AI HOC QUC GIA THANH PH H CHI MINH

TRNG AI HOC KHOA HOC T NHIN

KHOA MI TRNG

TIU LUN TT NGHIP

NGHIN CU KH NNG
X L NC THI TNG HP METHYL CAM
BNG BENTONITE BNH THUN

NGNH CNG NGH MI TRNG

Sinh vin thc hi n

: HUNH C HNH

Giao vin hng dn : Th.S NGUYN TH THANH HU

Khoa hoc

: 2009 2013

Tp.HCM, thng 7 nm 2013

AI HOC QUC GIA THANH PH H CHI MINH

TRNG AI HOC KHOA HOC T NHIN
KHOA MI TRNG

TIU LUN TT NGHIP

NGHIN CU KH NNG
X L NC THI TNG HP METHYL CAM
BNG BENTONITE BNH THUN

NGNH CNG NGH MI TRNG

Sinh vin thc hi n

: HUNH C HNH

Giao vin hng dn

: Th.S NGUYN TH THANH HU

Khoa hoc

: 2009 2013

Tp.HCM, thng 7 nm 2013

LI CM N
Tiu lun tt nghip ny c hon thnh l nh s gip tn tnh ca cc Thy
C khoa Mi Trng trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin Tp.H Ch Minh
truyn t nhng kin thc v kinh nghim qu bu trong sut thi gian em hc tp ti
trng.
Xin chn thnh cm n c Nguyn Th Thanh Hu - ging vin b mn Cng
Ngh Mi Trng Khoa Mi Trng Trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin h
tr, lun bn cnh ng vin khi ti gp nhiu kh khn v tn tnh hng dn em
hon thnh lun vn tt nghip.
Xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy C Phng th nghim Phn Tch Mi Trng
nhit tnh h tr v to iu kin thun li trong thi gian thc hin ti.
Cui cng, con xin by t lng bit n su sc n ba m v mnh xin gi li cm
n n cc thnh vin lp 09CMT gip v ng vin tinh thn trong sut thi
gian qua.
Do hn ch v kinh nghim, nn lun vn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st,
rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc Thy C tiu lun c hon thin hn.

Xin chn thnh cm n.

Tp.H Ch Minh, ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2013.

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

TM TT
Trong nhng nm gn y, c nhiu nghin cu trn th gii quan tm n kh
nng hp ph ca Bentonite. Ti Vit Nam, Bentonite c gi thnh r v tr lng ln.
Lun vn c thc hin nhm Nghin cu kh nng x l nc thi tng hp Methyl
cam bng Bentonite Bnh Thun.
Lun vn tin hnh bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric, kho st cc gi tr:
khi lng cht hp ph ti u, pH dung dch nc thi ti u, thi gian hp ph ti
u, nhit hp ph ti u. Bn cnh , lun vn kho st 2 m hnh hp ph ng
nhit Langmuir v Freundlich.
Kt qu cho thy hiu sut hp ph t cao nht khi s dng Bentonite bin tnh
vi 75% acid sulfuric theo khi lng, khi lng cht hp ph ti u l 3g cho dung
dch nc thi c nng 40 ppm, pH dung dch nc thi ti u l 5, thi gian hp
ph ti u l 30 pht, nhit hp ph ti u l 32oC. Qu trnh hp ph tun theo 2
m hnh Langmuir v Freundlich. Dung lng hp ph cc i l 23.36 (mg/g). C ch
hp ph ch yu l ha hc.
Kt lun, Bentonite sau bin tnh c th hp ph mu trong dung dch vi nhiu
u im nh sau: vt liu r tin, hiu sut cao v thn thin vi mi trng.
Tuy nhin, tc lng ca Bentonite sau hp ph thp, thi gian lng cn cao,
nn y cn l vn cn nghin cu thm c th ng dng Bentonite vo x l
nc thi dt nhum.

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

ABSTRACT
In recent years, many research were interested about adsorption capacity of
Bentonite. In Viet Nam, Bentonite is a cheap material and large amount. The purpose
of the thesis is Investigating the ability of Bentonite Binh Thuan Methyl Orange
wastewater treament.
The thesis carried out activated Bentonite with acid sulfuric, investigate about:
the optimal adsorbent mass, the optimal pH solution, the optimal adsorbent time, the
optimal adsortbent temperature. On other hand, the thesis has investigated two
adsorption isotherm models Langmuir and Freundlich.
The results show that adsorption efficiency was the highest when used the
modified Bentonite with 75% sulfuric acid by mass, the optimal adsorbent mass was 3g
for waste concentration about 40 ppm, the optimal pH solution was 5, the optimal
adsorption time is 30 min, the optimal adsorption temperature was 32 oC. Adsorption
process followed both Langmuir model and Freundlich model. the best adsorption
capacity was 23.36 mg/g. Adsorption mechanism mainly was chemical mechanism.
In conclusion, the modified Bentonite absorbed color in waste water with the
following advantages such as: cheaper material, high-performance and environmentally
friendly.
However, after the adsorption process, the sedimentation rate of Bentonite was
low, the time of deposition was high, so this should be a matter of further research to
apply Bentonite in textile wastewater treatment.

ii

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

MC LC
LI CM N

TM TT II
ABSTRACT

III

MC LC IV
DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT
DANH MC BNG

VIII

DANH MC HNH

IX

CHNG 1: GII THIU

1.1.

t vn

1.2.

Mc tiu nghin cu1

1.3.

i tng v phm vi nghin cu 2

1.4.

Ni thc hin2

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN 3

2.1.

Gii thiu v nc thi dt nhum3

2.2.

Gii thiu v nc thi tng hp t Methyl cam 3

2.3.

Gii thiu v Bentonite

2.3.1.

Cu trc ca Bentonite

2.3.2.

Tnh cht c trng 6

2.3.3.

ng dng ca Bentonite

2.3.4.

Hot ng khai thc Bentonite

iii

11

VII

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
2.3.5.
2.4.

Gii thiu v Bentonit Bnh Thun Vit Nam 12

C s l thuyt

13

2.4.1.

C s khoa hc v qu trnh bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric

2.4.2.

C s khoa hc v qu trnh hp ph

15

Tnh hnh nghin cu v Bentonite gn y

17

2.5.

CHNG 3: NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1.

Ni dung thc hin 19

3.2.

Phng php nghin cu

19

3.2.1.

Phng php thu thp thng tin, tham kho ti liu

3.2.2.

Phng php phn tch ph hp thu phn t

3.2.3.

Phng php thng k, x l s liu

3.3.

19

19

20

Phng php thc nghim 20

3.3.1.

Chun b vt liu

3.3.2.

Kho st kh nng bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric

3.3.3.

Kho st khi lng cht hp ph ti u 23

3.3.4.

Kho st yu t pH ca dung dch Methyl cam 24

3.3.5.

Kho st yu t thi gian hp ph ti u 24

3.3.6.

Kho st yu t nhit hp ph 25

3.3.7.

Kho st ng ng nhit hp ph

26

CHNG 4: KT QU V THO LUN

27

4.1.

19

Kt qu thc nghim

20

27

4.1.1.

Kt qu bin tnh Bentonite27

4.1.2.

Kt qu kho st khi lng cht hp ph ti u 28

iv

21

13

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
4.1.3.

Kt qu kho st yu t pH ca dung dch Methyl cam 29

4.1.4.

Kt qu kho st yu t thi gian hp ph

4.1.5.

Kt qu kho st yu t nhit hp ph 32

4.1.6.

Kt qu kho st ng ng nhit hp ph

4.2.

Tho lun c ch hp ph 34

CHNG 5: KT LUN V KIN NGH

5.1.

Kt lun

38

5.2.

Kin ngh

38

TI LIU THAM KHO

PH LC

39

41

38

31

33

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT

BS: (bentonite sulfuric) bentonite sau bin tnh bng bentonite
CO: nng dung dch Methyl cam ban u (mg/L)
Ce: nng dung dch Methyl cam sau hp ph (mg/L)
H: hiu sut hp ph (%)
: hng s hp ph ng nhit theo Langmuir (L/mg)

: h s hp ph ng nhit theo Freundlich

m: khi lng bentonite kho st (g)

MMT: montmorillonite
qe: nng sut hp ph (mg/g)
: nng sut hp ph ti a (mg/g)
V: th tch dung dch Methyl cam kho st (mL)

vi

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1: Thnh phn khong vt Bentonite Bnh Thun.

12

Bng 2.2: Thnh phn ha hc ca Bentonite Bnh Thun.

13

Bng 3.1: T l phi trn gia acid sulfuric v Bentonite

22

Bng 4.1: Kt qu kho st t l phi trn acid-bentonite

27

Bng 4.2: Kt qu kho st khi lng BS75 ti u

28

Bng 4.3: Kt qu kho st pH dung dch ti u.30

Bng 4.4: Kt qu kho st thi gian hp ph ti u

31

Bng 4.5: Kt qu kho st nhit hp ph ti u

32

Bng 4.6: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 32oC.

33

Bng 4.7: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 70oC.

34

Bng 4.8: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 95oC.

34

Bng 4.9: Tng hp h s hp ph36

vii

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 2.1: Cty CP Thi Tun x thi trc tip vo knh Tham Lng, Q.Bnh Tn 3
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc ha hc ca Methyl cam

Hnh 2.3: Qu trnh chuyn mu ca Methyl cam

Hnh 2.4: Dy chuyn mu ca Methyl cam

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc khng gian ca Bentonite

Hnh 2.6: Quy trnh bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric.

14

Hnh 4.1: th nng sut hp ph ca cc loi Bentonite sulfuric. 28

Hnh 4.2: th kho st khi lng BS75 ti u
Hnh 4.3: Kt qu kho st pH mi trng.

30

Hnh 4.4: Kt qu kho st thi gian hp ph

31

Hnh 4.5: Kt qu kho st nhit hp ph

33

29

Hnh 4.6: Mi tng quan gia Ce v qe 34

Hnh 4.7: th biu din qu trnh hp ph theo m hnh Langmuir 35
Hnh 4.8: th biu din qu trnh hp ph theo m hnh Freundlich

viii

36

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

1. Chng 1: GII THIU

1.1. t vn
Trong nhng nm gn y, vic kim sot mi trng tr thnh vn ton
cu. Mt trong nhng cht nhim mi trng l nc thi t hot ng ca ngnh dt
nhum. Cc cht nhim ch yu c trong nc thi dt nhum l cc hp cht hu c
kh phn hy, thuc nhum, cc cht hot ng b mt, cc hp cht halogen hu c
Trong , thuc nhum l thnh phn kh x l nht. Thuc nhum c phn ra lm
2 dng chnh: dng tan trong nc v dng khng tan trong nc. Trong , dng tan
trong nc chim 30-40% th trng. Cht c trng cho dng ny l Methyl cam.
Nhiu cng ngh c xut nhm x l nc thi dt nhum. Chng hn
nh: phng php oxy ha bc cao, phng php ha l, phng php sinh hc
p ng yu cu v mi trng nhng chi ph x l cn cao.
Vit Nam, Bentonite c tr lng ln v c gi thnh thp. Nhiu nghin cu
trn th gii chng minh rng Bentonite c kh nng lng cn trong nc, trao i
ion, hp ph cht hu c, cc vi khun gy bnh.
chng t, Bentonite Bnh Thun c kh nng x l nc thi dt nhum, ti
Kho st kh nng x l nc thi tng hp Methyl cam ca Bentonite Bnh Thun
c thc hin vi mong mun gp phn tm ra phng php mi trong vic x l
nc thi dt nhum.

1.2. Mc tiu nghin cu

Kho st kh nng x l nc thi tng hp Methyl cam bng Bentonite Bnh
Thun.
thc hin c mc tiu trn, lun vn tin hnh cc ni dung sau:

ix

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
- Kho st cc gi tr ti u cho qu trnh hp ph: khi lng Bentonite ti u,
pH dung dch ti u, thi gian hp ph ti u, nhit hp ph ti u.
- Thit lp m hnh hp ph ng nhit theo Langmuir, Freundlich.

1.3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu

i tng nghin cu
- Bentonite: xut x Cng ty C phn khong sn Bentonite Minh H Bnh Thun.
- Methyl cam: xut x Trung Quc.
Phm vi nghin cu
- ti c thc hin trong phm vi phng th nghim phn tch mi trng
Khoa Mi Trng trng i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin Tp.HCM.
- Nc thi trong nghin cu c tng hp t Methyl cam.

1.4. Ni thc hin

ti c thc hin ti phng th nghim phn tch mi trng Khoa Mi
Trng trng i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin Tp.HCM ti c s Linh Trung (Qun
Th c, Tp.HCM).

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh

2. Chng 2: TNG QUAN

2.1. Gii thiu v nc thi dt nhum
Ngnh dt nhum l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip trng im Vit Nam.
Trung bnh mi nm ngnh cng nghip dt nhum s dng trn 3500 tn thuc nhum
v 27000 tn ha cht khc cc loi, hiu sut s dng ha cht thuc nhum trung
bnh t 70-80%, lng cn li thi ra mi trng di dng nc thi.
Da vo tnh tan trong nc, thuc nhum c phn lm 2 loi: tan v khng
tan. Trong , thuc nhum dng tan chim 30 40% th trng. Mt trong s cc loi
thuc nhum dng tan c trong nc thi l Methyl cam.

Hnh 2.1: Cty CP Thi Tun x thi trc tip vo knh Tham Lng, Q.Bnh Tn
(http://tuoitre.vn/Chinh-tri-xa-hoi/Moi-truong/Van-de-moi-truong/453429/nhuc-nhoinuoc-thai-det-nhuom.html, 29/08/2011)

2.2. Gii thiu v nc thi tng hp t Methyl cam

Methyl cam (Methyl Orange): Sodium 4-[(4-dimethylamino) phenyldiazenyl]
benzenesulfonate.
Cng thc phn t: NaSO3C6H4N=NC6H4N(CH3)2

xi

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
Khi lng phn t: 327 g/mol, nhit si: > 300oC.

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc ha hc ca Methyl cam

Methyl cam thng c dng trong cc phn ng chun acid mnh. Trong
mi trng acid mnh, Methyl cam nhn 1 ion H+ chuyn t dng vng sang dng
nh hnh 2.3.

Hnh 2.3: Qu trnh chuyn mu ca Methyl cam

Qua kho st, thu c dy chuyn mu ca Methyl cam. im chuyn mu l
pH = 4.4.
pH = 4.4

Hnh 2.4: Dy chuyn mu ca Methyl cam

xii

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
Dung dch nc thi tng hp c to bng cch ha Methyl cam vo nc ct
theo mt t l xc nh, c trnh by trong mc 3.3.1.

2.3. Gii thiu v Bentonite

Bentonite l loi khong st t nhin, thnh phn chnh l montmorillonit (MMT)
v vy, n cn c tn l MMT. Cng thc n gin nht ca MMT l Al 2O3.4SiO2.nH2O
ng vi na t bo n v cu trc. Trong trng hp l tng, cng thc ca MMT l
Si8Al4O20(OH)4 ng vi mt n v cu trc. Tuy nhin, thnh phn ca MMT thc t
lun khc vi thnh phn biu din l thuyt do c s thay th ng hnh ca ion kim
loi Fe2+, Mg2+ vi ion Al3+ trong bt din AlO6. Nh vy, thnh phn ha hc ca
MMT ngoi s c mt ca Si v Al cn c cc nguyn t khc nh Fe, Zn, Mg, Na, K,
Catrong t l Al2O3:SiO2 t 1:2 n 1:4 (V Th Hoi, 2010).
Ngoi thnh phn chnh l MMT, trong Bentonite cn cha mt s khong st
khc nh hectorite, saponite, nontronitev mt s khong phi st nh canxit, pirit,
manhetit, mt s mui kim loi kim khc v hp cht hu c.
Trong cng nghip, ngi ta phn Bentonite thnh 2 dng chnh: Na-Bentonite v
Ca-Bentonite (R.J.Trauger, 1994).

2.3.1. Cu trc ca Bentonite

V mt khng gian, MMT l loi khong 3 lp gm 2 lp t din SiO 4 kp xung
quanh 1 lp bt din AlO6 trung tm.
Trong trng hp l tng, cc nguyn t Si nm tm ca cc t din, cn cc
nguyn t Al nm tm cc bt din ca MMT. Do MMT c cu trc 2:1 nn cu trc
lp ca MMT c hnh thnh t hai l t din lin kt vi mt l bt din gia
to nn mt lp aluminosilicat. Gia cc lp MMT l cc cation Na +, Ca2+, K+ c kh
nng trao i cation.
dy ca lp MMT l 9,6, gi tr ny ty thuc vo s lng, bn cht cc
cation trao i v lng nc b hp ph, thng c th n 15.

xiii

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
Cu trc khng gian trng thi trung ha in tch ca MMT c m t qua
hnh 2.5 (L T Hi, 2008).

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc khng gian ca Bentonite

2.3.2. Tnh cht c trng

Tnh cht trng n
Bentonite c tnh cht trng n cao. Bentonite c th hp ph 1 lng nc gn
gp 5 ln khi lng ca n, khi Bentonite tip xc vi nc, cc phn t nc phn
cc s thm nhp vo bn trong cc lp, lm khong cch gia cc lp tng ln t nht
1415, ty thuc vo loi Bentonite v lng nc tip xc m ti im bo ha th
tch ca n c th gp t 12 n 15 ln th tch ban u. S tng khong cch gia cc
lp c gii thch l do s hydrat ha ca cc cation gia cc lp.
Thng thng, ti trng thi kh tuyt i, khong cch t mt trn lp MMT ny
n mt trn lp MMT kia (trn hnh 2.1 c k hiu l d(001)) l 1 nm. Nhng ti
trng thi kh khng kh, d(001) ca Na-Bentonite v Ca-Bentonite ln lt l 1.26nm,
1.54nm. iu ny chng t trng n ca Bentonite ph thuc vo bn cht cation
gia 2 lp MMT kt nhau (M.Onal, 2006).
Kh nng hp ph c mt th tch nc ln, lm Bentonite c tnh nht, do
do vy cu trc ca n bn nhit, bn lc, kh b ph v.
xiv

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
ng ch l d c b hydrate ha v lm kh nhiu ln th kh nng hp ph
nc ca Bentonite vn khng gim i. Bn cnh , Bentonite cn c din tch b mt
ln khong 600 n 800 m2/gam. Nhng tnh cht vt l ny lm cho Bentonite tr
thnh 1 cht c tnh hp ph tt (V Th Hoi, 2010).
Tnh cht bn nhit
Trong nghin cu ca Gulgun Yilmaz v nh hng ca nhit n c tnh ca
Bentonite, Gulgun Yilmaz kho st ti cc nhit 100 oC, 200oC, 300oC, 400oC,
500oC v thu c kt qu nh sau:
- Nhit mt nc l 80 100oC, ng vi nhit ha hi ca nc.
- Tnh nht, tnh trng n ca Bentonite gim dn khi tng dn nhit .
- Cu trc Bentonite b ph v ti nhit 500oC.
Do vy, Bentonite l cht c tnh bn nhit (Gulgun Yilmaz, 2011).
Tnh cht trao i cation
Mt trong nhng tnh cht c bn ca Bentonite l tnh cht trao i cation.
Bentonite c kh nng trao i cation Al 3+ khi bt din bng 1 cation khc c in
dng b hn, hoc cng in tch v c bn knh nh hn (chng hn nh Mg2+, Fe3+,
Cr3+, Zn2+...). iu ny gy ra s mt cn bng in tch trong phn t MMT, to ra 1
lp in tch m trong phn t MMT.
Kh nng trao i ion ph thuc vo in tch v bn knh ion ca cation trao i.
Cation c in tch thp d trao i hn cation c in tch cao:
Me+ > Me2+ > Me3+
i vi cation cng in tch, bn knh ion cng nh th kh nng trao i cng
ln, c th sp xp theo trt t sau:
Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Al3+
(V Th Hoi, 2010)
xv

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
Cu trc l xp
Bentonite c cu trc l xp. Nhng l xp ny c kch thc khc nhau, thng
thng chng l hnh tr v vi 3 mc kch thc khc nhau: nh hn 2 nm, t 2 nm
n 50 nm v ln hn 50 nm (xc nh bng phng php nitrogen). Trong l c
kch thc ln hn 50 nm l t nht (M.Onal, 2006).
Kh nng hp ph ca Bentonite
i vi nhng phn t khng phn cc nh: nitrogen, argon, ethane kh nng
hp ph b mt ca Bentonite rt km.Ngc li i vi nhng phn t phn cc nh:
chui alcol, glycerol, carbohydrates, ethylen glycol, mu hu c chng hp ph rt
tt (M.Onal, 2006).
Tnh kt dnh
Khi trn vi nc, Bentonite s c kh nng kt dnh mnh nn t thi xa xa
con ngi bit s dng loi st ny nn thnh cc vt dng nhm mc ch phc
v i sng. Li dng tnh cht kt dnh ny, trong cc xng c gang, Bentonite
c dng lm cht kt dnh v qung bt thnh vin trc khi a vo l nung,
hoc lm cht kt dnh trong khun ct c (V Th Hoi, 2010).
Tnh tr
Bentonite tr v bn ha hc nn khng c, c th n c. Bentonite c
dng lm cht n trong dc phm, thc n gia sc, m phm, lm cht lc sch v
ty mu cho bia, ru vang v mt ong...(V Th Hoi, 2010).
Tnh nht do
Do c cu trc lp, c xp cao, c kh nng trng n mnh trong nc nn
Bentonite c tnh nht v do. Do c cc tnh cht ny m Bentonite c s dng lm
ph gia bi trn mi khoan, gia c thnh ca l khoan, lm ph gia trong xi mng
Portland, ch va v cht dnh kt c bit (V Th Hoi, 2010).

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Hunh c Hnh

2.3.3. ng dng ca Bentonite

Lm cht xc tc trong cc qu trnh tng hp hu c
Vic bin tnh Bentonite bng phng php trao i cation kim loi a ha tr nh
Ti4+, Zr4+, Al3+, Si4+... to ra vt liu st c axit v xp cao hn, c kh nng xc
tc cho mt s phn ng hu c. V d: s dng vt liu st ny lm cht xc tc axit
rn trong phn ng hu c pha lng thun li hn nhiu so vi axit lng. Sau khi kt
thc phn ng ch cn lc hn hp phn ng c th tch cht xc tc rn ra khi hn
hp phn ng.
Ngoi ra, do Bentonite c kh nng hp ph cao nn c th hp ph cc cht xc
tc trn b mt trong gia cc lp. V vy, Bentonite c s dng lm cht mang xc
tc cho nhiu phn ng tng hp hu c.
Lm vt liu hp ph
Bentonite c dng rng ri lm cht hp ph trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip.
Trong cng nghip lc du, lng Bentonite c s dng vi lng rt ln, bao gm
Bentonite t nhin v Bentonite bin tnh. Lng Bentonite t nhin tiu tn cho
qu trnh lc du l 25% khi lng du v lng Bentonite bin tnh bng 10%
khi lng du. Vic s dng Bentonite lm cht hp ph u vit hn hn phng
php ra kim. Lng Bentonite mt i trong qu trnh tinh ch ch bng 0,5% lng
du c tinh ch. Ngoi ra, phng php dng Bentonite cn c mc hao ph du thp
do trnh c phn ng thy phn.
Trong cng nghip ha than, Bentonite c s dng tinh ch benzen th v
cc bn sn phm khc.
Vi t cch l mt cht hp ph c bit, Bentonite cn c s dng rng ri
sn xut nhin liu lng tng hp, sn xut cc cht mu, sn xut cc vitamin
Dng Bentonite ch to cc dung dch khoan

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Hunh c Hnh
Bentonite c th to ra cc dung dch khoan vi cht lng c bit cao v chi ph
nguyn liu thp. V th, cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh thm d v khai thc du,
lng Bentonite c s dng trong vic ch to dung dch khoan ngy cng tng.
Ngy nay M, lng Bentonite c s dng lm dung dch khoan chim ti 40%
tng sn lng Bentonite ca nc ny.
Cc chc nng quan trng ca Bentonite trong dung dch khoan l:
- Lm tng kh nng lu chuyn ca dung dch khoan do c nht cao ngay c
khi nng cht rn thp.
- To huyn ph vi cc tc nhn v mn khoan gy lng khi ngng lu chuyn
dung dch khoan v mt l do no .
- Ngn cn s mt dung dch vo cc tng c p sut thp, thm nc nh vic to
nn lp bnh lc khng thm nc trn thnh l khoan. Lp bnh lc ny khng ch
ngn khi b mt dung dch m cn c tc dng nh mt ci mng cng lm bn thnh
l khoan.
Lm vt liu iu ch st hu c v nanocompozit
Gn y, vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh nano, nhiu ngnh cng
nghip s dng Bentonite ngy cng nhiu. Cng ngh nano s dng st hu c trn
vi cc cht khc ch to ra cc vt liu mi. St hu c c trn vi cc polymer
composite ch to ra cc polymer nano st - composite. Cc polymer composite
c trn thm cc ht nano Bentonite, khi c ko thnh mng s cho mng kn hn
rt nhiu so vi polimer khng trn v khi ko, cn, cc ht nano Bentonite ny nm ri
rc trn b mt polymer, c kh nng ngn cn hiu qu nhiu loi phn t i qua. Cc
ht nano Bentonite ny trn vi polimer khng nhng kn m cn bn hn nhiu, do
p ng yu cu lm cc ng mm truyn dn thuc, dn mu trong y t.
Dng trong mt s lnh vc khac

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Hunh c Hnh
Mt lng ln Bentonite c s dng lm cht n trong cng nghip sn
xut vt liu tng hp (x phng, vi si...). c bit, trong cng nghip sn xut giy,
vic trn thm Bentonite lm tng hm lng cao lanh, gim lng xenlulo cn c
trong giy, lm tng ng k cht lng v gim gi thnh ca giy.
Trong cng nghip bia ru, Bentonite hp ph cc cht hu c, cc cht bo, cc
sn phm ph khng mong mun trong qu trnh ln men, ng thi hp ph c ion st,
ng v cc tc nhn gy bnh ca ru, li khng lm mt hng v ca ru, bia.
nhiu vng cha c nh my nc trn th gii, vic s dng Bentonite lm
sch cc ngun nc mt nh nc sng ngi, knh mng v cc ngun ging khoan
c ngha thc tin quan trng. Bentonite l mt cht c kh nng trao i ion, kh
tnh cng ca nc, hp ph hng lot cc ion gy c, mt lng ln cc vi khun,
cht hu c c trong nc ng thi lm kt ta cc vn c m gi thnh r hn nhiu
so vi vic dng phn nhm trong x l nc.
Do c tnh tr, khng c hi nn Bentonite cn c dng lm ph gia trong
thuc tiu ha thc n v gip iu tit axit cho ng vt, lm ph gia dc phm (V
Th Hoi, 2010).

2.3.4. Hot ng khai thac Bentonite

Cc m Bentonite kim trn th gii thng c hm lng MMT cao, nn cc
cng trnh nghin cu v lm giu, lm sch Bentonite kim nng cao hm lng
MMT-Na trn th gii l khng nhiu. i vi nhng m Bentonite kim c hm
lng MMT cao nh Bentonit kim Wyoming (M) ngi ta c th trc tip s dng
m khng cn qua giai on lm giu, hoc bin tnh n.
Trn th gii s lng khong Bentonite kim th (cha cc cation Ca +2, Mg+2,
) vi hm lng MMT cao tng i nhiu, nhng dng Bentonite kim li c
ng dng nhiu hn, v vy c rt nhiu nghin cu chuyn ha Bentonite kim
th v dng Bentonite kim. V ngy nay cng ngh chuyn ha Bentonite dng

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Hunh c Hnh
kim th sang dng kim c a vo vn hnh nhiu nh my v sn xut ra
hng trm nghn tn sn phm mi nm.
Phng php hot ha chuyn Bentonite kim th v dng Bentonit kim nh
sau: qung Bentonite kim th c phn cp, p, nghin n c ht thch hp. Sau
qung c trn u vi tc nhn hot ha (l cc mui ca natri nh Na 2CO3,
NaCl, ...) theo mt t l thch hp v nung hn hp trong l quay vi nhit trong
khong 300400oC, sn phm hot ha c ng bao v a i s dng. Ngi ta
cng s dng cc tc nhn hot ha khc nh axit v c (H 2SO4, HNO3, HCl) v cc
cht hu c khc hot ha Bentonit kim v Bentonit kim th nhm thu nhanh cc
sn phm hot ha cho nhng mc ch s dng khc nhau (V Th Hoi, 2010).

2.3.5. Gii thiu v Bentonit Bnh Thun Vit Nam

Ti Vit Nam, Bentonite c pht hin nhiu ni: C nh (Thanh Ha), Di
Linh (Lm ng), Bnh Thun, Mc Chu... vi tr lng di do. Trong , m
Bentonite Bnh Thun c tr lng ln hng trm triu tn, mi c tm thy nm
1987.
Bng 2.1: Thnh phn khong vt Bentonite Bnh Thun.
Tn khong cht Thnh phn (% theo khi lng)
Montmorillonite

49 51

Illite

79

Kaolinite Clorite

13 15

Quartz

68

Feldspar

79

Gypsum

46

Calcite

46
(Cng ty C phn Khong sn Bentonite Minh H)
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Hunh c Hnh
Bnh Thun c c trng bi kh hu kh nng, lng ma t v l ni phn b
rng ri magma giu kim (giu Na v K). Vi nhng c im trn, Bentonit c
to thnh bi hai qu trnh thy phn v qu trnh hp ph trao i cation. Tr lng c
th khai thc c Nha M khong 42 triu tn, thung lng Vnh Ho khong 33
triu tn. Hm lng MMT trong st Bnh Thun kh cao, khong t 49% n 51%,
tp cht ch yu trong khong st l canxit, thch anh vi tinh th, phenspat, cao lanh,
illite c th hin c th trong bng 2.1 (Cng ty C phn Khong sn Bentonite
Minh H).
Trong thc t, ty theo mc ch s dng cho tng lnh vc m i hi v hm
lng MMT cng khc nhau, nh khi dng lm khun c trong ngnh thp hoc s
dng trong nng nghip th c th dng Bentonite nguyn khai hay ch qua khu x l
qung s b, cn nu dng cho mc ch lm cht xc tc, s dng trong ngnh y, dng
sn xut st hu c th i hi phi lm sch, lm giu Bentonit nng hm lng
montmorillonite trong Bentonite ln cao (V Th Hoi, 2010).
Thnh phn ha hc ca Bentonite Bnh Thun ch yu l SiO 2 (55.9%)2, Al2O3
(17.6%), c bit l khi lng kim loi kim nhiu gp 2 ln kim loi kim th cho
thy Bentonite Bnh Thun ch yu l Bentonite dng kim. Hm lng, thnh phn
ha hc ca Bentonite Bnh thun c th hin trong bng 2.2
Bng 2.2: Thnh phn ha hc ca Bentonite Bnh Thun.
Thnh
phn ha
hc

SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3

Na2O +
K2O

CaO +
MgO

MKN

Thnh
phn khc

n v
%

Hm lng 55.9

17.6

2.85

4.05

2.02

10

7.58

(theo khi
lng)

(Cng ty C phn Khong sn Bentonite Minh H)

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2.4. C s l thuyt
2.4.1. C s khoa hoc v qua trnh bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric
Quy trnh bin tnh
M. M. Kashani Motlaghi (2011); Tulay ALEMDARO GLU (2003) thc hin
bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric theo qui trnh nh hnh 2.6.
Ben-MH
Acid sulfuric 98%

Khuy trn u nhit cao

ui ion sulfate t do (SO42-)

Nghin nh
Sy kh 105oC

Bentonite sau bin tnh

Hnh 2.6: Quy trnh bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric.
( M. M. Kashani Motlaghi, 2011; Tulay ALEMDARO GLU, 2011)
Kt qu thc nghim khi phn tch Bentonite sau bin tnh c tm tt nh sau:
- Cu trc tinh th ca Bentonite sau bin tnh b bin i. Hm lng MMT,
gypsum, calcite gim dn khi tng lng acid sulfuric trong qu trnh bin tnh. Mt
khc quartz, feldspar khng b bin i.

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Hunh c Hnh
- Thnh phn ha hc ca Bentonite sau bin tnh cng c nhiu thay i. Khi tng
lng acid sulfuric, t l phn trm theo khi lng ca Al 2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO,
Na2O, K2O gim dn. Th t ha tan trong acid ln lt l: Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Al.
Trong khi t l phn trm theo khi lng ca SiO2 tng dn.
- Din tch b mt tng dn (phng php BET) v xut hin nhiu l mao qun c
rng tng dn (phng php quang ph FT-IR) khi tng dn lng acid sulfuric. Khi
lng acid sulfuric qu cao, nhng l mao qun k nhau s n rng v lin kt vi
nhau thnh 1 l mao qun ln, dn n din tch b mt gim nh (M. M. Kashani
Motlaghi, 2011, phng php XRD-nhiu x tia X).
Kt qu ca M. M. Kashani Motlaghi (2011) ph hp vi nhng d on ca
Tulay ALEMDARO GLU (2003) v c ch bin tnh bng acid sulfuric. Tulay
ALEMDARO GLU (2003) d on nh sau:
Khi qu trnh bin tnh xy ra, proton H+ ca acid sulfuric i vo vng thm nhp
ca Bentonite v lm cho vng ny tch in dng. a v trng thi cn bng
in tch, Bentonite phi nhng proton, nhm hydroxyl OH ti gc bt din tr nn
km bn, lin kt ti dn b ph v. Al 3+ tch ra khi khi bt din, to ra l hng ti
tm khi bt din, lm cho vng ny in m, bt din b ph v. Nhiu bt din b ph
v lin k nhau to thnh 1 lp mng tch in m (Tulay ALEMDARO GLU, 2003).

Kt lun: Sau qu trnh bin tnh bng acid sulfuric, xut hin chnh lch in

tch trong cu trc Bentonite, din tch b mt Bentonite tng ln, xut hin nhiu l
rng, cu trc tr nn xp hn. Nhng tnh cht ny khng nh Bentonite sau bin tnh
c kh nng hp ph tt cc ion. V vy, ti quyt nh chn acid sulfuric lm tc
nhn bin tnh Bentonite.

2.4.2. C s khoa hoc v qua trnh hp ph

Hp ph l s li cun cc phn t kh hi hoc cc phn t, ion ca cht tan t
pha ny sang pha khc. Hai pha ny c th l lng rn, kh lng, kh rn. Cht m

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trn b mt ca n c s hp ph xy ra gi l cht hp ph, cn cht m c li cun
vo cht hp ph c gi l cht b hp ph.
Da theo c ch hp ph, hp ph c chia lm 2 loi: hp ph vt l v hp ph
ha hc.
Hp ph vt l: din ra nhit thp, qu trnh ny ta nhit khng ng k.
Lc hp ph thng thng l lc Van Der Waals. Qu trnh ny l qu trnh thun
nghch hon ton, c th l hp ph n lp hoc a lp. Cn bng thit lp khi vn tc
hp ph bng vn tc gii hp.
Hp ph ha hc: l kt qu ca s tng tc ha hc gia cht hp ph v cht
b hp ph. Lc hp ph l lc lin kt ha hc. Hp ph ha hc thng xy ra nhit
cao, nhit to lin kt v qu trnh ny l qu trnh khng thun nghch.
Trong thc t, hp ph vt l v hp ph ha hc thng din ra cng nhau, ty
theo iu kin hp ph m hp ph loi ny c th chim u th hn loi kia (Th.S
Lm Vnh Sn).
Trong gii hn cho php, ti ch kho st 2 m hnh hp ph ng nhit c bn
Langmuir, Freundlich nhm a ra bn cht ca qu trnh hp ph ca Bentonite.
M hnh hp ph ng nhit Langmuir
M hnh hp ph Langmuir c xy dng da trn cc gi thuyt (1918):
- Trn b mt cht hp ph c cc trung tm hot ng gi l cc tm hp ph. S
tm hp ph cng nhiu th hot ng ca cht hp ph cng cao.
- Mi mt tm hp ph ch c kh nng hp ph mt phn t ca cht b hp ph
hnh thnh mt lp n phn t.
- B mt cht hp ph l ng nht v nng lng, ngha l nng lng hp ph ln
cc phn t ca cht b hp ph l nh nhau v khng ph thuc vo s c mt ca cc
phn t b hp ph cc tm bn cnh.

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Hunh c Hnh
- Qu trnh hp ph l qu trnh cn bng ng, tc l qu trnh hp ph v nh hp
c tc bng nhau khi t trng thi cn bng.
Phng trnh ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir:

Trong :

(1)

: nng sut hp ph (mg/g).

: nng sut hp ph ti a (mg/g).

: nng cht b hp ph ti im cn bng (ppm).

: hng s hp ph ng nhit theo Langmuir (L/mg).

(1)

(2)

Vi:

c dng:

Y=

(2)

Y = aX + b

;X=

v a =

M hnh hp ph ng nhit Freundlich

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Hunh c Hnh
M hnh Freundlich c dng cho trng hp nng lng b mt l khng ng
nht. Khi quan st mi tng quan gia q e v Ce, Freundlich (1906) a ra phng
trnh:

Trong :

(3)

: nng sut hp ph (mg/g)

: nng cht b hp ph ti im cn bng (ppm).

: h s hp ph ng nhit theo Freundlich.

(3)

(4)

ln

c dng:

Vi:

= ln

+ ln

(4)

Y = aX + b

Y = ln

; X = ln

v a = ; b = ln

2.5. Tnh hnh nghin cu v Bentonite gn y

Trn th gii
Vic s dng Bentonite hp ph mu, hp ph kim loi c nghin cu
nhiu trn th gii. Mt vi nghin cu ni bt gn y nht: nm 2008, Meral Turabik
nghin cu kh nng hp ph 2 dung dch mu n: , vng v 1 dung dch mu
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Hunh c Hnh
hn hp (50% , 50% vng) ca Bentonite. Nm 2009, mt phc h Bentonite vi
poly epicholorohydrin dimethylamine c nghin cu bi Qi Kang v cc cng s ti
i hc Shandong, Trung Quc nhm to ra 1 dng Bentonite khc c kh nng hp
ph cao hn Bentonite n thun. Nm 2011, Qian Li cng cc cng s ti ti phng
th nghim thuc i hc Shandong, Trung Quc tin hnh nghin cu qu trnh ng
lc hc ca qu trnh hp ph thuc nhum acid.
Ti Vit Nam
Bentonite ng dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc k thut nh ch to khun c,
luy n kim, xy dng dn dng, cng nghi p khoan, nng nghip, m phm v y t. V
mt mi trng, Bentonite cha c ng dng rng ri. Mt vi nghin cu gn y
l: L T Hi (2008), nghin cu kh nng hp ph Mangan trong dung dch nc trn
Bentonite Bnh Thun; Phm Trung Tnh (2003), nghin cu kh nng hp ph mt s
kim loi nng (Fe2+, Mn2+) trn Bentonit Di Linh- Lm ng hot ha, kha lun tt
nghip, H Quc Gia H Ni, Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin.

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3. Chng 3: NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1. Ni dung thc hin
Cc ni dung chnh c thc hin trong ti:
- Bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric.
- Kho st khi lng Bentonite ti u cho qu trnh hp ph.
- Kho st pH dung dch ti u cho qu trnh hp ph.
- Kho st thi gian hp ph ti u cho qu trnh hp ph.
- Kho st nhit hp ph ti u cho qu trnh hp ph.
- Thit lp m hnh hp ph ng nhit theo Langmuir, Freundlich.

3.2. Phng phap nghin cu

3.2.1. Phng phap thu thp thng tin, tham kho ti liu
Tm hiu, c ti liu v cc vn lin quan n ni dung nghin cu.

3.2.2. Phng phap phn tch ph hp thu phn t

Nguyn tc: Chiu 1 chm tia c bc sng ph hp, cng n nh, ng
nht ti mi im n cht cn phn tch. o cng chm tia cn li sau khi chiu
qua cht cn phn tch nh lng cht cn phn tch (Hong Minh Chu).
Phng php ny da trn nh lut Lambert Beer
A=lC
Trong :

A: hp thu phn t.
: hng s hp thu phn t (g/mg.cm)
l: b dy ca cuvet (cm)

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Hunh c Hnh
C: nng cht cn phn tch (mg/g)

3.2.3. Phng phap x l s liu

Hiu sut hp ph
Hiu sut hp ph l t s gia nng dung dch b hp ph v nng dung
dch ban u, c xc nh bng cng thc:

H% =

Trong :

100%

C0: nng dung dch Methyl cam ban u (mg/L)

Ce: nng dung dch Methyl cam sau hp ph (mg/L)

Nng sut hp ph
Nng sut hp ph c tnh bng khi lng cht b hp ph trn mt n v
khi lng cht hp ph iu kin xc nh v nng v nhit , c xc nh
bng cng thc:

qe =

Trong :

qe: nng sut hp ph ca bentonite (mg/g)

V: th tch dung dch Methyl cam kho st.
m: khi lng bentonite kho st.

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3.3. Phng phap thc nghim

3.3.1. Chun b vt liu
Bentonite: mua t cng ty C phn khong sn Bentonite Minh H, c bo
qun trong t sy nhit 70oC trnh m. Thnh phn ha hc ca Bentonite c
th hin trong bng 2.2
Acid sulfuric m c: nguyn liu cho qu trnh bin tnh Bentonite. H 2SO4
98%: xut s Trung Quc. Khi lng ring d = 1.84 g/mL.
Methyl cam: xut x: Trung Quc, nguyn liu dng pha nc thi tng hp.
- Chun b dung dch gc 250 ppm: cn 250 mg Methyl cam cho vo bnh nh
mc 1000 mL, nh mc bng nc ct n vch c sn.
- To dung dch chun 100ppm: ht 20 mL dung dch chun gc 250 ppm cho vo
bnh nh mc 50 mL, sau nh mc bng nc ct n vch 50 mL. Dung dch ny
dng to dy chun.
- To dung dch mu 40 ppm: ht 40 ml dung dch chun gc cho vo bnh nh
mc 250 mL. Sau , nh mc bng nc ct n 250 mL.

3.3.2. Kho sat kh nng bin tnh Bentonite bng acid sulfuric
Bin tnh bentonite
Qua thc nghim, Bentonite Minh H ban u khng c kh nng hp ph mu
ca dung dch Methyl cam. Do vy hp ph c i hi phi bin i cu trc, tnh
cht ca Bentonite.
ti tin hnh bin tnh Bentonite theo quy trnh nh hnh 2.6
Cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1:

Cn chnh xc 30 g Bentonite cho vo 9 beaker 1000 mL.

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Bc 2:

Ln lt thm vo beaker: 250 mL nc ct, V mL th tch chnh xc

ca acid sulfuric c th hin trong bng 4.2.

Bc 3:

t erlen ln my khuy t, gia nhit 90 oC trong 1 gi.

Bc 4:

Sau 1 gi, ly beaker xung ngui khong 15 pht.

Bc 5:

Thm nc ct vo beaker cho n vch 1000 mL, dung dch lng

trong 30 pht.
Bc 6:

Gn ton b phn dch lng trn vo thau nha.

Bc 7:

Dng ng nh git ht dung dch BaCl 2 5M nh vo thau nha nu

thy c kt ta trng to thnh th quay li bc 5. Mc ch bc ny nhm kim tra

li xem ui hon ton ion SO42- ra khi dung dch cha.
(Ch : Tip tc thao tc cho n khi nh BaCl 2 vo beaker, dung dch khng to
kt ta trng chuyn sang thc hin bc 8).
Bc 8:

Dng giy lc 0.5 nm, lc ly phn rn ca dung dch trong beaker.

Bc 9:

Chuyn cht rn thu c trn giy lc vo a petri (90x15 mm, a

sch chun b t trc), mang i sy nhit 105 oC.

Bc 10: a petri ny c sy kh n khi khi lng cn ca 2 ln cn lin
tip chnh nhau khng qu 0.005 g th kt thc giai on sy kh.
Bc 11: Sau khi c sy kh, Bentonite sau bin tnh c nghin nh, v
c bo qun trong t sy 105 oC.
Sn phm sau qu trnh bin tnh c k hiu l BS.
Acid sulfuric c trn vi Bentonite theo 1 t l D nh sau:

D=

100 %

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Hunh c Hnh
Theo , mu BS c D = 5% c t tn l BS05, v BS100 tng ng vi mu
BS c D = 100%.
Bng 3.3: T l phi trn gia acid sulfuric v Bentonite
STT
Tn mu
Th tch H2SO4
(mL)

BS00 BS05 BS15 BS30 BS50 BS70 BS75 BS80 BS100

0

0.5

2.5

11.5

12

13

16.5

Kho st kh nng hp ph ca bentonite bin tnh

Kho st ny nhm mc ch xc nh c t l phi trn acid/Bentonite ti u.
Cc bc thc hin
- Chun b 9 beaker 1000 mL, nh s t 1 n 9.
- Cn gn ng 3 g mi loi Bentonite sau bin tnh cho vo beaker nh s
theo ng th t.
- Chuyn 250 mL dung dch mu 40 ppm vo mi beaker.
- Khuy tc 120 vng/pht trong 1 gi, ti nhit phng 32oC.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.
- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o pH ca phn dung dch cn li trong beaker.
- Ty theo pH ca dung dch m chn bc sng o hp thu.
- o v ghi li kt qu thu hp ca dung dch vo bng.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Da theo hiu sut hp ph, chn ra BS ti u.
Cc kho st sau c thc hin bng BS ti u.
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3.3.3. Kho sat khi lng cht hp ph ti u

Trong vic kho st qu trnh hp ph, u tin bao gi cng xt n yu t khi
lng cht hp ph ti u.
Cc bc thc hin
- Chun b 8 beaker 1000 mL nh s t 1 n 8.
- Cn ln lt chnh xc 0.5; 1; 3; 3.5; 4; 5; 7; 10g BS ti u cho vo beaker
1000mL.
- Cc mu c t tn ln lt l A-0.5, A-1; A-3; A-3.5; A-4; A-5; A-7; A-10.
- Chuyn 250 mL dung dch mu 40 ppm vo mi beaker.
- Khuy cc beaker ti nhit phng trong 1 gi vi tc khuy 120 vng/pht.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.
- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o v ghi li kt qu hp thu ca dung dch.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Da theo hiu sut hp ph, chn ra A g khi lng ti u

3.3.4. Kho sat yu t pH ca dung dch Methyl cam

Qu trnh hp ph ca BS lin quan mt thit n s trao i gia ion trong khi
bt din vi ion ca phn t cht b hp ph. S hin din H + v OH- trong dung dch
cht b hp ph s nh hng n qu trnh hp ph.
Cc bc thc hin:
- Chun b 6 beaker 1000 mL.
- Cn gn ng A g BS ti u (A l gi tr khi lng ti u thu c t mc 3.3.3)
cho vo beaker 1000 mL.

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- Chuyn 250 mL dung dch mu 40 ppm vo mi beaker, chnh pH ca dung dch
v cc im: 3; 5; 7; 9; 11; 13.
- Cc mu c t tn ln lt l B-3; B-5; B-7; B-9; B-11; B-13.
- Khuy cc beaker ti nhit phng trong 1 gi vi tc khuy 120 vng/pht.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.
- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o v ghi li kt qu hp thu ca dung dch.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Da theo hiu sut hp ph, chn ra gi tr pH ti u ca dung dch l B.

3.3.5. Kho sat yu t thi gian hp ph ti u

Thi gian hp ph c lin quan mt thit n hiu sut v nng sut hp ph. Khi
thi gian hp ph ngn, hiu sut v nng sut hp ph s khng cao. Ngc li, khi
thi gian hp ph di, hiu sut v nng sut hp ph s cao. V vy cn phi xc nh
khong thi gian mang li hiu qu hp ph cao nhng khng gy lng ph.
Cc bc thc hin:
- Chun b 5 beaker 1000 mL.
- Cn gn ng A g BS ti u cho vo beaker 1000 mL.
- Chuyn 250 mL dung dch mu 40 ppm ti pH = B (B l gi tr pH ti u ca
dung dch thu c t mc 3.3.4) vo mi beaker.
- Khuy cc beaker ti nhit phng trong 5; 15; 30; 60; 90 pht vi tc khuy
120 vng/pht.
- Cc mu c t tn ln lt l C-5; C-15; C-30; C-60; C-90.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.

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- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o v ghi li kt qu hp thu ca dung dch.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Da theo hiu sut hp ph, chn ra gi tr thi gian hp ph ti u l C pht.

3.3.6. Kho sat yu t nhit hp ph

Nhit ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh hp ph. Nhit cao lm cho
vn tc chuyn ng nhit hn lon ca cc phn t trong dung dch cao hn, lm nh
hng n hiu sut v nng sut hp ph.
Cc bc thc hin:
- Chun b 3 beaker 500 mL.
- Cn gn ng 3g BS ti u cho vo beaker 500 mL.
- Chuyn 250 mL dung dch mu 40 ppm ti pH B vo mi beaker.
- Khuy cc beaker ti cc nhit 32; 70; 95 oC trong khong C pht (thi gian ti
u c chn t kho st yu t thi gian hp ph).
- Cc mu c t tn ln lt l D-32; D-70; D-95.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.
- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o v ghi li kt qu hp thu ca dung dch.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Da theo hiu sut hp ph, chn ra gi tr nhit hp ph ti u l D oC.

3.3.7. Kho sat ng ng nhit hp ph

Kho st ny nhm tm ra c ch hp ph ca Bentonite sau bin tnh.

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Cc bc thc hin:
- Pha 250 mL dung dch Methyl cam u vo c nng ln lt l 10; 40; 70;
100; 150; 200 ppm vi pH = B cho kho st
- Chun b 6 beaker 500 mL.
- Cn gn ng A g BS ti u cho vo mi beaker.
- Chuyn cc dung dch Methyl cam vo beaker theo th t nng tng dn.
- Khuy cc beaker trn ti nhit : 32oC, trong C pht.
- Sau tt my khuy, dung dch lng trong 12 gi.
- Chit phn dch lng trn mang i ly tm 6000 vng/pht trong 20 pht.
- o v ghi li kt qu hp thu ca dung dch.
- Tnh ton nng sut, hiu sut hp ph.
Lp li cc bc trn cc nhit 55 oC v 75 oC.

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4. CHNG 4: KT QU V THO LUN

4.1. Kt qu thc nghim
4.1.1. Kt qu bin tnh Bentonite
Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.2, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.1 v hnh 4.1.
Bng 4.4: Kt qu kho st t l phi trn acid-bentonite
STT

Mu BS00 BS05 BS15 BS30 BS50 BS70 BS75 BS80 BS100

Ce

40

37.45 32.16 25.17 15.28

7.68

25.65

ppm

qe

0.000 0.213 0.653 1.236 2.060 2.839 3.315 2.693

1.196

mg/g

0.00

35.88

6.37

5.93

0.219

n v o

19.60 37.08 61.80 85.18 99.45 80.80

Nhn xt:
Da vo hnh 4.1 di y, c th thy c BS75 c hiu sut v nng sut hp
ph vt tri hn hn cc mu khc. Hiu sut v nng sut hp ph tng dn u t
BS00 n BS75; sau gim dn u n BS80 v gim t ngt n BS100. Do vy,
t l phi trn acid/bentonite ti u l 75%.
Nhng thay i ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Th nht: Khi tng hm lng acid sulfuric, nng H + trong dung dch tng ln
thc y qu trnh bin tnh Bentonite, lm cho Bentonite c kh nng hp ph tt hn.
Th hai: Khi hm lng acid sulfuric vt mc gii hn (ti BS 80), nng H +
trong dung dch qu cao, qu trnh bin tnh xy ra mnh m, cu trc hu nh b ph
v hon ton, lm cho mt vi v tr trn Bentonite mt kh nng hp ph. ( trnh
by mc 2.4.1).
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Hnh 4.7: th nng sut hp ph ca cc loi Bentonite sulfuric.

4.1.2. Kt qu kho sat khi lng cht hp ph ti u

Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.3, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.2 v hnh 4.2.
Bng 4.5: Kt qu kho st khi lng BS75 ti u
STT

Mu

A-0.5

A-1

A-3

A-3.5

A-4

A-5

A-7

A-10

qe

18.441

9.698

3.315

2.842

2.488

1.991

1.422

0.996

mg/g

92.21

96.98

99.45

99.48

99.52

99.53

99.56

99.58

n v o

Nhn xt:
Da vo hnh 4.2 di y c th thy rng, khi tng khi lng Bentonite 0.5 ln
3 g, nng sut hp ph gim mnh, hiu sut hp ph tng dn. Nhng khi tng khi
lng Bentonite t 3 n 10 g, hiu sut hp ph ch tng nh t 99.45% ln 99.58%,
nng sut hp ph gim dn u. Do vy, chn khi lng Bentonite ti u l 3 g.

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Hnh 4.8: th kho st khi lng BS75 ti u

Nhng thay i ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Nng sut hp ph gim dn khi tng khi lng Bentonite t 0.5 ln 3 g, ng vi
bn cht ca cng thc tnh nng sut hp ph. i vi hiu sut hp ph, khi tng dn
khi lng Bentonite, qu trnh hp ph din ra mnh hn, dn t ti trng thi cn
bng. Do vy, d c tng khi lng Bentonite ln gp 3 ln th hiu sut hp ph cng
khng tng ng k.

4.1.3. Kt qu kho sat yu t pH ca dung dch Methyl cam

Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.4, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.3 v hnh 4.3.
Ch : nhng dung dch c gi tr pH < 4.4 khi o hp thu phi dng bc
sng 500 nm, cn li dng bc sng 465 nm.
Nhn xt:

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Hunh c Hnh
Da vo hnh 4.3 di y c th thy rng, hiu sut v nng sut hp ph gim
khi gi tr pH tng, gim nh trong khong pH t 5 n 9, gim mnh trong khong t
9 n 13. Ngc li, khi gi tr pH gim xung, hiu sut v nng sut hp ph gim
nh. Do vy, pH = 5 l gi tr pH ti u ca dung dch Methyl cam.
Bng 4.6: Kt qu kho st pH dung dch ti u.
STT

Mu

B-3

B-5

B-7

B-9

B-11

B-13

pH trc hp ph

3.03

5.5

6.97

9.05

11.02

13

pH sau hp ph

2.90

5.37

6.87

8.75

10.87

12.78

qe

3.229

3.315

3.252

3.188

2.772

2.029

mg/g

96.855

99.451

97.567

95.641

83.162

60.884

Hnh 4.9: Kt qu kho st pH mi trng.

Nhng thay i ny c th c gii thch nh sau:

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Khi tng gi tr pH, nng OH - trong dung dch tng dn, gc OH - linh ng
hn gc Methyl cam chnh iu ny lm cn tr qu trnh hp ph Methyl cam ca
Bentonite.
Khi gim gi tr pH, nng H+ trong dung dch tng dn, mt phn H+ i vo
Methyl cam, chuyn Methyl cam t dng vng chuyn sang dng , gy kh khn cho
qu trnh hp ph. Phn H+ cn li tip tc i vo v ph v khi bt din ca
Bentonite. Lm cho kch thc ca hai l mao quan gn nhau tng ln. Chng c xu
hng lin kt li vi nhau, to thnh 1 l mao qun ln v lm gim nng sut hp
ph ( trnh by mc 3.2.2).

4.1.4. Kt qu kho sat yu t thi gian hp ph

Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.5, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.4 v hnh 4.4.
Bng 4.7: Kt qu kho st thi gian hp ph ti u
STT

Mu

C-5

C-15

C-30

C-60

C-90

qe

2.029

3.265

3.307

3.315

3.328

mg/g

60.88

97.94

99.20

99.45

99.83

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Hnh 4.10: Kt qu kho st thi gian hp ph

Nhn xt:
Da vo hnh 4.4 c th thy rng, hiu sut hp ph t l thun vi thi gian hp
ph. th dc trong on t 5 n 30 pht, chng t vic tng thi gian hp ph t 5
ln 30 pht lm cho hiu sut hp ph tng ln ng k. Sau th thoi dn v nh
nhau gia cc khong thi gian, chng t vic tng thi gian hp ph khng cn nh
hng nhiu n hiu sut hp ph. Qua , chn 30 pht lm thi gian hp ph ti u
cho cc kho st tip theo.
Nhng thay i ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Thi gian hp ph cng ln, vn tc hp ph cng cao, cho n khi vn tc hp
ph bng vn tc gii hp, qu trnh hp ph t trng thi cn bng. V nh vy, d c
ko di qu trnh hp ph th hiu sut hp ph cng khng tng thm nhiu. Cho nn
trnh lng ph thi gian, chn 30 pht lm thi gian hp ph ti u.

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4.1.5. Kt qu kho sat yu t nhit hp ph

Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.6, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.5.
Bng 4.8: Kt qu kho st nhit hp ph ti u
STT

Mu

D-32

D-70

D-95

qe

3.307

3.086

2.962

mg/g

99.20

92.58

88.86

n v

Nhn xt:
Da vo hnh 4.5 di y, c th thy rng, vic tng nhit hp ph (t 32 ln
90 oC) lm hiu sut hp ph gim i r rt. Nhit cng cao kh nng hp ph ca
Bentonite cng dm. Nhit hp ph ti u l 32oC.
Nhng thay i ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Qu trnh hp ph chu nh hng mnh m t qu trnh nhit ng hc. Khi tng
nhit , phn t Methyl cam c nhn thm nhit lng, lm tng tc chuyn
ng ca n, gy kh khn cho qu trnh hp ph ca Bentonite. Mt khc, nhit
cao cng lm yu i lc hp ph gia bentonite v Methyl cam v dn n gim nng
sut hp ph. Nhit lng nhn c cng cao, nng sut hp ph cng gim.

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Hnh 4.11: Kt qu kho st nhit hp ph

4.1.6. Kt qu kho sat ng ng nhit hp ph

Qua qu trnh thc hin th nghim c trnh by trong mc 3.3.7, kt qu c
trnh by trong bng 4.6, bng 4.7, bng 4.8
Kh nng hp ph ca BS75 nhit 32oC c th hin qua bng 4.6:
Bng 4.9: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 32oC.
STT

n v o

Nng

40

70

100

150

200

ppm

qe

3.307

5.784

8.227

12.321

16.392

mg/g

99.20

99.16

98.73

98.57

98.35

Kh nng hp ph ca BS75 nhit 70oC c th hin qua bng 4.7:

Bng 4.10: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 70oC.
STT

n v o

Nng

40

70

100

150

200

ppm

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qe

3.086

5.280

7.110

10.132

13.168

mg/g

92.58

90.52

85.32

81.06

79.01

Kh nng hp ph ca BS75 nhit 95oC c th hin qua bng 4.8:

Bng 4.11: Kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph ca BS75 95oC.
STT

n v o

Nng

40

70

100

150

200

ppm

qe

2.962

5.001

6.538

9.323

12.415

mg/g

88.86

85.74

78.46

74.58

74.49

4.2. Tho lun c ch hp ph

T cc kt qu thu c bng 4.6, bng 4.7, bng 4.8, cc s liu c th hin
li qua cc th nh trong hnh 4.6, hnh 4.7, hnh 4.8.

Hnh 4.12: Mi tng quan gia Ce v qe

ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir
Vn dng ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir trnh by mc 2.4.2 thit lp
m hnh hp ph ng nhit Langmuir. Kt qu c th hin qua th hnh 4.7.
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Trong :

L32: ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir ti 32oC.

L70: ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir ti 70oC.
L95: ng hp ph ng nhit Langmuir ti 95oC.

Hnh 4.13: th biu din qu trnh hp ph theo m hnh Langmuir

ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich
Vn dng ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich mc 2.4.2, thit lp m hnh
hp ph ng nhit Freundlich. Kt qu c th hin qua th hnh 4.8
Trong :

F32: ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich ti 32oC.

F70: ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich ti 70oC.
F95: ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich ti 95oC.

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Hnh 4.14: th biu din qu trnh hp ph theo m hnh Freundlich

Tng hp cc h s t 2 th hnh 4.7 v hnh 4.8 thu c bng 4.9.
Bng 4.12: Tng hp h s hp ph
R2

Nhit
M hnh hp ph ng nhit Langmuir

M hnh hp ph ng nhit Freundlich

32oC

0.52

23.36

0.991

70oC

0.096

13.71

0.987

95oC

0.065

12.94

0.979

Nhit

32oC

1.512

7.413

0.989

70oC

1.906

1.807

0.991

95oC

1.809

1.309

0.993

R2

Nhn xt:
- T bng 4.9 c th thy rng, gi tr R2 2 m hnh Langmuir v Freundlich l
tng i cao, chng t qu trnh hp ph tun theo c hai m hnh Langmuir v
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Hunh c Hnh
Freundlich. Nhit cng cao, gi tr R2 theo Langmuir cng gim, ngc li cng tng
i vi Freundlich, qu trnh hp ph tun theo Langmuir nhiu hn khi nhit
thp v tun theo Freundlich nhiu hn khi nhit cao.
- C 3 h s n theo Freundlich u ln hn 1. Do vy, qu trnh hp ph tun theo
c ch ha hc l ch yu. Nhit hp ph cng cao, c ch hp ph ha hc cng
chim u th.
- Dung lng hp ph ti a qm theo Langmuir cao nht 32oC l 23.36 (mg/g).

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5. Chng 5: KT LUN V KIN NGH

5.1. Kt lun
T cc kt qu thu c, c th rt ra mt s kt lun sau:
-

Bentonite bin tnh bng acid sulfuric c kh nng hp ph tt dung dch nc

thi tng hp Methyl cam. Qu trnh x l nc thi tng hp Methyl cam t hiu sut
l 99.20%. Khi lng cht hp ph ti u l 3g cho dung dch nc thi 40ppm.
-

Hiu sut hp ph gim mnh pH cao v gim nh pH thp. Gi tr pH dung

dch nc thi ti u l 5.
-

Thi gian hp ph ti u l 30 pht. Thi gian hp ph cng ln, hiu sut hp

ph cng tng. Tri li vi thi gian, nhit hp ph cng ln, hiu sut hp ph cng
gim v gi tr ti u l 32oC.
-

Qu trnh hp ph tun theo c hai m hnh Langmuir v Freundlich, n ln hn

1 nn c ch hp ph ch yu l ha hc. Nhit hp ph cng cao, c ch hp ph

ha hc cng chim u th.

5.2. Kin ngh

Do iu kin v thi gian lm tiu lun khng nhiu cng nh nhng quy nh v
gii hn ca tiu lun nn cha th kho st ht cc mc tiu t ra. Do vy tiu lun
a ra mt s kin ngh cho nhng nghin cu tip theo nh sau:
-

Cn tin hnh kho st trn nc thi thc t nh kh nng hp ph mu ca

Bentonite.
-

Tc lng ca Bentonite sau hp ph thp, thi gian lng cao. Cn c nghin

cu nhm tng tc lng ca Bentonite sau hp ph.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit
1. inh Trn Kim Ngn, (2011). Nghin cu kh nng hp ph Pb2+ ca b tr t
nhin trong vic x l nc, i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin Tp.HCM.
2. Hunh Th Ngc Trinh, (2012). Nghin cu cu trc v tnh hp ph Amonium
trong nc ca than Tr Bc, Tp ch Khoa Hc Cng Ngh, s 6, trang 2-6.
3. Lm Vnh Sn. Bi ging qu trnh hp ph.
4. L T Hi, (2008). Nghin cu kh nng hp ph mangan trong dung dch nc
trn Bentonit Bnh Thun, Tp ch khoa hc v cng ngh, i hc Nng, s
3, trang 5-11, 17-19.
5. V Th Hoi, (2010). Nghin cu nh hng ca st hu c n mt s tnh cht
ca epoxy, Lun vn thc s khoa hc, trang 3-7.
Ti liu ting Anh
1. B. Subramanyam, (2009). Linearized and non-linearized isotherm models
comparative study on adsorption of aqueous phenol solution in soil, Int. J.
Environ. Sci. Tech, 6, p.633-640.
2. Dada, (2012).

Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and DubininRadushkevich

Isotherms Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Zn2+ UntoPhosphoric Acid

Modified Rice Husk, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, p.38-45.
3. Gulgun Yilmaz, (2011). The effects of temperature on the characteristics of
kaolinite and bentonite, Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(9), p.1928-1939.
4. K.Y. Foo, (2010). Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems,
Chemical Engineering Journal 156, p.2-10.

Tiu lun tt nghip, 2013

Hunh c Hnh
5. M. I.Mohammed, (2011). Activation of Iraqi Bentonite Powder with H2SO4 and
its Application in Oils Bleaching, Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
6. M. M. Kashani Motlagh, (2011). Effect of acid activation on structural and
bleaching properties of a Bentonit, Iranian Journal of Materials Science &
Engineering Vol. 8, Number 4, p.50-56.
7. M.Onal, (2006). Physicochemical properties of Bentonite: an overview,
Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Series B-V.52, p.7-21.
8. Oualid Hamdaoui, (2007). Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and
chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon Part I. Two-parameter models and
equations allowin determination of thermodynamic parameters, Journal of
Hazardous Materials 147, p.381394.
9. R.J.Trauger, (1994). The structure, properties, and anylysis of Bentonite in
geosynthetic clay liners, Collid Environmental Technologies Company, p.3-16.
10. Tulay ALEMDARO GLU, (2003). Investigation of the Surface Acidity of a
Bentonite Modied by Acid Activation and Thermal Treatment, Turk J Chem 27,
p.675-681.

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PH LC

Hnh 1: Bentonite trc bin tnh

Hnh 2: Bentonite sau bin tnh

Hnh 3: Qu trnh hp ph

Hnh 4: Bentonite sau hp ph

Hnh 5: Kho st khi lng hp ph ti u

lii