my pht ra khong t 64 n 256
xung nh sng cho mt ng biu din, ph thuc vo rng xung. Lc ny, khi
my gi lot xung ra ngoi s nhn li v th hin ngay trn mn hnh, ng biu
din s bin ng lin tc theo mi ln my nhn chui xung tr v. Ch o ny
thng c p dng pht hin nhanh s c hoc quan st lin tc s suy hao
trc tip trn my.
o ly kt qu s liu trung bnh, ghi nhn lm c s nh gi suy hao trn
cp, lu tr s liu o c, ngi ta t my trong ch o trung bnh (Nhanh, Va,
Chm). Khi , my s pht i 2048, 32.768 hoc 262.144 xung cho mt ng biu
din (tu theo ch nhanh, va, chm). D liu nhn v s c thng k v sau
ly gi tr trung bnh biu din ln mn hnh thnh mt ng c nh. ch o
ny, cn thit lp thi gian cho my nhn d liu tnh gi tr trung bnh, thi gian
ny c nh t 05 giy cho n 99 pht 55 giy (gi tr mc nh l 1 pht).
3.2.3. Khong cch o v phn gii:
Khong cch o ti thiu c chn phi bng 2 ln chiu di si quang o.
phn tch chnh xc, ta cn chn gi tr khong cch o mc ln hn gn nht so vi
chiu di si c o.
V d: Si quang c chiu di 6km: 6km x 2 = 12km. Khong cch o ln hn
gn nht l 20km, v th, ta s chn thang o ny.
Trang 71
My CMA c kh nng ghi nhn c 16.384 im mu nh sng phn x trn

mt xung nh sng truyn i. iu ny c ngha l vi chiu di si l 128km th vic
ly mu c thc hin mi ln 8 mt (128km/16.384). phn gii ph thuc b
rng xung nh sng.
3.2.4. B rng xung:
Thi gian truyn ht mt xung nh sng qua mt im trn si cng chnh l
b rng ca xung. Trn my CMA4000, b rng xung t 4ns n 30s (tu thuc vo
module my o). B rng xung cng ln th phn gii cng km v ngc li.
Khi o c ly gn th dng b rng xung nh tng phn gii, cn khi o
c l xa th dng b rng xung ln tng di ng.
3.2.5. Chit sut:
Chit sut c chn t 1,400000 n 1,699999 tu theo loi si quang v bc
sng s dng.
3.2.6. Tn x ngc:
Gi tr tn x ngc c chn t 60 dB n 90 dB tu theo loi si quang v
bc sng s dng.
3.2.7. Vng cht:
Vng cht l khong cch m my OTDR khng th phn bit v th hin ln
mn hnh c gia hai s kin (hai mi ni). Vng cht c mi quan h vi b rng
xung: b rng xung ln s l cho vng cht ln. Suy hao vng cht trn my OTDR
thng thng t 0,5dB n 1,5dB (tu theo module my o) tng ng khong
300 m chiu di si. Chnh iu ny t ra yu cu cn b tr khong cch ti
thiu mi ni trn tuyn cch xa nhau 200 m.
3.2.8. Xc nh cc im c bit trn th:
Cn c trn th ca OTDR, ta c th xc nh cc im c bit xut hin trn
tuyn cp, cc im ny c th do xy ra s khng ng nht ca cp, vt nt gy, mi
hn, khp ni, Ti y, tn hiu quang s di v v hin th trn mn hnh my o.
Cc dng biu hin c th nh sau:
Hnh 6.3. suy hao khp ni v mi hn hin th trn mn hnh my OTDR

Trang 72
4. O SUY HAO IM, SUY HAO TON TUYN BNG OTDR:

4.1. o th trc tip cp quang bng my o OTDR:
Vic o th ny thng c thc hin o th cht lng cun cp trc v
sau khi thi cng lp t. Vic chun b u cp v u si quang o th lc ny ch
yu cu sch v chiu di thao tc.
OTDR c kt ni vo si quang theo s hnh 3.5. Cun dy m l mt
cun si quang c chiu di thng thng khong t 2km n 5 km, hai u c lm
sn 2 connector. Mt u cun dy ni vi OTDR, u cn li ni vi mt u tip
xc tm o cht lng si quang trn cp. u ni o th lc ny, ta c th dng
phng php ni tm bng ng nha do n hi hoc dng dng c giao tip si
quang trn.
Hnh 6.5. S u ni cp quang.
Tn hiu quang lc ny t OTDR qua cun dy m ( khc phc hin tng

vng cht trong phng php o OTDR), qua im tip xc chnh l u on cp cn
o. Trn mn hnh lc ny s cho th biu din on cp v suy hao tng, suy hao
trung bnh trn km.
Hnh 6.6. th biu din trn my OTDR
4.2. o th suy hao connector bng my OTDR:

Thng thng, trc khi hn ni cp bn ngoi mi ni, ngi ta thng lm
hon chnh cc u cp trong i. Vic ny s gip d dng trong vic o th xc nh
cht lng mi hn bn ngoi khi thao tc hn ni.
Nh phn trn trnh by, u cui cp trong i c ni vo mt dy pigtail
c sn u connector. Suy hao ca bn thn dy pigtail (k c connector hn ca
u cp vo pigtail) c xem nh l suy hao chung ca connector.
Trang 73
S u ni vo OTDR o th nh sau:
OTDR
Connector
Cuon day em
Moi han au cap

vao pigtail
Hnh 6.7. S u ni o connector
Hnh 6.8. Biu din th trn mn hnh my o.
4.3. o th suy hao mi hn bng OTDR:

4.3.1. B tr o th theo phng php mch vng:
Do suy hao thc ca mi hn c xc nh bng gi tr trung bnh cng ca s
o hai chiu, nn khi t chc o th mi hn cn b tr theo phng php mch vng.
Theo phng php ny, OTDR c t ti i A, my hn b tr mi ni, ti u
cui B, s b tr ngi u loop vng theo yu cu u A.
Khi bn ngoi hn si 1, u A s o gi tr A -> B, nu gi tr di 0,05dB
(tt nht mc 0,03dB) th tm thi mi hn ra ngoi ch kt qu o u ngc
li.
Ti mi ni, tip tc hn si 2. Khi si 2 hn xong, u A s yu cu u B loop
vng si 1 v 2, OTDR ni vo si 1 o, ghi nhn gi tr suy hao mi hn si 1
hng i v si 2 hng v. Sau , OTDR c ni vo si 2 o, ghi nhn gi tr
si 1 hng v v si 2 hng i.
Khi gi tr suy hao trung bnh cng hng i v v ca si no t yu cu 0,05
dB th chp nhn v u A s thng bo cho b phn hn ni nung ng co nhit
hon tt mi hn.
Trang 74
oan cap
so 1
oan cap
so 2
au loop
vong
May han
OTDR
2
3
2
3
2
3
Hnh 6.9. S u ni khi o
Hnh 6.10. th o hng i.
dB
Cuon day em
B
V tr loop von
g
V tr connector
V tr moi han si 2
hng i
V tr moi han si 1
hng ve
km
Hnh 6.11. th o hng v.
4.3.2. o th suy hao ton tuyn bng OTDR:

Sau khi hon tt tt c cc u connector hai i v cc mi ni trn tuyn, v
cn bn, tuyn cp xem nh c thi cng xong, cn o th kim tra li
Trang 75
ton tuyn. Vic o th ny va kim tra li ln cui cc s liu v suy hao, ng

thi cng ghi nhn s liu lp Bo co hon cng.
Phng thc o tng t nh o suy hao mi ni phn trn, b tr o theo
mch n, o ly kt qu tng si v o ht tt c cc si ca mt u i, ri sau ,
chuyn my sang u i bn kia o ngc li. iu cn lu l ch nn s dng
mt my o cho c chiu i ln chiu v.
Hnh 6. 12. S u ni o ton tuyn cp
Hnh 6. 13. th kt qu ton tuyn hng i
Hnh 6.14. th kt qu ton tuyn hng v.

Trang 76
5. B MY O THU PHT CNG SUT.

Tng t nh OTDR, my o thu pht cng sut quang hin nay trn th gii
cng c rt nhiu hng sn xut. Tuy nhin, v mt nguyn l hot ng chng u
nh nhau.
5.1. Gii thiu v my thu pht cng sut quang :
My thu pht cng sut l mt b gm 2 my: my pht ngun quang (Fiber
Optic Light Source) v my o cng sut quang (Fiber Optic Power Meter):
-
My LP-5150 pht ngun quang bng LED cc bc sng 850nm

hoc1300nm
My LP5025C thu tn hiu quang pht bng LP-5150, kh nng o suy hao
quang trong khong t -70dBm n +10dBm
Connector kt ni ca my l FC, c th thay i thnh SC hoc ST bng cch

thay adaptor.
5.2. Nguyn l hot ng:

T my pht ngun quang, tn hiu c pht vo u si, lan truyn dc theo
cp n u kia, trong qu trnh truyn i, cng sut tn hiu s gim dn ph thuc
vo gi tr suy hao ca ton tuyn. u xa, my o cng sut quang s nhn tn hiu
quang n, chuyn i thnh tn hiu in v hin th ln mn hnh mc cng sut m
my tip nhn c. Cn c trn gi tr c c trn my o cng sut quang, ta c
gi tr suy hao thc t ca ton b tuyn cp.
Hnh 6.15. My pht cng sut quang v my thu cng sut quang
5.3. o th suy hao ton tuyn bng my o cng sut quang:

Cng dng ca vic o th bng my thu pht cng sut l ly mt gi tr suy
hao thc s ca tuyn cp, bng cch gi lp truyn tn hiu quang qua ng cp
quang va c xy dng.
Trang 77
Hnh 6.16. S u ni o suy hao bng my o cng sut quang
Cc bc thc hin o:
-
o suy hao ca cc thit b, dng c o;
o suy hao ca ton tuyn: My pht s c t pha u A pht tn hiu qua

u B ca tuyn cp my thu nhn tn hiu ti y, trn mn hnh my thu s
hin gi tr suy hao ca tuyn cp, gi tr ny c my t ng so snh da
trn cng sut pht ca my pht v cng sut thu c my thu.
Gi tr suy hao o c trn tuyn s tr i gi tr suy hao ca bn thn dng c

o c ghi nhn bc u tin mi cho suy hao thc s ca tuyn cp.
Sau khi o th tr s suy hao t A pht, B thu, hai my c thay i v tr cho

nhau o th, ghi nhn tr s suy hao t B pht, A thu. V cng nh OTDR,
lu l phi s dng cng mt b my thu pht cho c hai ln o v hai my
ny phi c nh sn xut cung cp ng b.
6. TNH TON V NH GI CHT LNG SUY HAO TON TUYN.

Sau khi o c tuyn cp, ta cn phi tnh ton v nh gi cht lng suy hao
trn ton tuyn cng nh trn tng mi ni qua xc nh cht lng tuyn cp
c iu kin a vo hot ng hay khng. Cc vic ny bao gm tnh ton gi
tr suy hao cho php ca tuyn cp, gi tr suy hao thc t ca tng si, lp bng thng
k v so snh gi tr suy hao thc t ca tng si vi gi tr suy hao cho php, nu
vt gi tr suy hao cho php th tuyn cp khng t yu cu a vo hot ng.
Gi tr suy hao cho php ca tuyn cp quang c tnh theo cng thc sau:
A = (a x L) + (b x n) + ( c x m)
Trong :
-
A: Tng suy hao ton tuyn (dB);
a : Suy hao bnh qun dB/km (gi tr xut xng);
L : Chiu di tuyn cp (Km);
b : Suy hao cho php ti im hn ni (dB);
n : S lng mi ni ton tuyn (s mi ni);
c: Suy hao cho php ti u connector (dB);

Trang 78
m: S im kt ni thng qua connector (s im);
Hnh 6.17. Bng gi tr suy hao ca mi ni hn v connector
V d: Tuyn cp quang kt ni trm A n trm B c chiu di 3,870 km, cp

s dng l loi cp quang 96 FO cp treo do hng FOCAL sn xut, gi tr suy hao
ca cp do nh sn xut cung cp trong ti liu i km theo cun cp l 0,45 dB/km.
Trn tuyn cp c mt mi ni. Tnh gi tr suy hao cho php ca tuyn cp.
Ta c :
a = 0,45 dB / km;
L = 3,870 km;
b = 0,1 dB / im ni n = 1 im ni;
c = 1dB / connector (bao gm: suy hao ca dy pigtail ni vo si quang, suy hao
connector);
m = 2 u connector ( 2 i).
Nh vy, gi tr suy hao cho php ca tuyn cp ny l:
A = (0,45 x 3,870) + (0,1 x 1) + (1 x 2)
= 1,75 + 0,1 + 2
= 3,85 dB
Sau khi tnh ton xong so snh kt qu tnh ton vi cc s liu o thc t bng
my o.
Trang 79

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MC LC

T quang phi cp 1: ........................................................................................................ 8

2. T CHC QUN L CC THNH PHN CU TRC MNG CP QUANG

5. M T TNG QUAN TNH NNG K THUT CA CC VT T MNG

2. DY NHY QUANG (JUMPER CORD) ...............................................................24

4. GI U CP QUANG TRONG NH ODF.........................................................26

5. T U NI CP QUANG NGOI TRI ...........................................................29

6. MNG SNG CP QUANG..................................................................................31

7. U NI QUANG (OPTICAL CONNECTOR) .....................................................32

7.2. Tiu chun k thut......................................................................................................... 32

8. B TCH GHP QUANG (Splitter/Combiner hay Optical Non-Wavelength

Chng 3. K THUT THI CNG CP QUANG .......................................................38

Phm vi thit k .............................................................................................................. 38

2. KHO ST O T LI TRC KHI THI CNG.............................................39

Kho st o c tuyn cp treo........................................................................................ 39

3. LP PHNG N TIN THI CNG..............................................................40

4. THI CNG TH CP.............................................................................................41

5. KIM TRA NGHIM THU.....................................................................................51

2. QUY NH ATL KHI THI CNG CP QUANG TREO:....................................53

3. QUY NH ATL IN KHI THI CNG CP QUANG NGM, TREO:............56

Chng 5. K THUT HN NI SI QUANG ..........................................................58

Dng c ct dc si cp: ................................................................................................. 58

3. GII THIU MT S PHNG PHP HN NI CP QUANG: ......................61

4. VT T PH KIN TRONG HN NI CP SI QUANG .................................63

5. Thi cng hn nI cp quang: ...................................................................................67

Chng 6. O TH CP SI QUANG ........................................................................69

2. CC PHP O CP QUANG: ...............................................................................70

3. MY O QUANG DI THEO MIN THI GIAN OTDR:...................................70

4. O SUY HAO IM, SUY HAO TON TUYN BNG OTDR:.........................73

5. B MY O THU PHT CNG SUT................................................................77

6. TNH TON V NH GI CHT LNG SUY HAO TON TUYN. ..........78

DANH SCH HNH V

Hnh 3.7: Cng nhn y ghi vo lng ng...................................................................... 44

Hnh 6.11. th o hng v. ...................................................................................... 75

Chng 1. CU TRC MNG CP QUANG THU BAO FTTx

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao

T quang phi cp 1 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp gc cn phc v cho

T i/trm n t quang phi cp 1, l tp hp cc si cp quang gc n t

T quang phi cp 1 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 1 (S1) trn

Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang gc tiu biu i ra t i/trm n t quang

1.2. T quang phi cp 2:

T quang phi cp 2 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp phi cn phc v

T t quang phi cp 1 n t quang phi cp 2, l tp hp cc si cp quang

T quang phi cp 2 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 2 (S2) trn

Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i ra t t quang phi cp 01

Tp im quang l ni phi cp quang th bao n khch hng.

T t quang phi cp 2 n tp im quang l tp hp cc si quang phi n

Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i n tp im quang c dung

1.4. B chia (Splitter):

B chia (Splitter) l thit b ghp/chia tch quang th ng khng cn ngun.

B chia (Splitter) s c thit k ph bin trn tng tuyn cp ca mng cp

Phn b b chia ph bin trn mng theo t l chia 1: 2 ti t quang phi cp 1

Hnh 1.2. Phn b b chia Splitter tiu biu trn mng

2. T CHC QUN L CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC MNG

01 t cp quang phi cp 1 c dung lng t 384 F.O (c s dng kt ni cho)

01 t cp quang phi cp 2 c dung lng ti a 96 F.O (khng s dng cu

Tp im quang s dng lai c bn c dung lng u ni ti thiu 24F.O.

Cp quang t t cp quang phi cp 2 ti tp im c dung lng ti thiu 12