NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS SECOND EDmON Henry W. Ott Distinguished Memter |AWILEV:NTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION SOHN WILEY a SONS iNew York * Chichester Qriebane # Toronto * Singapore‘rea ht ada ‘Soe fed ty ten See ee the apiece sss een ey ef or Clg en a veiing should be made simple a psi, ano sls, FC es emit,PREFACE Much ha ose 0 alet the Fld of elesromagnetic compat (EMC) ate 1 yeas sine the fac eatin fhe ok tos poblaked. The {re mont angrtnt devchpeent ae he portion of a lectrons ihe commer marketplace andthe estbishnen of Tles 08 emission oni from sia tems by the Federal Communlations Commission (CC), Ae reat oer inte sabe of EMC hes ieeased dame fal "The fis eon covered baie theory and empbasied reducing the scp of eeewoie tens. Thee now 3 need for information om neon the cms from seciorc seems, capil i! tem, nd on Joost techniques for proving EMC forename pedo ls in" compentive sic, In adn there is inereaed concen boat te Sscspubliy of ecole sytem to scsoraie dacharge Tit eon ‘Vass the aerial contained in theft eton i il appa nd ns beta rine Tce Re capers have been aed on the abject ft aese aed ration fom dill eecsonc an electorate Scare Cheer | ma cute and now icudee mei on the FCC” ees lstone Chapter 2 to? wet updated and contin new mate; Chapters § ‘nd 9 age wochnged; Chapter 1,1, apd are new Chapter 0 over ‘ptt cet nose and ajeut, Chap 1 80 dg cet Fdiation, and (Ghat 1 sais ith lest dca In aon new appendit bar bon ined on FCC EC test procures (Append F). woul ike fo oxpes my praitede and sppretion Yo al tose who {hint Stott Roksan, Bob German, and Br. ‘Clayton Peal for the many {rufa dizussons we had on the sober of EMC owe spel deb of appreciation to Era Cane for er super cing ofthe mane. A spec thane slo pesto Dan Jobson who worked SoU pt th ie dpsed at ra. ay Ionut snd make usu comments snd sos. asa W OrPREFACE TO FIRST EDITION ‘This bok covers the pretial aspects of aoe surpeton and cael in ‘Setrons cit It inca primary fre pacing engine who ltvouod inthe design of lero equipment or sytem, sd aoa at fortcaching the patil spt of ee appciana. The concepts of aoe ‘eduction presented nthe Fook canbe apd to Sete opeating rom do fequences trough VHE. More emphasis i pace on Tow 10 tid-teqeeny noe pros, however, sine hse ate the len dca ‘Some of the most diet! an trusatiag potems faced by dese npner concen ciation of ot om he create OF sens, Meat Sats ot el equ o und ote cms et et Solos to ose proto are ul found by lan eer with ie ‘or no underdanding ofthe mechanism volved Such flr ar ny tine ‘ronuming aod the sltons aay prove omarion the equipment the pricier involved ae tingle and can be expnined by eimentary Poss "htt bean aca et of tte ate for an ext fours couse given Bel Latoatrce an tr presented at pr fhe hou contin ovate roam she nv. Te apache he st ‘Sig evista withthe amount anole of matt ep to = hisimum In Some cise, mode feremning psa! phenome base ‘ren sipliied to provide wore stl tern By making eae sip ing stompin, ret ving ler pl waning ae obained "ihe srpanaon ofthe mail 2 flows Chae? ia to usin tote ube of oe eduction, Chars 2864 cove the to Primary means of soe conto sbilig and round. espe Enapie cover ctor soe redaction techies ch st Caecig Scvupling, a fering Caper 5, pasive component, covets the ‘haters tat alle! the omponet” ne psfomane a thle in nowe reduction at. Chap @ procs detaled analy ofthe ‘Hiding flecencts of metalle sees Chapter 7 ewer flys and ficher aad dies methods of feoung be gererted by these viens Chapter cavers ins aie Stes tat est 3 tortnim lel of oie prcet ino cet. Chapter 9 discuss nose io "Atte end ot cAch chapter a sammy ofthe mst importa pois saunas For thse desing tina inlormstion 2 Boge fe a80 facade. te seton, Appendix A dace the deel sd ae fn me Imearements on wice‘reueR alg communicate sem. App {Sx B (presented nthe form of @ deo st) am overal Sommay f the ime commonly sed nie reduction ecnigus.Retiew problems for ech ‘Shaper can be found Append D wth showers Append E Ts to express my atte to Ne. D. Wilans J, who colbo- ‘ated wih me onan onal 2 of oot for a ase cool ena. That ‘ork provided the soo tom whic hs ook grew Lmao atta 2 the ‘many ‘students whose ens provins the cee fo conc his sor, Special tank oh F Sliven and Mise A L- Water for thet ‘Schnicaledting of the manus, and to tL, Mon aod ME D- 8 Tein for tei many hep suggestion. Uh aden T woul Ike to ‘hank a my eoleagues who revi fhe manus, for ter seu emments. Pally. woul ke fo express yattde fo Bl Laborato for thet cooperation snd supper. CONTENTS svmpois mw 1. wrmopucrion 4 Designing for Boromagnete Compa, EMC Regulation, 6 Typeal Nice Path, 16 Use a Hatnrk Theory, 19 anode of Noise Complng, 22 Mscalaneous Nee Sources, 22 Nothods of Elminsteg ereence, 2 Sonmary, 26 Buiognty, 27 2 caaune = ‘capacive Coping. 30 Efe of Sold on Capaco Govpng, 33 Inauctve Coating, 7 sual ndutanes Calustons, 40 Ect of hielo Magnet Coupling, 42 Magnet Cousing between Stes and Inner Conduct, «2 ‘Shang to Preven! Magnate Raison, ‘Shing @ Recor agaist Magnet Fels, 52 ‘Shel TronaerImpecance, 55 Expermenal Dat, 56 arpa of Selective Shiling, 60 Comal Cabo vereus Shielded Twaled Pa, Ot Baise Shite, 62 oat af Pitts, 69 Foon Cables, 67 Becreay Long Cables, 69 Summary 70 Borer. 703. GROUNDING n Seley Geunds, 73 Slral Grounds, 75 ‘Sioie-Pein Ground Syetoms, 77 ulipoi Ground Syst, 79 yd Grounds, Bt Fnctona\ Grove Layo, 82 Practial Low Fequorey Grurdng, 62 ‘Srglo-Ground Rtexence fora Creu, 86 ‘mpfr Shes, 8 Greunng of Cable Sls, 69 Ground Loops, 3 LowFroquoncy Analysis of Conon ode Choke, 96 Higeremuaney Analyse of Common ode Choke, 100, Dierens Arie, 102 ‘Shiels Grounding at High Froquondos, 105 ‘Guee shiots, 106 Guns Motor, 110 ibleysy, 114 4 BALANCING AND FILTERING 16 Balancing, 116 Powersupply Decouning, 122 Docouping Fite, 126 Amper Decovping, 129 Diving Capactve Loads, 190 Ht-Frequency Firing, 139 Systm Banda, 134 ocaton sna Casing, 194 Sonar 157 Bhieraphy, 137 5 PASSIVE COMPONENTS. 1 Capactors, 137 Indictors Pesitars 146 Noise Resets, 147 Conder, 8 Fete Boats, 152 ‘Summary, 157 Biography, 158 6 sHHELONG 150 Near Fis and Fe Fits, 159 CCareconste end wave impedances, 162 ‘Shing Efectreness, 168 ‘Asopon Los, 166 Fefocton Loss. 169 Compost Aterpon and Rstston Lose, 178 Summary f Suotang Equslos, 160 Siting wit Magne Mate, 122 Expormania Oat 105 Aoories, 187 \Wovegude Blow Cust, 192 Conde Gaskets, 103 Conaatie Windows, 196 Condstve Coates, 196 ‘Cavity Rosonarce, 198 CGrounss ot Shiels, 100 Summary, 189, Bsomapny, 202 7. contact PROTECTION 203 Gow oscars, 203, Nsateor or Are Discharges, 204 ‘AC vorsis OC Cie, 206. (Cont sarn, 207 Contact Ring, 207, Loads wen High ish Curent, 208 Inducive Leads, 209 Contact Protection Funan, 219 Transert Suppeescon for ince Loede, 216 Contact Proocton newark fr Inu Loads, 219 Inde Loads Conroe by a Tanase Switch, 222 Fess Load Cnet Proton, 22310 ‘Contact Petecton Selection Gude, 224 saree, 224 ‘Summa, 225 Bbogranny, 226 snTRsic NOISE SouRcES 228 ‘Thetnal Noise, 228 (charactors of Thermal Noise, 252 Equant Noise Banawth, 234 ‘Shot Weise, 238 Popcor Noise, 238 ‘Adon of Nase Vonage, 240 Messing Rendom Noes, 241 Summary, 242 Boogaphy, 285 ACTIVE DEVICE NOISE au Measurement of lee Factor, 246 Calelting S/N Rat and Int Noise tage om Noe Factor, 280 Nose \olage ard Curent Mode 250 ‘Caoulating Noise Factor and SIN Rati from Vins 258 (Optimum Source Resitance, 255 Nowe Factor of Csceded Stages, 257 Noe Temper, 260 Bipolar Transit Noise, 261 Nowe in IC Operational Amps, 267 Summary, 272 Bbicgapny, 272 DIGITAL CIRCUIT NOISE ANO LAYOUT mm ‘Araig versus Oita Grcuts, 278 Dita Laie Nowe, 276, Digtal Creu Ground Noise, 280 Pone Dirnuion, 28 Nate Voge Objecties, 20 Measuring Nice Vanes, 234 ‘Unused Inputs, 25 Lage Famiies, 205 Summary, 296 Bbiorechy, 200 41 DIGITAL CIRCUIT RADIATION 200 DiereisiMode Rasaton, 238 Cntting Dieraa Mode Radiator, 908 CCommenlede Rasaton, 313 Conrling Commorode Radon, S18 Engineering Documentation and EMC, 318 Senay. 318 Bisoyapry, 320 12. ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE o State Generation, 222 Human Body Mode, 327 Stabe Daye, 530 ESD Protacion n Equipment Design, 892 Sofware aed ESD Preecon, 348 Bibioreohy, 48 APPENOKK A. The Decibel a Laing he Doce fr Ome Thal: Power Ras, 351 Powe Los o Negative Power Gan. 359, [belle Power ve 359 Noise Measurements, 954 Crostak Us, 356 Summing Powers Expressed in Docket, 856 APPENDIX 8 Summary of Noise Reduction Techniques 359,APPENDIX C APPENDIX E APPENDIX F noe. Mutple Retections of Magnetic Fields in Thin ‘Shields ee Probioms 08 [Anewers to Probleme 5 Electromagnetic Compatibity Testing Procedures 00 FCC Methods of Measurement of Rac Noise Emiscone From Computing Devices, 500 SYMBOLS z seen ——— lected os ae apais cen Gate teatage cxrent Load cuten Diterentl nde caren Commerce caret Current mt annie Euialent np noise caret Corrente Shot nie eaten Unit vctor alone imapnary ax Abiay integer Constant Coffe! of marnetic coupling ‘Serie inductance of capstor ‘Stil inductance Dist ndctince of raaminion Kine enath Ieteger Network fenton Node Age Power Noite power output came Oral tate Refection los (28) Sey enn of caps se resitance Grand resistance Load restance Sh setae Sone resists for minimum aon ator Desi estas of tsnsson le ise settance ip Teguvalenttator model Calor resstance in Paquet wansisor mol nie estaes in Teqalen ansitor mods Shlding etfotvenes (6B) Sgtahtonase power rao Tenperare Egan is tents Poe ie ime Glow dag breakdown voige Come okage ppl voage ‘Ground stage Glow decease otage Diesel (etal) noe voltage ‘Aiay oie vlge uivalen inp oe voage put wise voteTeal eguialeainpatnoke ote Source voage With of condor Cobeor impedance Ener impedance Load impedance CChancterstie impedance of tramimision tne CChanctersi impetance of median: Tale impedance Wate impedance Common tase crest at Contin cetcent Skin doth Relate dlc constant ‘Angie Weveengt Permesbty Relative permeability Resitiviy Relative resiivy Decay tine Radian festeney (2) ah NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS SECOND EDITION1 intropuction “The widespread we of election cic oF comuniction,cmputtion, etomaion and other purposes makes neces) for dere cet 10 pert one proxi. All oo often these ces et each ter Eicon Becmsgnt evn (EMI) ts com 2 a re {arwe "the lrge umber af lette devices in common sa patty fesponible forthe end, In aston the ae of integrated crite larger intgration has feed the tae of ledrone equpment. As Sou has bese amar nd mor sophirsts, more cet beng “ro to ese space thus nresng the probably finertrence "Today's equipment designers neo oo more than jut make hse systems optic under asa tondtnne inthe Isborstoy Boudes that ‘Snowe ih they mat albo ke sre the equipment wil scaly workin the Seal worl” with other eqaipmentneary. Tak means tat he gulpmen stout ot be fected ty extemal nose ures nd soul pot {ei tea source of mie tthe envionment Electromagnetic compesiy (ENC) shouldbe 2 major desig objective In Fig the block apr ofa retro i wed as a example to epic the vans types of itrerence that can occur io equipment The Tone: In ation ground caret rm the varus ger Row trough & {Ron snd npc in roie 3 a vaso te pun nce tat mist saved! before the ado wil operate the bs. Woy thei etd he ea non tes fre comtuced in the recent oo 2 power ln. sd he ado receiver it ctpoed to lstromagneticracation fm vaio sours, Tn thet tl be designed Yo operate ths eniromen "Tire 1 depicts the ctber side of the on problem, The roan be a sour a ny re ith ar que Fu of sat "Nose current owing inthe power lead causes the lead t radiate addtional fro. Denny cyupment to sinanze none esernion i equal at Impecane dosing equipment tbat not sueeptle to ineferees13, ao ee ch i can or ey ro ih the ‘Sr Gata of mar Sta pp oa cn Nols any electrical signal preset in cic other than the desired sa hon does apy he oon rots roe in 1 Sout dee to noniacaies-Akhogh hese toron product may be indetsblesthey ave not snared ote alse they fet coped ito tote pre the cect flows hat dese gol none pat of 2 ‘el sonsdeted to be nae only cape Yo Some other pat of he Robe sources can be grouped into thee eaepres: (1) aise noite oarestat se fom abdom atustions wat psc pte, Such 5 ‘Germal and tot noe, (2) man-made noe sources, such 2 Mol, Sickel learns, and ratifies, apd (3) mae de 10 ‘rl sures, Sch Iahoig and som. Toverecnce hc andentaie eft of pose Ia ace voltage cases improper operation of iva interference. Noke sana be elim ted Gu only sedan mgnte, vt n oper carer nefereace. DESIGNING FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY Hecomagnsti somptity (EMC) i th sity ofa leone system | {0 U) funtion propery a i olen Sectomsynetc eoveonmen, 92 (2) not tea souree of potion to that environment. The clecuomunpetic “igoameat composed of ba railed nd conducted energy. EMC therefore tas to aspects, emon and suscepti. Steep isthe capsbity of dew cc 10 respond to soaated eect! energy (ue ne) The ncepbisy level f= set (devise poe cronies fie equipment can ote Susctory, itbotdeqrattion, sod ih dened marin fsa The ppasie of seep immunity One ie in determining ir ers) es ig wt canst pot ep Esision peraas othe nterterene-csing pote ts prc. The purpose of contig emstons i to lt the sleteomagnciceoerey Entted, ad thereby cont ihe skcomgetc enviroment ix ich ‘ther predate mst operate. Contin the emion Im one prodoct ma clinnnte ap ilererence problem for man) aber potas There I'S "Serabe to contol cmision In an atempfprodue an ce teomagnetlly compat ensonncat “To some extent sucepty fe euling fa product susceptible ‘entiave to purchase it, Emon, onthe other hand tend not to Be feltreplating, A product the thc sure of mison may mt be ated by tht cmition’ Ar t ral vuout regulon bodes hve imposed Stanuads coll emsons rom eatin elses of prods "EMC design canbe approached incr of two ws: on sheers ‘pproothy and te other the syste approach. In he ee spon he Sane poceats witha toa aweped of EMC unl the Stans ihe {nd tesig r—vorse ytd epic sgt that a probe exist. Solutions, implemented at dis ate Sage ace weal expenve and const ‘of undesible “aaron,” fen eered to othe “Band Ad" “nyeoach TAs eiuipment development ropes frm design to tein and 0 odction the variety of node mugaion tecsgcs ave tothe signer decease seal. Conetent cost gos wp. These etd re ‘Shown io Fig. Early solos to inference problows, hettore re ‘hl beat ad least expense “Tesco approndconsere EMC tkroghout the dein: the de signer anges EMC prosiame ste betlanng of he proce, Bad he Temaining problems he beadbord and cay prt sages dts the inal prototypes for EMC ar thorughly a posible. This way ERC brodsct Art erat EMC is designed itoand not aed onto he ‘Frode nd thr a moe coeteflecve apron okeesupreton i comer Krone sage Or besten at + time ‘when the egetpmeat bey signed, the Roe maton technics te “ple and Seightoneard Expercct ha shown tht oon oe spp Hone hacled ths wey, the designer shold be able to produce equipmenteee 4 oe de a Wf el mon ith S056 or more of the potent noise problems eliminated prior to ‘On the other handy 2 sytem dened with compote Seed to mie upreson wil apo vay have noise probes when ising bob ‘Amaya at tht time, {0 find which of the many pile nee path embinstons ae vorsbuing 10 the ptobem, ay ot te simple oe ‘vous Soluons a ths Ite stage usa Inte the ation of ears ‘Smarts thy are no iotprl pro the Gre. Pena pa ince the nied enpering cost andthe cst ofthe sition components aod th iaten Tsao maybe se, mn et anton [EHC REGULATIONS ‘Some aed wight ito the role of intererence andthe bpations of ‘rupert eign can te gained fom review of ome of the more {para government aod military EMC epson: ad specatone jerome Commision (FCC) ‘egulathe se of ao and wire commonitons. Fao te esponsb) fener the coro nerfrence Tne secon ofthe $CC Res nd [Reolaon” have requremens that ae appleable to onxsee ce tunic equipment These ae Part 15 (or radteqoeey eves, Pt 18 (Goris, emf and mesial equips), and Par 6 (or ei fen eooneted othe telephone netwo) Part Isa the FCC Rule ane Regulations st fot teil standards snd operational egrets for rad-tequeny dense. A iio eqn. dence say dec that nis operation in cpt of ein, itn. ‘Tonal or unimeatonny,rdi-froeney energy 2 ration, contin, frome other mes. Rao egueny energy dtd y the FCC as any Eleewomaghetie energy ithe fequraey rage of 04H to 3GHE- The das have «tal purpose: o prove the Operation of ow power mers wihow rai station fray a to cone ertere 0 uthoraed rao sommmitons sere that ay be aed by equipment thatemie radio requeny energy or oe 4 byproduct a operation Digit scrofa note ar ete ar 8c the FCC Res and lato ee forthe anda and persion! endo for Inds, seen, and ede equipment {sar egupnen), ISM exuipcnt dened as ay device tat wer rho ‘tives or nds ste elo anyother parpose (casing te {aero erg by aa) 286th ctr wed mer ntended tobe wd {or rao computation laced are medi therm equip, Industral eating equipment, RF clon, RF ipting deren, dees wed {produce phy ehanges in alter A ther related oncom at 6 of he FCC Raes an Regulations provides union anda for te proesion sf he tlephone network fom arm cated the cone ti terminal euipent inlcing PBX sss) and ing, fo the corpty of Rearing sce ane telephone otra ha pesos sing ads ive resonate scam tthe tlepbone network arm to the ‘lophone network inlases elec! har 0 telephone company wok ‘Sar damge to tlpbone company egupnen, manson of tpn Sagan bing eapment and grain of service to persons oer thane wero the terminal equipment, i lling or ele pry FCC Part 15, Subpart J "The FCC rae of general ners Part 15, Sabpart J Because applies 0 sno algal leone. In September 199) the BOC adopted se ons to onl the imererence poten of gta electrons (led comping deve bythe FOC). Thee relations, "Tech Staats {or Comparing Equipment” (Docket 20780, amended Part 15 ofthe FOC ‘les reling forested radation deve, an8 they ae now coined Pace 15, Siar) of Tie #7 of The Cose of Federal Repulsson. Under‘Thats replatons wore the oul of lnestng complains tothe FCC stout meen tod and ilevison ecopon where ig carones ‘ioe Henin the ures ofthe interfering he PCC sad Computers ve ben pn to cts interes 16 sat al aio Seok" tne es aw SOM nig SERS al eqgen tbc mre pe upon curse Sa ie eet ed Sai tate feqeny ancestors Ines (EMD olen ‘lis ice) nee ren ‘Sion hp acts wh ror le mo sce ‘Tee FCC dts computing device a Any crs: Sve ope ht ener abd west pe ae {nara 100 pa (es) pr sued and es il tess SR teat eapes tes ety es tenets ci on scone ‘Tis deinion was ntemonatly mage boast include a any produ 2s posite Tis Ifa produt uses tga eeuley and has ook equ) restr shan Rei fe somputing dvi uote the FCC detton Tis ‘ition covers mos dtl tyne manufacture today ‘Comping Sevces covers yt dlnton are ded io two ca: Chas A: A computing device tht is macted fr we i commer, indus, oF business envionmet ‘Cas B: A competing device that marred for we io reside rsiroment, ntwittnding ase Somme, td ‘al or burps enone Singe Clat B dees ave more Hkly to be lesen loner print 19 ‘ao an lesson eee the onto forthe device ae shot TO more rennctve than thowe for Clas A deve Mecting hese ec sands the baton fhe manaactare of importer ot pode To gunrante compliance, the FCC regres the ‘Banuactaer tes the proc for comple before the pod an ‘aed in the United tres The FCC dies marketing 2s ship, {Shing aeing fore, impoing ad 50 on. Therefore, wl pd comps it theses, it amot legal be aberised size tis could be comedy en nn pone po bjt FC rr and wl comply wah the rasp deine. ‘or pesona compte and tee pecpheral (a stbetory of Cas B), te anafctarer must sami the test Gta fo the FEC and Olin cr [eso fromthe FCC foe fsan make the pode, The Commision {on a dts, a for pl roi at Ble pong he For all other products (Cats A. and Chet Bother than pero computes sod th periph) the manuactet St very compance renin he proc before marking. Neiaon i a secetiention Posada where nothing submited to te FOC uns spect re ‘etd’ Compliance by tndom sampling of routs by the FCC “he ime require 19 the complance Tes (end redo thm the product fn nd the fine reget fo ota cera from the cmmisin i reqied), should be shel to the prose’ develop: ren ete Tesing must be ove on sample sat resentative of production unde Tews voles» prodcon of preproduction mel, Com Plane tosis therfore one of the tems in he developmen Fimebe Ths tote for wcxpscied rps the pat fee tes changer at ie psa ave tical and espns, Teesire ie ‘Sseableto approach "the fal compliance tt wih a gk Gece ot ‘ndcnce tha he prodat wil pT can be done (1) proper EM ‘Sion princes ae decd ft Bok have been wd thong the ‘ese id) clay etn sn ts ety mol “he tn yah ec (at rds nd the metering mated that mabe edt Setenine span, T ‘Hou te aod thar the line and the messrementproedares ae Interested" dreds were bised on speed mesurment Procelors, Therefor: complance mesures mist be made following {he procure outned by he FCC In FOCIOSE AtP-t "FC Methods of VMosurement of Radio Noe Enisuont oom Computing Devices ee ‘Appense#). "fests mat be made ona complte stem, with leat connected and senate ina temonble ay that ens to asin the emion Formsatel emsin the easement procedure spies open eld (or equate ensrement made over pound pane with» ened dipole (ce ther coreatati, nest poled) etena. Ths bows i ip. 15 “Tale per the rade emiion limi for Cl A rod ben mean a3 tance of 30m, Tble 12 le ene fora han B ‘ct wher eased a stance aSe 7 P ammatitiatatn of fore 15, ofr i en fo Pan Ep (ET requeey "Dain tenth ali oN oa ‘A compan beeen he Class A ad Clas its mst done a the hme metssing dance: ‘Thetefor, ithe Clas lite ar etoplted tne om messing tae (ig Ur exapoaton, fe Wo sso ca then be compared as shown ie Fp Msc be ee te Class Bini sre more reste by abou ar of 3 GED) nce I re paid th as ea the FE ‘sews tat treats below 30 tthe primary enn of inefrecs ‘tte communities y condeting ef emery Sao the 8 owes ne SM sutsequentiy ating om the over te “Table hsbows th he Clas A and B vodacedemisin Init, These switager sre meatredconmonmade (ho to ound, an ae To {ound} onthe ne powerline sing 4 802180 pine impedance state ation remove (LION) a specie in the menstement procedure bee ‘Appendc F). Fre 1 soma typel FCC sondeted emiton test ep ‘Not only sts dence be texted for comple with the ete stand Ht itm so eal compl. a iformatin mst be Provided tothe wer on interference por. Ta addon othe tec seston metione eer, the rls ako ‘ont tonintftence regret whe tts hat ae of ee pent fuses bem interference, the wer canbe feud cease operation of the device" Notes he iference io exponsby btwoen the esa ic 7 C 3 =a | £ | 7 tase (ese eee eee gee 1 FC in Sp ried niin id it fm‘om “Gav a spestcaton: and the aointefeence requirement. Although th etn ‘Bechcaon istheseponsty of the marutoctrer or porter of the roduc te nnicerercna eguicnem te responsi fhe we fhe produc, Hao othe tl enifeton or veieation of prod the aes ao spy tt the matufactrer responsible for the cniied com Pane of sobyeuenty manicured equipment it's cng uae tov comptant pod, the mantactreror poner bs he rsp to etermene nee at change san effet on the Compliant of the produc. The FCC hus eawoned manufactures (Pub [Note 8, apa, 298) to moe tha ony shnge, ih om thir fee sem ini, en a veny Mth ane eee eat board onthe sino ie Teg FEC ne min meme sopra mtg wor ee cag ni i teen nets enough ow the proc ota omplance ct AC the time of this weting (ly 187), the FCC as temporeiy cxampted fve miner of dhl device fom Mew the tlc Sete of he rqurements. Thee sie Dig lenis bul lato tansporaon whi, such a a ee, pon, or bout Indi cnt tes din an ini lt cay, os pai Indus, commer, sed meal text eaupmen. Mioprocesor controled spplianes, uch 8 9 dsbwater, othe Ayer oF power ta 5. Specie matical dees, generally ose at he dreton or under Ie superision of sre ath cue petite toh ofthese devises subject to the noiterfrence regiment ofthe fut. Secs the exemptions mentioned are empathy san bee out ‘ot ny nom making procedure intinta y toe FCC. Thi woul tae oe fea of pablisting a Notke of Proposed Rele-Making, which ask for ‘onmeet itm iasy, ser the sommens ae revved, + alg ished there scunly interferons fom any ofthese exeaneed re Sc Rew tle might be made Therefore I prden for the manus {ere to design ll efpment to et te tech fegulemens of the "A generl overview of thee reunions & conttined in FCCIOST ‘alt 2 (198) ‘Since te FCG has purview over many tapes of eletonie products, ‘acon gal electron, esp tt development organisations shold ve complete and cen sto the FCC rls spe to the tp roc they produce. Tote rls shoul be freed during he dosan {2 avo sebequent emorussmemt When and is compan demon 1 would be desable 9 have 096 inteestional standard for a ‘son fom eleronie products nse af any diferent aol tn ‘ind Then a manuacrcr could desen snd tu produto one EMC Sten that woald be seepatle wri “The mot Lely vehi for axompihing hs objective js he Ines sonal Spool Commitee op Rad Iterernce (CISPR, Kom is i aTrench). CISPR was formed in 19 to determine mesturemeat meade En linsfor adotequocy erence mae to fact ration {Shie CIsPh hat bo resusery suthony, bo stant, whe adopted [ppovemnente bee national stancrde fo TORS CISPR adopted nw ‘et of emsoe Standards (Publeaton 22) for Information Testeogy Egipmers (sal lero). Many Earopsnn counties ave adopted tine mquaments tcl standard and me ate exposed 0 ‘pinthe fore The Und States, az voting member of CISPR, voted {vor of the new wanda This pt conser pemure onthe FCC ‘Mop te sume andar Tetelore he mts of CISPR Publ 22a Fie 8 compre the tem CISPR rated eon standard with the reten! FOC stants The FCC hints have eon exraolted to's 10m ‘suring dtncs for tha compan. As ean be seen, the CISPR it ‘esmore ostctve athe equene range fom 8 to 200 MH. From 38 0 ‘Hontte the CISPR Claw Ant Ie 3dB more restive, abd on 216 {oDOMIe the CISPR Che A limi 65SD more renecive than the gure 19 compres the few CISPR urronbund conte emsion stand tothe preont PEC standard. A oj fencer that CISPR impos iin the reuncy range o 150002 whee no FOC iit [ese cee For Ci A produc the CISPR stidatd 8 9-5dB move Fesnctie Hom 16Mir io SOWe For Cis Bproguas the CISPR Standrd 6 2B more reitiefrm 0.3 SA & am 14 FP 5, tr Jo oy 2% aed min nt — 8 i ! ose : =| eee APC Set J CPR, an 2, rod ob ‘Suscepity In Aupst 198 the U.S. Congres amended the Comumanitiont Act of 1934 ious Bit #5235) gine te FCC autonty to eg the step sity of hone clerics eqepnet and sytems, Exp of ose ete equipment are ato id television ts ome burr ond Stroy sym, atom garage door opener, clecoic Sega, resend Tarbes, and tre high fy amplifies systems. Alough ths bee "oi aimed pinay t home equipment tnd ser, Kept tne to ‘rovee te FOC from adoping sanders for dees Thal ye so wd tte the home. To date, however, the FOC hie ot ated on the StheryAlhough it published” an tnguiy wo the Problen ef Radio Frequency Tntretence to Elecwon Equpaent (General Docket No, TBakBy the FCC recs om slevgasion by indy Sho Indy recone la inthis reap, the FCC may move to exces is urbton ‘Sire of he elecromspneticevroen (Heian 1976; Jane 1977) haveshown thts felé strength grester han 2Vim ours abou of the tine. Smee there trnolepa scepibiy requement for comers Spots eons tye ojene wold 8 Von sy Asin Bolin (EMCAB wih dene tie lh re1. Products that mest GRADE 1 (1 Vin) se ely to experience perfomance degradation. 22 Prados that meet GRADE 2 (3 Vin) ae uly so experince eerisuon 5. Prods that mest GRADE 5 (J0Vin) shoud experience pesfonm nce degraaton ony unde very args casas itary Standards Anoier importn: group of EMC pein are the hued by the 5" Deparment of Deans. MILSTD-O1B species the nas at mst be et and MILSSTD 42 spain the tet sds amt grees for ‘aking the tests conned in RL S72-18. Thee sandorde a more lnget than the FCC youltion bees they covey aepttyo well -Bremution, andthe foqney ange om SOF: to “0GH “The te rowedres Sec i MIL STD-A2 are gute ern tha tone secded by the FOC, aod this makes des Smparion of the ‘eauireent dil For rdised envaon the my dad species ‘closed chamber (Sele room test. wetes the FCC res fae Shes fed testing. For condi een fosing he ary memues (iteat andthe FCC meses yolage “The catezois of tts speaed by MILSTD-401D are rgaied as shown inthe lock gram i ig. 1-10" Tee at ogre fotheadatd Sed conducted eminone at wel as radested ant condocted sve, ‘Toye isa oto the ontson and smceplty rumen eatin) ‘y'Ni-srd-s0kb. The bitary Speinon te» comprehen do rey and cam abo be W3e0 ty ndaty at > gle Tor designe Interferences norm equmest ‘TYPICAL NOISE PATH A Bick diagram of «pi oe path is sown in Fg, AB ca be ‘en, hee eames are necsnyW poder te problem Fr ers fot! bes mate sour. Ssson, thee mst be trap C&C Th sept te sae. Thi tee mt bes cup ae 0 eit “ie et map in soalising +n protien to ie th poole. This 1s done by cecamiaing what the note sore i what the reetor aN Sow the sours an reepo fe coupled topter I Slo hat tet te ttc ways Desk the noe pt (1) the as ean be suppres at he ‘ouic, (2) the Tereplor can Ue made Intense othe ae, or (3) the tension trop he coupling chanel canbe mined In some cases, se sporesion techniques mist be apple 0 tug or fo ee pal ihe nase pat & ] Ls siSusapty Regents of LTOIE Regirenen essipon = Saal a owen p15 La ese) ceo Cote ene, poet so inecomcing ge EB be ro, i mt ee et me pr tots Sone pte mee os py had a cose hai tg, ann tins 0 266, ‘co {Conde seep, power led, Uist Se cot eft ined il So 26M, Sp Condo cermin, auctor (cmon de) ott ‘ane cept, mage et 4 Oe nou ‘duo cpt, map neon fl pes ted power teaendar ore 12. ni cmp emai ma mr ah pi 8 be as xine ay, el, lo Oe 2 ie el fot me a [As an cxample, consider the sit shown in Fg. 12. shows 3 shied de’ moto? conected to tr motor seit. Motor me incrfering with 2 lowlevel seit inthe same oqpnent, Commsstor tote fom the motor candace ou of he shed onthe eng othe {ve crout From the leds nie i ase the lowed eet. Tn sis example the nie rare oma ofthe net he Sates andthe commutator. The coupling une! hs two prs conduction on the imror lade and ration from the lends The wep the To leve ‘Sout, nth cae not uh can be done stout he sure ore receptor. ‘Therefore the ltererence most be ented by breaking the Soupling ‘Shane! Noe condhton out ofthe si oration fo he eet Be sped, o bth steps may be ness. Tis cxample baseused more fay im chapter 3 USE OF NETWORK THEORY Mavwel's equations most be sed. Thee quate ae fons of thee spice variables (4, rz) and of time (0) Soltis for an but the amples Problens are analy xy compen. aond tis comple avsppron, Ftc anal teshnigue ced elec cs ana” sed dig at ‘Saignprovedoree, Gc analy limits the spat varabes and provides approximate solutions a3 fans tne only. Cra ashe umes the wa 1. All eae lds aeconfined 1 the inetions of eapcitons, 2. AL magnot for ae confined tothe norte of indore 5, Dimemlon of tbe ccs are sal compared 0 the waveengh tinder sonsdeation, - oe What realty implied ie that exter elds evn thou scaly present canbe nected the malon of he network Yet these ete Fetes my mot nosssanly be neleted nha ees cher creFor example,» 10-W pover amplifier may radste 100 mW of pow. ‘Teese LW re compel weil fr the an of he pee ones sed op on hap of ene ar, may pode = ‘Weaver posible, noise couping chanel ae represented a quale lumped componest sctworke For insane #timevarying eectie Bld ‘iting bermcen fro concur an be fepesentad bys capactor come Ing the two conduc ee Fig 1-13). Atine-arying mapetic Held that Couple two conductors cn be represent by a mua inditance between ‘erwo ees (ee Fig. 11D, Fo this pach to be ad, the phys limeasons of he ccs must be sal eompared tot waving af the sgnals noled, Tas sp- tion made troughout mow ft bok, amd it normaly Teasonb For cumple, the wavelength of tt al approximately 800. Foe {SMe sia mF ost electron cus, the daensons fe Ese ae his ago ly ate mp compet 1. The slut of Manel equation sot practi for most “el ‘rid none prolome ect of the compated boundary cond 2 Lampod componcet represention, although It doesnot nessa ‘ve te eaect numeri unser, dos ea shaw bow Woe ne 8, Won conn op l,h ning n p Dt erro phy mi cg ed spends on be stom paraetrs.Oa the oer Nand, te staton of avwets equations, een i psible, dos at show sch dependence Seay ‘er One can cncade, however tht there components cua at wlMETHODS OF NOISE COUPLING CCondctvely Coupled Noise ‘ne of he mst bis, but often overtook, mays 1 supe nis into 3 Stel on condor wie an troveh# hoy emeorment may pick ‘pote and hen const to snthe sea Thete Wexner terfeence “The solton to prevent he wr frm pskng pth aoe, or fo remove the noe tom i by decoupling before interferer with the macepale siete The major example nth eatepory woe condita cet on the power sup ets Ifthe desig ofthe cut has ocontol ve the wer sup o if ther equment scone tothe power spl, 1 ocomes necro decouple the nose fom the Wie eft they eet ‘Coupling trough Common impedance Conon impedence coupling cess when currents fom wo diferent ‘eute fow troughs common impedznce. The vatage op cos He ‘rimplr oft type of coupling tsbown nig 115 Ths ound ene] Sc Zoot Sow oops the oman proud space As fa sce 1 ‘Bconcrnd, te grourd polenta! today ground crea? Bovine {the conmon pound impedance, Some noe Seal, heer, Is ouped {fom set 20 cet I ou the common grou pean “Rooter example of tis tle lst in the power dbtion circuit shown it Fp 116. Any change in the sappy cent rq by 1 cman | conga ¥ econ eee aan samo ' ssreance, ‘ Fr 5, Wn aca ste cm pan ean og of th Treat pl mo eo som 3 careees a es 2 wil fect he vag the mis ofc 1, ute Sepetance ofthe power sopiy Some improvement vag be babe) nmecing the lade fron cst 2 cle to Me power suply tpt ‘erminai, thas decreasing the magnitie of the common le pedanee ‘Teese tough te per sp ina pte ems, lect end Magnetic Fete ‘ouping. All cet element inling cnducors radiate learomagnete feide whenever charge moved In aan tos untentonl ran, there the poten of ntentonal rain from sources sich 8 broads “atone td radar transmits, When the reece roe to he sore (pete fed), clei and age el are consieed sepals. Whee the vec i tom the source (lat id), the radation const ‘combined loc and pet o elcromagnete rdaon + MISCELLANEOUS NOISE SOURCES Cavanie Avion 1 Gs mete ae se inthe sgl pth in owlevel deny, amie Preseoe of more or water rapor in conjnetin withthe two meta Produc: chemical wet sl. The stage developed depends on the too Se Chef on gn fed ealsca wd nd is related to thet positions in he ganic sere show {Table LS. The farther apart the mae are op hte the ge the Aslop witge Ht the metals are the came na potent diferente can Te tion to potacng note voltae, the we of dsm metals cm produces crtonon problem, Galvanic evo ese psi oe fmm ‘Semel tbe tare tothe nthe one rely ces te ode material tobe desroyed. The ate of coreson pend On the ‘Bstere conten of he enone ho far pattems eo he {vane sre The farther apr the meas aes the galvanised [ster the on tansfer An undelble, tl commen, onntin of et SS sluninum snd copper, With hs corto the suinun vet fates avay The eation sows dova emir, home the ope ented with lend solr ae sium dean wet teste ‘he gaan sres our eels ae nade beloe galvanic action cn Ur 1 Anode materi (higher rk in Tale 15) 2. Bley (usualy present os most) 3 Cathe material (ower rank i Table -5) 44, Conducting cles! coneeton Between anode and cathe (oully preset ats leskape Pal). (oes sep oa) Croup. saps 13. Nike ace 2. Sie 2 Sams She icone ower 2. Sher est ep ets) er 1 Gan an im dnd te et Gavaic ation can take pice even i maitre docs not get tween the Stode and extde'A tat needed ie some moisture an the mace ‘here the to metals eome loge, as shows ie Fig. 17. "As sean Table 1, he mot of the elvan Ses ae divided nto sve oops. When dir cals est be eomlane, ti exe owe tes tom the same poop Electrotte Action [second type of crtsion sda to eletrolyc ton, coed by a ‘eet creat towing btwoun wo tale wth an scrlyte (rich cold te sgl sce ambient moisture) between them. Te pe of corsa oes nt depen cn th to metal sed nd wl sa ct re he {he condcy ofthe lec ‘Tibostectre tect ‘A churge canbe prodused on the dict material within cable, ‘serie das no matin cate mth the able conductors Ts eae the wiboceetie ee I is usualy caused by mechanical bending oe fable The erg stat arose vege source wii the ele. iia ing sharp bends aod cable tmaon minimizes te ee A spe “ow tect sve in hh te eal shemale mnie the posit of chugs udp onthe sete Conductor Motion Hair moved through a mene fd, «voige i ince between hdr ofthe mie, Du to power sting and oer ces wih gh utent ftw, say magneve fe cnt In toe environment. Ha me th 3 Towel gal ten slowed co ove ough ins eld « noe voltae iInduced ia the wie. This probe can be eipeily troublesome in 2 ‘Sol cinco Tun sine: pee a wh METHODS OF ELIMINATING IVTERFERENCE The flowing chapters present technique by which itererence Between leetooi cheats sun fe liinted, or at lene reas The primary ‘mothe stable or combate ntefrene see a oll Selding Grounding Balscng Separation an ointtion iret inpedance eel conta (cable deen ‘Canaan tectnigace(Legueny o tne domi. Append B, pretend inthe form ofa checkls, s» summary ofthe nore comony ust ac seducon technique. Even, wah a thee Methods aval, sould be remembered tat nose wmualy camo be ‘inated ican oly be misao the px where ino longer uses Imtereene, Tal bot the singlet caer,» single nique soliton 1 the aise ‘edtion poem may not et. Compromie are general requed, 2nd ‘tic ofthe many aerate solstins I the ew an be the suet onsieratledgroement In ti book we wl present the techmiqs ‘tic are wea or deceningitereence, Deon on which echnics ‘ould be used in specie case however, ave things that mUSt Be ‘cermin by the sstem dag engines SUMMARY + Designing equipment that dot ot generate noite sa important at ‘signing equipment tha snot suse moe. 1 Nuon urns cam be oop int thes catego: (1) lise wie sora) sna os sores nd) ae doef a “+ Mos igi clacton: devises mst comply with the FCC ras on fompetng devs before thy can ie mteted it the Une Sts 4 The folowing ate tempore exeapt from the FCC rqscenents Dil elewtoncs m= wanportaon vehi Il contest Home appances Speciniaed media devs + Elcom cmp he hy oa eine ton 4 kcnmaete copay fs 0 a mon a cp ‘+ Bletromapeteconpsity shold be # major dion objective {Thee ies are acre to pce 4 oe proble. ‘A coupling chanet A sureptle recopor 4+ The tee primary means of moe couptng ae the long Conte coupine ‘Conon peda coupling ‘Coupling by ete elecvomagnte Bl ‘+ Metin conto wi each ther mut be galvanelly compa ‘There are omy techies by whch nase eam be reaueed in a0 Sleerone stem: # ug solo 6 mt nase eduction problems ‘rest est LIOGRAPHY Bea Lettre Phe Dani of fone Sm, Wo 2, Caper 5 (Eh ‘gd Ps rn Pos Eageoes ChB ‘Characters of Information Technolog Equipo” 196. of Fer Rep, Tie (RTH). Fo 5, Ss. Comping Cohen Fan My "RELA Ro Lak oO am” O57, MCAD “emi srs Equipe Ic Wo peo (Commaniatin Inve epee 17 ed tne 2, Auge OB06, “Commision Cautions si Cones Wiles Cnpuing Bonet i ect of eS rs! Rao Pao aon el HK “nemo Naon Rad ety ine Ree ee. Braz msn Cong, Wi 1 Beit ‘Wie, DR J. EecromagteIuefece ad Compa. V2 (EMI Test ‘Nino Posed) Don Woe Constantin, MA 4 2 caBLING This bape is devoted to cabling and able sling and Chapter 3 covers ooning. Since the subjects of eble sheng and groong esky {chtd, these two chapters shoud be sided together Chapter 2, fo ‘rampl, show tht ele ed 08 0 soppeet let ede sold be ‘Bounded, but Chapter 3 explains where that round should bende ‘Cables ar inprtancbocase they ae the ngs ar fa system and shortest ele sneaas tht pie up andlor Tadate mae. Thi tae a vec ier cota, Both wees and ee aes Th thi chapter we asame the flowing: 1, Stel are made of nonmgneicmateri ad have thisknest ch Tee tan skin depth a he oquney of mere 2. The ert ped ih fe ores a os down 5 Induced crn the eceporcieuit ste sal enough nt stor the orginal Hel. (This oct na ply to. shelé aroun the reepor reat) 4 Cables ae sort compared toa wavelength ‘Sine cables ate sss short compared to a wavelength, th coulng ‘etwen tals cap be represented by lumped capactance and oetance ‘etwece the cndoaon Tae est can then be aalyaed by notmal onowk hey ete af ining we cnr Te Gc oli “strate euping, an obvious mienomer ser the Hl te ot tae “The second induct, or magnetic coupling. wih esl om he interaction between the magaeti els ftw cei Thi peo euping i commonly desied ah clectrmagretc agai mislead ermin.gs Since ao eet fel ae imoleds Ibe hid combination of eee End magne feds and appopaatly called ckeomagrete coping OF hay nc ape ces aa Caperrutin. The techniques éerelope to cope wth ler coupling ae ho ‘pptonae forthe stetromagnet ce. For nay the fet el, we onal coasidr th tactic ad magnet Hl spay, whats the lecromagoee eld case considered when the problem i inthe lar {sia "The ret caning the intrernce i cal the sources sd the cuit being atlected bythe intercon ald the receptor ‘capacrtve couPLING Shown'a Fig, Caparane Cr tbe sey tuys beoren cone round, Cy, iste total capacitance between conductor? and ground, and R Fhe restnce of cit 2 10 grond. The testance reas tom he ‘eazy connate fo conductor? an not» sry componet tance Cy consis of oth the say eaputnce of eondutor 21 pound nd the Set of any cacy connect to sooo 2 “The egal ecto he coupling is do sbown in Fe, 21. Coser the vonage Vo condusor as he soars itetetene sb conductor eared cru or rept. Any apace connected ey ees the source sch 8 Cro Bi 2, cnn be need sce a oo eet on the nue coup. The moa vole Fy produced between conductor and ound can te expressed as folows jal uhCy + Gad) a je FRE, + Ea) i) uation 21 doesnot show cary how te pickup voltage depend om ‘pe vunows parameters. Eguton 21 cat be slaplie for he case when it Yomerimpeance tan he impedance ofthe stay capacitance Cy MS (Goin mont pata ict he wl be tue. Theor, for RSET 1g, 21 can by seed to the following “RCM ea) loti Held (apace) coping an be mode asa caren generator, conse betwee the tes eat snd pound, ith» apne of Jey. Ths shows in Ba 294 juan 22 i the mor portant equation describing te capctive coupling tetrece tno Gis, and Henly shows how the picks Seite epende onthe parameters. Equation 22 sows that the noe {oling i rect propoeuona tothe equeney (w= Sof) of te noe ‘our the resstance Mel the afeted rent to ound he apace Ch, ‘enccn conductor 1 and 2, andthe magia of the Yosge Y, "Asuming tha the voltage and Srqucney of te nie sore canot be change ths lav only wo reminng parameter for sedaig eapsive ‘eu. The octet cea can be peated at 3 ower resistance evel fspectane Cy can be detroned. Capaatance Cy ean be decreed 8) proper oneniion ofthe conductor, by shiling (Sere i the next Scone by aval searing the contre I the conductors se Imo frie spat, detec, has decreasing the induced voltage On fencutor 2 The cfs of eondinor apocng om epsctive coupling Showm ie ig 22 AS teen, Othe eaoping when the eoncactos espa y thes times the tng ameter. As a be Sear he gue sional atonation psned by sping the condctors 3 tne eter hae tines tht meter (in in he ese 2 ae we) be exstance from conductor 216 grand large, ch that IG, FG)" thea Eq 24 redes to ee Matto flay Penden Ce sel a eeeSEPARATION 8 FOR 22 GAUGE WIRE (RICHES) , é ae i : i : a i ; [gore 28. regency reponse of epee couple ae ol. a Under this condition the noise wigs produced Between conductor 2 and | See 7 ce sense va aes ao ct othe rane en a 4 u Ca Gad eo ay y | je ji [EFFECT OF SHIELO ON CAPACITIVE COUPLING bd ‘Fiest consider the cise where the receptor (conductor 2) has infinite ee eee (Gole=b/0 30 1m novae BNIANOD aie es)4 ‘ae 34. Cae cpg te pa ond pr cen ‘Size thre 6 50 ewavat flow hxough Cc the VORA picked py ve ee 1 the shi ic pounded, the wotge V; 0, and the Robe vote Vom Te pac, he cnt conducts nomaly dos extend teyond he shes dhe stustion ecomes tht of Fp? Thee Cy se apace Totwcen conductor 1 and te skededcoogictor 2, aid Cye the capt tance between condattor 2 and ground. Bot) of these eapotances ex ‘ene te end of conductor estnd feyond the dc Even the sald Sounded, here «alse voltage coupled o conductor 2s eet expressed a flows en ‘The val of Cy, and Renee Vy 0.1. 27 depends on the length of| anaictor 2 tha tends beyond te el or good cic fl sili Serer nectar (1) minimize the lngh of the ctr conductor tat eaten beyond th shld and (3) 0 provde a good ground on the sid. A single pound connection makes = shod poi he wnt ngs oe wth ot euping The sinpliled oquaent cent ane rcopied the sme ‘Sent nalyred in Fp 1 povided Cy, epoca bythe sumo C Gy Thee, SCTE" ‘hic x normal tue, the aoe volag coupled fo conductor 2 ¢ es) fens prima of he capacitance Between condetor 1 a the‘Whe crea ow in one cet pours a aa second cet, tere isa mutual inductance My betwee cnc Land 2 nal 8 4 Ma e10) “The smb represents the a in rat? det the ate Jia cic ‘The voltage Vy induced ina ct loop fae A deta mapeti felt ty an ec om Frau 7p.) on en sihere Band A are vectors tthe cloned lop stationary and the ox lenutysinaidly varying with neu coan oer te cao oop. Bg 21 roles Ve=ibaemd } en) ‘As sown in Fig. 2.7, A isthe ares ofthe dosed oop the vale of ‘he snail varying fx deny of rune w lane pr send, sad Vyiethe em ae of te inde? wage ‘Since ace repre the foal magostie Hx (dh) coped tthe recep eats Bas, 210 and 2-12 nn te combined Io expe the dered Solingen terme of the muta inductance Mf between wo ity st jane = en) Equations 242 and 219 ae the baie equtons describing inductive ‘owplag between two ccs Fyure 4 shows the indoctve (magnet) ‘naps between wo cet s dese by Eq. 213. is he stent the infringe, and the tex tat actunts or the peometry and The mipnec popes of the medium between the two «tts. The Preset of wf Ege 212 and 215 nds tat the coupling sty Proportional to agency To Yeduce te ose alge, BA, orcs @ must [ertice. The term ean be rece ty phys Separation a the ees bby ttn the source wines provied the crt Now nthe sted pat Sh no thrush the ground plas The condons meer for the ‘ered ina ine seston Under tens condons (wating neste fle rom cack he est cana. The ses of the rcv cel Tereducd by pacing the onduco caer fo the round pane (the earn vent though the round plane) oF by wg ro EonGaeoe vated {Ogee ithe eure crn! fon te ofthe ui neead the growed [Bans The cos term canbe Zodeed by proper aemation ofthe sour Sd recher cate eiay be pl 0 note sme dierences between magnetic ad lecre {ei aping. For magnetic held coupling,» noe valtage i produced in eves wit the recepor comico (Rig 298), whereas for lee Held ‘Sung, a nse cucent i prodoed beiween the rept conductor tnd found (Fig, 294). ‘This flere con be wed i the following test to Simingush between Scie and magnate coupling. Messe the. nie Ssitage som the impednce atone end of the ele wile deresing the Impedance at he apes the eal (i. 29) the menue ae ‘tie Scns he aco cht, nd he mene ae age ce 2. age cpt Ben metee esi pe pp it MUTUAL NDUCTANCE CALCULATIONS ‘To nat ite exresion in By 2-13, the muta ndcane betwen the source and recep eat a be Ror, Most tows pay ch ‘tenon to metal inductance akan for pct cet eset. Groner (197), howe, provides an etenave eames}, Sod Roch (172 drops the etal conep of ara muta netanse. ‘Ti concep opal uta Inductance rer Geoned ath (os). Belre the muta inftane canbe casted, an expression must De cried forthe mapa ote mage x Seay 2 ncn of “tone from a ewes condactor Ung the Blo Soak, ne an wre the gnc Bux deny Bt Sane rom 4 tng eae. anjing condo 3 ra e9) for greater than the rie ofthe onto (Hay 1994, pp 235-237. ‘Therefore the magic held deesty propetonal 0 erent and imvcrely pepoional to the datance 7 Using Ege 4 ad 2-10, 006 can ermine he msl inductance or ary ebay contigo of conde tee by esting the mei fe coupe fo the kup fp om ach ‘Steck cai one nan anthem ptngag a ample 21, Calelate the mutual indasance Between the two nested ovate naps shown in Fig. 2-108, mug that theses he Too te fous longt tan the ends (Lethe colin combuted by he ed eaductrs cn be nected), Conductors ane 2 ae cari cate fy Sle iguces vege Py to te inp food by conductors 3 an FRzure Z10H iso eros sconal vie sbosig the spacing between he ‘castor, The mance fh prosiced Re cuent ieee ‘Sowing the lop Between condttors and # as, ‘Conductor 2 aso contibutes 4 oxi fax de 10 the symnety of he Secs Th i Se tig yh fan red ‘enti contactor Threore the (tal fs coupled to the top fred ‘Sy concer dand 4 ice tat Ben by Eg, 215, uz [tm(2))n e6 ae 38 (8) dpe bp (en ifDividing Eq, 2-16by and seating = «10-7 Hin for, me oben a ‘he mul idan meaciou(?2) a ‘Re vote colt ene 9 npc ct ying Beis By tir no By 218 [EFFECT OF SHIELD ON HAGNETIC COUPLING an ungrounded and nonmagoet shit is ow paced around conductor 2 {he eat becomes that of Fig 2-, whe My th mat dtc ‘erwcen constr I andthe sd Since the sel harmo fest ote come or magne properties ofthe mesa otweca ete 1 sh 2, Bano fea on the Voltage Indeed into conductor 2. The she! ous, weve, pickup ote de othe current in onc Vestal ew) [A round coaneton on one ead of the dld dost not chang the sisnion follows therfore thet a nonmagnetic shied placed aod ‘onda grounded a ne end ha no effet on he mayne nded Solege i hat conduc THhoweve, the shi pounded at both ends the volgende in the de to Ayn Pp 211, il ease sil creat to fom. The ‘held eae wi esa second aan vlage eto conde 2 an thi Imus be taken ino scnuet Bere thie voage cette, the outing tha exe Bewoen & tld and i center condor must Be ‘etrmind Tor this ston iil be nesetary to cleat de eps oopig etn tllow condastng tbe ihe sil) an av condurtor placed ihe the tate, before continu te daca of indoctve coupling Tit ‘oncept i fondamental fo 2 daeanson of magnetic Shelog and wil Be Fat conser the mapetic eld produced by 2 tabla conduct carvig =| lonfore aval caret at showin Fg. 212. Ifthe lei the tbe © ‘Sone with te cade ofthe We, hee tno magne el i the ‘Siig tn thet sng el i extra othe abe (Smythe, p. 278).i \ one 312 Mey ul pd cae a oer Now et encore plced nie the tbe 0 form a coma abi, a Shown in Fie 213 All of he Mt et the errr nthe sl ae Chul lane conduc, The tadance of te shld equal ew) “The muta indstance betwen the sil a the nner condor i 8 4 wee ea) Since all the ox protacal by the shill cuzeot eoicss the ceater cnducor, the n'a Ep 219 and 20 the eine THe maa {incon \etwen tsi nd cer condcor herr Cl the woh pay Equation 2.2 sa moa important eu and one that we wl fen have ‘ccdon 10 alert. twat sod 1 show that the mu Indctance recon te sil nde ener contr ul thesia Bised on the reciprocity of muta inductance (Hat, 1978, p32), the inven macs be ue‘ the mutual indutace betwoon tector ‘inductor andthe shel req othe sb! data “The vay’ of Eq. 221 depends only 00 te fat that thee i m0 segs eld nthe ey of hfe du ose eaten The ree ‘Bets for this to he ee ett the uke Be adr sd the aan Sznaty te unfrm around the cvcienferenee ofthe tbe, Equation 221 ‘plies rps ofthe pion the somacor win the oe. Im ther ‘rds the to concn 60 mo aver Be cota "The vokage Vs lard ft he cnet concur ue to a crent ‘erie! ca oe elt. Assume ta he Shel are proces tra woige Vy nde lt the sl om some other cea. Figure 24 Sows the cet being coonered Ly and Ry ae the aucune and esotance of thes The wotage Me egal Yo Vga, em ie oo gee 2, Ein ie of le oniElec) ex ere CON aren Go Sie ty =M om 22 = (satin o) A plot of Ea. 225 is shown in Fig. 218. The brea frequen for his che dined ay the shld ete! frequency (c,) aed aa we test _ ‘The note voltage inion into the center conor e210 at de and increases to almost Vat equeney of SRT als. Therefore. ed {Siren i alowed 1 ow,» votage binds it the center sonducor ‘ead ean teh og espe pts hae es “rs 5 very important property of x sondctor ide held. Mes gore cep ep ley pen {butted in Table 21 for varias csle. Pov ust eble fe tine the ‘Bil ett reueney et the igh end othe ud equeny bad ‘The sominum foiled able lated ha = mach igher shld ctl eet 2, Neve io nd of et he 6 el ae wt 24 mane so Sid Ce Fete) coe “ins Pa” OE ema stale dog ‘0 200 "Dae perat ae Iga ae (i ‘Hequency than any othe. This sd othe icra eae thin ‘nue Magnetic Coupting—Open Wire to Sheled Conductor Feu 216 shows the magnetic couplings tat ext when » nonmaprtic ‘eld pico wound condacor athe shld rounded st athe inthis Bee the sed candor shown soparted rom Sondutor 20 Sil the dawing. Since the she gounied at bath eds, te sted ‘ton fos and ines swage int sondutr 2. Thertre tere Two components ofthe votge Indeed into conductor 2: vag defo ‘ieet induction tom condetor 1. sd lage de to the indus sed Cant Rae ft hs to las eo one po he wenn en ye ae he ientty of Bq, 2.2 and noe thatthe mutual indeanee Matt Scr? 0 the bil i ees fo the mul sna My from somdocoe 1 to conductor 2 (inc the slid and conductor 2 ate Iota nthe sme plein space ith eso fo cand I), E227 mes es)SSHIELOING TO PREVENT MAGNETIC RADIATION tut there wl be ey it cles onthe map el Ths shown Fi 2, Ia shld caren xual opposite otha athe cents eon ‘made to ow on the snl, genes an cqual bat opie tral ‘arnt Sls Ths eld can he tpt Pld caused ty the eeler ‘Stor excl to the sel Tis ems in he Sond shown in Fig 221th nol extra he sil. ‘igure 222 shows» eit that proonded at both ends and eas 3 carent I, To prevent magne Feld redo om this ea the shield fmt be founded tn en, ane the sr coment must ow fom Af 1 he shel (nthe ire) ined the grout pane (To the Sar) Bo why shold the crtent retin fom punt 0 Bshogh the ‘el intend of though the aforesitaes ound ple? The equvaleat ‘Sent canbe wed fo sae ths conurtin.By Wein mesh equation Sound the gound oop (A= Ry Ly = BA), Abe shel crent yea be deerme 0= (ube + R,)= 108). ex) ‘a's previo sow (Eq. 221), = Ey Maing satstuion ad rearangig poducs tis expres fe ea ore 25, cnr ed ose Epa at a the sill cto Gequeney othe shield curentapprogcs the center ‘ond caren. Besa of he mal aductance tween he hed od fenter condos Aosta cle aces 8 common-mode canke ee {Caper 3), and ihe sel proves afta pth wh lowe na tes Inoue than the ground plane at high ogueny™ Av the freaoeney ‘Serene below Sy, the ale provides less ad es magnet sing tne ofthe een ets wate Bound ns. To peso radiaion of magne ld frm a conductor grounded at ‘oth ends the conducts be shld and he ald shold he rowed at hth ends. "This proud good tnenee Geld ailing 2 ‘ge 25, Do of obese nd go lnfrequencies consderstiy stove the shield ctf equency. This recon io he radiated magnetic Sekt 8 not because of the maghete Seng ‘operties of the sells sch. Rather, the rea cent 0 the se eset hd hat ache oni fl a 223 te he ls oad tbe vad ten ee et [SHIELOING A RECEPTOR AGAINST MAGNETIC FIELDS The bs way 1 prot psi magnet eld a the cpr i decree te oa of be rp T ae oe he om eco Ph taken Oy the current in retro he sure. Out fe he cae the ars ofthe loop changes = nonmagnetic this pices aroun | ‘ondasor tases the caren fo rtern over path ha foes ssa tren hen some proteion sie mage Fld il ave Seen proved bythe shld. The protection however du tothe reduced op area and otto any magoete shielding propertss of hes. igure 234 utes theses of sel othe Loup af of «csi. ln Fig. 224A the sour V, is connected wo the lod fy by » Sige ‘ondcoe, weg aground rem puth‘The fe endo byte eet the restangle between the conductor andthe road plane. In Fig 2248 Shiels peed around the comcicor and rounded st both ens te ‘arent returns troup the sil rato hatte rod lane the aren the lop ts deceased, ad edepree of magnet potton& proved. Te on nparent tens hough the shield the frequen i geste thane ines the std etal! equeny a previoaty shown A she pace tnd te andor and grounded atone en ona shows a Fig. 224, dows got ‘ange the lop res and therfore provides sugete proton “Te aangement of ip 2208 doe ot pote apa apr elo rogues below the sil atl feng) sige ten ot the ate ‘etn tough the glound pls snd not trough the sla. The cre Should be avoided fo teguenee fortwo ter reson (1) ance he Shei sone of eel condactors, ay poe caren intl produce an {htop ine se ad ppc to these st» nose von, snd (2) thee a ference rou poten besven th two ens he ls, ths too will stow ups mle vag the cei” ‘Whenever cue i unde a oth ends nly Kmied amount of apt fit protson poe beast th large oe ean dace Ite ground loop. Since th curem flows those the seal conor ‘te Yoage produced nthe sl, equal othe shld caren ties the ‘hil ressance This showo in ig. 228. "The current fy the a8 farrent inthe weld doc to's sound dren or to eer ose Sele nas ae aound te apt Kop, long Vag" fall, folate Rule ex Par 23% ef nt cae fig Se fa el Vie" Ri ean ‘Whenever shield arent fous, mite voles produced inthe shield dae toe, volage drop. ven the shel rounded at only one end shld pose ures may sal om uct eapative coupling tothe shld. Thefoe, or maxim me proton ow frequen, the el! hod note oe ofthe pl ‘indo and one end he cut must be wae from ground “Athi fequenoes a coal sble conti thee lated condor (ahtiecener conductor, 2 he nner sortace of he eld condo, and {G) the omer suc of he tke eanductor. The ner and outer sree ‘tthe shield we eal fom ech ater by skin ee Terfore the noe ‘Suping decadence does ot seer, besnue the sia caren owe ‘Sve inside mrs ofthe sl, nie carentAow om the ou, nd there no common impede ‘SHIELD TRANSFER IMPEDANCE ‘he shielding eletvnet os cable an also be expressed intr of the ‘hei transfer impedance The shld taser impedance Fe» propery ot ‘he sell tat este the open erat olage (pe une enh) developed etwen the enter conductor andthe shld fo he shi current The Shiels tanfer impedance can be wen Se ey ete Zp i the tant impedance in fine por meter yi he shed rent Vth vote indeed between te eran sonducon and the Selb the length a he el in eter “At iow fequences the attr impedaes oq 0 he de resistance of hei, Ti equivalent tothe sul stained in 233. At ger Regn (above #megaher for pial ea), th nse impedance ean an tan th ig oe able tree Sin ‘hd te igs caret oo tein, and therfore it clits te combos npn cousin tose th two ates Figur 20 plot ofthe magne of he ans impedance (norma fac othe vlo f the de esstage Ry fora Solid abun sel te Stitt is braided, nat sab, the anferimpedance wil incense wih irquceey above toot TMH, as sown in Fp 232 teat omeiene 236 Magid fermen gan fi A [EXPERIMENTAL DATA ee Rome eee re es Serecere be sas a tee gs ccna Derren eaten Ce ina es aty Te Ser #V. The pickup in conigarauan Ais ed ara elrene ani eld 13d to compare the performance ofl the other suit Inout te Shiels rounded a oe nt hi ha ne eto the magne sing. ‘Grouniag the sid a both ends atin cotgaraon provides some ‘opie fe preection Benue the lege) ove the tel cot Teqncy. The rtecton would be even greater i were ol forte {ound top formed by growing Wash ea of the eet Te agate Send gh van ate ip op Gin thn des 8 se vlan sui ae Of a trated paic ain Grout D ssid provide mich gener snugnee Ble noe section, bu eet deened byte rou! oop formed by ect ground st bth ends, ‘Ths can clearly be seen by Comparing the ateuatono ci Hott of crea D. Adding shed ‘stone end grounded tote tte pata a Bhs 0 eet. Grounds the sel at bh encase proves atonal protectin, sac te lope sl hs Soe fh again oan op eit configurations i Fp 228 provide poo magnet fell poten ‘ae i pur oe tac he nt He, ‘Cieat G shows a sigan: improvement in mapete Geld shielding. {ae tat hr so rnd lop to defeat he shige cone pois ty small op mc snc he silt canbe repented by am quale ‘Sector foted on i etc ani Theos Toate he sl ot OF Te was eapected tha the ttd pl of cei woul provide ena ray move siding than the S88 shown The reduced shellac ue toBAG | - te fat that some elec el coupling i 90 Weaning 0 show wp. Tis fa be seen in out, where stanton nee 190d by pling Sil round the ited pai The feta tention cea eee than a sinter that this ese the porter Sonal eble presse Sale lop area tthe magnetic ld than does te wed Pe TM, owever bot ness tee in general Increning the number of me ae 228 Roals of tne laser al spl wn a oh pe foo fret f theese pis (Hor 1) would reduce the pekup In ese, claut 7 Prefered (0 cieu @ for loweqdeney apne ‘Ming soc in / th sd Ts mots one of he sina Soon. ‘Grong beth ends of the ald ince J deta the shsing Sth. Tabs de tothe igh sheet a the red oop fed by hes acing neal vag the two cater condor. Creat rorides me shtdng than spe It combios the etfs ofthe ean Sih thos ofthe este ai Cel ot somal desta ine 0 tok elas or eutet tht do get on the sie ean Row down he sal aco it sont aways feter to comet the shel and con ductors together tt one point Tat pm sou be such ha ue lent rom the silé doesnot han 1 ow down the signal conduct 9[EXAMPLE OF SELECTIVE SHIELOING The sicléed oop atena san example whee the ec fel is elke vey sheled wile the ogee els unafeced. Such an tema i ‘eft In ado Seton Ades, Kan a desea the sienna ne Pickup tn bowdeat reese, Te ater eft sgiieant tease the isjoriy of local none sources generate prodomany lee el Figure 204 show the tne lop stems. From Eq 12 the waioce ‘ibe voltage produd Ste loo bythe magncte Bld Y= 2nfBAcose The angle 0s ested between the mapate eld and pe ‘he plane of th nop. The lop, however nate verte means ad I a tage da to ot tie ald Th alae gl © Salo act the effective heh Pella (ET, 1968. 258) The coe 8) “The sng 0 measured between the cle ld snd the plane of the "To eliminate pickup om the let ld, the lop cou be ede as stow io Fig. 208. However, ts contgration slows aheld ert 0 ow, which wil canal the mapatc ed wee the eect ho Frvct the fom o sil cament. Ths cn be done shown in Pp MC Sythe ing cn eon othe OB gr? Se i op ett a i pe ‘COAXIAL CABLE VERSUS SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR ‘When comping coi nl wt shied twisted pit isimprtnt recogpie th wuss of both types of cb frm ¢ popaeion pot of ews imepecve of thew Shcung chafacenei, Tha shown Pig 25 Shield wise puis te vet sul a equecie below 100 To ‘ome splcatom the Tequeny may each high as HM. Abone Tite he loss i he sbeled sted par ies nie ‘On the ether Rand, coil cable has 8 mote ior charac impedance with ower se Its wel, thettoe, fom Too fey (G5 sp to VHE fraqcncic, wt some appt extending to UNE ‘Now «few funded mopar te let in cml ele tebe lage, nd waveguide becomes ore roca A sieled tied pl hs mone ‘Gpactunce than a ooxl cae and teeore sot as Weal at eh freq or i Nahimpedance cits ‘A cosil eattgrouncod a ape point provides a good degre of proton fom eapattve pcp. BU ita nie current How inte sll, ‘oie vole product, Is magoitade i equal co the shi crrent Ties tn dt etna Snce he shld ptf the sigal pth thie totes vlogs appears note tn scsi toe fap ipa A dbl ‘elds, or tna, cable wth Inlaon between the two shir an Sninaté the nove prooteed by the sid teitance The noe caren ows th terse de igen! Rows a ie ners. Te fro came (enal an nose) teefre Jo ot ow though a eon TSnorastcly, uaa cables ae expensive and avtward to ase. A oan ete st igh frequen however, ats a Wal eble doc (0 ‘Nin ee For apc shielded eb, i eee Recomes porta ig 91 Ul gry er minet Mie Te mie cen ow te tie ie fh sit ‘le th pal earn Rows o he ine sree, Forth aon 3c (Sh bate for asa igh regoenie "shied este ph chars sia 1 rial cabe an i ‘ota expensie or wkd The spa current fo inthe two et ‘ondary, and any tise creme ow in he sil. Coomon-esance coping mated In néton a shies corrent scoupled eal eto ‘oth incr andor by rouwalIndanc, en the wtp thereore nea! "A unhiled twisted pai, ulest ts txmiston ae balanced roves sesy te proecon ogi eapecite pick. but ts tery pd Tor Protection sais magne pickup. The seed twisted pair pots the st siting for low equeney sit, In which magic ek the Iajor problem. The effesncac ot twig iran ete number at ‘wine fr ei nat nresses [BRAIDED SHIELDS ‘Most cables ne actualy sided with tid rater than with a so (rout, The adres of eid are Dexia, Cray, sng, 208 ge i rs ove ay roe Sy SDN cig a roids jt ight redvers sl fld sheng (exopt at UHI fe [owns but pel Tucee mapree al sileng The reason i ht [ra date fomiy of el caret Abide fom 3 {2 Bab ceive an» sid sel for peng aps ape ‘St Ngherfoquences the efetvencs ofthe brit desenes fhe. ‘Thi benue the rad hls become per cospared tos winsengh ‘he ewency increases, Maple sede ofr more protection, bat wih phe cos and es fenbity. Cater with dbl o ten rile sas se gure 2-3 (Vance, 178, ig 5.1) shows the taafer impedance for 4 ‘ypc rate sel ale normalize othe de reste of the sl “The desea in tanierimpeaee around 1M 1 the sin effect ‘th stl The sbsequem inst In rat epedace above ME Suet the ols in the bal. Curves ave ge for saroue percentages of cvetge ofthe bad Ar canbe toe, fret sling he brid should rove at eat 959 conse. (Cables wih very hin Sold aluminum shields are este and povde almost 100% coverage and more elletie cles Fels seins ‘They ar not as stony rai, hove hgh sel atl reueaey de © ‘hs higher sel etn, nde iit (i wot tpl) ee. te propery Silat son sate that cootine a a eld with & 90 myo ewe 12 aed ou mpl of dane sl fin of om ES tac ne 8 vai, and hese sie are intended to take advantage ofthe best pop "reo each, whe mining the dacastge. Tae tal sows pope Sia" teminton ofthe shi an the fal eaves the oles a the a EFFECT OF PIGTAILS “The magne shilling revi dace depends on enor dee tis o he opin ssl erent arond hess dreamference The ‘Semntcshcking etlecvenss noe the endo he sble depends om the ‘Tay the brid secre A pil ooneston Fig. 233, sues the {ed Suen ro be concrtras'on one side of the ti. For msm protect, the shield souls be terminated lr fou ts loss ‘Sato, This can te secompliiet by nga canal omnes a theBNC, UHF, or Type N sonnets. Ste 2 conser how i Fie 23, provide 3 tecteal emo to the shield. A can termintion 0 Bees ope snr ot ene enscr, pracring emy Fire 28 chown one method of povising 2 3 sil termination without sing 2 connector. "The wie of spp termination that ol 2 Sal actos ofthe Ltt Seed ale ang cn fase 9 inet eet ‘het! nose coupling to = able or weap, the coupling lo = 146: (1D) shield cable withthe sti grounded = both end ith mpl termine shown In 20 (ul 1980, Fig. fs) The tornaing penne of the shelded entuctor was 5001 The fre shows the nd contre te ‘msonee coupling io the shee! porton of the cle, ihe mapoti Supig 10 the unshielded (pga) potion ofthe cable, andthe eecte ‘Ouping fo the woselde portion othe cable. Tae ep casing to woe = aut /| |S eo eee 26, Oe ma of nig #0 me oe si Srna 50 fom Pol, 980. TELE)the shicled ponion of the cable nas nephsilewnce the shield was {founded andthe tenting enpedance ws lowe Ar canbe seen in Fp 235 sbove 00H te primary coupling tothe cae ro indie eupling no the pita Hohe tering npedance of he held conductor i irene from 50 to 10041, the els at shown in Fg 2-97 (Pal 98 Fig. 80) Here the eapatie coupling to the pps the predominnn®cooping mechan toe T0AHe Under thes condone the coupling st Mia = 40d [eater than wat would hve bean he able had heen completely Shield oo pita The manna beefs of «well shielded abe wil only be resized be shied propery emitted The fegakemens of proper Sill term 1. A very low impedance ground connection 2. A 3 contact ith he sil fg ae Fee 29. Coping 7. slid ym om oe min, Coot ‘mon un 0 fom Pa TELE, A mao cowt suited with the we of ales the expos rele to the ‘Smaiation f the cable. The aanape ribbon cbs eta ey al Towra mpl eminations. Tht the primary reason for ig bon bee bon i te» sco aang. Toy ae “conto bh" vec th io nd oan of ewe ii bed, ‘etic onde pc nog tor A noma ws an ann tebe pen ntti oe cit nom snare fom oe fre oe Te te Sth prance orale cn om oe wt ot The nape poten ote hs of tne rts a th nl acon ged wih ape taal os ad Boum Te 2364 tow on ce we one sondsor is pond and arth reaeing condos pl ose omgraton e ae nti te nib chron equ ower ot sc pbs Ft oda age np bec, Seal cnt i od eu, wih eae on ap ses pm oh ommend Ropes ctor tn oven ow of Wi So%Sng gerd sald feped won fe er conde ove soe ee efton arene te ep iS cairn pant geo ey omen npn ‘pce ote treme nag fos ee twit many ems 20 Te spate wore oa Scones len so gent yf qed esr sa cnc "rain tht on shy vir oF. 288, ad on hat ws Sh fee cana om ne Tsao he ‘Salih tee To nl ods se oe pon nh woe Sn open” pi, lhe ca per on 238 ‘Stren gow br se Sl sn? Crngraon ay poe sce pes ioe npn. Tc ea ate wth np ae nee wi of ahah nen ne Son inthe te ose a secre 1 Spin cen splotches hee ane sn gn eee0000000 @000000 @000000 29,9.9.9.9.9. sem, © cron er 20 i oe eri) sont) aera pants) {othe gro pony te car cents wl Be Forced ut fom under the il at Sa aoe eh el fpnencs ty conierbty educa” The elect of shi termination om ‘be radiation from sven cables war died ty Palmgren (398), Prmgrn pols ov thatthe outte sondern sildd on ete tem at well shld eth condoor lene loner fo he cero he ‘ible (ypealy 78 kes sling) This ete eto the onunforty ‘ofthe shed event atthe ode edge of the shied. Therefore eel ‘Sent shold wot te plseed onthe onde conductors of heed bbon ‘le, ELECTRICALLY LONG CABLES “Te proveding anys eased that the cables wore sort compared © 2 revelnath: Win thrall meas that lhe cet onthe ble 88 has. Unie them ccumatnes the theory pei tat th the ect En tho magnetic ld couping ieease wh rout fatty. Ta rte, bower, he coupling eel of above von eguen) “Ae caer spproah a quarter alent lh somo the cartnt in the sable rout of phase. When the cable tall-wnciap og the ‘uot phase caret wil cae the xtra seupling toe sro dee fo snetition of eles. This does ot ater the depesdonce of he cooing ‘ae aie per the oe, iy a te imei res Thevfore the param at dctermin the coup Femi the same, repress of the fap ofthe bles "= pure 2-39 the the coupling between two cas with and without the sesumpton tht th ebls ashe Thera ae saa np othe ott ‘ee the ping eflecsstut to ocaraoout on cath of 8 wena “Above this pot he ata upg decrees baer the ue Jn pase wea the sort cable approximation pacts a increas in ee En i cpg om ae i ra rn tieeuplng. 1 the se in couplag peice bythe Sort cable approximation ‘Pune ata quater mavelengrh, provides an spproximaon tothe ual couling. Note that the nus nd peaks pred bythe phasing of the covene are ot taken to scoot under these eeumsances, How reales ne plaoing to take advantage of hse nl ad peas a the dean equipments dangerous thing To dott lotion Is oot For more information on analyzing long abe see Pal (1979) and Sith osm. summeaRy + Elec elds are mack easier guard against than magnetic els 1 The ue of nonmagnetic bie around conductors proves 00 mig sei ile 4A sbielé grounded atone or more pints shies electric els ‘Sroupy the sil ated ff he ground lane. 4+ For ona ate grounded tbo eds, italy all f the earn arent ows inthe sel at Ueguenes stove ve tins the Std stot regu) + To prctent ration rom condor, sil rounded tbh end iri ebove the shed eto frequency + Only mie sour of magnet hing i posible Ina rsetor Sai ht i ground both en, de othe pound i ome 1 Any sil in which noise crate fom sou ot be part the sg ‘th, Us shied twisted pi ori cbl at low equen, 4 Sie eens aol ea ar nae de in + The magnet shielding floats tied here requ a ead silt ‘ith onfonm ditibon of eel! eurent ore the cheumlsrenee of the ica BIoUoGRAPHY all Labrie Ply! Deigaof Kone Syms. WL 1, Caper 10 (Gleura! nero) Prec Ego Chl 83 re aoe eee an ree oer | rita of Hkcrohagcc Ines Sappeson). Peach Reach Gee cea Yen ‘Moi, R, J, “Couping between Open and Shiced Wire Lines over 2 Ground "Wie TEBE Tacos on EMC, Soper 7 Mein RG nd Sting Ties rane, Wy, Now Pine, “Sheed Fas Cale for FM ESD Reson." IEEE Symposia hm ig neon) Pons" EE Pct FM oy Po Pe of nto Ca oH ld Ca" EE SAG LERE Symposhm on EMC. York, Engané,Osober 565. ‘et Vit Jounal of Reo and Devlp Sepeter 1 Suis A. A Coping of Excel lcromepcc Rea fo Trniin Lin. ‘iy, New Yr, 1.