Riyazi Mohandesi PDF

Download from www.mec-poro.blogfa.
com
.
) f ( x ] [ -p , p
a + b cos x + c sin x
( f ( x ) - a - b cos x - c sin x ) 2 dx
p
-p
= ) I ( a , b , c a
b c .

.

.
.
.

.
.
.

.

S .

.
.

.

.

.
) f ( x f ( x ) dx
x
-
e iax f ( x ) f ( x - a ) ) xf ( x
) f ( x.
Download from www.mec-poro.blogfa.com

.

. ) f ( x p :
" x D f ( x + p ) D f
) f ( x + p ) = f ( x
p p ) f ( x
) f ( x p ) y = f ( x x
p . ) f ( x :
: cos a x sin a x a .
: ) f ( x
) ( a , b
b - a x
) f ( x ) ( a , b )(
p = b - a.
) f ( x .
) f ( x ) ( 0, k P = k .

) f ( x ] [ a , b ) f ( x ) f ( x . ) f ( x
][a , b
) f ( x
.

.
.
) f ( x ] [ a , b x = c
.
) g ( x ] [ a , b . x = c
) h ( x ] [ a , b x = c
.

) f ( x ] [ -L , L ) f ( x + 2 L ) = f ( x f
:
) f ( x x 0 :
) (
= f x 0 x = x 0
) f ( x x 0 :
) ( ) (
f x 0- + f x 0+
2
= x = x 0
x 0
) f ( x 0 ) f ( x 0 .
: ) f ( x ) ( 0, h x 0
:
( ) ( 0, h
x ) ( ) (
f x 0- + f x 0+
( ) x 0 ( 0, h h ) x 1 ( 0, h
= x 0 + kh
) x k ( ) ( ) (
f x 1- + f x 1+
f x 0 x 1
.
x 0
x 0 h ) ( ) (
f 0+ +f h-

) f ( x .

) . ( :
( .
( .
( )( .
:
( f ( x ) = sin x 2 ) ( x 2
.
0 < x < L
1
x2
= ) f ( x
.
1 L
= +
x 0+
L
2
L
3L
<<x
2
4
3L
7L
<<x
4
8
M
<0<x
( 2n - 1) L < x < ( 2n +1 - 1) L
2n + 1
2n
dx = -
1
x2
L
0
1
2
f ( x ) = 1
4
M
2n
.
x = L
x = L
.
( , 0 < x < 1
1
x
f ( x ) = x sin
1 1
1
1
,
,
. sin , K
p 2 p 3p
x
= x ) f ( x
) x ( .
x = 0
x = 0.

) f ( x T = 2 L ) ( :
np
np
x + b n sin
x
L
L
a n cos
a0
n =1
p
p
2p
2p
x + b 1 sin x + a 2 cos
x + b 2 sin
x +L
L
L
L
L
a0
+ a 1 cos
= )f (x
=
) k (
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) cos
k +2L
k
np
f ( x ) sin
x dx
L
k +2L
k
1
L
= an
1
= bn
L
a n n b n n .
a0
2
dc ) f ( x
. a n f ( x ) d x
) f ( x :
k + 2L
k
1
L
= a 0
) f ( x x
a0

x
x .
2
b n a n n
.
b n a n . ) f ( x
) ( -L , L
) ( - L , L :
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) cos
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) sin
L
-L
L
-L
1
L
= an
1
L
= bn

.
) f ( x T = 2L :
L
kR
f ( x ) dx
-L
k + 2L
= f ( x ) dx
k
) f ( x T = 2 L
.
( ) f ( x ) ) f ( - x ) = f ( x y (
:
bn = 0
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) cos
L
0
2
L
= an
.
( ) f ( x ) ) f ( - x ) = - f ( x (
:
an = 0
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) sin
L
0
2
L
= bn
.
a0
: a n
a n
2
a0
2
a a n
b n b b n
b n .
( ) f ( x :
) f ( x - L) = f ( x + L) = - f ( x
a0
)
2
( (
:
x dx
x dx
( 2 k - 1) p
L
( 2 k - 1) p
L
f ( x ) cos
f ( x ) sin
L
0
2
L
2
L
= a 2 k -1
= b 2 k -1
( ) f ( x .
) f ( x :
x dx
( 2 k -1) p
L
f ( x ) sin
L
2
0
4
=
L
b 2 k -1
b 2k = 0
an = 0
) f ( x :
x dx
( 2 k -1) p
L
f ( x ) cos
L
2
0
4
L
= a 2 k -1
a 2k = 0
bn = 0
( ) f ( x
.
) ( .
) (
) (
a0
(
2
x = L
) (
a0
=0
a n = 0 ,
2
b
2n -1 = 0
) (
a0
0
a n = 0 ,
2
b
2n -1 = 0
) f ( x T = 2 L ) :
(
np
np
a n cos L x + b n sin L x
n =1
a0
2
= )f (x
2p
sin a x cos a x
a
np
x dx = La n
L
f ( x ) cos
np
x dx = Lb n
L
f ( x ) sin
L
-L
L
-L
= T .
.
2p
= T

a

.

.
:
1 - cos 2 a
1 + cos 2 a
= cos 2 a
2
2
3sin a - sin 3 a
cos 3 a + 3cos a
3
3
= sin a
= cos a
4
4
1
) ) cos a cos b = ( cos ( a + b ) + cos ( a - b
2
1
) ) sin a sin b = ( cos ( a - b ) - cos ( a + b
2
1
) ) sin a cos b = ( sin ( a + b ) + sin ( a - b
2
= sin 2 a
p
p
) f ( x ) ( -L , L x + c sin x
L
L
a + b cos

:
f (x) d x
L
-L
p
x dx
L
f ( x ) cos
p
x dx
L
f ( x ) sin
1 1
2 L
-L
L
-L
a0
2
=a
1
= b = a1
L
1
L
= c = b1
: ) ( n
n
.
.

np
np
np
n =1
n =1
np
a0
2
a0
2
= ) f ( x
= ) F ( x ) f ( x ) F ( x
( f ( x ) - F ( x ) ) 2 dx
L
-L
= E E :
f ( x ) = x ) ( -p , p sin nx
a2 N
0
2
f ( x ) dx - L
+
a 2n + b 2n
2
-L
n =1
n +1
)2 ( -1
n
n =1
2
3
n +1
3
) 2 ( -1
= 2p - p 4 + 4 + 4 = p 6p 2 - 49
dx - p
n
3
4 9 9
n =1
)2 ( -1
)(x
:
= =an =0 , bn
N = 3 :
n +1
p
-p
a0
2
= E
) f ( x ) g ( x ) ( - L , L b n a n b *n
a *n ) c 1 f ( x ) + c 2 g ( x c 1 b n + c 2 b *n
c 1 a n + c 2 a *n .
:
np
C n sin L + q
f (x) = C 0 +
n =1
C = a 0
0
2
2
2
C n = a n + b n
an
q = Arc tan
bn
f g :
) a n cos ( n x + f n
f (x) = a 0 +
n =1
) b n cos ( n x + y n
n =1
g(x) = b 0 +
) c n cos ( n x + q n
h (x) = f (x) + g(x) = c 0 +
n =1
c0 = a0 +b0
c 2n = a 2n + b 2n + 2 a n b n cos f n - y n
a n sin f n + b n sin y n
= tan q n
a n cos f n + b n cos y n
.
mp
mp
sin x
2L x
L
L
cos ) m (
.
) g ( x ) f ( x ) ( - L , L :
np
np
x
L
np
np
x + b *n sin
x
L
L
x + b n sin
a n cos L
a0
2
n =1
a *n cos
n =1
a *0
2
= )f (x
= )g(x
) ( a n a *n + b n b *n
n =1
a 0 a *0
2
= f (x)g(x) d x
L
-L
1
L
) f ( x ) = g ( x :
) ( a 2n + b 2n
n =1
a 02
+
2
(x) d x
f
-L
1
L
.
f 2 (x)d x
L
-L
:
lim b n = 0
lim a n = 0 ,
n
) . (.
n b n a n ) (
c

n
) c (.
b n a n
c
n
. ) ( k - 1 b n a n
c
k +1
c
k +1
k b n a n
. :
( :
1
n
1
lim a n = 0 = 1
n
n
1
sin n
n
b n = n sin
= an
lim n sin n
n
.
( :
n
2
n +1
= bn
lim a n = lim b n = 0 n a n
n
c
1
b n . b n a n
n
n
1
2
n +1
1
n2
= an
.
:
c
) f ( x a n b n
n
c
.
n
) f ( x ) f ( x a n
c
n2
c
2
b n
) f ( k -1) ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( k ) ( x
a n b n
c
k +1
c
k +1
: .
f f
.
b n = 0
c
n2
= an
f .
c
a n = 0
n
= bn
: 0 < x < 2p f ( x ) = sin x :
2n + 1
sin nx
cos 2nx
n =1
2
p
4n 2 - 1
n =1
(
2 4
p p
cos nx
2n - 1
n =1
sin 2nx
4n 2 - 1 (
n =1
2 4
p p
4
p
:
f 1 4 .
f f b n = 0 a n
1
n2
.

) (
.

.
; 0xL
x

2L - x ; L x 2L
f ( x ) = :
kpx
kpx
a k cos L + b k sin L

b k = 0 , a 0 = L (
a0
2
k =1
)f (x
) (
2L
L
= , a0
(
kp
2
= bk
b k = 0 , a 0 = 2 L (
2L
, a 0 = L (
kp
= bk
: .
2L
2 L :
bk = 0
L
=L
0
2 x2
= x dx
L 2
-p < x < p f ( x ) = x sin nx
g ( x ) = x sin x Y n cos nx
n =2
( -1) n -1
n 2 -1
( -1) n -1
n
L
0
n =1
2
= f ( x ) dx
L
2
= a0
L
2 -p < x < p
1
2
1 - cos x - 2 Y n
( -1) n
n 2 -1
n 2 -1
: .
-1
n 2 -1
( -1) n -1 sin nx sin x

n
x sin x = 2
n =1
:
cos ( n + 1) x
( -1) n -1
n
cos ( n - 1) x -
n =1
n -1
)( -1
n
( cos ( n - 1) x - cos ( n + 1) x ) =
n -1
)( -1
n
n =1
= x sin x
n =1
n - 1 n n + 1 n :
cos nx
( -1) n -2
n -1
cos nx -
n =2
( -1) n
n +1
= x sin x
n =0
:
-2 ( -1) cos nx
n
n 2 -1
n =2
)( -1
1
cos nx = 1 - cos x +
n -1
2
n =2
cos nx -
)( -1
n +1
n =2
1
x sin x = 1 - cos x +
2
( -1) n
n 2 -1
= Yn
) f ( x
b n sin nx
n =1
p 2
p+
f =3
a 0 + = 1
) f ( x 4 b 1 - b 3 + b 5 - + L
-2 (
-6 (
: .
p

2
0 (
a0 = 4
-4 (
= x :
3+1
= 4 + b 1 - b 3 + b 5 - +L
2
np
2
b n sin
=a +
0
n =1
p+
+ f
pf
2
b 1 - b 3 + b 5 - + L = -2
; 0 < x < p
) (
f ( x ) = sin e x
( .
( .
( ) ( 0 , p .
( ) ( 0 , p .
: .
) ( 0 , p T = p

) (
sin e x .
:
) (
x
f ( x ) = e cos e
x
f ( x ) = 0 ) f ( x 0 < x < p
.
) (
sin e x dx
p
0
( .
) (
f ( x ) = sin e x ) ( 0 , p
) ( 0 , p .
) f ( x f ( x ) = x + cos 2x p x 0
) f ( x ] [ -p, p cos 2x
0 (
) (
1
(
2p
1 (
1
(
2p
1-
1+
: .
p = 2p L = p
np
x = a n cos nx
L

p
x cos 2x + cos 2 2x dx
14243
0
1
(1+ cos 4x )
2
a n cos n = 2 a 2 cos 2x :
21 p 1
+=1
p 4 2 4
p
0
2
( x + cos 2x ) cos 2xdx =
p
p
0
2
p
2x
1
1
1
sin 2x + cos 2x + x + sin 4x

p 2
4
2
4
= a2
) f ( x + 4p ) = f ( x
) f ( x
) f ( - x ) = f ( x
0 < x < 2p f ( x ) = e sin x
cos x
1
(
p
0 (
1
(
2p
2
(
p
: .
) f ( x + 4p ) = f ( x f p = 4p.
) f ( - x ) = f ( x f .
f ( x ) = e sin x ; 0 < x < 2p -2p < x < 0

-2p < x < 2p L = 2p .
np
n x = cos x
2p
1 sin 2 p
e
- e sin 0 = 0
p
cos n = 2 :
2p
=
0
1 sin x
e
p
= cos x .e sin x dx
2p
0
2p
1
= x dx
2p
p
e sin x cos
a n .
f ( x ) = 3 - x , 0 < x < 3 ) n (
( a n .
a n ( .
a 2n ( .
( .
2p
0
2
2p
= a2
: .
f T = 3
3

2
.
a0

2
f ( x ) = x , - p < x p 2 p
(
(
cos ( 2 m + 1) x
( 2 m + 1)2
cos ( 2 m + 1) x
2m + 1
( -1)m
m=0
m=0
p 4
2 p
cos ( 2 m + 1) x
p 4
2 p
)( 2 m + 1
cos ( 2 m + 1) x
(
( -1)m
( 2 m + 1)2
p 2
2 p
m=0
) (
m=0
p 2
2 p
: .
P = 2 p :
cos nx
]+
1
sin nx
n
cos nx
1
n2
]-
x
p
x cos nx dx
np
2
= x dx
L
p
f ( x ) cos
L
0
2
L
= an
n
n
0
n
)2 ( -1
1
=
= -4
p n2
n 2
2
p n
p
0
2 x
1
= sin nx +
cos nx
2
p n
n
an

p

2
x < 1
1
3
1 - ln (
2
2
= ) f ( x
1
3
- 2 ln (
2
2
a n
n =1
cos ( 2 m + 1) x
1
;
x +2
( 2 m + 1)2
m=0
p 4
2 p
f (x) :

3
1 - 2 ln (
2
1
3
- ln (
2
2
: .
; x < 1
1
x +2
= ) f ( x p = 2 :
1
1
3
) dx = 2 ln ( x + 2
= 2 ( ln 3 - ln 2 ) = 2 ln
2
0 x + 2
0
2
1
= a0
np
np
3
f ( x ) = ln +
a n cos 1 x + b n sin 1 x
2
n =1
x = 0 :
3
- ln
2
a n = 2
n =1
1 -2 < t < -1
0 -1 < t < 0

f ( t ) =
-1 0 < t < 1
0
1< t < 2
a 2k + 1 , b 2k + 1 (
a 2k + 1 (
) a n , b n ( (
b 2k + 1 (
: .

-2 < t < 0 y = 0
) ( 2
0 < t < 2
. b 2k + 1 a 2k + 1 .
1
3
= ln +
an
2
2 n =1
p
+ np + p 2
= , bn
np
4
+p
= an

f ( f .
f ( .
f , f ( .
(
: .
1
a n
b n
n3
1
2
a n , b n .
) f ( x k - 1 n a n , b n
1
k +1
k ) f ( x a n , b n
1
n2
1
k +1
k + 1 = 2 k = 1 ) f ( x ) f ( x
.
x ( p + x ) , -p x 0

x ( p - x ) , 0 < x < p
f ( x ) =
pn 3 sin ( nx ) (
sin ( 2m - 1) x (
n =1
p 2 ( 2m - 1) 3 sin ( 2m - 1) x (
m =1
p ( 2m - 1) 3
m =1
)) pn 3 ( sin ( nx ) + cos ( nx
n =1
: .
:
an = a0 = 0
2
p
bn =
x ( p - x ) sin nx dx
px - x 2
p
2 x 2 - px
p - 2x
2
cos nx +
sin nx cos nx
2
3
p
n
n
n
0
bn =
0
2 -2
2
4
cos np +
=
(1 - cos np ) = 8
=
3
3
3
pn
n pn
pn 3
f (x) =
p - 2x
-2
]+
sin nx
1
- cos nx
n
-
1
n2
1
n3
sin nx
cos nx
p ( 2m - 1) 3 sin ( 2m - 1) x
m =1
b n =
a n = 0 - a < x < a g
2n

a
(
3
2a (
a
-a
f ( x ) dx
2
a
(
2
a (
. :
:
1
a
a
-a
-a
f ( x ) dx =
2
a 02
+
2
a 2n + b 2n
n =1
1
a
a
-a
1
2
1
1
1
2
f ( x ) dx = a
+
+
+ L = a 2
=a
2
4
6
1
2
2
2
1- 2
2
f ( x ) dx =
2
n =1
1
22n
1
4 =a
3
3
4
sin 2x , -p < x < - 2
: p = 2p f ( x ) = 0 , - x 0
2
sin 2x , 0 < x p
f ( x ) = a0 +
( a n cos nx + bn sin nx )
n =1
( )
: b 2 a 2
3 3
, (
4 4
1,
3
(
4
3
, 0 (
4
1 , 0 (
. :
1
a2 =
p
p
-p
2p
1
f ( x ) cos
xdx =
p
p
p
2
sin 2x cos 2xdx +
-p
p
0
-p
p
1
1
2 1
1 1
=
sin 4xdx +
sin 4xdx = - cos 4x
p -p 2
p 8
0 2
1 1
1
= - (1 - 1) - (1 - 1) = 0
p 8
8
1
b2 =
p
1
=
p
-p
2p
1
f ( x ) sin
xdx =
p
p
p
2
-p
1 - cos 4x
dx +
2
p
0
p
2
sin 2x sin 2xdx +
-p
sin 2x cos 2xdx
p
2
-p
p
0
1
cos 4x
8
sin 2x sin 2xdx
1 - cos 4x 1 1
1
dx = x - sin 4x
2
p
2
4
p
2
-p
1
1
+ x - sin 4x
2
4
3
1 1 p
1
- + p + ( p - 0) =
p 2 2
2
4
x = 1 f ( x ) = 1 - x ; 0 < x < 1
1
(
2
0 (
1 (
. :
( 0,1)
1 - x
: . P = 1 0 < x < 1 1 - x
x = 1 :
( ) ( ) = f (1 ) + f ( 0 ) =
f 1- + f 1+
2
1 - 1- + 1 - 0+ 1
=
2
2
e x
f ( x ) = 0
-x
-e
( )
, 0 < x <L
, x=0
, -L < x < 0
L
2 1 - e cos np
npx
sin
(
2
np
L
L
n =1
1+
np
L
2 1 + e cos np
npx
(
sin
2
np
L
L
n =1
1+
np
2L
( np) 2
n =1
L
npx
2 1 - e cos np
(
sin
2
np
L
L
n =1
1+
np
1 L
e -1 +
L
npx
cos
+
L
L
1+ 2
np
1
L
2 1 - e cos np
npx
sin
(
2
np
L
L
n =1
1+
np
. :
:
an = a0 = 0
.
bn =
I=
2
L
e x sin
e x sin
np
x dx
L
np
x dx
L
2
I=
I=
-L x
np
np
L
L
e cos
x + e x sin
x-
np
L
L
np
np
ex
]+
ex
L x
np
L
np
.e - cos
x+
sin
x
2 np
L
n
p
L
L
1+
np
2
bn =
L
1
L
1+
np
L x
np
L
np
e - cos
x+
sin
x
np
L
np
L
=
0
2
np
1
L
1+
np
np
x
L
-L
np
cos
x
np
L
2
np
L
+
- sin
x
L
np
ex
L
sin
( -e
cos np + 1
. f ( x ) = x - [ x ]
( )
1
2
1
+
2
cos ( 2npx )
n =1
( np ) 2
np
n =1
sin ( 2npx )
sin ( 2npx )
np
n =1
1
+
2
1+
sin ( 2npx )
np
n =1
sin ( 2npx )
np
n =1
(
(
. :
:
1
f ( x ) = mx - [ mx ] m > 0
m
1
1
1
f x + = m x + - m x + = mx + 1 - [ mx + 1] = mx + 1 - [ mx ] - 1 = f ( x )
m
m
m
T = 1 f ( x ) = x - [ x ]
11
1
= 2 =
2
1
2
a0
1
bn =
1
2
1
0
( x - [ x ]) sin
np
1
x dx = 2
x sin 2np x dx
an
( x - [ x ]) cos n1p x dx = 2
0
2
-x
1
bn = 2
cos 2npx +
sin 2npx
2
2
4n p
2np
1
=
1
2
1
0
1
-1 -1
= 2
=
2np np
+
]
]-
sin 2npx
-1
cos 2npx
2np
-1
4n 2 p 2
x cos 2np x dx
1
a n = 2
sin 2npx +
cos 2npx
2 2
2n
p
4n p
+
]
]-
=0
0
sin 2npx
cos 2npx
1
sin 2npx
2np
-1
4n 2 p 2
cos 2npx
:
f (x) =
1
2
n =1
sin 2npx
np
sin nx
1 + cos np
2
n = 3 1 + 3n
f ( x ) sin 2x dx = 0 (
p
0
1
2p
= ) f ( x
1
(
98
= f ( x ) sin 4x dx
p
0
: .
) f ( x sin nx f
2L = 2p .
3 :
b1 = b 2 = 0
1 1 + cos np
2p 1 + 3n 2
= "n 3:b n
:
p
b2 =0
2
= f ( x ) sin 2x dx
p
p 1 1 + cos 4p 1
= b4
=
2
2 2p 1 + 3 ( 4 )2 98
= f ( x ) sin 4x dx
p
0
p
0
f ( x ) sin 2x dx
p
0
f ( x ) sin 4x dx
p
0
2
p
= b2
2
= b4
p
) f ( x a 0 , a n , b n 2p
g ( x ) = f ( x ) cos x a 0 , a n , bn
(
(
(
bn +1 - bn -1
= , bn
2
bn +1 + bn -1
2
+ bn -1
= , bn
bn +1
= , bn
an +1 - an -1
2
an +1 + an -1
2
+ a n -1
an +1
= , a n
= , a n
= , a n
a1
2
a1
2
a0
2
a0
) (
= a 0
= a 0
= a 0
2
2
an +1 + bn +1
a n +1 + bn -1
= a 0
= , a n
= , bn
(
2
2
2
: .
f ( x ) cos nx dx
1
( cos ( n + 1) x + cos ( n - 1) x ) dx
2
)f (x
p
1
= f ( x ) cos ( n - 1) x dx
a n +1 + a n -1
2
-p
p
-p
1
p
1
p
f ( x ) cos ( n + 1) x dx +
= f ( x ) cos x cos nx dx
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
1
p
= an
1
p
= a n
1 1
2 p
bn . :
p
f ( x ) sin n x dx
1
( sin ( n + 1) x + sin ( n - 1) x ) dx
2
)f (x
p
1
= f ( x ) sin ( n - 1) x dx
bn +1 + bn -1
2
-p
1
p
1
p
f ( x ) sin ( n + 1) x dx +
-p
1
a1
2
( x - a sin px - b sin 2px - g sin 3px )2 dx

2
(
p
1
(
p
1
(
p
-p
p
= f ( x ) cos x sin nx dx
p
-p
f ( x ) dx
= f ( x ) cos x dx
1
-1
-p
1
p
= bn
1 1
2 p
-p
p
-p
1
2p
= a0
1
2p
= a 0
= J .
2
(
p
1
p
= bn
: .

f ( x ) = x ; - 1 < x < 1 a sin px + b sin 2px + g sin 3px .
np
x
L
sin px
-1
cos px
p
sin px
-1
p2
b n sin L = 1 :
]+
x
1
x sin pxdx
0
-1
2
= = 2 cos p
p
1
0
2
1
= a = b1
-x
1
a = 2
cos px +
sin px
2
p
p
0 -2 < x < -1
f ( x ) = 1 -1 < x < 1 ) f ( x + 4 ) = f ( x
0 1 < x < 2
) (
p2
1
1
=1 +
+
+L (
2
6
2
32
1 1 1
+ - +L (
2 3 4
p2
1
1
=1 +
+
+L (
2
8
3
52
p
1 1 1
=1 - + - +L (
4
3 5 7
ln 2 =1 -
: .
P = 4 :
bn = 0
2
np
sin
2
np
=
0
np
2
np
x dx = sin
x
2
np
2
( 0 ) cos
2
1
np
(1) cos x dx +
2
( 0 ) dx =1
2
1
1
0
np
f ( x ) cos
= x dx
2
(1) dx +
1
0
= f ( x ) dx
2
0
2
0
2
= an
2
2
2
= a0
:
2
np
np
sin
cos
x
np
2
2
n =1
1
+
2
= )f (x
x = 0 :
1 1
p
= 1 - + - +L
3 5
4
1
np p
sin
=
n
2 4
n =1
n =1
1
p 1
2p 1
3p 1
4p 1
5p
p
sin + sin
+ sin
+ sin
+ sin
=+L
1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2
4
0 < x < 2p cos3 x :

1
1
cos x + cos 3x (
4
4
2
np
sin
np
2
1
+
2
=1
1
1
cos x - cos 3x (
4
4
3
1
cos x + cos 3x (
4
4
) (
3
1
cos x - cos 3x (
4
4
: .
cos3 x 2p 2p
.
www.mec-poro.blogfa.com
:
3
1
cos x + cos 3x
4
4
sin nx
2
n =1 n
= ) f ( x f ( x ) sin 3 xdx
3p
(
8
p
0
= cos 3x = 4 cos3 x - 3cos x cos3 x
3p
(
16
) (
13p
(
36
: .
sin nx
n2
n =1
= ) f ( x ) f ( x p = 2 p
np
npx
sin
x = sin
= sin n x
L
p
1
b n = 2.
n
sin 3 x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x :
f ( x ) sin 3 x dx
p
0
f ( x ) sin x dx -
p
0
f ( x ) sin n x dx
p
0
2
p
3sin x - sin 3x
1
dx = 3
4
4
)f (x
p
0
= f ( x ) sin 3 x dx
p
0
= b n :
p 26 13 p
=
=
8 9
36
1
p
p
1
p 1
3
b
b
3
=
1
3
2
4
2
2
8
( 3) 2
) (1
= f ( x ) sin 3 x dx
p
0

) f ( x ) ( 0, L :
( ) ( - L , 0 ) ( - L , L )
(
:
x
np
a n cos L
a0
n =1
np
x dx
L
f ( x ) cos
L
0
2
L
= an
f (x) d x
L
0
= )f (x
2
L
= a0
( ) ( - L , 0 ) ( - L , L ) (
:
np
x
L
np
x dx
L
b n sin
f ( x ) sin
= )f (x
n =1
L
0
2
L
= bn
) f(x ) (0,L .
)f(x
)f(x
:
) f ( x ) : ( 0, h
( ) ( 0 , h
p = 2L = h .
(
) ( - h , 0 p = 2L = 2h
.
) f ( x ) ( 0, L .
)
( . n .
np
Y n sin L x
n =1
= ) ) f ( x ) f ( x Y n (
) f ( x ) ( 0, L :
np
x dx
L
np
( Y n cos L x
n =1
f ( x ) sin
L
0
2
L
= Yn
) f ( x ) = Y 0 + ) f ( x Y n Y 0 (
) f ( x ) ( 0, L :
f ( x ) dx
L
0
np
x dx
L
0<x<L

-L < x < 0
f ( x ) cos
L
0
1
L
2
L
= Y0
= Yn
) g ( x
f ( x ) = :
np
x dx
L
g ( x ) cos
np
x dx
L
g ( x ) sin
L
0
L
0
g ( x ) ; 0 < x < L:
np
x dx
L
g ( x ) cos
L
0
1
= a n
L
1
= b n
L
2
L
= an
g ( x ) ; 0 < x < L:
np
x dx
L
a n ) g ( x a n ) f ( x.
b n ) g ( x b n ) f ( x.
g ( x ) sin
L
0
2
L
= bn

p
sin x
2
4
p cos ( n x ) (
= sin x
2
4
n
-1
n =1
< 0 < x
) (
4
n
p
cos ( 2 n x ) (
4n 2 - 1
-
4
p cos ( 2 n x ) (
4n 2 - 1
= sin x
n =1
n =1
2
sin x = +
p
( .
: .
p
2
4
4
2
) sin x dx = ( - cos x
=
p
p
0
0
2
= a0
p
2
:
sin x cos 2 n x dx
p
2
0
p
2
0
np
4
sin x cos
= x dx
p
p
2
1
2 cos ( 1 + 2 n ) x cos (1 - 2n ) x
sin (1 + 2n ) x + sin (1 - 2n ) x ) dx = -
+
(
2
1 + 2n
1 - 2n
p
p
2
0
p
2
0
2
=
p
2
4
p
an
2 1
1 2
2
4
1
+
=
=
2
2
p 1 + 2n 1 - 2n p 1 - 4n
p 4n - 1
:
4
p cos 2 n x
4n 2 - 1
-
:
) ( 0, a
.

p

2
a0
2
< 0 < x sin x :
n=0
2
f (x) ; +
p
a0
2
f ( x ) = cos 2x 0 < x < p

cos nx (
cos 2x (
cos ( 2n - 1) x (
( -1)n
4n 2 - 1
1
2
4n - 1
n =1
n =1
: .
cos 2x 0 < x < p :
:
P = 2p cos 2x .
f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ; 0 < x < 1
2
)2 - ( -1
n2
n =1
p2
(
2
( 2 cos np - 1) cos npx
4
2 2
n p
n =1
7
+
3
5p
(
13
5p
(
12
p
(
24
: .
x = 1:
( 2 cos np - 1) cos np
4
2 2
n p
n =1
( ) ( )=7+
f 1- + f 1+
( x + 1) ; 0 < x < 1 -1 < x < 0

2
) ( ) (
P = 2 f 1+ = f 1- :
5p2
12
)2 - ( -1
n2
n =1
) )( 2 - ( -1
n
1
n2
n =1
5
4
=
3 p2
)( 2 ( -1) -1) ( -1
n
1
n2
n =1
4+4 7 4
= +
2
3 p2
0 x p f ( x ) = 1 + cos
( )
1+
2 1
1+ +
p p
a0 =
an =
2
p
2
p
p
0
p
0
2 1
+
p p
( -1) n
n =1 n
1
4
x

2
cos nx (
1+
( -1) m -1
2m - 1
2m ( 2m - 1) cos 2 x (
m =1
x
2
x
1 + cos 2 dx = p x + 2sin 2
x
np
2
1 + cos 2 cos p x dx = p
sin n +
2 1
1
2
= sin n x +
1
p n
2
n+
2
p
0
4 1
2+ +
p p
2
4
( p + 2) = 2 +
p
p
n =1
n =1
( -1) n -1
n
1
4
( -1) n -1
n2 -
1
4
cos nx (
cos nx (
a0
2
=1+
2
p
1
1
1
cos nx + cos n + x + cos n - x dx

2
2
2
sin n x
1
2
+
1
2
n2
n
1 cos np - cos np ( -1)
=
+
=
1
p n + 1
p
n
2
2
. :
p
0
2 1
+
p p
1
1
sin n + p sin n - p
1
2
2
=
1
1
p
n+
n
2
2
0
1
1
n - 2 - n - 2
( -1) n -1
=
p n 2 - 1
n2
4
:
f (x) = 1 +
2
+
p
( -1)
n =1 p n 2
n -1
1
4
cos nx
: [ 0 , p] f ( x ) = x ( p - x )
2
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
p
-
+
+
+ ...
2
2
2
6
2
3
1
8 sin x sin 3x sin 5x

x (p - x) =
+
+
+ ...
p 13
33
53
x (p - x) =
.(

.(
(
(
: .
:
sin ( 2n - 1) x
( 2n - 1) 3
n =1
8
p
cos 2nx
n =1
p2
6
n
.

) f ( x ) ( - L , L :
np
x
L
x + b n sin
np
a n cos L
n =1
a0
2
= )f (x
( ) f ( - L ) = f ( L ) f ( x ) ( - L , L ) f
( :
np
np
np
- a n sin
x + b n cos
x
L
L
L
= )f (x
n =1
f f .
( :
np
np
a n sin L x - b n cos L x + k
L
np
n =1
x +
a0
2
= f (x) d x
.
x
g ( x ) dx
-L
a0
2
a0
2
f (x)d x -
f (x)d x -
) ( - L , + L ) k (
= ) g ( x .
1
= k x ) ( -L , L x
2L
f ( x ) d x
) ( - L , + L .
:
.
) n (
.
) n (
:
:
.

.

.

a n b n .
npx
-L x L f ( x ) = x 2
L
x x2
2 - 1
3L
npx
(
L
npx
(
L
( -1)n sin
sin
L
3
pn
( -1)n L
pn
n =1
n =1
: .
L
npx
sin
+k
np
L
( -1)n
4L2
2
) ( np
n =1
n =1
npx
(
L
4L2
) (
npx
(
L
( np)2 ( -1)n cos
1 2
L +
3
x3 1 2
= L x+
3 3
sin
sin
( -1)n
2
n =1
( -1)n L
2 2
n p
npx
L
4
2
n =1
p
4
2
4L2
( -1)n cos
2
) ( np
n =1
1
x 2 = L2 +
3
x = 0 k = 0 :
npx
L
sin
( -1)n L
3
pn
n =1
4
x x2
2 - 1 = 2
3L
p
4L3
npx
( -1) sin
3
L
) ( np
n
n =1
x 2
= x - L2
3
: f ( x ) = x sin x , - p < x < p

1
cos 2x cos 3x cos 4x
x sin x = 1 - cos x - 2
+
- +L
2
2 4
3 5
1 3

3
p
(
12
8
3
p
(
6
4
n =2
3
p
+
(
12
8
( -1)n n sin
n2 -1
np
3
3
p
+
(
6
4
. :
1
x sin x = 1 - cos x - 2
2
sin x + x cos x =
( -1)
cos nx
( n - 1)( n + 1)
n =2
: f ( -p ) = f ( p )
1
sin x - 2
2
1
x cos x = - sin x + 2
2
( -1)n ( -n sin nx )
n2 -1
n=2
( -1)n n sin nx
n2 -1
n =2
: x =
p
p -1
p
cos =
sin + 2
3
3 2
3
n =1
( -1)n n sin
np
3
n2 -1
n=2
3
3
p
p
=+ 2I I =
+
6
4
12
8
4
( -1)n +1 sin ( nx )
n
[ -p , p]
f ( x ) = 2x
g ( x ) = x 2 - p2
( )
4 ( -1)
n =1
n =1
2x =
n =1
n +1
n2
4 ( -1)
n
sin ( nx ) + ( -1) (
4
( -1)n +1 sin nx
n
sin ( nx ) - ( -1)n (
x2 =
n =1
n =1
n =1
4 ( -1)
n
cos ( nx ) - ( -1) (
2
n
n
4 ( -1)
n
n +1
cos ( nx ) + ( -1)n (
. :
4
n
( -1)n cos nx + k
k x 2 ) ( -p , p :
p2
3
1 x3
= x dx
p 3
2
=
0
-p
11
=k
2p
:
p2
3
)* (
( -1)n cos nx +
2
= x2
n =1
:
2p2
3
1
) . cos nx
cos nx -
)4 ( -1
n2
= g ( x ) = x 2 - p2
n =1
n2
x = p )*( :
( -1)n
)4 ( -1
2
n =1
2p 2
=
3
p2
3
( -1)n cos np +
2
= p2
n =1
) g ( x :
) )( cos nx - ( -1
n
)4 ( -1
2
( -1)n ( -1)n =
2
n =1
( -1)n cos nx -
2
n =1
=)g(x
n =1
: f ( x ) = 2x g ( x ) = x 2 - p 2
) f ( x .
n f ( x ) = 2x 1
g ( x ) = x 2 - p 2 n . .

n ( -1) n +1 sin nx
n =1
= f ( x ) = 2x
.

q
sin q
k n sin ( n + 1) q = 1 - 2k cos q + k 2
n =1
f ( q ) = ln cos
2
cos ( n + 1) q (
cos ( n + 1) q (
)( -1
n +1
( -1) n
n +1
n =1
n =1
a0
2
a0
2
n + 1 cos ( n + 1) q (
n =1
1
cos ( n + 1) q (
n +1
n =1
a0
2
a0
2
: .
:
-k n
n + 1 cos ( n + 1) q = 2k ln (1 - 2k cos q + k 2 ) + c
1
n =1
k = -1 :
2
1
q
ln 2 cos - c
2
2
= cos ( n + 1) q
( -1) n
n +1
n =1
)- ( -1
1
cos ( n + 1) q = - ln ( 2 (1 + cos q ) ) + c
n +1
2
n =1
( -1) n cos n + 1 q + c ln cos q = a 0 + ( -1) n cos n + 1 q

q
= ln 2 + ln cos
) (
) (
2
n +1
2 2
n +1
n =1
n =1
q
c - ln 2 ln cos ) : (
2
ln cos dq = - ln 2
2
p
0
1
p
f 2L x 1 < x 2 < K < x n

F1 , F 2 ,K , F n ) x 1 (
:
) ( ) (
Fi = f x i+ - f x i-
f x 1 < x 2 < K < x n F1 , F2 ,K , Fn :
) ( ) (
Fi = f x i + - f x i -
:
m
L
1
np
= a n bnFk sin
x k
np
np
L
k =1
L
1
np
b
=
a
+
Fk cos
x k
n
n
n
p
n
p
L
k =1
L
1
np
= a n bnF k sin
xk
np
np
L
k =1
L
1
np
b
=
a
+
F k cos
xk
n
n
n
p
n
p
L
k =1

: b n .
f f :
f .
f 2,1, -1, -2 -1, -1,1,1 ) f -3
(
f .
f :
)np (1
np ( 2 )
L
2L 1
np
np
6 1
+ ( -1) sin
= a n
x 1 + F2 sin
x 2 = - ( -1) sin
- F1 sin
np
np np
L
L
3
3
np np
b n = 2
np
2np
sin 3 + sin 3
n p
6
2 2
) f ( x p = 2L :
e ia - e -ia
2i
e ia + e -ia
2
= sin a
= cos a
:
np
i
x
e L
cn
= )f (x
n =-
c n :
n = 0 , 1 , 2 , K
dx
np
x
L
-i
f (x)e
L
-L
1
= cn
2L
a n = c n + c -n
b n = i c n - c -n
1
a n + ibn
2
= c -n
1
a n - ib n
2
= cn
: c n d n ) f ( x ) g ( x :

p
-in a
L
)f ( x - a
c ne
p
ia x
L f
c n -a
)(x
) f ( -x
c -n
f ( l ) g ( x - l ) dl
2Lc n d n
c i d n -i
L
-L
)f (x)g(x
i =-
p
cn
L
)f (x
in
L
cn
inp
f ( t ) dt
x
-
) ( c 0 = 0
) af ( x ) + b g ( x
ac n + b d n
) f ( x :
) (
Im c n = - Im c - n
) (
Re c n = Re c - n
c n = c -n
a n = - a - n
: ) f ( x c n :
2
cn
= f ( x ) dx
n =-
-L
1
L
f ( x ) = cos hx ; -1 x + 1
(
( -1) n sin h1
1 + n 2p 2
cos h1
1 + n 2p 2
( -1) n sin h1
n2 + p2
: .
cos hx ( cos npx - i sin npx ) dx
1
-1
1
2
= cos hx e -inpx dx
1
-1
1
2
= dx
cos h1
n 2 + p2
inp
x
e L
)f (x
L
-L
1
2L
= Cn
: cos hx cos npx

: cos hx sin npx
Cn =
cos hx cos np x dx
cos hx
1
1 + 2 2
n p
n 2p 2 + 1
n 2p 2
cos hx sin npx sin hx cos npx

+
C n =
np
n 2p 2
Cn =
sin h1( -1)
Cn =
n 2p 2
f ( x ) =
n = -
1
sin npx
np
sin hx
]
( -1) n sin h1
cosh x
n 2p 2 + 1
i 8nx
C n e ( ) f ( x ) =
cos npx
]+
-1
2 2
n p
1
p
0 x
cos x
4

1
(
p
cos npx
2
(
p
Cn
n = -
8
(
p
4
(
p
. :
:
1
2L
2L
{ f ( x ) } 2 dx =
Cn
n = -
:
+
Cn
1
=
p
4
n =-
f (x) =
p
4
0
4
1
cos x dx = p ( tan x )
a n e inx g ( x ) =
b n e inx
-
p
4
0
4
p
( 0 , 2p )
c n a n b n f ( x ) g ( x ) =
(
ak =
n = -
c n b n ( c k =
n = -
a n b k - n (
c n a inx
-
ck =
n = -
a n b n (
. :
:
an =
1
2p
2p
0
f ( x ) e -in x dx
bn =
cn =
1
2p
1
2p
2p
g ( x ) e -inx dx
2p
f ( x ) g ( x ) e -inx dx
( ) ( 0 , 2p ) g ( x ) e -ikx f ( x ) =
a n e inx
n =-
2p
f ( x ) g ( x ) e -ikx dx =
an
n = -
an
n = -
2p
g ( x ) e -ikx e inx dx
2p
-i k - n ) x
g(x)e (
dx C k =
a nb k -n
n =-

: 2 p y x f ( x , y )
f ( x + 2 p , y) = f ( x , y + 2 p) = f ( x , y )
:
f ( x , y) =
a 00
4
1
2
( a 0 n cos ny + b 0 n sin ny ) + 2 ( a m0 cos mx + c m0 sin mx )

1
n =1
n =1
( a mn cos mx cos ny + b mn cos mx sin ny + c mn sin mx cos ny + d mn sin mx sin ny )
m =1 n =1
:
a mn =
b mn =
c mn =
d mn =
1
p2
1
p2
1
p2
1
p2
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
p
-p
f ( x , y ) cos mx cos ny dx dy
f ( x , y ) cos mx sin ny dx dy
f ( x , y ) sin mx cos ny dx dy
f ( x , y ) sin mx sin ny dx dy
) f ( x, y 0 < x < L 0 < y < K
npx mpy
sin
L K
bmn sin
n =1 m =1
. f ( x, y ) = xy 0 < x < p 0 < y < p

) (
4nm
nm sin ( nx ) sin ( my ) (
sin ( nx ) sin ( my ) (
4p 2
nm
nm
4
n =1 m =1

n =1 m =1
: .
xy sin nx sin my dxdy

0
p
0
1
- cos my + 2 sin my
m
m
npx
mpy
4
sin
= dxdy
L
K
p2
n =1 m =1

n =1 m =1
f ( x, y ) sin
L
0
4 x
1
- cos nx +
= y sin mydy
sin nx
2 n
2
p
n
p
0
4
LK
x sin nxdx
p2
= b mn
=
4 p
p
) 4 ( -1) ( -1
= - cos mp - cos np
2 n
mn
m
p
n

) ( - , +
. ) f ( x ) ( - , + f ( x ) d x
+
-
f ( x )
( A ( w) cos w x + B ( w) sin w x ) d w
= )f (x
:
f ( x ) cos w x d x
f ( x ) sin w x d x
) A ( w w ) B ( w w .
+
-
+
-
1
p
= )A ( w
1
p
= )B ( w
:
.
( ) f ( x :
f ( x ) cos wx dx
B ( w) = 0
2
p
= )A ( w
( ) f ( x :
f ( x ) sin w x d x
2
p
= )B ( w
A ( w) = 0
:
( ) f ( x x 0 :
) (
= f x 0 x = x 0
( ) f ( x x 0 :
) ( ) (
f x 0- + f x 0+
2
= x = x 0
) (
.
:
( ) f ( x :
e -s x f ( x) d x
= )L{ f ( x ) } = F (s
( :
sin a x
cos a x
eax
xn
)f (x
1
s-a
!n
n +1
) F (s
a
2
s + a2
s +a
( ) f ( x ) F ( s :
)d F (s
n
ds n
F (s ) d s
)L t n f ( t ) = ( -1
= L f (t)
t
)L u a ( t ) f ( t - a ) = e - a s F (s
) L e a t f ( t ) = F (s - a
) L d a ( t ) f ( t ) = e - a s f (a
( ) f ( x ) y ( w:
y ( w) cos w x d w
)( x > 0
= )f (x
) f ( x x x
. :
f ( x ) cos w x d x
2
p
= )y ( w
( ) f ( x ) y ( w:
y ( w) sin w x d w
)( x > 0
= )f (x
) f ( x x x
. :
f ( x ) sin w x d x
2
p
= )y ( w
) B ( w ) A ( w ) f ( x :
( w) + B 2 ( w) ) d w
(A
+
0
= f 2 (x) d x
+
-
1
p
.
k ) . (
dw
dw
cos w x
k 2 + w2
w sin w x
k 2 + w2
x<0
=
x>0
x<0
=
x>0
p kx
2k e
:
p e -k x
2 k
p kx
- e
: 2
p e -k x
2
) f ( x ) ( 0 , + :
( ) f ( x ) ( - , 0
) f ( x :
f ( x ) cos w x d x
2
p
= )A ( w) cos w x d w , A ( w
= )f (x
( ) f ( x ) ( - , 0
) f ( x :
f ( x ) sin w x d x
2
p
= )B ( w) sin w x d w , B ( w
= )f (x

) f ( x :
C ( w) e i w x d w
f (x) e -iwx d x
:
) )B ( w) = i ( C ( w) - C ( - w
1
) )( A ( w) + i B ( w
2

dw (
dw (
-1 < t < 1
t > 1 , t < -1
) cos ( w) sin ( wt
w
) sin ( w) cos ( wt
dw (
w
cos 2 ( w) sin wt
dw (
w
) cos ( w) sin ( wt
+
-
+
-
1
= )C ( w
2p
)A ( w) = C ( w) + C ( - w
1
) )( A ( w) - iB ( w
2
= )C ( - w
1
0
f ( t ) = :
2
p
2
p
) sin ( w) cos ( wt
2
dw +
p 0
w
) sin 2 ( w) cos ( wt
2
dw +
p 0
w
= )f (x
= )C ( w
) (

: .
f :
B ( w) = 0
1 2sin w
2 1
= sin wt
0
p w
pw
= ( 0 ) cos wt dt
(1) cos wt dt +
1
0
2
p
= f ( t ) cos wt dt
2
p
= )A ( w
2sin w
cos wt dw
pw
= )f (t
: B ( w) = 0 sin wt
.
) ) A ( w w (
.
cos w
) A ( w w .
p ( w) sin wx dw
2
(1 - cos w) (
p
= ) u 0 ( x ) - u 1 ( x ) p ( w
2
(1 + cos w) (
pw
: .
2
(1 - cos w) (
pw
2
(1 - sin w) (
p
x<0
0
f ( x ) = u 0 ( x ) - u 1 ( x ) = 1 0 < x < 1
0
x >1
) f ( x
) p ( w ) B ( w :
-2
)( cos w - 1
pw
x <1

x >1
cos w (
2
pw2
=
0
-2
cos wx
pw
= sin w x dx
0
2
p
= f ( x ) sin w x dx
1 - x
0
f ( x ) = ) A ( w
(1 - sin w) (
2
2
pw
(1 - cos w) (
2
2
pw
0 (
2
p
= )B ( w
. :
:
A ( w) =
2
p
(1 - x ) cos wx dx
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
1
0
(1 - x ) cos wx dx +
( 0 ) cos wx dx
A ( w) =
=
2 1 - x
1
sin wx cos wx
2
p w
w
2
pw2
=
0
1- x
2 1
1
- 2 cos w + 2
p w
w
f (x) =
1 + w2
1
p
+
0
A ( w) cos wx d w f ( x ) =
f ( x ) - f ( x ) =
=
1
p
(1 + w )
2
1
p
1
w2
cos wx
( f ( x ) - f ( x ) ) dx
p
(
2
. :
-w 2 A ( w) cos wx dw
1
A ( w) cos wx dw =
p
e -w cos wx dw = L ( cos wx )
p
(
4
1
ln 2 (
2
ln 2 (
A ( w) cos w x dw f ( x )
1
p
1
sin wx
w
0
pe -w
cos wx
]+
-1
(1 - cos w)
A ( w) =
f (x) =
=
s =1
-w
(1 + w ) 1p+e w
2
s
s
+x
=
s =1
cos w x dw
1
1+ x2
1
0
( f ( x ) - f ( x ) ) dx =
1
0
1
1+ x
dx = tan -1 x
=
0
p
4
f ( x ) =
w
cos wx +
sin wx dw
2
2
w +4
w +4
33p
(
65
11 p
(
65
f ( x ) cos3 x dx
22p
(
65
44p
(
65
. :
: f
A ( w) =
1
w2 + 4
1
p
f ( x ) cos wx dx
B ( w) =
w
w2 + 4
1
p
f ( x ) sin wx dx
:
cos 3x = 4 cos3 x - 3cos x cos3 x =
I=
f ( x ) cos3 x dx =
f (x)
cos 3x + 3cos x
4
cos 3x + 3cos x
1
dx =
4
4
f ( x ) cos 3x dx + 3
f ( x ) cos x dx
1
p 1
1 11p
pA ( 3) + 3pA (1)} =
+3
{
=
2
2
4
43 +4
1 + 4 65
f ( w)
( )
2w
2
cos x 0 < x p
0
(1 + cos wp ) (
(1 - cos wp ) (
p w -1
2w
p w -1
(1 + cos wp ) (
(1 - cos wp ) (
p w -1
2
p w -1
. :
cos x 0 < x p
0
. g ( x ) =
f ( w) =
2
p
g ( x ) sin w x dx =
2
p
cos x sin wx dx =
0
1
p
p
0
( sin ( w + 1) x + sin ( w - 1) x ) dx
-1 cos ( w + 1) x cos ( w - 1) x p -1 cos ( wp + p ) cos ( wp - p )

cos 0 cos 0
+
+
p
w+1
w -1
p
w+ 1
w- 1
w+ 1 w-1
0
-1 cos wp cos wp
1
1 1 2w cos wp
2w
2w
=
+
=
(1 + cos wp )
=
2
2
p w+ 1
w- 1 w+ 1 w-1 p w -1
w - 1 p w 2 -1
=
cos x 0 < x < 2

P ( w) sin wx dw =

p
0
>x
2
p
(
p (
2
P 2 ( w) dw

1
(
2
1 (
: .
cos x 0 < x < 2

f ( x ) =

p
0
>x
:
f 2 ( x ) dx
2
p
= P 2 ( w ) dw
P ( w) sin wx dw
= )f (x
:
p
p
2
1 + cos 2x
1
1
2 1 p 1
dx = x + sin 2x
=
=
2
2
p
0 p 2 2
0
p
2
2
= cos x dx
p
0
2
2
= P ( w) dw
p
0
2

x<0
x <0
f ( x ) = e -x
1 + x
x >0
sin x
g (x) =
x
0
0 < x <1 (
x >1
(
: .
e -x
dx
1+ x
e -x
x + < e - x
1+ x
+
0
e -x
= dx
1+ x
e - x dx
+
0
0 dx +
-
-x
= f ( x ) dx
e
dx
1
+x
0
+
-
f ) ( - , + .
dx
1
x
<
sin x
x
sin x
dx
= 0 dx
1
1
0
) ( - , + .
dx +
sin x
x
dx
1
0
0 dx +
sin x
x
-
1
0
= g ( x ) dx
+
-

1- x 0 x 1
f ( x ) = dx

x >1
0
p
(
2
p
(
4
1 - cos x
p (
0 (
: .
:
cos wx
1
sin wx
w
cos wx
1
w2
f ( x ) cos wx dx
2
p
1- x
( 0 ) cos wx dx
-1
2 1
1
= cos w +
2
p w
w2
1
1
0
= )A ( w
1
2
=
(1 - x ) cos wx dx +
p 0
2 1 - x
1
A ( w) =
sin wxcos wx
2
p w
w
(1 - cos w) cos wx dw
pw2
= )f (x
x = 0 :
p
2
= dw
1 - cos w
2
cos w ( 0 ) dw
)2 (1 - cos w
pw
= )f ( 0

) f ( x ) ( 0 , + :
( :
)f ( x ) cos wx dx = f% c ( w
) f% c ( w ) f ( x :
) f% c ( w) cos wx d w = f ( x
2
p
= ) Fc ( f
)(
2
p
= F c-1 f%
( :
)f ( x ) sin w x dx = f% s ( w
2
p
)(
= Fs f%
) f% s ( w ) f ( x :
) f% s ( w) sin w x d w = f ( x
)(
2
p
= F s-1 f%
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 0 :
x+
x+
) Fs ( f ) = - w F c ( f
2
)f (0
p
F c ( f ) = w Fs ( f ) -
2
)w f ( 0
p
Fs ( f ) = - w 2 Fs ( f ) +
2
)f ( 0
p
Fc ( f ) = - w 2 Fc ( f ) -
: :
( x ) dx
f
0
2 1
p 1 + w2
1
- x
=e 3
= Fs2 ( w) dw
( x ) dx
f
0
= Fc2 ( w) dw
) f ( x
2 3
(
p 1 + 9w2
) (
2 1
(
p 1 + w2
2 3
(
p 9 + w2
: .
1
3
) ) ( L ( cos wx
=s
2
p
= cos wx dx
1
- x
3
e
0
2
p
= f ( x ) cos wx dx
1
2
= 3
p 1 + w2
9
2
3
p 1 + 9w2
1
3
=s
2
1 0 < x < 1
1 - cos x
f ( x ) = dx

0 x >1
p
(
8
p
(
2
2
p
2
s
2
p s + w2
= )Fc ( w
p
(
4
p (
: .
2 1 - cos w
p
w
=
0
2 -1
cos wx
p w
= (1) sin wx dx
1
0
2
p
= f ( x ) sin wx dx
2
p
= ) Fs ( w
{Fs ( w)}2 dw =
{f ( x )}2 dx
2 1 - cos w
dw =
p
w
(1)2 dx
p
1 - cos w
dw =
w
2
0
w
2
a +w
Fs ( w) =
e- at

t
a
w
tan -1 (
(
2
a
a + w2
f ( t ) =
( )
2
p
tan
w
(
a
. :
e-at
2 sin wt
sin wt dt =
L
t
p t
s=a
:
sin wt
L
=
t
+
s
s
ds = Arctan
2
2
w
s +w
= Arctan
+
s
s
+
s p
= Arctan
- Arctan = - Arctan
w
w
w 2
w
s
:
Fs ( w) =
2
w
Arctan
s
p
=
s=a
2
w
Arctan
a
p
. ) (
2

p
f ( x ) = e- x cos x
2 w2
(
p w4 + 4
Fc ( w) =
2
p
1
2p
2 w2 + 2w + 2
(
p
w4 + 4
e - x cos x cos wx dx =
2
p
{L ( cos (1 + w) x + cos (1 - w) x )}
2 w2 + 2
(
p w4 + 4
. :
e- x
( cos (1 + w) x + cos (1 - w) x ) dx
2
=
s =1
2
2
(
4
p w +4
1
s
s
+
2
2
2
2
2p s + (1 + w)
s + (1 - w)
s =1
1
1
+
1 + (1 + w)2 1 + (1 - w)2
1
2p
2 w2 + 2
1
2p
( w + 2)
2
- ( 2w )
1
2p
( w + 2 - 2w) + ( w + 2 + 2w)
( w + 2 + 2w)( w + 2 - 2w)
2
2 w2 + 2
p w4 + 4
f ( x ) = xe -ax
2 a 2 - w2
p a 2 + w2
2
p
Fc ( w) =
L ( cos wx ) =
2 w2 -a 2
p a 2 + w2
2
p
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
s
s 2 +w2
L ( x cos wx ) = -
2
p
a 2 - w2
(a
+w
2
p
w2 -a 2
(a
+w
. :
2
p
xe -ax cos wx dx =
d
s
ds s 2 + w 2
{ L ( x cos wx )}
s=a
(1) s 2 + w 2 - ( 2s )( s ) s 2 - w 2
=
=2
2
2
s +w
s 2 +w2
:
2
p
Fc ( w ) =
(a
-w
+ w2
p
1 - cos px
0<x p
p
0
0<wp
4
0
0<wp
2
0
0<wp
p
0
0<wp
. :
: f ( x )
B ( w) =
=
2
p
f ( x ) sin wxdx =
1
(1 - cos wp )
w
p
0
p
sin wxdx +
2
( 0 ) sin wxdx = - 1 cos wx
p
0
1
(1 - cos wp ) sin wxdw
0 w
= )f (x
x w:
1 - cos px
sin xwdx
x
1 - cos px

x
= )f ( w
) f ( x ) = 3f ( x ) + 2f ( x
) f ( x
f ( 0 ) = 1 , f ( 0 ) = 2
) f ( x
- Fc ( f ( x ) ) (
2 + w2 p
+ 3Fc ( f ( x ) ) (
2 + w2 p
+ Fc ( f ( x ) ) (
2 + w p
- 3Fc ( f ( x ) ) (
2 + w p
: .
:
}) Fs {f ( x )} = - wFc {f ( x
2
) wf ( 0
p
Fs {f ( x )} = - w2 Fs {f ( x )} +
2
}) w (1) = 3 - wFc ( f ( x ) ) + 2Fs {f ( x
p
2
+ 3Fc ( f ( x ) )
Fs {f ( x )} = Fs {3f ( x ) + 2f ( x )} - w2 Fs {f ( x )} +
2
w
= }) w + 3 wFc {f ( x )} = 2 + w2 Fs {f ( x )} Fs {f ( x
p
2 + w2

( :
n = 0 ,1, 2 ,K
f ( x ) cos n x dx
p
0
Fc ( n ) cos n x
n =1
2
p
= ) Fc ( n
) Fc ( 0
2
= )f (x
( :
f ( x ) sin nx d x
n =1, 2 ,K
p
0
2
p
= ) Fs ( n
Fs ( n ) sin n x
= )f (x
n =1

) f ( x ) ( - , +
:
+
f (x) e -iwx d x
1
2p
= )F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w
:
F ( w) e i w x d w
1
2p
1
2p
2p
+
-
1
2p
= ) F -1 ( F ( w) ) = f ( x
: ) A ( w ) B ( w f:
f ( x ) sin wx dx
1
p
= )B ( w
f ( x ) cos wx dx
1
p
= )A ( w
f:
e -iwx f ( x ) dx
)F ( w) - F ( -w
= )B ( w
2pi
1
) )B ( w) = - Im ( F ( w
p
f Im ( F ( w) ) = 0 :
f Re ( F ( w) ) = 0 :
)F ( w) + F ( -w
= )F ( w
= )A ( w
2p
1
) )A ( w) = Re ( F ( w
p
Re ( F ( w) ) w.
Im ( F ( w) ) w
f ( x ) x > 0
:
0 x<0
s iw .
: :
) ( ) (
f k- +f k+
2
= f ( x ) cos a ( x - k ) dx da
+
-
1
p

:
f (x) e -iwx d x
F ( w) e i w x d w
+
-
1
2p
: c 2 c 1:
= )F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w
= ) F -1 ( F ( w) ) = f ( x
)F c 1 f ( x ) + c 2 g ( x ) = c 1 F ( w) + c 2 G ( w
: f n :
( n -1) x = 0
f ( x ) = L = lim
f
) (
x
f ( x ) = lim
} ) F{ f ( x
lim
x
)F f ( n ) ( x ) = ( i w
: ) F { f ( x ) } = F ( w :
1
= f (t) d t
)F ( w) + p F ( 0 ) d ( w
iw
: ) F {f ( x )} = F ( w :
: ) F {f ( x )} = F ( w a :
x
-
)F {F ( x )} = 2 p f ( - w
)F { f ( x - a ) } = e - i a w F ( w
: ) F {f ( x )} = F ( w :
) F e i a x f ( x ) = F(w - a
: ) F { f ( x ) } = F ( w :
)F { f ( - x ) } = F ( - w
: ) F { f ( x ) } = F ( w:
)d n F ( w
F x n f (x) = i n
dwn
)( :
f (t) g(x - t) d t
+
-
= ) ( f * g )( x
)F ( f * g ) = F ( w) G ( w
1
)F ( w) * G ( w
2p
= )) F ( f ( x ) g ( x
: ) F { f ( x ) } = F ( w:
1 w
F
a a
= )) F (f (a x
: ) F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w:
dw
)F ( w
1
= f 2 (x) d x
2p
-
: ) F ( g ( x ) ) = G ( w ) F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w:
+
F(x) g (x) d x
F ( w) G ( - w) d w
F ( w) G ( w) d w
F ( w) G ( w) d w
= f (x) G (x) d x
1
2p
= f (x)g (x) d x
1
2p
= f (x) g (- x) d x
+
-
+
-
+
-
1
= f (x) g (x) d x
2p
-

a :
)f (x
)F ( w
)2 p d ( w
1
)d(x
1
)) p ( d ( w + a ) + d ( w - a
cos a x
)) i p (d (w + a ) - d (w - a
sin a x
2a
-a x
a + w2
p -a w
e
a
p w -a w
e
a w
a + x2
-i
2
sin w a
w
1
a +iw
-w2
4a
p
e
a
p w < a
0 w > a
1
)+ pd ( w
iw
) 2pd ( w - a
2
iw
: ) f ( x :
) F ( w .
) F ( w .
) f ( x Im ( F ( w) ) = 0 :
) f ( x Re ( F ( w) ) = 0 :
) F ( w) = -F ( -w
)F ( w) = F ( -w
x
2
a +x
)u (x + a) - u (x - a
u (x)e -a x
-a x 2
sin ax
x
)u (x
e iax
) sgn ( x
.
1 x < a
f (x) =
(
0 x > a
f (x) =
f (x) = e
sin ax
(
x
f (x) =
-a x
1
2
x +a2
f ( x ) = e -ax
f ( x ) = Arc cot x (
(
(
(
:
:
F ( w) =
=
=2
-a x
e -iwx dx =
-a x
e
-
eE55555555
cos wFx dx - i

-a x
-a x
cos wx dx = 2
-a x
( cos wx - i sin wx ) dx
eE55555555
sin wFx dx
e -ax cos wx dx = 2 ( L ( cos wx ) )
s=a
=2
s
2
s +w
=
s=a
2a
2
a +w2
:
F ( w) =
=
f ( x ) e -iwx dx =
1 e -iwx dx = -
-a
1 - i wx
e
iw
=
-a
1 iw a
2 e iwa - e - iwa
e
- e - iw a =
iw
w
2i
2
sin aw
w
:
2a
F
x2 +a2
-a -w
= 2p e
1
F
2
x +a2
w + a2
e -a
-w < a
sin ax p
F
=
-w > a
x 0
2sin aw

w
1 x < a

0 x > a
w <a
w >a
f ( x ) = -2axe -ax = -2axf ( x ) F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( -2axf ( x ) ) iwF ( w) = -2ai

2
dF
w
= - dw
F ( w)
2a
p -a w
= e
a
:
1
2sin ax
F
= 2p
x
0
2a
2
w2
w2
ln F ( w ) = + c F ( w) = ke 4a
4a
dF ( w)
dw
k :
p
a
p

a
= ) e -ax dx F ( 0
= ) e -ax e -iwx dx F ( 0
= )F ( w
= k :
w2
p - 4a
e
a
= )F ( w
-1
- w
F ( f ( x )) = F
iwF ( w) = -pe
1+ x 2
-1
2
1+ x
= ) f ( x ) = Arc cot x f ( x
-w
-pe
iw
) f ( t ) = u ( t - a
(
- ei a w
iw 2p
2p
: .
u ( t - a ) e- i w t d t
+
a
-1 - i w t
e
2p iw
+
-
) (
w ei a w
2p
+
a
( 0 ) e- i w t d t +
e- i a w
iw 2p
= f ( t ) e- i w t d t
2p
= (1) e- i w t dt
iaw
= )F ( w
iw 2p
= - e- i w a
1
2p
-
a
-
-
(e
= )F ( w
2p
-1
1
iw 2p
.
x
f ( x ) = e -a
dx
2
x +a
)(a > 0
(
2p
a3
p
3
2a
2p
4
p
4
2a
: .
2
) = w 2a+ a
2
-a x
F e
:
dw
4a 2
2
w2 + a 2
dw
2
w2 +a 2
1
2p
= dx
- 2a x
e
-
dw
2 - 2ax
2a 2
e
=
-2a
p
0
p
2a 3
+a2
(w
)F ( w
w2 +a 2
dw
dw
2
1
2p
2a 2
p
= ( x ) dx
+a2
(w
= e - 2ax dx
dw
2
1 2a 2
=
a
p
) (
) (
f R . f 2+ = 10 f 2- = 12
f ( x ) cos a ( x - 2 ) dxda
5p (
) (

11p (
: .
:
) ( ) (
f k- +f k+
2
( ) ( ) = 12 + 10 = 11
= f ( x ) cos a ( x - k ) dx da
f 2- +f 2+
) F ( w
x<0
x>0
= f ( x ) cos a ( x - 2 ) dxda
: .
s = iw
1
p
0
- kx
e
1
1
=
s + k s = iw iw + k
1
p
f ( x ) = ) ( k > 0 ) Arg F ( w w
22
)) ( (
e- kx e-iwx dx = L e- kx
= f ( x ) e-iwx dx
= )F ( w
:
-w
Arg F ( w) = Arctan
) = j ( w
k
k - iw
2
k +w
= )F ( w
k :
p
2
lim j ( w) = Arctan ( - ) = -
w +
p
2
= ) lim j ( w ) = Arctan ( +
w -
.
1
-k
k
= )j ( w
=
<0
2
2
k + w2
-w
1+
k
-
) j ( w .
2
w
2
p - 4a
e
f ( t ) = e -a t
a
-1
w2
p - 4a
(
e
a
= ) F ( w
g ( t ) = t e -a t
= (j
) (
w2
p - 4a
(
e
a
w
2a
w
2a
w2
w
jw p - 4 a
e
(
a a
p - 4a
(
e
a
: .
2
t e-a t e -iwt dt
+
-
jw
2a
)=
F te -at
:
-iwt
-iwe -iwt dt = du
=u
e
-1 -a t 2
2
=v
e
te -a t dt = dv
2a
e -a t e- iwt dt
+
-
- iw
i w -a t 2 -iwt
e
e
= dt
2a
- 2a
2
-1 -iwt -a t 2
e
e
2a
- iw p - 4 a
e
2a a
2
iw
F e -at
2a
F te -a t
=-
:
2
t .
= e -at
= e -iwt e -at
e - iwt e -at
: :
F ( f ( t ) ) = F ( w) F t n f ( t ) = i n
F t e -at
d n F ( w)
dwn
w2
2
d
d
p
= i1
F e -at = i
e 4a
dw
dw a
w2
2
iw
p
w
4a
= = i a 4a e
2a
w2
p - 4a
e
a
: :
n
F ( f ( t ) ) = F ( w) F f ( n ) ( t ) = ( iw) F ( w)
:
f ( t ) = e -at
F te-at
f ( t ) = -2a te - at
te-at =
-1
f (t)
2a
2
w
-1
1
-1
p - 4a
1
=
F (f ( t )) = e
( iw) F ( f ( t ) ) = iw
2a
2a
2a
a
f ( w) =
e-iwt f ( t ) dt
( a > 0 b ) f ( t ) = e-a
( )
-4iabw
a 2 + b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
4abw
a 2 + b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
sin bt
4iabw
a 2 + b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
4ibw
a 2 + b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
(
(
. :
:
f ( w) =
e-iwt e
-a t
sin bt dt =
= -2i
sin wt e
-a t
-a t
wFt - i sin
wt eE55F sin
cos
E555
E55F
E55bt
F dt
sin bt dt = -2i
e-at sin bt sin wt dt = -2i ( L ( sin bt sin wt ) )
= -2i L ( cos ( b - w) t - cos ( b + w) t )

2
a
a
= -i
a 2 + ( b - w )2 a 2 + ( b + w )2
s=a
s=a
s
s
= -i
s 2 + ( b - w)2 s 2 + ( b + w)2
s=a
1
1
= -ia
2
2
2
2
2
2
a + b + w - 2bw a + b + w + 2bw
= -ia
4bw
(a
+ b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
-4iabw
(a
+ b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
:
:
( ) = a 2a+ w
F e
-a t
F eiat f ( t ) = F ( f ( t ) )
F e
-a t
w w- a
-a t e
sin bt = F e
ibt
-e
2i
-ibt
{(
1
-a t
-a t
- e-ibt e
F eibt e
=
2i
)}
1
1 2a
2a
2a
2a
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2i a + w w w - b a + w w w + b 2i a + ( w - b )
a + ( w + b )
a
i
4wb
(a
+ b 2 + w2
-iF ( w - 1) (
- 4w2 b 2
-4iabw
(a
+ b 2 + w2
- 4b 2 w2
xe-ix f ( x ) F ( w) f ( x )
-iF ( w + 1) (
iF ( w + 1) (
iF ( w - 1) (
. :
: F ( g ( x ) ) = G ( w)
: F eiax g ( x ) = G ( w - a )
: F ( xg ( x ) ) = iG ( w)
F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w ) F e -ix f ( x ) = F ( w + 1) F xe -ix f ( x ) = i ( F ( w + 1) ) = iF ( w + 1)
: :
F ( w) =
f ( x ) e-iwx dx F ( w) =
- ixf ( x ) e-iwx dx
xf ( x ) e-iwx dx = iF ( w)
F xe-ix f ( x ) =
xe-ix f ( x ) e-iwx dx =
- i 1+w x
xe ( ) f ( x ) dx = iF ( w + 1)
u - u = f ( x )
: lim u = lim u = 0
x
u ( x ) = -2
u (x) = -
1
2
-2 x -l
e
-
1
x -l
2
f ( l ) dl (
u ( x ) = -2
u (x) = -
f ( l ) dl (
1
2
- x -l
f ( l ) dl (
- x -l
f ( l ) dl (
e
-
. :
:
( iw ) 2 U ( w ) - U ( w ) = F ( w )
F e
-a x
) = a 2a+ w
2
U ( w) =
-1
2
w +1
F ( w)
:
1 1 -x
F-1
= e
w2 + 1 2
:
-1
1 -x
1
u ( x ) = F-1
F ( w) = - e
*f ( x ) = 2
2
2
w +1
e
-
- x -l
f ( l ) dl
. f ( x ) = tan x
(
( .
( P = p .
( .
: .
f ( x ) = tan x P = p

.
.
p 1
- (
16 2
p 1
- (
16 4
: .
p 1
+ (
8 2
p 1
+ (
16 2
) ( -1 , 1 :
1 1 2
p
) = p - (1 1) = - 1 ( ) - ( = S
2 2
8
p
-1
p 1
8
=2
16 2
. f ( x ) = x 2 cosx ] [ - p , p
- 4 p (
-2p (
- 4 (
-2 (
: .
) f ( x :
x 2 cos xdx
p
0
2
p
= a0
cos x
sin x
]
-
x2
2x
] - sin x
- cos x
2
{-2p} = -4
p
=
0
2
x 2 sin x + 2x cos x - 2sin x
p
= a0
:
= -2
-1 < x < 1
1< x < 2
a0
2
4x
2
x
f ( x ) = x = 1
5 (
5
(
2
3
(
2
3 (
: .
) f ( x x = 1 :
5
2
)+ 4 (1
2
)( ) ( ) = (1
f 1+ + f 12
= x = 1
.
x
-p < x < p (
4
f ( x ) = sin
x
- 4p < x < 4p (
4
-2p < x < 2p ( f ( x ) = sin x
f ( x ) = cos
: .
.
.
2p
x
sin = 8p
1
4
4
2p
.
sin x = 2p
1
2p
x
.
cos = 8p
1
4
4
.
. f ( x ) = sin 2 x cos 3 x cos 3x , cos 2x
-1
, 0 (
16
1
(
16
0,
-1
, 0 (
8
-1 1
,
(
8
8
: .
:
1 - cos 2x
2
cos 3x + 3cos x
= cos 3x = 4 cos 3 x - 3cos x cos 3 x
4
= cos 2x = 1 - 2sin 2 x sin 2 x
1 - cos 2x cos 3x + 3cos x 1

f ( x ) = sin 2 x cos 3 x =
) = 8 ( cos 3x + 3cos x - cos 2x cos 3x - 3cos 2x cos x

2
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
= cos 3x + 3cos x - ( cos 5x + cos x ) - ( cos 3x + cos x ) = cos x - cos 3x - cos 5x

8
2
2
8
2
2
1
cos 2 x cos 3 x
16
-.
( -1) n n
. n 4 + 1 sin npx
n =1
= ) f ( x f ( x ) sin 2px ] [ 0 , 1
-1
(
17
1
(
17
-2
(
17
2
(
17
: .
) f ( x
( -1) n n
n4 +1
)( -1
+1
= b n :
= f ( x ) sin np x dx
1
0
2
1
n = 2 :
1
17
= f ( x ) sin 2p x dx
1
0
) ( -1) 2 ( 2
( 2) 4 + 1
= f ( x ) sin 2px dx
1
0
:
1
17
f ( x ) sin 2p xdx
1
0
1-0
= f ( x ) sin 2p x
][0 , 1
. f f
1 x > 0
H(x) =
) f ( x ) = H ( - x ) - 2H (1 - x ) + H ( 2 - x
0 x < 0
(
(
( 2m - 1) px
2
( 2m - 1) px
2
m -1
cos
)p ( 2m - 1
m -1
cos
)4 ( -1
~ )f (x
m =1
)-4 ( -1
)p ( 2m - 1
: .
m =1
~ )f (x
(
(
( 2m - 1) px
2
( 2m - 1) px
2
m -1
) (
)2 ( -1
p ( 2m - 1) cos
m
cos
)2 ( -1
)p ( 2m - 1
~ )f (x
m =1
~ )f (x
m =1
0 < x < 1 f ( x ) = 0 - 2 + 1 = -1
1 < x < 2 f ( x ) = 0 - 0 + 1 = 1
x > 2
f (x) = 0 - 0 + 0 = 0
0 < x < 2:
-1 0 < x < 1
f (x) =
1 1< x < 2
:
2
np
x dx
2
1cos
1
np
x dx +
2
1
0
2
-2
np
2
np
4
np
sin
sin
=sin
np
2
np
2
np
2
-4
p
( -1) m - 1
2m - 1
-1cos
np
= xdx
2
f ( x ) cos
2
np
sin
x
np
2
+
0
n =1, 5, 9 ,K
n = 3 , 7 ,11 , K
2
- 1dx = 0
1
1dx +
0
2
np
sin
x
np
2
n = 2 , 4 , 6 ,K
2
2
= an
=-
0
-4
=
1
np
-1
= f ( x ) dx
2
0
2
2
= a0
( 2 m - 1) p x
2
. f ( x ) = x - x 2 - p < x < p :
m -1
cos
)-4 ( -1
)p ( 2m - 1
= )f (x
m =1
f ( x ) ~ a + b cos x + c sin x
a b c :
- p2
3
=c=2 , b=4 , a
-p
6
=c=2 , b=4 , a
- 2p2
(
3
=c=2 , b=4 , a
- p2
(
3
= c=2 , b=8 , a
: .
a , b , c ) f ( x :
a0
, b = a 1 , c = b1
=a
c:
-2 2
p
3
-2 x 3
= x dx
p 3
2
=
0
p
0
-2
= x dx
p
p
-p
x dx-p
1
= dx
p
) (x - x
2
p
-p
1
= a0
p
-p
3
=a
a1 =
=
1
p
-p
-2
p
( x - x ) cos x dx = p1
x cos xdx -
-p
x 2 cos x dx
-p
x2
x 2 cos x dx
2x
-2
a1 =
x 2 sin x + 2x cos x - 2sin x
p
f ( x ) =
1
+
2
n =1
2
= - {-2p} = 4 b = 4
p
cos x
sin x
] - sin x
- cos x
0 - p < x < 0
2 sin ( 2n - 1) x
.
f ( x ) =
2n - 1
p
1 0 < x < p

p3
(
12
n =1
p2
(
8
p2
(
4
( 2n - 1) 2
p3
(
27
. :
:
a 02
+
2
a 2n + b 2n =
n =1
1
L
+L
-L
f 2 ( x ) dx
:
2
1
2
2
0 +
+
=
p ( 2n - 1) p

n = 1
(1) 2
1 4
1
1
+
= x
2
2
2 p
p
0
n = 1 ( 2n - 1)
0
-p
( 0)
dx +
(1)2 dx
p 2 n = 1 ( 2n - 1) 2
1
2
( 2n - 1)2 =
n =1
x 4 - 3 x 3 + 2 x 2 + x
f ( x ) =
2 x - x
p2
8
0 x <1
1< x 2
1
n
1
(
n
. :
: x = 1 f ( x )
f (1) = lim x - 3 x + 2 x + x = lim 2x - x = 1
4
x 1-
x 1 +
4 x 3 - 9 x 2 + 4 x + 1 0 x < 1
f (x) =
2
1< x 2
2 - 3 x
:
f - (1) = lim 4 x 3 - 9 x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0
x 1 -
f + (1) = lim 2 - 3 x 2 = -1
x 1 +
. f ( x )
.
1
n2
1 0 < x < 2
f ( x ) =
.
2 p < x < p
2
b 4 k + 1 = 0 (
b 4 k = 0 (
b 2 k + 1 = 0 (
b 2 k = 0 (
. :
2
bn =
p
np
2
f ( x ) sin
x dx =
p
p
0
p
2
0
(1) sin nx dx +
( 2 ) sin nx dx
p
p
p
2 -1
2
np 2
np
2 -1
- 1 - cos np - cos
cos nx 2 - cos nx p = cos
p n
n
p n
2
2
n
0
2
-2
n = 4k
np ( 2 (1) - (1) - 1) = 0
-2 2 -1 - 0 - 1 = 6
n = 4k + 1
( ( )
) np
-2
np np
2 cos np - cos
=
- 1 =
np
2
-2 2 1 - -1 - 1 = -4
( ( ) ( ) ) np n = 4k + 2
np
-2
6
( 2 ( -1) - 0 - 1) =
n = 4k + 3
np
np
0<x<4
x
.
8-x 4 < x < 8
f ( x ) = :
( .
( .
( .
(
: .

.
. f ( x ) = x 0 x < L
px
-4L
( 2m - 1) px
-4L
( 2m - 1)2 p2 cos ( 2m - 1) L
m =1
m =1
np
x
L
cos
L2
2 2
n p
L+
)cos ( 2m - 1
( 2m - 1)2 p2
m =1
( 2m - 1) px
np
xdx
L
4L
cos
-4L
L
+
2
( 2m - 1)2 p2
m =1
x cos
0
np
2
= xdx
L
L
f ( x ) cos
L
0
2
L
= an
+
]
L
np
sin
x
np
L
cos
( 2m - 1)2 p2 cos
: .
np
x
L
L
+
2
px
(
L
) (
1
]-
n
n
0
0

=
4L
n 2 p2
2 xL
np
L2
np L 2 L2
L2
an =
sin
x+
cos
x =
cos npL np
L
L 0 L n 2 p2
n 2 p2
n 2 p2
2 x2 L
=L
L 2 0
= xdx
0
2
L
= f ( x ) dx
2
L
= a0
:
px
L
0 < x <1
x 2
np
)cos ( 2m - 1
-4L
2
)( 2m - 1
L
+
2
m =1
= )f (x
b n sin
f ( x ) = x
= ) f ( x f -
.
2
1
x
1
<
x
<
2
2
n =1
1
(
2
1
(
4
1
(
4
1
(
2
: .
np
) f ( x 0 < x < 2 x
2
sin
. :
2
1
1
1
1
= f - = -f = - 2
2
2
4
sin n
p-x
= ) f ( x
. , 0 < x < p
n
2
n =1
p
- 1 (
2
p -1
(
2
p +1
(
2
p
+ 1 (
2
: .
sin nx
p-x
2
-1
cos nx
n
sin nx
-1
n2
]+
]-
1
2
p-x
sin nxdx
2
2 p 1
=
=
p 2n n
p
0
p
0
2
p
= bn
2 x -p
1
bn =
cos nxsin nx
2
p 2n
2n
:
1
n sin nx
~ )f (x
n =1
) f ( x x = 1 :
sin n p - 1
=
n
2
n =1
1
sin n
n
n =1
p -1
=
2
= )f (1
. f ( x ) = x , 0 < x < 2p
(
( .
( .
: .
:
n
x
2
cos
2
n
sin x
n
2
n
x
2
cos
-4
2
np
x dx
2p
]+
]-
)(( -1) -1
4
= 2
pn
1 4
4
=
( -1)n - 2
p n2
n
2p
0
2p
x cos
0
2
2p
= an
1 2x
n
4
n
an =
sin x +
cos x
2
p n
2
2
n
n
x
2
sin
-2
n
cos x
n
2
n
x
2
sin
-4
2
np
x dx
2p
]+
]-
1 -4p
-4
=
( -1)n = ( -1)n
p n
n
2p
0
2p
x sin
0
2
2p
= bn
1 -2x
n
4
n
bn =
cos x +
sin x
2
2
2
p n
n
a n n b n .
:
) f ( x
) f ( x

.
. sin nx
1
2
4n - 1
n =1
p
(
6
: .
= ) f ( x f ( x ) sin x dx
p
(
3
1
(
3
p
0
sin nx sin x dx
0
1
-1
n = 1 4n
= sin nx sin x dx
1
-1
0 n = 1 4n
= f ( x ) sin x dx
p
0
=I
( cos ( n - 1) x - cos ( n + 1) x ) dx
p
) ( n - 1 = 0
=0
0
p
0
1
2
= sin nx.sin x dx
0
1 sin ( n - 1) x sin ( n + 1) x
=
2
n -1
n + 1
n = 1 :
p
2
=
0
1 - cos 2x
1
1
dx = x - sin 2x
2
2
2
p
0
= sin x sin x dx
0
:
p p
=
-1 2 6
)4 (1
=I
: f ) sin nx (
1
np
= b n x = sin nx
L
4n 2 - 1
sin L = p.
:
f ( x ) sin nx dx
) ( b n
p
0
2
p
1
4n 2 - 1
n = 1 :
p 1 p
=
2 3 6
= f ( x ) sin x dx
. f ( x ) =| x | , - p x p
( -1) n + 1
2n - 1
n =1
p
0
f ( x ) sin x dx
p
0
cos ( 2n - 1) x
( 2n - 1)2
n =1
p 4
2 p
2
p
1
4 (1) - 1
2
= ) f ( x .
= S
p
(
3
: .
p
(
4
3p
(
13
3p
(
11
cos ( 2n - 1) x
- x -p x 0
p 4
f (x) =
=+
x
0
p
2
p
( 2n - 1) 2
n =1
) f ( -p ) = f ( p :
)- ( 2n - 1
sin ( 2n - 1) x
-1 - p x < 0
4
4
== sin ( 2n - 1) x
2
0<xp
p
p
)( 2n - 1
1
)n = 1 ( 2n - 1
n =1
= x :
p
4
= S
( -1) n + 1
2n - 1
n =1
1 + 2x -1 x < 0
f ( x ) = cos npx
.
1 - 2x 0 < x 1
- +L
1
55
1
3
1
3
4
= 1
p
p
2
)1 - ( -1
2
)sin ( 2n - 1
n =1
2n - 1
n =1
4
=1
p
= S
p2
(
10
p
(
4
9
(
10
p3
(
32
: .
n
cos npx
)1 - ( -1
1 + 2x -1 x < 0
4
=
1
2x
0
<
x
1
p2
n2
n =1
:
1
sin npx + k
np
)1 - ( -1
2
)1 - ( -1
np
2
p 2
3p 2
5p
p3
+
sin
+
sin
= +L
2 33
2 53
2
16
sin
n =1
0 x <1
x
.
2 - x 1 x < 2
f ( x ) =
1
(
6
: .
1
(
3
a 2n
n =1
1
(
2
sin
-1 x < 0
0 < x 1
= x :
1
np
sin
np
2
p3
32
n =1
1
x = 0 k = 0
2
1
4
=
4 p3
2
x + x
2
x - x
2
13
= I
)1 - ( -1
2
n =1
np p 3
=
2
16
1 1
4
= -
2 2
p2
n
sin
)1 - ( -1
n3
n =1
1
p3
1
1
2+
= - +L
13 3 3 5 3
16

1 (
:
.
:
bn = 0
a0

2
:
2 1
1
= = 2
2
2
a0 =1
a0
) ( a 2n + 0 2
n =1
12
+
= f 2 ( x ) dx
2
0
a 2n = 6
a 2n
n =1
. ) + k 2 u = f ( x
d2u
n =1
a 2n + b 2n
n =1
2 1
= +
3 2
a 2n
npx
npx
A n cos L + Bn sin L
np
k -
L
an
np
k -
L
an
np
k -
L
np
k -
L
an
an
= , An
= , An
= , An
= , An
: .
n =1
1
+
2
f
-1
= x 2 dx
k 0 L > 0 ) -L x L(
dx 2
npx
npx
+ b n sin
L
L
bn
a 02
= ( x ) dx
1
1
np
k -
L
bn
A0
n =1
= , Bn
np
k -
L
bn
= , Bn
np
k -
L
bn
= ) u ( x :
a0
2
a0
k2
= A0
= A0
= A 0 = 0 , Bn
np
k -
L
2
= , Bn
a0
2
np
k -
L
2
= A0
a n cos
n =1
a0
+
2
= )f (x
) (
:
2
np
np 2 A 0
np
np
np
- A n cos
x + Bn sin
x+ k
+
A n cos
x + Bn sin
x
L
L
L
L
L
2 n =1
n =1
a0
+
2
np
np
a n cos L x + bn sin L x
n =1
:
a
A0 = 0
k2
np 2
np
cos
x : - + k 2 A n = a n
L
: k 2
sin
A0 a 0
=
2
2
np 2
np
x : - + k 2
L
L

Bn = b n
an
An =
Bn =
np
k2 -
L
bn
np
k2 -
L
-p < x < p , f ( x ) = e x .
Cn =
Cn =
Cn =
1
2L
L
-L
f (x)
p 1+ n
1 + in
p 1+ n
in p
x
e L
1 + in
sinh p (
Cn =
( -1) n sinh p (
Cn =
1 - in
p 1+ n 2
1 - in
p 1+ n
cosh p (
( -1) n cosh p (
. :
dx =
1
2p
p
-p
e x e-inx dx =
1 1 (1-in ) x
e
2p 1 - in
p
-p
1 1 1 + in
1-in p
- 1-in p
=
e( ) -e ( )
2p 1 - in 1 + in
1 1 + in
=
e p ( cos np - i sin np ) - e-p ( cos np + i sin np )
2 p 1+ n 2
( -1)
1 1 + in
n
n
e p ( -1) - e- p ( -1) =
2p 1 + n 2
p
1 + in
1+ n 2
sinh p
1
-1 < x < 1
f (x) = e x +1
.
0

(
(
(
(
: .
) f ( x x = 1
) ( - , + .
) ( - , + " :
1
dx
x
e +1
-1
= ( 0 ) dx
+
1
dx +
+1
1
x
e +1
-1
( 0 ) dx +
-1
= f ( x ) dx
.
) " (
) ( - , +
.
.
( A ( w) cos wx + B ( w) sin wx ) dw
0
f ( x ) = - x ) A ( w ) , B ( w
e
x<0
x>0
p 1 + w2
1
p 1 + w2
= ), B ( w
= ), B ( w
)
)
p 1 + w2
w
2
p 1+ w
= )A ( w
= )A ( w
2w
p 1 + w2
2
2
p 1+ w
= ), B ( w
= ), B ( w
)
)
p 1 + w2
2w
2
p 1+ w
= )A ( w
= )A ( w
: .
0 x < 0
) A ( w) , B ( w
-x
x>0
e
f ( x ) = :
s =1
1
s
2
p s + w2
s =1
w
1
2
p s + w2
1
}L {cos wx
p
=
s =1
= e- x cos wx dx
1
p
= f ( x ) cos wx dx
1
p
1 1
p 1 + w2
=
s =1
1
} L { sin wx
p
= e- x sin wx dx
1
p
= f ( x ) sin w x dx
+
-
1
p
= )A ( w
=
= )B ( w
1 w
=
p 1+ w 2
.
0 (
1 1 < x < 2
f ( x ) = B ( w) dw
0
1
(
p
2
(
p
+
-

2 (
B ( w) =
1
p
+
-
. :
f ( x ) sin wx dx =
1
p
(1) sin wx dx =
1 -1
1
cos wx =
( cos w - cos 2w)
p w
pw
1
+
-
B ( w ) dw =
cos w - cos 2 w

pw
cos w - cos 2w
dw = 0
pw
-
e 2x
x<0
-x
x>0
A ( w) f ( x ) =
lim w2 A ( w)
w
3
(
p
.(
2
(
p
0 (
. :
A ( w) =
1
p
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
e-2x cos wx dx +
+
s=2
1
3w2 + 6
p 4 + w2 1 + w2
)(
s
s 2 + w2
e2x cos wx dx +
e-2x cos ( -wx ) d ( - x ) +
1 s
p s 2 + w2
e- x cos wx dx
0
1
e- x cos wx dx = ( L ( cos wx ) )
p
p w +1
2
2
p w +1
+ ( L ( cos wx ) )
s=2
s =1
1
1 2
+
=
2
2
p 4 + w 1+ w
s =1
lim w2 A ( w) =
e x
0
e- x cos wx dx
P ( w)
2
( ew sin w - e cos w - 1) (
( - ew sin w + e cos w - 1) (
3
p
0 < x <1
x >1
P ( w) cos wx dw .
p w2 + 1
p w2 + 1
( ew sin w + e cos w - 1) (
( - ew sin w - e cos w - 1) (
. :
e x
0
: f ( x ) =
2
p
P ( w) =
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
2
p
e x cos wx dx
x =0
ex
p
wp
cos x
2 d w f ( x ) = 2
1- w 2
0
]+
ex
1
sin wx
w
1
w2
cos wx
x 
2
cos 2
{e ( w sin w + cos w) - 1}
p w2 + 1
sin wx cos wx 1
w2 e x sin wx cos wx
I = ex
+
I I=
+
w2 w2
w2 + 1 w
w2
w
2 ex
( w sin wx + cos wx )
p w2 + 1
x >1
e x cos wx dx
: I =
P ( w) =
0 < x <1
p
(
2
0 (
. :
:
2
A ( w) =
p
2
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
p
p
2
0
p
cos x cos wx dx =
2
1 1
1
sin (1 + w) x +
sin (1 - w) x
2 1 + w
1- w
=
=
p
2
0
p
2
0
1
( cos (1 + w) x + cos (1 - w) x ) d x
2
1 1
1
p
p
sin (1 + w) +
sin (1 - w)
2 1+ w
2 1- w
2
1 1
1
1
wp
wp 1
wp 1 - w + 1 + w
wp
cos
+
cos
= cos
=
cos
2
2
2 1 + w
2 1- w
2 2
2
2
1- w
1- w
:
f (x) =
1
1- w
cos
wp
cos w x dw
2
: x =
pf
2
p+
+ f
2
2
wp
wp
cos
cos
dw
2
2
2
0 1- w
1
p
p
cos + 0
2
2
=
2
1
1- w
cos 2
p

2
wp
dw
2
wp
2 dw = 0
1- w 2
cos 2
( Arctan x ) sin tx dx f ( x ) =
2pte- t (
+
0
e- t cos tx dt .
p e- t
(
2 t
pte- t (
et
(
t
. :
:
f (x) =
+
0
e - t cos tx dt = ( L ( cos tx ) )
=
s =1
s
2
s +x
=
s =1
1
1+ x2
:
1
1+ x
Arctan x =
e- t cos tx dt
+
0
1
1+ x
dx =
e- t cos tx dx dt
e- t
sin tx dt + C
t
Arc tan x C = 0 x = 0
: B ( t )
e- t 2
=
t
p
Arc tan x sin tx dx

0
P ( w)
P ( w) =
P ( w) =
Arctan x sin tx dx =
0
p e- t
2 t
2 - x 0 x 2
.
P ( w) cos wx dx =
x>2
0
0
2 (1 - cos 2w)
2
pw
2sin w + cos 2w
pw2
e- t
(
(
P ( w) =
2sin w - cos 2w
pw2
2 cos 2w
(
P ( w) =
pw2
. :
2 - x 0 x 2
P ( w)
x>2
0
f ( x ) =
:
P ( w) =
2
p
f ( x ) cos w x dx =
( 2 - x ) cos wx dx +
( 0 ) cos wx dx
P ( w) =
=
2-x
2 2 -1
2 2- x
1
1
sin wx cos wx =
cos 2w +
2
2
p w
w
w2
0 p w
2 (1 - cos 2w)
-1
pw 2
d
1 - w 2 g ( w)

dw
cos wx
]+
]
1
2 cos x
g ( w) cos wx dw =
0
1
sin wx
w
-
cos wx
w2
p
2 .
p
x >
2
x <
( )
1
pw w
pw
- sin
cos
(
p
2
2
2
1
pw
cos
(
p
2
1
pw
- sin
(
2
2
- sin
pw
(
2
. :
1
cos x
: f ( x ) = 2
0
2
g ( w) =
p
2
f ( x ) cos wx dx =
p
0
p
2
p
2
A ( w) g ( w )
p
x >
2
x <
1
1
cos x cos w x dx =
2p
0 2
p
2
0
( cos (1 + w) x + cos (1 - w) x ) dx
p
wp
wp
wp
cos
cos
cos
1 sin (1 + w) x sin (1 - w) x 2 1
1
wp
2
2 +
2 =
2
=
+
=
cos
=
2p 1 + w
1 - w
2p 1 + w
1 - w 2p
2 1- w 2 p 1- w 2
0
wp
cos
d
d
2
2 = 1 - p sin wp = - 1 sin wp
1 - w g ( w) =
dw
dw p p 2
2
2
2
((
f ( x ) dx f ( x ) =
2
5p 2
(
8
1
cos wx +
sin wx dw .
w2 + 1
w2 + 4
7p2
(
12
3p2
(
8
5p 2
(
12
. :
. f ( x )
1
A ( w) =
B ( w) =
w2 + 1
1
w2 + 1 w2 + 4
1
p
1
1 +
f ( x ) dx = p
2
2
w + 1 w2 + 4
-
0 w +1
f 2 ( x ) dx =
(A
( w) + B 2 ( w) ) dw
dw = p
2
4 1
1 1
11
w
4
4 p 1 p 7p
dw = p Arctan w Arctan = p
=
2
2
32
2 0
3
3 2 6 2 12
0 3 w +1 3 w + 4
=p
)(
1
1 1
1
+
2
dw
2
2
w +1 3 w +1 w + 4
x 2 f ( x ) f ( x ) =
f (x)=
d 2 a ( w)
dw2
w 2 a ( w) cos wx dw (
a ( w) cos wx dw a ( w) =
2
p
sin 2 w
2
2
p
a ( w) cos wx dw .
a ( w) cos wx dw (
f ( x ) cos wx dx
2
p
. :
f ( x ) - x 2 cos wx dx x 2 f ( x ) = -
dw
a ( w) coswx dw
1
sin w
cos wx dw f ( x ) =
w
0
x <1
.
x >1
p
(
4
p (
p
(
2
p
(
3
: .
:
2 sin w
dw
0 p w
= dx
)(1
1
-1
1
p
p
2
( w) + B ( w) ) dw
= dw
sin 2 w
2
(A
dw
= ( x ) dx
sin 2 w
2
f
-
1
p
2
4
=
p p2
1 0 < x <1
.
0 x >1
f ( x ) =
2 1 - sin w
(
p
w
2 1 - cos w
(
p
w
2 sin w
(
p w
2 cos w
(
p
w
: .
:
f ( x ) sin wxdx
2
p
= ) ) Fs ( f ( x
:
2 -1
)( cos w - 1
p w
=
0
2 -1
cos wx
p w
= ( 0 ) sin wxdx
(1) sin wxdx +
2
p
2 1 - cos w
p
w
1 - x 0 < x < 1
2
f ( x ) = ) Fs ( w Fs ( w) dw
.
x >1
0
= ) ) Fs ( f ( x
=
1 (
1
(
3
1
(
2
1
(
4
: .
:
1
3
1
3
(1 - x )2 dx = - (1 - x )3
1
0
= f ( x ) dx
2
= Fs2 ( w) dw
. e- 2 w
2
x
(
p 4+x 2
2
2
(
p 4+x 2
2 -2x
(
e
p
2 -2x
e
cos x (
p
2
p
Fc -1 Fc ( w) =
. :
Fc ( w) cos w x dw
:
2
p
f (x) =
e- 2w cos wx dw =
2
p
L { cos wx}
2
s
p s2 +x2
=
s=2
=
s=2
2
2
p 4+x 2
xf ( x - 3) F ( w) f ( x ) .
e -3iw ( 4F ( w) - iF ( w) ) (
e -3iw ( 3F ( w ) + iF ( w) ) (
e -3iw ( 3F ( w) - iF ( w) ) (
e -3iw ( 4F ( w) + iF ( w) ) (
. :
: F ( g ( x ) ) = G ( w)
: F ( g ( x - a ) ) = e-iawG ( w)
: F ( xg ( x ) ) = iG ( w)
F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w) F ( f ( x - 3) ) = e -3iwF ( w)
) (
F ( xf ( x - 3) ) = i e-3iw F ( w) = i -3ie-3iw F ( w) + e-3iw F ( w) = ie-3iw ( F ( w) - 3iF ( w) )

= e-3iw ( 3F ( w) + iF ( w) )
: :
F ( w) =
f ( x ) e-iwx dx F ( w) =
- ixf ( x ) e-iwx dx
:
F ( xf ( x - 3) ) =
xf ( x - 3) e-iwx dx
: x - 3 = t
F ( xf ( x - 3) ) =
( t + 3) f ( t ) e-iw ( t + 3) dt = e-3iw
( tf ( t ) e
F ( w)
= e -3iw
+ 3F ( w ) = e-3iw {3F ( w) + iF ( w)}
-i
- i wt
+ 3f ( t ) e -iwt dt

x>0
.
1
(
)2p w ( i + w)(1 + iw
x<0
e - x
0
y + y =
= )Y ( w
1
(
)2p w ( i - w)(1 + iw
= )Y ( w
= )Y ( w
= )Y ( w
2p w ( i - w)(1 + iw)2
1
(
)2p w ( i + w)(1 - iw
: .
:
f ( x ) e-iwx dx
1
2p
e- x e- iwx dx
1
)2p w ( i - w)(1 + iw
= ) Y ( w
= ) ( iw ) 2 Y ( w ) + ( iw ) Y ( w
1
2p
= )-w 2 Y ( w) + iwY ( w
1
- 1 + i w) x
( e
)2 p - (1 + i w
= )w ( i - w) Y ( w
= )w ( i - w) Y ( w
1
e - - e -0
)2 p - (1 + i w
. ) F ( w f ( x ) = e- x
+ wF ( w) = 0 (
w
F ( w) = 0 (
2
)dF ( w
w2
F ( w) = 0 (
2
dw
)dF ( w
2
F ( w) = 0 (
w
dw
) (
)dF ( w
dw
)dF ( w
dw
: .
2
) F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w:
f ( x ) = - 2xe- x
f ( x ) = e- x
)(n
) F f ( x ) = ( iw ) F ( w
n
) F x n f ( x ) = i n d F ( w
dwn
:
w
F ( w) = 0
2
)dF ( w
dw
)dF ( w
dw
iwF ( w) = - 2i
)d1F ( w
1
dw
( iw)1 F ( w) = - 2i1
: :
F ( w) = p e
w
4
1 - x 2 | x | < 1
.
0 | x | > 1
f ( x ) =
-4
-4
sin w - cos w (
w
2p w
cos w - sin w (
w
2p w
+4
+4
sin w - cos w (
w
2p w
cos w - sin w (
w
2p w
F ( w) =
F ( w) =
2p
+
-
. :
f ( x ) e-iwx dx =
1
2p
1
-1
(1 - x ) e
2
1 - x 2 -iwx 2x -iwx
2 - iw x
e
e
e
2
2p -iw
w
iw 3
-iwx
dx
+1
1- x 2
-1
2 (1) -iw 2 ( -1) + iw 2

2
e +
e +iw e -iw
0- 2 e
3
2p
w2
iw 3
w
i w
1 -2
1 2
=
( 2i sin w)
2 ( 2 cos w) +
2p w
2p i w 3
1
-4
cos w - sin w
=
2
w
2p w
( f ) f ( w) f ( w) =
-2x
-2
0
]+
e -iwx
1
e - i wx
( -iw)
1
( -iw)
( -iw)
f ( t ) e -iwt dt f ( x ) =
e -iwx
e -iwx
sin x
.
x
( )
p
f ( w) = 2
0
w >1
p
f ( w) =
0
w <1
(
w >1
1
f ( w) =
0
w <1
(
w >1
2p
f ( w) =
0
w <1
(
w >1
w <1
. :
f ( w) =
sin x -iwx
sin x
sin x
sin x
e
dx =
cos w x dx - i
sin wx dx
( cos wx - i sin wx ) dx =
x
x
x
x
-
-
- E5555555F
- E5555555
F
=2
sin (1 + w) x + sin (1 - w) x
sin x
cos wx dx = 1
dx
x
x
0
0
sin tx
sin tx
dx = L
x
x
s=0
:
L ( sin tx ) =
sin tx
L
=
x
t
2
s +t
p
s
- Arc tan
2
t
s
-p
- Arc tan
2
t
s
ds = Arctan
t
s +t
t
+
s
t > 0
t < 0
sin tx
dx = 2
x
-p
2
t > 0
t < 0
sin (1 + w) x
x
p
1+ w > 0
dx = 2
- p 1 + w < 0
2
sin (1 - w) x
x
p
1- w > 0
dx = 2
- p 1 - w < 0
2
f ( w) =
sin (1 + w) x
x
dx +
p p
- 2 + 2
sin (1 - w) x
p p
dx = +
x
2 2
p p
2-2
w < -1
0
-1 < w < 1 =
p
w >1
w >1
w <1
:
:
1
0
f ( x ) =
x <1
x >1
F ( w) =
2sin w
w
F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( w) F ( F ( x ) ) = 2pf ( -w)
:
2sin x
1
F
= 2p
x
0
-w <1
sin x p
F
=
-w >1
x 0
w <1
w >1
g ( x ) =
p -2 w- 3i
e
, G ( w) = pe2iw e
2
p -2 w - 3
F ( w) = e
, G ( w) = pe2iw e
2
F ( w) =
f (x) =
e3ix
x 2 + 4x + 5
x2 + 4
p -2 w- 3
- w
F ( w) = e
, G ( w) = pe-2iw e
(
2
p -2 w- 3i
- w
F ( w) = e
, G ( w) = pe-2iw e
(
2
. :
:
1
F
a2 + x2
p -a
= e
a
: F ( w) f ( x )
F ( f ( x - a ) ) = e-iaw F ( w)
F eiax f ( x ) = F ( w - a )
:
1 p -2 w
1 p -2 w- 3
F e3ix
F ( w) = F
= e
= e
2
2
2
x +4 2
x +4
1
1
= e 2iw F 1 = e 2iw p e -1 w
G ( w) = F
=
F
2
2
1
x2 +1
x + 4x + 5
( x + 2) + 1
(. ) * f ( x ) =
1
P ( w) =
0
p
P ( w) =
0
p
P ( w) =
0
1
P ( w) =
0
f (x) =
1 - cos 2x
x
2sin 2 x
x
x2
w <1
1
( P ( w) * P ( w) ) (
w >1
p
w <1
1

( P ( w) * P ( w) ) (
w >1
2p
w <1
1
( P ( w) * P ( w) ) (
w >1
p
w <1
1

( P ( w) * P ( w) ) (
w >1
2p
. :
=2
sin x sin x
x
x
:
1
sin x
= 2p 2
F
x
0
1 - cos 2x
sin x p
F
=
x 0
-w >1
-w <1
1
sin w
2
w
0
x <1
x >1
w <1
= P ( w)
w >1
: F ( g ( x ) h ( x ) ) =
1
1
sin x sin x
F 2
= 2 2p P ( w) * P ( w) = p ( P ( w) * P ( w) )
x
x
1
G ( w) H ( w)
2p
1
x
: f (x) =
-1
2 - x
b n = 0 (
a n = 0 (
a 2k +1 = b 2k +1 = 0 (
x
0
2 w - sin w
cos wx dw (
p w2
2 w sin w + cos w - 1
cos wx dw (
p
w2
P a 2k = b 2k = 0 (
-1 < x < 1
.

f ( x ) =
0 < x <1
1< x < 2
.
2<x<3
3< x < 4
2 w sin w + cos w
cos wx dw (
p
w2
2 w sin w - cos w
cos wx dw (
p
w2
e-ax u ( x ) e- bx u ( x ) .
e- bx - e-ax
(
a-b
e- bx - e-ax
(
b-a

73p
(
126
e- bx - e-ax
u ( x ) (
b-a
f ( x )( cos 2x + sin 3x ) dx f ( x ) =
P
65p
(
252
e- bx - e-ax
u ( x ) (
a-b
65p
(
126
w cos wx + sin wx
w3 + 1
dw .
73p
(
252
. f ( x ) = e- x
dx
x2
2
x2 +1
p
(
4

p
(
8
.
(
(
-1
) w + 1 ( 2 + iw
2
x<0
x>0
p
(
2
p (
0
-2x
e
y - y =
-1
)( w + 1) ( 2i + w
2
) w - 1 ( 2 + iw
2
)( w - 1) ( 2i + w
2
sin 3x
.
= ) f ( x ) f ( w ) ) f ( w ) f ( x (.
x
1
3
(
1
> w
3
< w
1
3
(
1
> w
3
< w
sin 2x cos x
.
x
1
3
= ) f ( x
p
2
< w
1
< w < 1 (
3
w >1
w <3
(
w >3
p
P
0
w <3
(
w >3
p
w <1
p
P
1 < w < 3 (
2
0
w >3
1
< w <1
p
3
(
0

p 1 < w < 3
(

0
2
. f ( x ) = e - 3x
p -3w2
(
e
3
w2
p - 12
e
(
3
w2
4
pe
3
p -12 w2
(
e
3
1 ,
a > 0 f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) = 2 a ) f ( 1
x <a
.
x >a
0 ,
) (
P 2sin a (
sin a (
sin a (
sin a (
2p
2
2p
x
0xp
.
2p - x p < x < 2p
f ( x ) = b n
1
(
n
) (
(
x
n +1
f ( x ) = xe-2
2i w2 - 4
P 0 (
) (4 + w
2
8w2
2
) (4 + w
2
-8iw
2
) (4 + w
2
i w2 - 4
) (4 + w
2
. ) f ( x ) F ( w ) e2x f ( x + 1
e-iw F ( w + 2i ) (
eiw F ( w + 2i ) (
4
1
+
3
. n 2 cos 2nx + n sin 2nx
n =1
5p
(
36
4p
(
3
. A ( w) cos wx dw
w
f cos wxdw (
a
f ( aw) cos wxdw (
) - i w + 2i
) i w+ 2i
( e
( F ( w + 2i ) ( P e
F ( w + 2i ) (
= ) f ( x f ( x ) sin 2 3xdx
p
0
7p
(
36
p
32e2
7p
(
3
= ) f ( x ) f ( ax
f ( aw) cos wxdw (
1
a
w
f cos wxdw (
0 a
x
. f ( x ) = xe- 4x dx
2
p
2
16e
pe2
(
32
sin
a
1
a
x
2
) (16 + x
2
pe2
(
16
-p
p
<<x
2
. 2
p
3p
<<x
2
2
p
(
4
1
1 1 1
f ( x ) = 1 - + - +L
3 5 7
0
p
(
3
p
(
2
x2
.
2
p
(
5
= ) f ( x x < p ) f ( x + 2p ) = f ( x
( -1) n
p2
1
1
1
=)f (x
- 2 cos x - cos 2x + cos 3x - cos 4x + -L
2
6
4
9
16
)n = 0 ( n + 1
) (
p2
(
6
p2
(
4
p
(
4
p2
(
12
. f ( x ) = cos x , 0 < x 1
x
2
0
p
(
4
p
(
2
cos nx
n2
n =1
p (
x2
px p 2
+
=
4
2
6
2p (
0 x 2p
( -1) n +1

3
)n =1 ( 2n - 1
p3
(
12
p3
(
32
. y ( w) cos wx dw
0 (
1
(
p
p3
(
36
p2
(
32
0 0 < x < 1
= 1 1 < x < 2 ) lim y ( w

x>2
w 0
2
(
p
= I
e x 0 < x < 1
.
0 x > 1
f ( x ) =
2
p
P
2
p
w cos w + sin w
2
1+ w
w - e ( w cos w - sin w)
2
1+ w
sin wxdw (
sin wxdw (
2
p
e ( w cos w - sin w)
2
p
w + e ( w cos w - sin w)
1 + w2
1 + w2
sin wxdw (
sin wxdw (
cos x -p x 0
p .
cos 2x 0 x 2
n f ( x ) =

1
(
n
Fs ( w) =
1
n
1
n
p
(
2
2p (
n =1
P 2
( -1) n +1
n =1
1 - cos 2x - x sin 2x
x2
p
(
2
dx
p (
f ( x ) = x , x ( -p , p ) .
( )
n4
x 0 < x < 1
2 sin w - w cos w
f ( x ) =
.
2
x >1
p
w
0
I =
sin wp
2
1- w
sin
cos nx
(
n
sin nx
(
n
( -1) n +1
cos nx
(
n
n =1
sin nx
(
n
n =1
sin x 0 < x p
2
0
.
p
(
3
p
(
2
p
(
6
p
(
4
f ( x ) = ( 3sin x - 2 cos x ) sin 2x sin 2x .

2
-5
(
8
-5
(
4
13
(
4
13
(
2

. f ( x ) = u 0 ( x ) - u 1 ( x ) , 0 < x < 1
4
sin ( 2n - 1) px (
2np
4
sin 2np (
2 np
n =1
4
sin ( 2n - 1) px (
)p ( 2n - 1
n =1
n =1
) f ( x + 6p ) = f ( x
. ) f ( x
) f ( - x ) = -f ( x
0 < x < 3p f ( x ) = ecos x sin 2x

8
(
3pe
8e
(
3p
. e2ix
)3i 2 - w
( 2e
2
)1 + ( 2 - w
x -3
4e
(
3p
4
(
3pe
f ( x ) = e (
)3i 2 - w
( e
2
)1 + ( 2 - w
)-3i ( 2 - w
2
2e
)1 + ( 2 - w
)-3i( 2 - w
2
)1 + ( 2 - w
-1 0 < x < 1
. f ( x ) = 1 1 < x < 2 :
0
x>2
) (
2 cos 2w + 2 cos w
(
p
w
2 sin 2w - 2sin w
(
p
w
2 cos 2w - 2 cos w
(
p
w
2 sin 2w + 2sin w
(
p
w
. f ( x ) = x ; - p < x < p
n +1
)2 ( -1
n
n =1

2p 3
- 5p (
3
2p 3
- p (
3
2p 2
- 5p (
3
. f ( x ) = e- ax dx
p -6b
e
(
6
p -3b
e
(
3
cos bx
2
x +9
p -3b
e
(
6
2p 3
- 5p (
2

p -6b
e
(
3
. -p < x < p f ( x ) = x - sin x

p
(
4
0 (
( -1) n +1
n
n =1
p
(
3
p
(
2
1
. f ( x ) = sin x ; - 1 < x < 1 2 sin npx
2
8np ( -1) sin
x
; - 1 < x < 1
2
1
4sin
2 (
: cos 2px
1 - 16p2
1
(
2
1 - 4n 2 p2
n =1
= ) f ( x
g ( x ) = cos
. cos t
- t
f ( t ) = e f ( t ) e- iwt dt
3
(
5p
4
(
5p
+
-
: 2sin P
1
= ) F ( w ) F (1
2p
1
(
5p
2
(
5p
. ) f ( x ) g ( x P = 4
2
np
2i
sin
= cn
2
np
np
= d n f ( l ) g ( x - l ) dl
4
0
1
4
= )h (x

np
(
2
sin
4i
2 2
n p
p
. x
L
np
(
2
-i sin
-i
np
sin
(
2
np
np
(
2
f ( x ) = sin 0 < x < L
sin
2i
2 2
n p
) (
2 4 1
2px
1
4px
1
6px
-
cos
+
cos
+
cos
+ ... (
p p 1 3
L
35
L
57
L
= )P f (x
2 4 1
2px
1
4px
1
6px
+
cos
+
cos
+
cos
+ ... (
p p 1 3
L
35
L
57
L
= )f (x
2 4 1
2px
1
4px
1
6px
+
cos
cos
+
cos
- ... (
p p 1 3
L
35
L
57
L
= )f (x
2 4 1
2px
1
4px
1
6px
-
cos
cos
+
cos
- ... (
p p 1 3
L
35
L
57
L
= )f (x
. cos 2nx
2p + 3
(
24
pn 2
n =1
1
+
3
= ) f ( x f ( x ) cos 2 x dx
2p + 3
(
12
-L < x < 0
p
2
0

2p - 3
(
12
2p - 3
(
24
px
sin 2
f ( x ) =
0<x<L
P L = 2 (
L = 2p (
( .
( .
. f ( x ) = x sin x ; - p < x < p cos ( n + 1) x
( -1)n ( n + 1) np

cos
)n ( n + 2
2
1
(
4
1
n 2 + 3n + 2
n =1
-1 < x < 0
n 2 p2
p
0
1
(
2
p
(
6
p
(
4
0
2
0 < x <1
2 cos np
1
(
4
= ) f ( x f ( x ) dx
p
(
3
p
(
2
n =1
)n ( n + 2
n =1
1
(
2
. sin nx
)2 ( -1
cos x
+
2
f ( x) = 1-
f ( x ) = A n
cos np - 1
(
np
cos np - 1
2 2
n p
2 cos np
(
np
1 x > 0
.
0 x < 0
H ( x ) = -1 < x < 4 ) f ( x ) = 2H ( x ) - H (1 - x ) + H ( 2 - x
) H (.
9
(
5
9
(
4
9
(
10
9
(
8
. f ( x ) sin x 2p } {a 0 , a n , bn
f ( x ) cos x } {a 0 , a n , bn
f ( x ) sin ( n + 1) x dx (
p
-p
1
p
f ( x ) cos ( n - 1) x dx (
= P a n + bn
p
-p
1
p
b n + a n = -
)
)
e 2x
-p < x < 0
- 2x
0<x<p
(
(
2 n
n
e - 2p ( -1) - 1 (
p n2 +4
2
1
n
e - 2p ( -1) - 1 (
=
p n2 +4
f ( x ) = :
-e
(
(
)
)
2 n
e - 2 p - 1 (
p n2 +4
2
1
=
e - 2p - 1 (
p n2 +4
= P bn
an
= bn
an
. ) f ( x ) F ( w ) e -2x f ( x
( w + 2i ) F ( w + 2i ) (
iwF ( w - 2 ) (
. p ( w) cos wx dw
P i ( w - 2i ) F ( w - 2i ) (
-wF ( w + 2 ) (
x <1
x >1
1 - x 2
0
) p (1
4
( sin1 - 2 cos1) (
p
4
( sin1 + cos1) (
p
-T < x < T

4
( sin1 + 2 cos1) (
p
4
P
( sin1 - cos1) (
p
f ( x ) = 2T e -iwx f ( x ) dx
0
-
+
0 (
x p
= ) F ( w ) lim F ( w
2p
w 0
2p
2
cos x
P ( w) cos wx dw =
0
0
1 (
sin wp 1
+ B ( w)
p w
= ) P ( w
) B ( w
(
w
4 - w2
P -
2w
2
4-w
2
2
4-w
4
2
4-w

. 0 < x < 2 f ( x ) = 1 - x
2
4
sin ( 2n - 1) px (
( 2n - 1) p
n 2 p2 cos npx + np sin npx (

n =1
np sin npx (
n =1
n =1
t -1 < 1
.
t -1 > 1
1
0
f ( t ) = ) f ( t ) F ( w F ( w)
2ie -iw
sin w (
w
2ie -iw
cos w (
w
2e -iw
sin w (
w
2e -iw
cos w (
w
.
x < 2p
0
f ( x ) = -x
e
0 x < 2 p
f (x) =
(
1 x > 2p
x < 2p
0
f ( x ) = cos x 2p < x < 3p (

0
x > 3p
( P .
x > 2p
. f ( x ) = x - 2 x , - p < x 1
p
(
4
p
(
2
.
1 (
5p
(
8
an
n =1
3
(
8
3p
1(
16
P
1-
p (
1
(
p
0 (
f ( x ) = x 2
][ -p , p
)p 2 4 ( -1
+
cos nx
3 n =1 n 2
f ( x ) = e - x cos wx dw
2
2
p 1+ w
x = 0 x = a :
cos aw
p
dw= e -a
2
1+ w
2
p2
12
=-
( -1) n
2
n =1

.

.

:

.

.

.

.

.

.
.

. .

-1 i = -1
.
i = -1 i 2 = -1.
z = a + ib a b .
:
: Re ( z ) = a z
: Im ( z ) = b z
+b 2
= : z z
: z = a - i b z
Re (z) ) Im (z
z z x .
z 2 = a 2 + ib 2 z 1 = a 1 + ib 1 :
, b1 = b 2
a1 = a 2
z1 = z 2
.

.
( )
( )
( )
z 1 z 2 = a 1 + i b1 a 2 + i b 2 = a 1 a 2 + i b1 b 2
()
) z 1z 2 = a 1 + i b 1 a 2 + i b 2 = a 1a 2 + i a 1b 2 + i b 1a 2 + i 2 b 1b 2 = a 1a 2 - b 1b 2 + i ( a1b 2 +b1a 2

:
- i :
1
i
in =
-1
- i
n = 4k
n = 4k +1
n = 4k + 2
n = 4k + 3
k = 0 ,1, 2 ,K
-
:
z z = ( a + ib )( a - ib ) = a 2 - ( ib ) = a 2 - i 2 b 2 = a 2 + b 2
2
- z1 = a1 + ib1 , z 2 = a 2 + ib 2 . :
: z1 z 2 = a1a 2 + b1b 2 z1 , z 2
: z1 z 2 = a1b 2 - a 2 b1 z1 , z 2
.
- z1 = a1 + ib1 , z 2 = a 2 + ib 2 :
a1b 2 - a 2 b1
a12
+ b12 a 22 + b 22
z z
= sin = 1 2
z1 z 2
a1a 2 + b1b 2
a 22 + b 22
+ b12
a12
z .z
= cos = 1 2
z1 z 2
i
:
z1
a + i b1 a 2 - ib 2
a a - i a1 b 2 + i b1 a 2 - i 2 b1 b 2
a a + b1 b 2
b a - a1 b 2
= 1
= 1 2
= 1 2
+i 1 2
2
2
2
2
z2
a 2 + ib 2 a 2 - ib 2
a 2 + b2
a 2 + b2
a 22 + b 22
z 2 z1
2
z2
+i
z1 z 2
2
z2

z 1 z 2 :
)
( z 1 z 2 ) = z1 z 2
( z 1 z 2 ) = z 1z 2
z1 - z 2 z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
z1
=
z2
z1
z2
z1 - z 2 z1 - z 2 z1 + z 2
) z + z = 2 Re ( z
z1 + z 2
) z - z = 2i Im ( z
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2
z1 z 2 = z1 z 2
z1
z2
+ 2 Re z 1 z 2
Arg z 1 - Arg z 2 = 2kp
+ z2
!n
z n - k z k2
k!( n - k ) ! 1
= z1
z1
z2
(z 1 + z 2 ) =
n
k =0
z = z
= zz
( f ) f ( z ) = f ( z
( )
z 0 z 1 x 0 , y 0 x 1 , y 1 z 0 - z 1
R :
( z - z0 = R > 0 z 0 R .
( z - z 0 + z - z1 = R > 0
z0 - z1 = R z 1 z 0 .
z0 - z1 > R .
z0 - z1 < R z 1 z 0 R.
( z - z 0 - z - z1 = R > 0
z0 - z1 = R z1 z0
z 1 .
z0 - z1 > R z1 z0 R.
z0 - z1 < R .
z - z0
( = k
z - z1
k = 1 z1 z0.
k 1 z1 - z 0
z0 , z1.
k
2
k -1
= R

: z1 - z 2 z1 , z 2
Arg(z1 - z 2 ) z1z 2 ) ( .
: :
z - z1 + z - z 2 > z1 - z 2
< z1 - z 2
z - z1 - z - z 2
z z = x + iy
x , y .
:
z = az 0 + bz 1 a b a + b = 1
z 1 z 0.
z 0 z + z 0 z = R .
zz - zz 0 - zz 0 + z 0 z = R z 0 R.
z = z 0 + Re iq z 0 R.
:
z . z = z
z . z 2 = z 2
z . z + z = 0
zw + zw .
azz + b z + b z + g = 0 g a b a = 0
a 0 .
: az 2 + bz + c = 0 ) b a c
( :
- b - b b 2 - 4ac
=
2a
2a
= z1 - z 2
c
a
= z1 z2
b
a
= z1, 2
z1 + z2 = -
: z3 z 2 z1 w 3 w 2 w1 :
1 1 1
z1 z 2 z3 = 0
w1 w 2 w 3

) (x , y )(r , q
y = r sin q
x = r cos q
y
r = x 2 + y 2 , q = Arc tan
x
z = x + iy ) z = r ( cosq + isinq
.
) ) tana = tan ( p + a q
(.
: a :
-p
2
p
2
= )Arg(-ai
= )Arg(ai
Arg(-a) = p
Arg(a) = 0
cos q + isin q = cis q = e i z = reiq

z = rq .
: z = reiq :
p
i q -
2
re
i q +
2
re
= - iz
)i(q+p
- z = re
= iz
- iq
z = re
: :
cos iz = cosh z
sin iz = i sinh z

.
z1 z 2 z 2 = r2 eiq2 z1 = r1eiq1
:
) ) z1z 2 = (r1eiq1 ) (r2 eiq2 ) = r1r2 ei(q1 +q2 ) = r1r2 ( cos ( q1 + q2 ) + i sin(q1 + q2
) ) sin(q1 - q2
)(n N
( cos (q1 - q2 ) + i
z1 r1eiq1
r
r
=
= 1 ei(q1 -q2 ) = 1
i
q
z2 r2 e 2 r2
r2
) z1n = ( r1eiq1 ) n = r1n ein q1 = r1n ( cos n q1 + i sin n q1
) ( cos q + i sin q ) n = cos nq + i sin nq (.
n
n n z = reiq n
:
q+ 2kp
n
q + 2kp
q + 2kp n
q + 2kp
= n r cos
+ i sin
= r
n
n
n
n k = 0 , 1 , 2 , K , n - 1 n n z .
i
z = n re
n n z n
z
2p

n
: n a 0 z n + a1z n -1 + L + a n -1z + a n = 0 a 0 , a1 ,L , a n
n )
( . z 0
z 0
n .
: 1 + z + z 2 + L + z n = 0 (1 - z) 0 :
1
n +1
= (1 + z + z 2 + L + z n )(1 - z) = 0 1 - z n +1 = 0 z
) (n + 1 1 1 ) .( 1 - z 0
2kp
2kp
+ i sin

n +1
n +1
z = cos k = 1, 2,K , n.
n .
n z z
n +1
) ( -1.
: :
1
sin n + q
2
q
2sin
2
n +1
sin
q
2 sin nq
= sin q + sin 2q + L + sin nq
q
2
sin
2
1
1 + cos q + cos 2q + L + cos nq = +
2
: :
n
n
n
cos nq = cos n q - cos n - 2 q sin 2 q + cos n -4 q sin 4 q - + L
0
2

4
n
n
n
sin nq = cos n -1 q sin q - cos n -3 q sin 3 q + cos n -5 q sin 5 q - + L
1
3
5
n
n
n
n
n+2
n
n q
cos
q
cos q + cos 2q + cos 3q + L + cos ( n + 1) q = 2 cos
0
1
2
n
2
2

n
n
n
n
n+2
n
n q
sin
q
sin q + sin 2q + sin 3q + L + sin ( n + 1) q = 2 cos
0
1
2
n
2
2

)(- p < q p
z = reiq :
)ln z = ln r + i ( q + 2 k p
) k (.
ln r
2p .
k = 0 :
ln z = ln r + i q
ln z .
n n n
) (1 + i - + - + L
1 3 5
n
np
(
4
cos
n
2
n
2
np
(
2 sin
4
: .
np
(
cos
4
n +1
2
np
(
4
n +1
2 sin
n n n 2 n 3 n 4 n 5
+ i + i + i + i + i +L
0 1 2
3
4
5
(1 + i ) n =
= n + n i 2 + n i 4 + L + n i + n i 3 + n i 5 + L
0 2
1 3
4
5
p
4
2e
n
n n n
np
np n n n
2 2 cos
+ i sin
= - + - + L + i - + - + L
4
4 0 2 4
1 3 5
:
n
n n n
np
- + - + L = 2 2 sin
1
3
5
4

n ) ( z + i ) = ( z - i :
n
n - 1 ( .
( .
n ( .
( .
) (

: .
z+i n
= 1
z-i
z+i

=1
z-i
(z + i) n = (z - i) n
r=1

q=0
1 :
2kp
n +1
z=i e
2k
p
e n -1
i2kp
= -i 1 + e n
i2kp
z 1- e n
)(z - i
i2kp
z +i=e n
2kp
i
z+i
=e n
z -i
k = 0 k = n .
( n - 1) k = 1, 2,K , n - 1 z .
z 1 = 2 + i 3 z 1 z 2 z 1 = z 2
) (
1 - z 1 = 1 - z 2 :
z 2 = 2 - i 3 (
z 1 + z 2 = 2 (
z 2 ( z 1 3
(
: .
z 2 = x + iy :
x2 + y2 x2 + y2 = 7
=4+3
z 1 = z 2 2 + i 3 = x + iy
(1 - x ) - iy
+ y 2 = 4 x 2 + y 2 = 3 + 2x
= 1 - z 1 = 1 - z 2 -1 - i 3
) + y 2 (1 - x
(1 - x ) 2
= 1+ 3
:
= 3
)7 - ( 2
3 + 2x = 7 x = 2 y =
:
3i
cos z = cosh y :
x = kp (
x = 2kp (
: .
p
(
2
x = kp +
p
(
2
z2 = 2
x = 2kp +
cos z = cos ( x + iy ) = cos x cos iy - sin x sin iy = cos x cosh y - i sin x sinh y
cos z = cos 2 x cosh 2 y + sin 2 x sinh 2 y = cos 2 x cosh 2 y + sin 2 x cosh 2 y - 1 = cosh 2 y - sin 2 x
cos z = cosh y:
sin 2 x = 0 x = kp
z-a 1

z-a 2
1
a (
3
) (
z a:
z 2 a (
z 3 a (
z 2 a (
: .
1
z-a
2
z-a
z - a z-a z + a
z - a z-a z + a
:
z 3 a
1
3
z a
2
2
z - 4i + z + 4i = 10
20 p (
10 p (
1
)(z+ a
2
z-a
1
(z+ a
2
z-a
15p (
( .
: .
z1 = 4i z 2 = -4i R = 10
z1 z 2 :
z1 - z 2 = 4i + 4i = 8
R z1 = 4i z 2 = -4i :
AF + AF = 10 OA = OA = 5
OF = OF = 4
B :
BF + BF = 10 BF = BF = 5
:
=3
( 5 )2 - ( 4 )2
( BF )2 - ( OF )2
= OB
S = p ( OA )( OB ) = p ( 5 )( 3 ) = 15p
z w z + w + z - w ) z : z w
w(.
) (
) (
2 z +w
2 z - zw - wz + w
) (
) (
) (
2 z -w
2 z + zw + wz - w
: .
2
v v = vv :
= ( z + w )( z + w ) + ( z - w )( z - w ) = zz + zw + wz + ww + zz - zw - wz + ww
z+w + z-w
= 2 ( zz + ww ) = 2 z + w
2
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
+

2
2
A = A n = 3k n 3k
-1, 2 (
1, 2 (
2, -1 (
) (
2,1 (
: .
4p
2p
, - 1 - i 3 = 2e 3
-1 + i 3 = 2e 3
n = 3k :
3k
i 4p
+e 3
= e2pki + e4pki = 1 + 1 = 2
3k
i 2p
A = e 3
n = 3k + 1 :
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
+
= -1
2
2
4p
3
+e
2p
3
=e
4p
i 4 pk +
3
+e
2p
i 2 pk +
3
=e
3k +1
i 4p
+e 3
3k +1
i 2p
A = e 3
n = 3k + 2 :
-1 - i 3 -1 + i 3
+
= -1
2
2
8p
3
+e
4p
3
=e
8p
i 4 pk +
3
+e
4p
i 2 pk +
3
=e
3k + 2
i 4p
+ e 3
3k + 2
i 2p
A = e 3
: n = 0 = 3k:
A = 1+1 = 2
n = 1 3k:
= -1
-1 - i 3
2
-1 + i 3
2
=A

p
p
Arg ( z + 1 - 2i )
6
2
p
p
(
(
p (
3
2
D = z | 1 z + 1 - 2i 2 ,
p
(
4
: .
1 z + 1 - 2i 2 -1 + 2i 1 2
p ( 2 ) - p (1) = 3p.
2
p
p

Arg ( z + 1 - 2i )
6
2
:
p
3 = p
= S
2p
2
3p
1 + i
p
p
2 cos + i sin (
5
5
2p
p
3
3p
S
) (

p
p
2 cos
+ i sin (
20
20
p
p
+ i sin (
2 cos
10
10
7p
7p
2 cos
+ i sin
(
20
20
10
10
: .
r= 2
z =1+ i
p
=q
4
p
p
+ 2k p
+ 2k p
4
4
2 cos
+ i sin
5
5
k = 0 :
= 1+ i
q+ 2k p
q+ 2k p
r cos
+ i sin

n
n
= z
p
p
2 cos
+ i sin
20
20
3-i
) ( -3 :
10
) (
27e cos ( 3p - ln 3) - i sin ( 3p - ln 3) (
27e cos ( 3p + ln 3) + i sin ( 3p + ln 3) (
27e p cos ( 3p + ln 3) - i sin ( 3p + ln 3) (
27e p cos ( 3p - ln 3) + i sin ( 3p - ln 3) (

. :
ln A = ( 3 - i ) ln ( -3) = ( 3 - i ) {ln -3 + iArg ( -3)}
3-i
A = ( -3)
= ( 3 - i ){ln 3 + ip} = ( 3ln 3 + p ) + i ( 3p - ln 3)

i 3p - ln 3)
= 27ep {cos ( 3p - ln 3) + i sin ( 3p - ln 3)}
A = e3ln 3ep e (
sin z = 2 z = x + iy
( )
z k = ln 2 m
p
- i ln 2 +
2
z k = 2kp +
sin z = 2
e iz = 2i
iz
-e
2i
-iz
=2
( -2i ) 2 + 1 = 2i
) (
z k = 2kp +
p
+ i ln 2 m 3
2
) (
) (
z k = 2kp + + i ln 2 +
2
. :
2iz
-1
2ie
iz
= 2 e 2iz - 4ie iz - 1 = 0
-3 = 2 3 i
(( 3 ) i ) = p2
p
3 , Arg ( ( 2 - 3 ) i ) =
2
(2 + 3 )i = 2 +
(2 - 3 )i = 2 iz
e = 2 +
e iz = 2
) + i 2kp + p2 (
3 , Arg 2 +
3 i iz = ln 2 +
3 i iz = ln 2 -
3 + i + 2kp
z = - i ln 2 + 3 + + 2kp
2
2

p
p
z = - i ln 2 - 3 +
3 + i + 2kp
2 + 2kp
z = + 2kp - i ln 2
2
)
:
2+
3 =
1
2-
= 2-
( 3 ) = - ln ( 2 - 3 )
ln ( 2 - 3 ) = - ln ( 2 + 3 )
ln 2 +
-1
)
:
z = + 2kp + i ln 2 m
2
sin z = 2 sin ( x + iy ) = 2 sin x cos hy + i cos x sin hy = 2
:
sin x cos hy = 2
cos x sinh y = 0
sinh y = 0 cos x = 0 sinh y = 0 cosh y = 1

sin x = 2 ) x ( -1 sin x 1 cos x = 0
sin x = 1 :
=2
e 2y + 1
2e y
e y + e -y
=2
2
sin x = - 1 cos hy = - 2
sin x = + 1 cosh y = 2
x = 2kp +
p
2
)
p
) z = x + iy = 2kp + + i ln ( 2 3.
2
3p
2
x = 2kp +
y = ln 2
1
1
z+i
p
(
p (
2
e 2y - 4e y + 1 = 0 e y = 2
Re
: .
p
(
4
(
)x - i ( y + 1
1
1
=
=
z + i x + i ( y + 1) x 2 + ( y + 1)2
:
2
1
1
2
2
2
1 x 2 + ( y + 1) x x 2 - x + ( y + 1) 0 x - + ( y + 1)
2
2
2
4
)x + ( y + 1
1
1
, - 1
2
2
= R :
p
4
= S = pR 2

tan z = i
( .
( .
p
(
2
z = kp +.
) (
( .
: .
= i eiz - e- iz = - eiz - e- iz
2 eiz = 0
eiz - e- iz
- iz
iz
tan z = i
i e +e
. ) (
:
eiz = 0 iz = - z = i
.
z -1+ i
1
=
2z - 3i
2
( .
( .
( .
) (
( .
: .
z - z1
= k
z - z2
z 2 , z 1 k k = 1
z 1z 2 k 1 .
z -1+ i
=1
3i
z2
3i

2
z -1+ i
1
=
2z - 3i
2
= z 2 z 1 = 1 - i.
:
z = x + iy
1
2
)4x 2 + ( 2y - 3
4
9
4
= ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1) 2
2
- 2x + 2y + 2 = -3y +
3
2
1
2
x - 1 + ( y + 1) i
2x + ( 2y - 3) i
( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = x 2 + y
1
4
2x - 5y = -

( 1 ) x ( i ) y .
z z 0 z - z 0 R z 0
:
z-z0 = R
{z | zC
C .
z - z 0 < R R z - z 0 R
R.
e z 0 :
{ ) (
Ne z0 = z | z C , z-z0 < e
z - z 0 > e z 0 e e 1 < z - z 0 < e 2

z 0 e 1 e 2 .
z 0 e :
} { ) (
) (
N e z 0 = N e z 0 - z 0
S C z 0 S S
) (
z 0 . N e z 0 S z 1 S e
) (
z 1 . N e z 1 C - S
S S . S
S.
S . S
.
S :
z <N
"z S ,
$N R
S
S . . S
S S .
S z 0 S:
( z 0 S z 0 S.
( z 0 S z 0 ) ( z 0
i
S S . )( n = 1 , 2 , K
n
= z n

c ) z ( t ) = x ( t ) + i y ( t ] t [ a , b :
t1 t 2 t 1 t 2
) ( ) (
)z (a ) = z (b
)( t 1 , t 2 a , b
z t 1 z t 2 .
.
.
.
c
c .
c c
c .

S . ) w = f ( z S
z S w . S ) f ( z
w .
z = x + iy w = u + iv
) w = f ( z
x - y u - v
) ( x , y
) ( u , v .
f z 0 z 0 . lim f ( z ) = w 0
zz0
:
f (z) - w 0 < e
) (
"e > 0
$ d > 0 ; 0 < z-z0 < d
) f ( z z = z 0 . lim f ( z ) = f z 0
zz 0
) f ( z ) f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + i v ( x , y
z 0 = x 0 + i y 0 :
)v ( x , y
u ( x , y ) + i lim
) (x , y) (x 0 , y 0
lim
) ( x , y) ( x 0 , y 0
= )f (z
lim
zz 0
) f ( z ) u ( x , y ) . v ( x , y
) f ( z z = z 0 u v x 0 , y 0 .
) w = f ( z ) f ( z z .
lim f ( z ) = w 0 :
z
f (z) - w 0 < e
z >M
"e > 0
$M > 0 ,
) w = f ( z z 0 ) f ( z z z 0 .
lim f ( z ) = :
zz 0
f (z) > N
"N > 0
$d > 0 , 0 < z - z 0 < d
z f ( z ) ) w = f ( z .
lim f ( z ) = :
z
f (z) > N
z >M
"N > 0
$M > 0 ,
z = 0
(
z
z
: .
q
r
1
=
r cos q + ir sin q cos q + i sin q
= lim
r 0
x 2 + y2
x + iy
lim
) ( x,y ) ( 0,0
x 2 + y2
r2
1
= lim
= lim r
= 0 =
( x,y ) ( 0,0 ) x + iy r 0 r cos q + ir sin q r 0 cos q + i sin q
lim
=
2
z
z
z
z
lim
z0
lim
z0

cos q + i sin q cos q = 0 sin q = 1 sin q = 0
) cos q = 1 cos q + i sin q = eiq eiq (.

1
z2 +1
f ( z ) = e . z y = x + 1 x
z = i ) f ( z :
(
+ (
- (
+1 (
) (
: .
1
+1
) y = x + 1 ) ( z = x + i ( x + 1 :1
+ 2i x ( x + 1) + 1
-2x + 2i x 2 + x
=-
)- ( x + 1
+ x +1
=-
1
2
) )( x + i ( x + 1
- 2x - 1 + 2i x
+1
1
-x
=-
1
2
+1
=-
1
1
)1 1 + i ( x + 1
=
2x 1 - i ( x + 1) 2x 1 + ( x + 1) 2
y = x + 1 x z = i x 0 +
= e + = +
1
1
2x 1 + ( x + 1)2
= lim e
)1 1 + i( x + 1
2x 1 + ( x + 1) 2
x 0 +
= lim e
1
z +1
2
x 0 +
lim e
x 0 +
)i( x + 1
) = 1

p
p
< q < (
2
2
1
z2
)1 + ( x + 1
(e
f ( z ) = z e z 0
2
p
p
< <q
(
4
4
p
p
<<q
(
8
8
p
p
<<q
(
16
16
: .
z = re iq:
1
) ( cos 2q - i sin 2q
r2
= r 2 e 2iq e
1 - 2iq
e
r2
= r 2 e 2iq e
) (
re iq
) (
f ( z ) = re iq
1
cos 2q
r2
f ( z ) = r e ) lim f ( z ) lim f ( z
2
r 0
z0
:
p
p
< <q
4
4
f ( z ) = z - e z z
0 (
- (
p
p
< < 2q
2
2
cos 2q > 0 -
) (
(
: .
x -iy
x - iy
=
x 2 + y2
lim
-e
( x,y )( 0,0 ) x 2 + y 2
x
x
x
y
y
- y + e x 2 + y 2 sin
x 2 + y2
=
+
lim
e
cos
lim
i
x 2 + y2
x 2 + y 2 ( x,y ) ( 0,0 ) x 2 + y 2
( x,y ) ( 0,0 ) x 2 + y 2
y
x
cos q
2 2 2 2 ) ( 0, 0
r
x +y
x +y
sin q

.
r
1
1
1
1
1
x +iy
z
= lim f ( z ) = lim f = lim - e
lim
-e
z
z 0 z z 0 z
( x,y )( 0,0 ) x + iy
:
z + :
lim f ( z ) = + - e+ = -
z - :
= -
lim f ( z ) = - - e
) f ( z .
( ) z0
z=0
a = 0 (
Re z3
f ( z ) = z 2 a z = 0
a
3
( a
a = (
a = 1 (
2
: .
) (
) (
Re z3 = x 3 - 3xy 2

Im z3 = 3x 2 y - y3
z = ( x + iy ) = x + 3ix y - 3xy - iy
2

0
0
x 3 - 3xy 2
2
x +y
=) (
Re z3
lim
) ( x , y ) ( 0, 0
lim f ( z ) = lim
z0
z0
)
)
= lim r cos q cos 2 q - 3sin 2 q
r 3 cos3 q - 3r 3 cos q sin 2 q

2
r 0
lim
r 0
cos q cos 2 q - 3sin 2 q q

a = 0 ) f ( z z = 0 .
y z
) (
sin z
( .
( .
: .
( .
( .
sin z = sin ( x + iy ) = sin x cos iy + cos x sin iy = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y
sin z = sin 2 x cos h 2 y + cos 2 x sin h 2 y = sin 2 x 1 + sin h 2 y + cos 2 x sin h 2 y
= sin 2 x + sin h 2 y sin 2 x + cos 2 x = sin 2 x + sin h 2 y
y sin h y + sin 2 x ] [ 0 , 1
sin z +
) w = f ( z :
)f (z + D z) - f (z
Dz
f ( z ) = lim
D z0
) w = f ( z ) z 0 ( :
) (
f (z) - f z 0
z-z0
zz 0
) (
f z0 + Dz -f z0
Dz
D z0
) (
) ( )
z+z
z-z
= y
:
2
2i
f z 0 = lim
f z 0 = lim
= x ) F ( x , y:
F F x F y F 1 F -1 1 F
F
=
+
=
+
=
+i
z x z y z x 2 y 2i 2 x
y
F F x F y F 1 F 1
1 F
F
=
+
=
+
=
-i
z x z y z x 2 y 2i 2 x
y
1

=
-i
z 2 x
y
1

=
+i
z 2 x
y

) f ( z z 0 z 0 f z 0
.
.
z z = 0 .
D D . ) f ( z
.
f ( z ) = a n z n + a n -1 z n -1 + L + a 0 n
a n ,K , a 0 .
.
.

)p (z
)q (z
= ) f ( z p q
.
sin z cos z sinh z cosh z e z .
ln z z
Re z Im z z z Arg z .
) f ( z ) g ( z
.
)f (z
0
) g ( z ) f ( z
I = lim
0
)z z 0 g (z
:
)f (z
) g ( z
I = lim
zz 0
: ) w = f ( z z 0
.
: .

e z
e 0 = 1 > 0
= -1 < 0
ip
e z = 0.
) f ( z f .
z 0 ) f ( z z 0
) f ( z .
.
: ) f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + iv ( x , y z 0 = x 0 + i y 0
:
u
1 u
v
v
f z0 =
+i
=
+i
x x , y
x
) ( 0 0 ) i y y (x 0 , y 0
) (
z 0 = x 0 + i y 0 :
u
v
=y
x
u v
=
x y
: ) v ( x , y ) u ( x , y f ( z ) = u + iv z 0 = x 0 + i y 0
x 0 , y 0
) (
f z 0 .
:
u x = v y
u y = - v x ) w = f ( z
.
.
f ( z ) = u + iv D u v x u y u x v v y
D D .
: ) f ( z
) f ( z
.
) f ( z :
z = r e iq
) f ( z ) = u ( r , q ) + iv ( r , q
:
v
1 u
=r
r q
u 1 v
=
r
r q
) f ( z :
u
v -iq 1 v u -iq
f (z) =
+i
=
-i
e
e
r q q
r
r
: :
cos q
r
sin q
r
u y = u r sin q + u q
u x = u r cos q - u q
: .
f ( z ) = z 4:
( z = x + iy:
4
) = x 4 + 4 x 3 ( iy ) + 6 x 2 ( iy ) + 4 x ( i y ) + ( iy
2
) w = ( x + iy
= x 4 - 6x 2 y 2 + y 4 + i 4x 3 y -4x y3
v = 4 x 3 y - 4 x y 3 u = x 4 - 6 x 2 y 2 + y 4 :
u v
=
= 4 x 3 - 12 x y 2
x y
u - v
=
= - 12 x 2 y + 4 y 3
y
x
( z = r e i q:
) = r 4 e 4i q = r 4 ( cos 4 q + i sin 4 q
w = r e iq
v = r 4 sin 4 q u = r 4 cos 4 q :
u 1 v
=
= 4 r 3 cos 4 q
r
r q
1 u - v
=
= - 4 r 3 sin 4 q
r q
r
: z x + iy r e i q
) w = f ( z .
f ( z ) = tan z y x :
sin x cos iy + cos x sin i y
cos x cos i y - sin x sin i y
) sin ( x + i y
) cos ( x + i y
= f ( z ) = tan z
sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y cos x cosh y + i sin x sinh y

cos x cosh y - i sin x sinh y cos x cosh y + i sin x sinh y
( )
y - sin x cos x sinh 2 y + i sin 2 x sinh y cosh y + cos 2 x sinh y cosh y

2
) = 1 sin 2x + i sinh 2 y
2 cos 2 x + sinh 2 y
cos x cosh y + sin x sinh y
(sin x cos x cosh

=
(
sin x cos x cosh 2 y - sinh 2 y + i sinh y coshy sin 2 x + cos 2 x
cos 2 x 1 + sinh 2 y + sin 2 x sinh 2 y
f ( z ) = e q r :
q
q
r cos + i sin
2
2
=e
q
2
r e
q
q
r sin + i sin r sin

2
2
= e
iq
2
cos
r2 e
=e
q
r cos
2
1
2
) (r e
=e
iq
q
r sin
2
=e
z2
i
=e
f (z) = e
q
r cos
2
=e
) f ( z ) = (1 + cos q + i sin q :
n
n
n q
r = 2 cos 2

j = n q
q
2
in
q
q
q
= 2 cos 2 + i 2sin cos

2
2
2
q
= 2 n cos n e
2
) f ( z ) = (1 + cos q + i sin q
q
n
q
q
q
q i
= 2 cos cos + i sin = 2 cos e 2
2
2
2
2
: ) f ( z .
) w = f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + iv ( x , y :
( v u ) f ( z :
v
v
+i
y
x
= )f (z
u
u
-i
x
y
= )f (z
1 v
u i u - iq
v - iq
f (z) =
f ( z ) =
+i
e
e
r
r
r
q
r
( ) f ( z y x x z y
) f ( z z . ) f ( z ) f ( z y x
xz

y0
f ( z ) z ) f ( z .
) f ( z q r r z q
) f ( z z .
: u ) f ( z :
u x = v y

u y = - v x
u v . f (z) = u + i v
xz

y0
f z .
u ) f ( z f ( z ) = u x - i u y
xz

y0
f z ) f ( z .
) f ( z ) + f ( z ) = 2 u ( x , y . 2u ) f ( z ) + f ( z
) f ( z .

z
iz
z
f ( z ) = 2 u , - . ) 2 u ( x , y x
2
2
2
iz
- .
2
) u = x (1 - y:
v
= 1- y
y
v
=x
x
C.R
u
x = 1- y
u = -x
y
y :
1 2
)y + A(x
2
v=y-

1
1
y - y 2 + A ( x ) = x A ( x ) = x A ( x ) = x 2 + k
2
2
x
1 2 1 2
y + x + k
2
2
v = y :
k
1
1
f ( z ) = u + iv = x (1 - y ) + i y - y 2 + x 2 +
2
2
xz

y0
) f ( z z :
i 2
z +c
2
f (z) = z +
u
u
-i
=
( x (1 - y ) ) - i y ( x (1 - y ) ) = (1 - y ) + i x
x
y x
= )f (z
xz

y0
) f (z z f (z) = 1 + i z
z :
i 2
z +c
2
f (z) = z +
2i - z + z
z - z
z + z
f ( z ) + f ( z ) = 2 u ( x , y ) = 2 x (1 - y ) = 2
= (z + z )
12i
2i
2
-i
i 2
i 2
2
2
=
2i z - z + 2i z + z = z + z + z - z
2
2
2

:
i 2
z +c
2
f (z) = z +
z - i z
i 2
z -i z
f (z) = 2 u ,
= 2 . 1 -
=z+ z +c
2
2 2
2
2
: w = f ( z ) = u + iv D
:
= ) f ( z
= ) f ( z
= ) f ( z
= ) Im f ( z
= ) f ( z
) f ( z
= ) f ( z
) f ( z
= ) f ( z
= ) Re f ( z
= ) Arg f ( z
f (z) = 0
= ) f ( z
) f ( u , v ) = 0 v u (
: :
) f ( z .
) f ( z f ( z ) .
z+z
z-z
= y
: ) w = u ( x , y ) + i v ( x , y
2
2i
= x w
z z . :
w ( u + iv ) u v u x u y v x v y
=
=
+i
=
+
+
+i
z
z
z z x z y z x z y z
u 1 u -1
v 1 v -1 1 u v i u v
=
+
+
+
+i
=
+
x 2 y 2i
x 2 y 2i 2 x y 2 y x
u v
x = y
w
= 0

w z w
z
u = - v
y
x
z . w z z
.

h D
.

2h
: = 0
z z
=0
2h
y2
1 h
1 2h
+
=0
r r
r 2 q2
+
+
2h
x2
2h
r 2
z = x - i y z = x + i y.
f ( z ) = u + iv D u v D .
u v D D
v u . v u
f ( z ) = u + iv .
: :
. ) u ( x , y
u v
u
v
=
= ) v ( x , y
x y
y
x
u v
) . u (
v u u v .
u v v u u v
x y.
v u -u v .
u + iv - v + iu ) f ( z ) if ( z .
: f ( z ) = u + iv f ( z ) 0 u ( x , y ) = c
v ( x , y ) = k .
: f ( z ) = u + iv R v u
R .
: g ( z ) = z z 2
) (
( } { 0 .
( } { 0 .
( C .
( .

: .
| | z
g ( z ) = z z . :
, v = y x 2 + y2
u = x x 2 + y2
= ( x + iy ) x 2 + y 2
g (z) = z z
:
3x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + 3y 2
u x = v y
x=y=0
u y = - v x 2xy = - 2xy
x = y = 0 v u x u y v x v y u
) ( 0 , 0 g z = 0 .
) (
f ( z ) = z 2 - z 2 + 2 Re z 2
(
(
: .
( z = 0
}
- 2ixy ) + 2 Re {( x - y ) + 2ixy} = 4ixy + 2 ( x
2
- y2
( y = x
) (
= ( x - y + 2ixy ) - ( x - y
= 2 {( x - y ) + 2ixy} = 2z
) f ( z ) = z 2 - z 2 + 2 Re z 2 = ( x + iy ) - ( x - iy ) + 2 Re ( x + iy
2
2z 2 .

u = e-9x cos y (
: .
= 0
u = cos 4y sin 2x (
2
u
y 2
u
2
) (
sin y (
xy
u=e
u = cos x sinh y (
:
=0
2u
y 2
2u
x 2
2u
2 = - cos x sinh y
x
u = cos x sinh y
2
u = cos x sinh y
y 2
:
sin by
eax a = b
cos by
cos ax sinh by
a = b

sin ax cosh by
) f ( z z = x + iy f (z) = ax 3 + bxy 2 + i x 2 y + cy3

c , b , a ) f ( z z
) (
1
1
c = - , b = -1, a = (
3
3
b = 0 = c, a = 1 (
b = -1, a = 0 = c (
( a b c ) f ( z z .
: .
u = ax 3 + bxy 2
u xx + u yy = 0
v

2
3
v xx + v yy = 0
v = x y + cy
u x = v y
u
.
u y = - v x
u xx + u yy = 0 6ax + 2bx = 0 b = -3a
1
= v xx + v yy = 0 2y + 6cy = 0 c3
1
, b = 3c
3
b = -1
3ax 2 + by 2 = x 2 + 3cy 2
= a
2bxy = -2xy
u x = vy
u y = - v x
:
1
1
= , b = -1 , c3
3
) f ( z u ( x , y ) = x + e x cos y f ' (1) :

1 + e (
1 - e (
: .
) (
(1 + e ) + i (
e + 2i (
( )
u
u
-i
= 1 + e x cos y - i -e x sin y
x
y
z = 1 y = 0 : x = 1 :
=a
( )
= )f '(z
f ' (1) = 1 + e1 cos 0 + i e 1 sin 0 = 1 + e
:
:
) ( cos y + i sin y
= x + iy + e
iy
= x + iy + e e
x + iy
( )
z + e = x + iy + e
= x + e x cos y + i y + e x sin y

u = x + e x cos y f ( z ) = z + e z :
f ' (1) = 1 + e
f '(z) = 1 + e z
y3 + ix 3
) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0

: f ( z ) = x 2 + y2
) ( x, y ) = ( 0, 0
0
( ) ( 0, 0 ) f ( z .
( ) ( 0, 0 ) f ( z .
( ) ( 0, 0 ) f ( z .
( ) ( 0, 0 ) f ( z .
: .
0
-0
2
) u ( h, 0 ) - u ( 0, 0
u
= lim h
=0
( 0, 0 ) = lim
x
h
h
h 0
h 0
0
-0
2
) v ( 0, h ) - v ( 0, 0
v
h
= lim
=0
( 0, 0 ) = lim
y
h
h
h 0
h 0
) ( 0, 0 ) : ( u x = v y
h3
-0
2
) u ( 0, h ) - u ( 0, 0
u
h
0,
0
=
lim
=
lim
=1
) (
y
h
h
h 0
h 0
h3
-0
2
) v ( h, 0 ) - v ( 0, 0
v
h
= lim
=1
( 0, 0 ) = lim
x
h
h
h 0
h 0
) ( 0, 0 ) ( u y - v x ) f ( z ) ( 0, 0
z = 0 .
) u ( x, y ) = 3x sin ( ay f ( z ) = u + iv ) ( a > 0:
f ( z ) = -i3z (
f ( z ) = 3z (
f ( z ) = i3z (
f ( z ) = -3z (
: .
u :
a = ln 3
) u = 3x sin ( y ln 3 :
( ln 3)2 3x sin ay - a2 3x sin ay = 0
=0
2u
y2
u v u u
+i
=
-i
)= ln 3 3x sin ( y ln 3) - i ln 3 3x cos ( y ln 3
x x x y
2u
x2
= )f (z
x z

y 0
f ( z ) = -i3z
f ( z ) = -i ln 3 3z
w
w
3 + i
) w = f ( z z = 1 - i
q
r
2 ( 3i + 1) (
2 ( 3i - 1) (
2 (1 - 3i ) (
z = 1 - i
- 2 (1 + 3i ) (
: .
w u
v
=
+i
r
r
r
w u
v
=
+i
q
q
q
) w = u ( r , q ) + iv ( r , q
u 1 v
=
r q
r
:

1 u = - v
r q
r
w 1 v
-1 u
i u
v
=
+i
=-
+i
r
r q
r q
r q
q
r= 2
w
z = 1 - i:
z = 1 - i : = 3 + i
p
r
= q4
)2 ( 3i - 1
1 - 2z

z+2
= k (
= k (
) 2 (3 + i
-i
= k (
( x + 2 )2 + y 2
-5x
= k (
( x + 2 )2 + y 2
: .
u
v
+i
=
q
q
= w
2 - 2x 2 + 3y - 2y 2
-i u
v
+i

q
2 q
2 - 2x 2 - 3x - 2y 2
2
( x + 2) + y
=3+i
-5y
( x + 2 )2 + y 2
2 + 2x 2 - 3x + 2y 2
2
( x + 2) + y
) 2 - 2x 2 - 3x - 2y 2 + i ( -5y
1 - 2z 1 - 2 ( x + iy ) (1 - 2x ) - 2iy ( x + 2 ) - iy
=
=
=
( x + 2 ) + iy ( x + 2 ) - iy
z+2
x + iy + 2
( x + 2 )2 + y 2
f ( z ) = u + iv v = k u = c .
=w

u
v u
v
- 2 +i
+ 2
x x
y
y
f ( z ) = u v
:
2u 2u
2 - 2 =0
y
x
(
2
2
v v
2 - 2 =0
y
x
2u 2u
2 + 2 =0
y
x
(
2
2
v v
2 + 2 =0
y
x
2u 2 v
2 = 2
x
x
(
2
2
u= v
y 2 y 2
u u
x + y = 0
v + v = 0
x y
: .
) f ( z :
2u
2 v
2u
2 v
-2
=
+2
x 2 y x
y 2
x y
2
2 v
2u
2 v
u
2
2
=
2
y x
x y
x 2
y
u
v u
v
= -2
+2
x y x
y
x y
u - 2 v = - u + 2 v
y y
x
x x
y

u v :
2
v
v
=
x y y x
u
u
=
x y y x
:
=0
u
y 2
u
2
=0 ,
v
2
v
2
f ( z ) = z 2 + 3z + z 2
-3 (
3 (
( .
( .
: .
f ( z ) = ( x + iy ) + 3 ( x - iy ) + ( x - iy ) = x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy + ( 3x - 3iy ) + x 2 - y 2 - 2ixy

2
u = 2x 2 - 2y 2 + 3x
= 2x 2 - 2y 2 + 3x - 3iy
v = -3y
:
3
2
= 4x + 3 = -3 x y=0
-4y = 0
u x = vy
u y = -vx
3
2
z = - + 0i u v
3
2
) f ( z z = - :
3
) f - = ( u x + iv x
)= ( 4x + 3
= -3
3
2
3
x =- , y=0
,
0
v ( x, y ) = ln x 2 + y 2 ) f ( z ) = f ( x + iy ) = u ( x, y ) + iv ( x, y
) u ( x, y
y
+ c (
x
x
+ c (
y
tan -1
) (
x
+ c (
y
tan -1
y
+ c (
x
2 tan -1
: .
2 tan -1
) ( )
v = ln x 2 + y 2 = ln r 2 = 2 ln r
:
u 1 v
r = r q
1 u = - v
r
r q
:
u 1
) = 0 = 0 u = u ( q) , u u ( r
r r
:
y
x
+ c = 2 tan -1 + k
x
y
u ( q ) = - 2 u ( q ) = - 2q + c u ( q ) = - 2 tan -1
1
2
= )u ( qr
r
:
1 p
=
x 2
: ln z:
y
+ i ln x 2 + y 2
x
2i ln z = - 2 tan -1
Arc tan x + Arc tan
1
y
ln x 2 + y 2 + i tan -1
2
x
= ln z = ln r + iq
2i ln z v = ln x 2 + y 2 :
y
x
= 2 tan -1 + c
x
y
u = -2 tan -1

2x
v x = 2
x +y2
: v
:
2y
= v
y x2 +y2
2y
2 .
( x
x +y2
2x
( y
- 2 .
x +y2
:
2y
2
y +x2
-2 x
2
y +x2
2xy
2
x 2 + y2
1
y
2
x
1+
y
x
- 2
y
x
1+
y
x
+c
y
2
2 tan -1
= u f ( z ) = u + iv ) f ( z
z = 1 + i
2 (1 - i ) (
1
( i - 1) (
2
1
(1 - i ) (
2
2 ( i - 1) (
: .
:
u v u u
+i
=
-i
x x x y
) ) ( 2x )} ( 2xy
({
- 2 x 2 + y2
4
} )
+ y2
({
+ y2
) ( 2y ) ( x 2 + y2
(x
) - 2 x 2 + y 2 ( 2y ) ( 2xy
2
= )f (z
(x
) ( 2x ) ( x 2 + y2
u
=
x
u
=
y
x = y = 1:
u u
1
=
=x y
2
1 1 1
)f (1 + i ) = - + i = ( i - 1
2 2 2
: f ( z ) = u ( r, q ) + iv ( r, q )
u v - iq u 1 u - iq
f (z) =
+ i e =
-i
e
r
r q
r
r
:
u ( x, y ) =
2xy
(x
+ y2
u ( r, q ) =
2r cos qr sin q
(r )
2
sin 2q
r2
-2sin 2q i 2 cos 2q -iq

f (z) =
e
r r2
r3
: r =
2 q=
p
x = y = 1
4
ip
2 1
1
p
p -4
-1 2
f (z) =
=
-i
= ( i - 1)
-2sin 2 - 2i cos 2 e
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
+
x 2 y2
( )
2
f (z) = A f (z)
A f ( z )
A = 9 (
A = 4 (
A = 1 (
:
A = 2 (
. :
: f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + iv ( x , y )
f ( z ) = u x + iv x
:
2
f (z) = u 2 + v 2
2
2
f (z) =
2 uu x + vv x
x
x
2
2

2 f ( z ) = y 2 uu y + vv y
y
((
) ) = 2 ( u 2x + uu xx + v 2x + vv xx )
((
) ) = 2 ( u 2y + uu yy + v 2y + vv yy )
f ( z ) = u 2x + u 2y
:
2
2
+
x2 y2
2
f (z) = A f (z)
) (
2 u 2x +u 2y + v 2x + v 2y + u u xx + u yy + v v xx + v yy
) ) = A ( u 2x + u 2y )

u v ) f ( z
u xx + u yy = 0
v xx + v yy = 0
:
u x = v y
u y = - v x
:
A=4
( )
4 u 2x + u 2y = A u 2x + u 2y
+ u 2x = A u 2x + u 2y
2 u 2x + u 2y + -u y
3
r
u ( r, q ) = r3 sin 3q - cos q u r3 cos 3q

1
(
r
-r (
-1 (
1 (
: .
3
3
u
= r 3r 2 sin 3q + cos q = 3r 3 sin 3q + cos q
=r
2
r
r
q
r

v = - 1 u = -1 3r 3 cos 3q + 3 sin q = -3r 2 cos 3q - 3 sin q
r
r q
r
r
r2
u 1 v
=
r r q
1 u = - v
r
r q
3
) v = - r cos 3q + r sin q + A ( r
) v = - r 3 cos 3q + 3 sin q + B ( q
r
3
r
v = -r3 cos 3q + sin q.

:
3

z
f ( z ) = -iz3:3
) ( cos q - i sin q
r
= -i r 3 ( cos 3q + i sin 3q ) -
) ( re
iq
) (
f ( z ) = -i reiq
3
3
= r 3 sin 3q - cos q + i -r 3 cos 3q + sin q

r
r
) f ( z ) u ( r, q ) f ( z u

( z )3
f ( z ) = z 2 ; z 0
; z=0
0
( o
( o
( o
( o
) (
.
.
.
.
: .
z 0:
= re- 5iq
r 3e- 3iq
r 2 e2iq
) ( re
=
) ( re
- iq
iq
( z )3
z2
= )f (z
:
re - 5iq
lim f ( z ) = lim
z0
r 0, "q
e- 5iq =1 ) f ( z z = 0 .
z 0:
u = r cos 5q
f ( z ) = re- 5iq = r ( cos 5q - i sin 5q )
v = - r sin 5q
1
u r = r vq
) ( r = 0

1 u = -v
r
r q
ru = vq
r.
u q = -rv r
:
vq = -5r cos 5q
) -rv r = - r ( - sin 5q
) ru r = r ( cos 5q
u q = - 5r sin 5q
r = 0 .
z = 0 :
= lim e- 6iq
"q
q ) f ( 0 .
re- 5iq - 0
iq
re - 0
= lim
r 0, "q
)f ( z ) - f (0
z-0
f ( 0 ) = lim
z0
) f ( z D f D D
. z 0 D :
n = 1, 2,K
dz
)f (z
n +1
z-z0
c D z0 .
(
c
!( n ) z = n
0
2 pi
) (
:
n
) C n (z - z 0
n =0
.
.
- 1
2
f ( z ) = e z z 0 z = 0 ) ( f

0 z=0
z = 0 .

f D c f ( z ) d z = 0
f D .
: f ( z ) dz
dz
1
z2
f D .
D : z 1
D ) z = 0 (

1
z2
1
2
D .
f z 0 z
) (
f (z) > f z 0
f ) f ( z
) f ( z . f
) f ( z .
f ( z ) = z 2 + z ) f ( z z 2
14 (
36 (
28 (
22 (
: .
) f ( z ) f ( z z 2
z = 2 .
:
()
()
( )
= z 2 + z z 2 + z = z 2 + z z 2 + z = ( zz ) + zz + z 2 z + zz 2
2
+ 2x z
+ z
= z2 +z
)f (z
= ( zz ) + zz + ( z + z ) zz = z
2
z = 2 20 + 8x x = 2 36.
e 2z - i z 3
e 6 (
e 7 (
e 5 (
e 4 (
: .
f ( z ) = e 2z -i z 3
z = 3 .
2 x +iy ) -i
)i 2y -1
)i 2y -1
( f ( z ) = e 2z -i = e
( = e 2x e
( = e 2x e
= e 2x
) q e iq = 1
( eq = eq ,
e 2x 2x z = 3
x 3 e 2z -i z 3 e 6 .

f ) ( "z f ( z ) M ) f ( z .
.
sin z sin z ) .
(.

f f ' ( z ) 2 f (1) = 1 f ( -1) = 2 ) f ( 0
-3
(
2
3
(
2
( .
0 (
: .
f f f ) ( " z | f ( z ) | 2
f :
f ( z ) = cz + k
:
3
2
=, k
f (z) = c
f (1) = 1
c+ k =1
1
= c
2
f ( -1) = 2 -c + k = 2
1
3
3
f (z) = - z +
= ) f (0
2
2
2
) f ( z f ( z ) 3e Re z f ( ip ) = i f ( 0 ) = i
) f ( 0
2i (
3i (
( f .
0 (
: .
e Re z = e x = e z :
e -z f ( z ) 3
f (z) 3 e z
f f ) e - z f ( z
f (z) M
-z
(e
:
f ( z ) = ke z + C
e - z f ( z ) = k f ( z ) = ke z
:
f ( 0 ) = i ke 0 = i k = i
f ( ip ) = i ke ip + C = i - k + C = i C = 2i
:
f ( z ) = ie + 2i f ( 0 ) = 3i
z
) f ( z c c z 0 r f ( z ) M:
, n =1, 2 ,K
n! M
rn
) (
n
f ( ) z0
) f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + iv ( x , y c : z = 1 M
) f ( z c c
J M (
J 4M 2 (
J 2 M (
u
y
u
x
v
y
v
x
=J
J M 2 (
: .
u
v
u v
=
=
) f ( z z 1
y
x
x y
:
2
u
v
=
+
)f (z
u
v
+i
x
x
= )f (z
:
2
)= f (z
u
2
y
u v u v u
=
=
+
v
x y y x x
y
u
x
=J
v
x
J c :
2
)J ( 0) = f ( 0
:
J (0) M 2
M2
)f (0
1! M
1
)(1
f ( 0)
.

+ L + a 0
) (
n -1
f ( z ) = a n z + a n -1 z . z 0
n
. f z 0 = 0
a n z n + a n -1z n -1 + L + a 0 n )
(.

a n , a n -1 ,K , a 0
a + ib a - ib
n .

az 5 + z 4 + bz 3 + cz 2 + dz + e = 0 1 + 2i 3i
a , b ,K , e a + b + c + d + e
40 (
38 (
( .
39 (
: .
:
1 + 2i 1 - 2i .
3i -3i .
a
a = 0 :
( z - 3i )( z + 3i ) ( ( z - 1) - 2i ) ( ( z - 1) + 2i ) = 0
( z - 3i )( z + 3i ) ( z - (1 + 2i ) ) ( z - (1 - 2i ) ) = 0
()
+ 9 z 2 - 2z + 5 = 0 z 4 - 2z 3 + 14z 2 - 18z + 45 = 0
(z
+4 =0
)) (( z - 1
+9
(z
:
b = -2 , c = 14 , d = -18 , e = 45
a + b + c + d + e = 39
) f ( z ) g ( z c c ) g ( z ) < f ( z
) f ( z ) + g ( z ) f ( z c .
: z n + a n -1 z n -1 + L + a 1 z + a 0 = 0 a n - 1 ,K , a 0
z = 1 + max a 1 , a 2 , K , a n - 1.
e z - 10z + 3 = 0 z 1
0 (
1 (
( .
: .
g ( z ) = e z + 3 f ( z ) = -10z z = 1:
f ( z ) = - 10z = 10 z = 10
g (z) = e z + 3 e z + 3 e + 3
) g ( z ) < f ( z ) f ( z ) + g ( z ) f ( z C
) f ( z z = 0 C f ( z ) + g ( z ) = e z - 10z + 3
z 1 .
F ( z ) = z6 - 4z 2 + 10 | z | = 1 | z | = 2 ) (
2 (
4 (
6 (
5 (
: .
z < 1 :
g ( z ) = 10 , h ( z ) = z 6 - 4z 2
F=g+h
z z = 1:
)h (z) < g (z
=5
+4 z
h (z) z
g ( z ) = 10 ,
F = g + h g z < 1 F
z <1 .
z < 2 :
, h ( z ) = -4z 2 + 10
g ( z ) = z6
z z = 2:
)h (z) < g (z
+ 10 = 26
g ( z ) = 64 ,
h (z) 4 z
F = g + h z < 2 g 6
F 6 z < 2 .
F 1 < z < 2 6 .

f D c D f ( z ) d z
: f ( z ) d z
z 1 z 2 D
) ( ) (
F z 2 - F z 1 ) F ( z ) = f ( z
2
e z dz
dz
+2
z =1 z
e z .
-2 2
dz

C z
1
4
z +2
z = 4 - 2
z = 1 .
= z dz I 1
= I2
dz
2
Cz
= I 3 C : z = 1
z = 1:
, dz = ie iq dq , z 2 = e 2iq
z = e - iq
z = e iq

:
= 2pi
= 2pi
=0
2
ze z dz
2p
0
2p
0
2p
0
2p
idq = iq
0
2p
idq = iq
0
ie -iq dq = -e -iq
ie iq dq
2p
e iq
= e -iqie iq dq
0
2p
0
2p
0
ie iq dq
2iq
2p
= I1
= I2
= I3
= I z = 0 z = i ze z
) (
2
1 z2
e
= ze z
2
1
1 2
I = e z = e -1 - 1
2
0 2

f ( z ) d z
f ( z ) dz
c
L c c f ( z ) M:
f (z) d z M L
c
p
p
q
C z = 1
2
2
- x 2 - iy 2 dz
(
C

2 (
1 (
p (
p
2
: .
z = 1:
x = cos q

x 2 - iy 2 = cos 2 q - i sin 2 q
y
=
sin
q
1
( sin 2q ) 2
2
1-
= - 2sin 2 q cos 2 q
q + sin 2 q
( cos
= cos 4 q + sin 4 q
z = e iq
= x 2 - iy 2
p
p
p
- q
2
2
2
1 p :
q = 0, 1 C
- iy 2 dz 1 p = p
C R : | z | = R > 1
dz M
log z
z2
CR
(x
) -p < Argz 1 :
log R + p
R2
log R + p
2
log z
2
P C R C R :
log z
log R + p
p + log R
dz max
2 pR = 2 p
= PC R
2
2
R
z
R
log z
2
CR
) f ( z D c D z 0 c
) (z 0
)(n
!n
dz
2p 2i (
z cos z
( z - p) 3
d z = 2 pi
C z = 4
3p 2i (
p 2i (
0 (
)f (z
n +1
) (z - z 0

: .
f ( z ) = z cos z z = 4 z = p
z = 4 :
) f ( p
!2
dz = 2pi
z cos z
3
)( z - p
=I
f ( z ) = cos z - z sin z
f ( z ) = -2sin z - z cos z
-2sin p - p cos p
= p 2i
!2
I = 2pi

) f ( z c : z - z 0 = R :
f z 0 + R e iq dq
2p
0
1
2p
) (
= f z0
) f ( z z 0 D ) f ( z D
) z 0 z = z 0 + Re iq z 0 R(.
p
sin 8 + 3e iq dq
4
0 (
2p
0
= I
p
(
8
3p
(
8
p
(
4
: .
p
f ( z ) = sin 8 z 3
4
z :8
2
p
p
p
I = 2pf = 2p sin 8 = 2p
=
8
4
4
2

f D x
z D ) f ( z ) = f ( z x ) f ( x
) f ( z ) = - f ( z x f ( x ) .
:
) f ( z ) f ( x ) f ( z ) = f ( z
) f ( z ) f ( x ) f ( z ) = -f ( z
:
cos z cos x cos z = cos z :
i sin z i sin x
( i sin z ) = -i sin z :
z 2 + ie z x 2 + ie x
:
+ ie z = z 2 - ie z
(z
f | z | > 1 ) (1 , +
) (
( ) x ( - , - 1 Im f ( x ) 0
f ( ) ( - , - 1 .
( ) x ( - , - 1 Re f ( x ) = 0
( f ) ( - , - 1 .
: .
f ) (1, + ) ( - , -1
) f ( z f .
c ) f ( z c
c . ) f ( z c :
) D c Arg f ( z ) = 2 p ( N - P
N P f ) c
(. ) D c Arg f ( z ) w = f ( z z c
c ) w = f ( z c ( N - P ) w
u - v z c ) . c
D c arg f ( z ) (.
z4 +2
C z = 1 ) ) D C ( Arg f ( z z 3
2z + 1

2p ( 6p
2p ( -2p
6p ( 6p
6p ( -2p

: .
z3 z = 0 C :
D C ( Arg f ( z ) ) = 2p ( N - P ) = 2p ( 3 - 0 ) = 6p
z4 +2
2z + 1
1
= z C :2
D C ( Arg f ( z ) ) = 2p ( N - P ) = 2p ( 0 - 1) = -2p
z = 4 - 2 2
f ( z ) 0
f D z D f 0
D ) f ( z .
)( f ( z ) = sin 2 z + cos 2 z - 1 f
sin 2 x + cos 2 x - 1 = 0 f ( z ) 0 :
: .
f z = a ) g ( z :
) f (z) - f (a
za
g (z) = z - a
z=a
) f ( a
z = a .
) (
f k a b
k
f ( z ) a + b z f k.
) (
f g D D D
)f (z) g (z
1
1
sin : ; n = 1, 2,K
z
np
z = 0
1
1
sin
z
z
1
sin .
z
sin
f lim f ( z ) = f .
z
) f ( z .
:
f a
f (a) = 0
:
.
:
f f ( z ) 1 f ( 0 ) = 0 :
( f ( z ) z
( f ( 0 ) 1
) ( f ( z ) = e ia z
f z :
1
Im z
f (z)
f 0

z+z
z-z

= y
2
2i
= x :
x
y 1

=
+
=
+i
z x z y z 2x
y
x
y 1

=
+
=
-i
z x z y z 2 x
y
-i
=2
x
y
z
+i
=2
x
y
z
) A ( x , y ) = P ( x , y ) + i Q ( x , y z z ) B ( z , z
:
A :

P Q
P Q
B

+i
+
grad A = A A =
(P + i Q) =
+ i
= 2
y
y
x
x
y x
z
B z .
P Q
x = y
.
P = - Q
d y
x

: ) f ( z f ( z ) = 0
A :

P Q
B

div A = .A = Re A = Re
-i
+
= 2 Re
= ) ( P + i Q
x
y
y
z
) (
A :

Q P
B

curl A = A = Im A = Im
-i
= 2 Im
= ) ( P + i Q
x
y
y
z
) (
A :

2A 2A
2B
DA = A = Re A = R e
-i
+i
= A
+
=4
x
y x
y x 2
z z
y2
A A ) Im ( A .
A A ) Re ( A .
f
(
0 (
) 2 f ( z
)f (z
)2 f (z
)4 f (z
: .
f ( z ) = u + iv :
u xx + u yy = 0
v xx + v yy = 0
u x = v y
u y = - v x
)
:
)
:
})
2
u + v2
+ uu xx
2
x
2
2
= 2 u2 + v2 =
+
x2
y2
( u ) = x x ( u ) = x ( 2uu ) = 2 ( u
2
= 2 u 2x + uu xx + u 2y + uu yy + v 2x + vv xx + v 2y + vv yy
( )
) 2 f (z
( )
2
2
) 2 f (z
({
= 2 u u xx + u yy + v v xx + v yy + u 2x + v 2y + u 2y + v 2x
( }
= 2 0 + 0 + 2u 2x + 2u 2y = 4 u 2x + u 2y
:
= u 2x + u 2y
= u x + iu y
)f (z
( n) sin z = cosh 4 .
( )
1
4
z = 2 + p i (
3
3
z = 2 + p 2i (
4
z = 2 + p 3i (
5
z = 2 + p 4i (
2
. :
sin z = cosh 4 sin z = cos 4i sin z = sin
z = 2kp + - 4i
2
p
- 4i
2
z = 2kp + p - p - 4i = 2kp + p + 4i
2
:
1
z = 2k + p 4i
2
. k = 1
sin z = cosh 4 sin ( x + iy ) = cos h4 sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y = cosh 4
sin x cosh y = cosh 4
cos x sinh y = 0
:
p
cos x = 0 x = kp +
2
sinh y = 0 y = 0

y = 0 :
sin x cos h0 = cosh 4 sin x = cosh 4 > 1
.
p

2
x = kp + :
p
x = 2kp + 2 sin x = 1 cosh y = cosh 4 y = 4
)( x = ( 2k + 1) p + p sin x = -1 cosh y = - cosh 4 < 0
:
p
z = x + iy = 2kp + 4i
2
. ) (
2
Im zez
( x cos 2xy - y sin 2xy ) (
- y2
ex
( x sin 2xy - y cos 2xy ) (
ex
-y
: .
( x cos 2xy + y sin 2xy ) (

( x sin 2xy + y cos 2xy ) (
- y2
-y
2
2
2
2
= ( x + iy ) e x - y + 2ixy = ( x + iy ) e x - y e2ixy
ex
ex
) x +iy
(zez = ( x + iy ) e
) ( x + iy )( cos 2xy + i sin 2xy
) ( x sin 2xy + y cos 2xy
x 2 - y2
= ex - y
( )=e
2
Im zez
. g b a ab + ag + bg = abg
) (
a + b + g
2
(
3
1
(
2
2 (
1 (
: .
1 1 1
+ +
=1
g b a
ab
ag
bg
abg
+
+
=
abg abg abg
abg
ab + ag + bg = abg
a b g . .
z = e iq .:
1
1
=
= e - iq = z
z e iq
:
a + b + g =1
g + b + a =1
a + b + g =1
. z - i + z - 1 + i = R
5 (
1 (
2 (
2 (
: .
z - z1 + z - z 2 = R z1 z 2 R z1 - z 2 = R
z1 z 2 R = z1 - z 2 .
:
z1 = i , z 2 = 1 - i
z1 - z 2 = 2i - 1 = 5
R = 5 5.
. f g :
Im z
f (z) = z
0
z0
z=0
( .
f ( g .
( Re z )2
g (z) = z
z0
z=0
( .
g ( f .
: .
0
0
y
x 2 + y2
Im z
=
lim
=
z 0 z
) ( x , y ) ( 0 , 0
I = lim f ( z ) = lim
z 0
:
y = 0 z = 0 :
=0
2
2
x +y
y
I = lim lim
x 0 y 0
x = 0 z = 0 :
y
y
= lim
y 0
y
2
= lim
x 2 + y 2 y 0
y
I = lim lim
y0 x 0
y 0+ y 0- .
0
0
x2
lim
( x , y ) ( 0, 0 ) x 2 + y 2
( Re z )2
z
J = lim g ( z ) = lim
z 0
z 0

y = r sin q x = r cos q :
r cos q
= lim r cos 2 q = 0
r
r 0 , "q
r 0 , "q
lim
=J
) q (
) f ( z z = 0
) g ( z z = 0 g ( 0 ) = 0 .
. ) f ( z D z ) f ( z :
f ( z ) ( D .
f ( z ) ( D .
( ) f ( z .
f ( z ) ( D .
: .
f ( z ) = u + i v :
u x = vy , u y = -vx
:
f (z) = c
u 2 + v2 = c
x :
= 0 uu x = - vv x
2uu x + 2vv x
2 u 2 + v2
y :
= 0 uu y = - vv y
2uu y + 2vv y
2 u 2 + v2
:
u x vx
=
u y vy
( u x )2 = - ( v x ) 2
u x = v x = 0 u y = v y = 0
u v :
ux
v
= x
-vx u x
= ) f ( z
. : f ( z ) = ( lnr ) - q2 + 2i qlnr
2
2 - iq
( ) e ( lnr + iq
r
2
( ) f ( z ) = ( lnr + iq
r
( ) f ( z .
( ) f ( z .
= )f (z
: .
:
v = 2q ln r
u = ( ln r ) - q2
2
:
u
1
= 2 ln r
r
r
v
1
= 2q
r
r
u
= -2q
q
v
= 2ln r
q
:
u 1 v
=
r r q
1 u
v
r = - r q
.
:
u
2q 2 -i q
v -i q 2
f ( z ) = e - iq
+i
) = e ln r + i = e ( ln r + iq
r
r
r r
. f ( z ) = x 3 + y3 + i x 3 - y3 ) f (1 - i
3 - 3i (
f (1 - i ) (
3 + 3i (
: .
) f ( z:
v=x -y
u=x +y
:
v
= -3y 2
y
u v
=
z = 1 - i y = -1 x = 1"
x y
) f ( z z = 1 - i" .
u
= 3x 2
x

. w = sin 2 y + ix
( .
( .
p
( )
4
y = kp -( .
: .
2
u = sin y , v = x
:
) ( 0 = 0
p
4
y = kp -
p
2
2sin y cos y = -1 sin 2y = -1 2y = 2kp -
u v
x = y
v
u
y = - x
p

4
u y u x v u w
k) y = kp - ( v y v x
:
u
v
w =
+i
=i
x x y = kp - p
4
p

4
y = kp -
.
w
w
2 - i
. ) w = f ( z z = 2 + i
y
x
z = 2 + i

2 + i (
: .
2 - i (
i - 2 (
w u
v
=
+i
x
x
x
2i + 1 (
)w = u ( x , y) + i v ( x , y
w u
v
=
+i
y
y
y
u v
x = y
:

u = - v
y
x
u
w v
u
v
=
-i
= -i
+i
x
y
y
y
y
:
u
v
2 - i = - i
+i

y
y
z = -1 + i
w
= 2 - i z = 2 + i
x
u
v 2 - i
+i
=
= 2i + 1
y
y
-i
w
= 2i + 1
y
ur uq
2
f ( z ) = u ( r, q ) + iv ( r, q ) .
f ( -1 + i ) = v r vq
2
2
(
2
2 (
0 (
1 (
. :
v
u
f ( z ) = e-iq
+i
r
r
r= 2
3p
q=
4
: z = -1 + i
2
f = 2
3ip
4
2
v
u
r + i r = - 2
v
u
(1 + i ) + i = 1
r
r
2
2 u
2
v
-i
+i =
2
2 r
2
r
u v
1
v
=1
=
r
2
r r

u v
u
1
+
=0
=
r 2
r r
:
u 1 v
=
r r q
v
2
=
q
2
1 u v
=
r q r
u
2
=
q
2
:
u r uq
2
1 2 2 1
= u r vq - u q v r =
-
- =
v r vq
2
2
2
2
2

: ) f ( z ) = u ( r, q ) + iv ( r, q:
u 1 v
r = r q

1 u = - v
r
r q
f ( z ) = u 2r + v2r
v
u
f ( z ) = e - iq
+i
r
r
:
2
u r uq
) = u r vq - u q v r = ru 2r + rv r2 = r f ( z
v r vq
=J
:
r= 2
3p
=q
4
2
2
= )f (z
z = -1 + i
f (z) = - 2
:
2
2
2
J = 2
=
2
2
. ) v ( x, y u = x 2 - y 2 + 1 - 4x 2 y 2 v ( 0, 0 ) = 0
) v (1,1
-1 (
) (
2 (
4 (
1 (
: .
u v
x = y

u :
- u = v
y x
v
2
2
2
y = 2 x - y + 1 ( 2x ) - 8xy
v = - 2 x 2 - y 2 + 1 ( -2y ) - 8x 2 y
x
) v = 4x 3 y - 4xy3 + 4xy + A ( x
) v = 4x 3 y - 4xy3 + 4xy + B ( y
((
v
= 4x 3 - 12xy 2 + 4x
y
v
2
3
= 12x y - 4y + 4y
:
3
v = 4x y - 4xy + 4xy + c
v ( 0, 0 ) = 0 c = 0:
v (1,1) = 4 - 4 + 4 = 4
u
u
-i
. u D
x
y
= ) f ( z : D
( .
( .
) (
( .
( .
: .
:
u
- u
2u - 2u
2u 2u
=
+
=0

x2
y2
x 2 y2
x x y y
- u
2u
2u
u
y x = - x y yx = x y
) (u u
C Re ) f ( z D .
: .
u D g:D g ( z ) = u + iv
g :
) g ( z ) = u x + iv x = u x - iu y = f ( z
g D g D .
. f ( z ) = u ( x , y ) + i 3x 2 y - y3 + xy ) f ( i
i + 3 (
2i - 3 (
i - 3 (
-i + 3 (
: .
f ( z ) = u + iv:
u
v v
v
+i
=
+i
x
x y x
v = 3x 2 y - y3 + xy :
= )f (z
) f ( z ) = 3x 2 - 3y 2 + x + i ( 6xy + y
x z

y 0
:
f ( z ) = 3z 2 + z f ( i ) = 3 ( i ) + i = i - 3
2
. ) f ( z u ( x , y ) = e-2xy sin x 2 - y 2 f (1) . :

) (
cos1 - 2i sin1 (
2 cos1 + 2i sin1 (
cos1 - i sin1 (
2 cos1 + i sin1 (
: .
))
sin x 2 - y 2 - 2ye - 2xy cos x 2 - y 2
-2xy
)) - i ( -2xe
= -2ye -2xy sin x 2 - y 2 + 2xe -2xy cos x 2 - y 2
z = 1 y = 0 x = 1:
f (1) = 2 cos1 + 2i sin1
: :
))
u u
-i
x y
= )f (z
- y 2 + i sin x 2 - y 2
( cos ( x
) = e-2xy
))
-y
) = e-2xy ei( x
i x - y + 2ixy
( (
eiz = e
-ieiz = e-2xy sin x 2 - y 2 - i cos x 2 - y 2
-ieiz u u
-e-2xy cos x 2 - y2 ) f ( z :
2
) f (1) = 2ei = 2 ( cos1 + i sin1

z+i
= ) f ( z a
.
1 + iz
a = -1 (
a = 1 (
: .
f ( z ) = -i ( 2iz ) eiz = 2zeiz
a - x 2 - y2
2
+x
a = 2 (
) (1 - y
a = -2 (
x + i ( y + 1) (1 - y ) - ix ( x - xy + xy + x ) + i - x 2 + 1 - y 2
z+i
x + iy + i
=
=
=
1 + iz 1 + i ( x + iy ) (1 - y ) + ix (1 - y ) - ix
(1 - y )2 + x 2
1 - x 2 - y2
(1 - y )2 + x 2

+i
a - x 2 - y2
(1 - y )2 + x 2
2x
(1 - y )2 + x 2
=w
=
:
a =1
. f ( z ) = x - y + i x + y ) f ( 2 + i
1 + i (
2 + i (
1 + 2i (
( .
: .
x + y > 0 x - y > 0 z = 2 + i :
)f (z) = ( x - y) + i ( x + y
u x = 1 , v y = 1
u y = -1 , v x = 1
u x = v y

u y = - v x
v y , v x , u y , u x , v , u
) f ( z :
u v
+i
= 1+ i
x x
= )f (z
. ) u ( x , y ) = e- x ( x sin y - y cos y f ( z ) = u + iv
i (1 - z ) e- z (
i ( z - 1) e- z (
: .
-ize- z (
ize- z (
{ }
u
u
-i
) = -e- x ( x sin y - y cos y ) + e- x ( sin y ) - i e- x ( x cos y - cos y + y sin y
x
y
= )f (z
x z

y 0
:
)f ( z ) = -ie- z ( z - 1
e -z
-e - z
e -z
z -1
f ( z ) = -i - ( z - 1) e - z - e - z = -ie - z {-z + 1 - 1} = ize - z
1
0
. a u ( x , y ) = ax 2 y - y3 + xy ) f ( z
a = -3 (
a (
a = 3 (
: .
f ( z ) = u + iv v,u
:
a =3
( 2a - 6 ) y = 0
( 2ay ) + ( -6y ) = 0
=0
2u
y 2
2u
x 2

. u ( x , y ) = ax 2 y - y3 + xy ) v ( x , y v ( 0, 0 ) = 0
) v (1,1
2 (
3 (
1 (
4 (
: .
2u
2 = 2ay
x
2
3
u = ax y - y + xy
2
u = -6y
y 2
u :
= 0 2ay - 6y = 0 a = 3
2u
y 2
2u
x 2
) v ( x , y:
2
u = 3x y - y + xy
v
y = 6xy + y
v = - 3x 2 - 3y 2 + x = -3x 2 + 3y 2 - x
x
u v
x = y
u = - v
x
y
:
1 2
1
y - x3 - x 2 + c
2
2
v ( 0, 0 ) = 0 c = 0 :
v ( x , y ) = 3xy 2 +
1
1
-1 - = 2
2
2
v (1,1) = 3 +
. ) f ( z Im ( f ( z ) ) = 3x 2 - 4y - 3y 2 f ( 0 ) = 0 f (1) = 0 z ) f ( z

1 - i (
1 + i (
2 - i (
2 + i (
: .
f ( z ) = u + iv:
u
v u
u
+ i
=
-i
x
x x
y
= )f (z
Im ( f ( z ) ) = 3x 2 - 4y - 3y 2 :
v
2
2
) v = x 3 - 4yx - 3y 2 x + A ( y
x = 3x - 4y - 3y
) - u = 3x 2 - 4y - 3y 2 u = - 3x 2 y + 2y 2 + y 3 + B ( x
y
) - 6xy + B ( x ) = - 4x - 6yx + A ( y
ux = vy
:
B ( x ) = - 2x 2 - cx + k
B ( x ) = - 4x - c
1
A ( y ) = cy + k 2
A ( y ) = c
( )
f ( z ) = u + iv = -3x 2 y + 2y 2 + y 3 - 2x 2 - cx + k 1 + i x 3 - 4yx - 3y 2 x + cy + k 2
x z

y0
:
f ( z ) = - 2z 2 + cz + iz 3 + k
f (1) = 0 , f ( 0 ) = 0 :
k = 0 , c = 2 - i f ( z ) = - 2z 2 + ( 2 - i ) z + iz 3
z0
.
z=0
) (
f ( z ) = z z z = 0
0
( .
( .
( .
( .
: .
z 0:
f ( z ) = z ( z ) = reiq ( re-iq ) = reiq r 2 e-2iq = r 3e-iq
2
:
= 0 lim r 3e -iq = 0
r 0, "q
= ) lim f ( z
z 0
z = 0 .
z 0:
u = r 3 cos q
f ( z ) = r 3e-iq = r 3 ( cos q - i sin q )
3
v = -r sin q
:
r ( 3r 2 cos q ) = - r 3 cos q
) -r 3 sin q = -r ( -3r 2 sin q
) ( r = 0.
u v
r r = q
u = - r v
r
q

:
3 - iq
)f ( z ) - f ( 0
r e -0
= lim
= 0 = lim r 2 e-2iq = 0
z-0
z 0
n 0 , "q reiq - 0
r 0
f ( 0 ) = lim
) f ( 0 .
i
w
w
. ) w = f ( z = 1 + 2i z = 2e 4

) (z - z
) (z + z
p
4
z = 2e
1 + 2i (
- (1 + 2i ) (
- (1 - 2i ) (
1 - 2i (
: .
z + z = ( x + iy ) + ( x - iy ) = 2x
z - z = ( x + iy ) - ( x - iy ) = 2iy
w
1 w
w
( z + z ) = ( 2x ) = 2 x
w
1 w
w
=
=
( z - z ) ( 2iy ) 2i y
v
x
u
v
v
u
v
i
=+i
= i
+i
y
x
x
x
x
w
w
=
) (z + z
) (z - z
ip
4
w u
x = x +
w = u + iv
w = u +
y
y
w
w
=i2
) (z - z
) (z + z
2i
w
w
=i
y
x
z = 2e:
w
) = (1 + 2i
) (z - z
w
= 1 + 2i
) (z + z
. f ( z ) = z 2 eiz ) f ( z | z | 1
1 (
: .
e (
e2 (
1
(
e
) f(z ) f ( z
f ( z ) = z 2 eiz " | z | 1 . ) f ( z
| z |= 1 :
) i x +iy
(e
=| z |2 eix e - y
f ( z ) = z 2 eiz = z 2
eiz = z
= | z | 2 cos x + i sin x e- y
:
cos x + i sin x = 1
| z |= 1 e- y e1 max ) f ( z (1) (1) e1 = e .

2
ez
. c z = 1 dz
z
p e (
pe
(
2

pe
(
4
2p e (
: .
L c M c f ( z ) < M:
f ( z ) dz ML
c
z = 1 :
e x +i y
e x ei y
ez
=
=
= ex < e
z
z
z
eiy = cos y + i sin y = 1 z = 1 x 1

e x < e.
c z = 1 p :
ez
dz < p e
z
. iz - 2 z 2
0, 4 (
1, 4 (
0 , 12 (
1, 12 (
: .
iz - 2 z 2
iz - 2 z 2 z = 2 .
y 2 + 4y + 4 + x 2
= ( - y - 2 )2 + x 2
= iz - 2 = i ( x + iy ) - 2 = ( - y - 2 ) + ix

z = 2 x 2 + y 2 = 4 i z - 2 = 8 + 4 y z = 2 -2 y +2
:
Max iz - 2 = 4
z 2
Min iz - 2 = 0
. f ( z ) = a sin 2 z + cosh bz ) f ( z a + b
2+2 i (
1-i (
2-2i (
1+ i (
: .
f ( z ) = a sin 2 z + cos h b z
) f ( z :
f ( z ) = 0 a sin 2z + b sin h b z = 0 a sin 2z - i b sin i b z = 0
b = -2i
a=2
a = i b
a sin 2z = ib sin ib z
2z = i bz
. z5 + 3z 2 + 1 = 0 :
1 (
2 (
3 (
: .
f ( z ) = 3z 2 g ( z ) = z + 1 .
5
z0 + z1 z0 + z1:
g ( z ) = z5 + 1 z 5 + 1
) z = 1 ( :
g (z) 1+1 = 2
z = 1:
f ( z ) = 3z 2 = 3 z 2 = 3
) f ( z ) > g ( z ) f ( z
) z = 0 ( f ( z ) + g ( z ) = z5 + 3z 2 + 1
z < 1 .
z5 + 3z 2 + 1 = 0
z 1 .
. g , f g ) "z : f ( z ) g ( z:
g ( z ) 0 (
$k : f ( z ) = kg ( z ) (
f ( z ) 0 (
f ( z ) g ( z ) (
) (
: .
g ( z ) 0 z
)f (z
)g (z
= ) . h ( z h g , f
) f ( z ) < g ( z h ( z ) < 1 h h
.
:
) h ( z ) = k f ( z ) = kg ( z
) (
. C 1 + i 3 + 2i Re z10 dz
$k
= I
:
10 13 5 (
10 13 5 (
5 13 5 (
5 13 5 (
: .
L C C f ( z ) M
:
f ( z ) dz ML
C
:
cos10q
C r 3 + 2i 13
)=r
10
) = Re ( r
10 10iq
f ( z ) = Re ( z
10
:
cos10q 1
2
2
: L = ( 2 - 1) + ( 3 - 1) = 5
:
I 5 13 5
. sin 2 + 2e iq d q
6
p
(
4
: .
2p
0
p
(
2
()
10
13

p
(
6
0 (
((
Re ( z10 ) dz
C
) f ( z z - z 0 = R :
f z 0 + Re i q dq
2p
0
1
2p
) (
= f z0
:
p
R=2
6
p
) f ( z = 2
6
= z 0 f ( z ) = sin 2 z
z :2
p
p
p
1
= sin 2 + 2e iq dq = 2p sin 2 = 2p
2
6
6
2
. z 2 + 4 z 1
(
2p
0
) (
(
: .
:
f ) f ( z .
f ) f ( z .
f ( z ) = z 2 + 4 z 1 f ( z ) = 0
z = 2i z 1 ) f ( z z 2 + 4
) z = 1 ( . .
. z 4 + 1 = 0 D
2
sin z D
p
(
2
cosh 2
1
1
+ sinh 2 (
2
2
) (
2
(
2
cosh 2
2
2
+ sinh 2
(
2
2
sin 2
: .
z4 + 1 = 0
2
) (1 + i
2
2
) ( -1 + i
2
2
) ( -1 - i
2
2
) (1 - i
2
2
= sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y
ip
= e4
p
3i 4
=
e
=
p
5i
e
= 4
7i p
= e 4
2kp+p
4
=e
1
i p+ 2kp ) 4
(e
= sin x cos iy + cos x sin iy
1
4
= )z = ( -1
) = sin ( x + iy
sin z
= sin 2 x cosh 2 y + cos 2 x sinh 2 y = sin 2 x sinh 2 y + 1 + cos 2 x sinh 2 y = sinh 2 y + sin 2 x
sin z sin z D
.
2
2
2
2
2
y
sin 2
sin 2 xx

2
2
2
2
2
2
sinh 2 :
sinh 2 y
2
2
2
2
max sin z = sinh 2
+ sin 2
2
2
.
( .
( .
( u v f ( z ) = u + iv .
(
: .
f ( z ) = ez :
f ( 0 ) = e0 = 1 , f ( ip ) = eip = -1
f ( 0 ) f ( ip ) < 0 z f ( z ) = 0
f ( z ) = eiz - 1 ) f ( z
f ( 0 ) = f ( 2p ) = 0
z ) f ( z ) = 0 f ( z ) = ieiz (.
u = v = x u v f ( z ) = u + iv
u x = v y
f ( z ) = x + ix
u y = - v x
u v u v
. +
f ( z ) = + + i u v u
y x x y
:
2 v
= 0 (
x y
2 v 2 v
2 + 2 =0
y
x
(
2 v
x y = 0
2 v 2 v
2 - 2 =0
y
x
P
(
2
v
x y = 0
2 v 2 v
2 - 2 =0
y
x
(
2
u
x y = 0
. z 2 - z | z | 1 :
0 (
2 (
) (
2 + 1 (
P 2 (
. csec2z = i .
r = 1 + 2
r = 2 - 1
p
( 1 + 2
1- 2
(
2
q = 0
q = p
(
( P
2 - 1 + kp +
2u
2u
2u
+
. = 1

z z
x2
y2
1 (
4 (
i
z = - ln
2

1
(
4
-1 (

u u = e-2x ( x cos 2y + y sin 2y ) .
e-2x ( y cos 2y + x sin 2y ) (
-e-2x ( y cos 2y + x sin 2y ) (
-e-2x ( y cos 2y - x sin 2y ) (
P e-2x ( y cos 2y - x sin 2y ) (
(
(y
)
) (
u = x 4 + ax 2 y 2 + by 4 .
4xy y 2 - x 2 (
4x 2 y 2
- x2
(
(x
)
) (
P 4xy x 2 - y 2 (
4x 2 y 2
( )
- y2
.
P u = x 3 - 3y 2 x + cosh y cos x (
u=e
u = x 2 + y 2 + x (
u = x 2 - y2
- x 2 + y2
x 2 + y 2 (
2 -i
.
( 1 + i )
p
p
) (
2e 4 cos ln
) (
P 2e 4 sin ln
2e 2 cos ln
2e 2 sin ln
r ( - sin q ln r + q cos q ) (
) (
) (
u = r ( cos q ln r - q sin q ) .
P r ( sin q ln r + q cos q ) (
r ( sin q ln r - q cos q ) (

p
(
2
-r ( sin q ln r - q cos q ) (
z =1
3p
(
2
(x
+ iy 4 dz .
p (
P 2p (
a 5 + b 5 z 2 - 2z + 4 = 0 a , b .
2 6 (
P 2 5 (
-2 6 (
-2 5 (
v ( p + 1, ln 2 ) v (1, 0 ) = 0 u v u = sin ( x - 1) sinh y .

-
13
(
4
P -
9
(
4
5
(
4
1
(
4
. )
Re z 2 + 3z
) Im ( z
lim
z0
1 (
0 (
( P .
3 (
z
q
1
p
. ) r = f ( q ( r, q ) = 4, = -
z
r
2
4
z = reiq
2 (
2
2 + i
2

2
+

2
2 + i 2 (

2

2
P
+
2
2 (
2
2 + i
2

2
2 + i 2 (

2

. u ( x, y ) = 3xy + x - 2y ) v ( x, y ) u ( x, y v ( 0, 0 ) = 1 ) v (1,1
2 (
1 (
3 (
P 4 (
. ) f ( z ) = x 2 y - y 2 + iv ( x, y ) f (1 + 2i
4 + 3i (
4 - 3i (
( v .
f ( z ) ( P .
. 2z 5 - 3z 3 + z + 8 1 < z < 2
1 (
.
- z2
z2
0 (
3 (
4 (
5 ( P
lim
z0
1
(
2
1 (
u u
v v
+a
. ) f ( z ) = u ( r, q ) + iv ( r, q
r q
r q
P 1 (
) (
-1 (
1
r2
( P .
a
(
-1
2

x 2 y ( x + iy ) z 0
.
f ( z ) = z = 0
z=0
0
( P .
( .
( .
(
. f ( z ) = u + iv u 2 + v 2 :
f = 0 (
P f = k (
2z + 3
.
z
f = az + b (
= ) f ( z z 0 x, y :
( .
(
2
r
P -2 + 2i (
( .
( P
. f ( z ) = u ( r, q ) + iv ( r, q ) , u ( r, q ) = r 2 cos 2q - cos q ) f ( z z = i
2 + 2i (
2 - 2i (
-2 - 2i (
2z - 1
Im
. 0
z -1
(
( P
(
(
. z iz
( z .
p
( z
2
. 0 t p 3 e it
p (
3
2
P .
( z .
( z p.
z ( t ) = 5i + )
2 3 p (
-1
3 p (
= (i
P
p (
3
4

Riyazi Mohandesi PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Riyazi Mohandesi PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Download from www.mec-poro.blogfa.

Download from www.mec-poro.blogfa.com

Download from www.mec-poro.blogfa.com

h (x) = f (x) + g(x) = c 0 +

: 0 < x < 2p f ( x ) = sin x :

-p < x < p f ( x ) = x sin nx

( -1) n -1 sin nx sin x

sin 2x + cos 2x + x + sin 4x

0 < x < 2p f ( x ) = e sin x

f ( x ) = e sin x ; 0 < x < 2p -2p < x < 0

sin 2x , -p < x < - 2

sin 2x cos 2xdx +

sin 2x sin 2xdx +

sin 2x cos 2xdx

sin 2x sin 2xdx

( x - a sin px - b sin 2px - g sin 3px )2 dx

0 < x < 2p cos3 x :

= cos 3x = 4 cos3 x - 3cos x cos3 x

sin 3 x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x :

< 0 < x sin x :

f ( x ) = cos 2x 0 < x < p

cos 2x 0 < x < p :

( 2 cos np - 1) cos npx

( x + 1) ; 0 < x < 1 -1 < x < 0

cos nx + cos n + x + cos n - x dx

cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x

8 sin x sin 3x sin 5x

( np)2 ( -1)n cos

: f ( x ) = x sin x , - p < x < p

( -1) n cos n + 1 q + c ln cos q = a 0 + ( -1) n cos n + 1 q

f 2L x 1 < x 2 < K < x n

f x 1 < x 2 < K < x n F1 , F2 ,K , Fn :

f 2,1, -1, -2 -1, -1,1,1 ) f -3

: cos hx cos npx

cos hx sin npx sin hx cos npx

sin h1( -1)

( a 0 n cos ny + b 0 n sin ny ) + 2 ( a m0 cos mx + c m0 sin mx )

( a mn cos mx cos ny + b mn cos mx sin ny + c mn sin mx cos ny + d mn sin mx sin ny )

) f ( x, y 0 < x < L 0 < y < K

. f ( x, y ) = xy 0 < x < p 0 < y < p

xy sin nx sin my dxdy

cos x 0 < x < p

cos x 0 < x < p

-1 cos ( w + 1) x cos ( w - 1) x p -1 cos ( wp + p ) cos ( wp - p )

cos x 0 < x < 2

cos x 0 < x < 2

( 0 ) sin wxdx = - 1 cos wx

e -ax cos wx dx = 2 ( L ( cos wx ) )

f ( x ) = -2axe -ax = -2axf ( x ) F ( f ( x ) ) = F ( -2axf ( x ) ) iwF ( w) = -2ai

e-at sin bt sin wt dt = -2i ( L ( sin bt sin wt ) )

= -2i L ( cos ( b - w) t - cos ( b + w) t )

-2p < x < 2p ( f ( x ) = sin x

1 - cos 2x cos 3x + 3cos x 1

) = 8 ( cos 3x + 3cos x - cos 2x cos 3x - 3cos 2x cos x

= cos 3x + 3cos x - ( cos 5x + cos x ) - ( cos 3x + cos x ) = cos x - cos 3x - cos 5x

e-2x cos ( -wx ) d ( - x ) +

Arc tan x sin tx dx

(1) sin wxdx +

F ( xf ( x - 3) ) = i e-3iw F ( w) = i -3ie-3iw F ( w) + e-3iw F ( w) = ie-3iw ( F ( w) - 3iF ( w) )

2 (1) -iw 2 ( -1) + iw 2

. n 2 cos 2nx + n sin 2nx

f ( aw) cos wxdw (

. f ( x ) = cos x , 0 < x < p