Giao An Day Them Toan 9 Chuan

Ngy dy: ..
CN BC HAI. CN THC BC HAI V HNG NG THC A2 A

A./ Kin thc c bn:
1. Cn bc hai
- nh ngha: Cn bc hai ca s thc a l s x sao cho x2 = a
- Ch :
+ Mi s thc a > 0, c ng 2 cn bc hai l 2 s i nhau: s dng: a , s m: a
+ S 0 c cn bc hai l chnh n: 0 0
+ S thc a < 0 khng c cn bc hai (tc a khng c ngha khi a < 0)
2. Cn bc hai s hc
- nh ngha: Vi a 0 th s x a c gi l cn bc hai s hc ca a. S 0 cng c
gi l cn bc hai s hc ca 0
- Ch : Vic tm cn bc hai s hc ca 1 s khng m c gi l php khai phng
- nh l: Vi a, b > 0, ta c:
+ Nu a < b a b
+ Nu a b a < b
3. Cn thc bc hai
- Cho A l 1 biu thc th biu thc A c gi l cn thc bc hai ca A ; A c gi l
biu thc ly cn hay biu thc di du cn
- A c ngha (hay xc nh hay tn ti) A 0
4. Hng ng thc A2 A
- nh l : Vi mi s thc a, ta c : a 2 a
- Tng qut : Vi A l biu thc, ta c :
A nu A 0
-A nu A<0
A2 A
B./ Bi tp p dng
Dng 1 : Tm cn bc hai, cn bc hai s hc
* Phng php :
- Vit s cho di dng bnh phng ca mt s
- Tm cn bc hai s hc ca s cho
- Xc nh cn bc hai ca s cho
Bi 1 : Tm cn bc hai ca cc s sau : 121 ; 144 ; 324 ;
1
; 3 2 2
64
LG
+ Ta c CBHSH ca 121 l : 121 112 11 nn CBH ca 121 l 11 v -11
+ CBHSH ca 144 l : 144 122 12 nn CBH ca 121 l 12 v -12
+ CBHSH ca 324 l : 324 182 18 nn CBH ca 324 l 18 v -18
1
+ CBHSH ca
l :
64
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
nn CBH ca
l v
64
8
8
64
8
8
+ Ta c : 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1(vi 2 1 0) nn CBH ca 3 2 2 l
2
v 2 1
Dng 2 : So snh cc cn bc hai s hc
* Phng php :
2 1
- Xc nh bnh phng ca hai s

- So snh cc bnh phng ca hai s
- So snh gi tr cc CBHSH ca cc bnh phng ca hai s
Bi 2 : So snh
a) 2 v 3
b) 7 v 47
c) 2 33 v 10
d) 1 v 3 1
e) 3 v 5- 8
g) 2 11 v 3 5
LG
a) V 4 > 3 nn 4 3 2 3
b) V 49 > 47 nn 49 47 7 47
c) V 33 > 25 nn 33 25 33 5 2 33 10
d) V 4 > 3 nn 4 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 1
e) * Cch 1: Ta c:
3 2
3 8 5 3 5 8
8 3
* Cch 2: gi s
3 5 8 3 8 5
3 8
52 3 2 24 8 25
2 24 14 24 7 24 49
Bt ng thc cui cng ng do bt ng thc u tin ng

g) Ta c:
2 3
2 11 3 5
11 5
Dng 3: Tm iu kin cn thc xc nh:

Bi 3: Tm iu kin ca x cc biu thc sau xc nh
a)
2
1
x
3
5
b) x 2 2
c)
1 x
2x 3
LG
cc cn thc trn c ngha th
a)
2
1
2
1
3
x 0 x x
3
5
3
5
10
b) Ta c: x 2 2 0, x x 2 2 xc nh vi mi x
1 x 0
1 x 0
1 x
0
hoc
2x 3
2x 3 0
2x 3 0
x 1
1 x 0
3
+ Vi
3 x
2
2x 3 0
x 2
c)
x 1
1 x 0
+ Vi
3 x 1
2x 3 0
x 2
3
Vy cn thc xc nh nu x hoc x 1
2
5
3x 5 0
3x 5 0 x
3 x4
d) 2
x40 x 4
x 4 0
Dng 4 : Rt gn biu thc

Bi 4: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
A xc nh A 0
d ) 3x 5
2
x4
a) A 4 2 3 4 2 3
b) B 6 2 5 6 2 5
a) Cch 1 : A
Cch 2 :
b) B
c) C 9 x 2 2 x ( x 0)
d) D x 4 16 8 x x 2 ( x 4)
LG
3 1
3 1
3 1 3 1 2 3
A2 4 2 3 4 2 3 2 (4 2 3).(4 2 3) 8 2 16 12 8 2.2 12
A2 3
5 1
5 1
5 1 5 1 2 5
c) C 3x 2 x 3x 2 x 3x 2 x 5 x (vi x 0)
2
d) D x 4 16 8 x x 2 x 4 (4 x) 2 x 4 4 x x 4 x 4 2( x 4) (vi x 4)
Dng 5 : Tm Min, Max
Bi 5 : Tm Min
a) y x 2 2 x 5
x2 x
1
4 6
b) y
LG
a) Ta c : x 2 x 5 ( x 1) 4 4 x 2 x 5 4 2
vy Miny = 2. du = xy ra khi v ch khi x 1 = 0 => x = 1
2
x2 x
35 35
x2 x
35
35
x 1
b) Ta c :
4 6
36 36
4 6
36
6
2 6
x 1
x 1
1
35
vy Miny =
. Du = xy ra khi v ch khi 0 x
2 6
2 6
3
6
**************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
VN DNG CC H THC V CNH V NG CAO
TRONG TAM GIC VUNG
A./ Kin thc c bn
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH sao cho ta c :
AH h, BC a, AB c, AC b, BH c ' , CH b ' khi :
1) b 2 a.b' ;
c 2 a.c '
2) h 2 b' .c '
3) b.c a.h
1
1 1
4) 2 2 2
h
b c
2
5) a b 2 c 2 ( Pitago)
b
c
c'
b'
C
H
a
B./ Bi tp p dng
Bi 1 : Tm x, y trong cc hnh v sau
a)
+ ta c :
BC AB 2 AC 2 ( Pitago)
BC 42 62 52 7, 21
+ p dng nh l 1 :
AB 2 BC.BH 42 52.x x 2, 22
Hay y = BC x = 7,21 2,22 = 4,99

x
AC 2 BC.CH 62 52. y y 4,99
y
C
b)
- Xt tam gic ABC vung ti A. p dng

nh l 1 ta c :
AC 2 BC.CH 122 18. y y 8

x BC y 18 8 10
12
y
C
H
18
c)
* Cch 1 :
AH2 = BH.CH = 4.9 = 36 => AH = 6
Theo Pitago cho cc tam gic vung AHB;
AHC ta c:
x BH 2 AH 2 42 62 52
4
9
H
y CH 2 AH 2 62 92 117
C
* Cch 2: p dng nh l 1 ta c:
AB 2 BC.BH ( BH CH ).BH (4 9).4 52
AB 52 x 52
AC 2 BC.CH ( BH CH ).CH (4 9).9 117
AC 117 y 117
d)
p dng nh l 2, ta c:
AH 2 BH .CH x 2 3.7 21 x 21
p dng nh l 1. ta c :
AC 2 BC.CH ( BH CH ).CH
y
x
y 2 (3 7).7 70 y 70
7
C
e)
( y x 2 CH 2 21 49 70)
Theo Pitago, ta c :
BC AB 2 AC 2 y 132 17 2 458
p dng nh l 3, ta c :
13
AB. AC BC. AH
17
13.17 458.x x
B
221
10,33
458
H
y
g)
p dng nh l 2, ta c :
AH 2 BH .CH 52 4.x x
Theo Pitago cho tam gic AHC vung ti H,

ta c :
y
5
y AH 2 CH 2 52 6, 252 8
52
6, 25
4
( DL1: y 2 BC.x (4 6, 25).6, 25 y 8)
Bi 2 : Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c cc cnh gc vung AB = 15cm, AC = 20cm.

T C k ng vung gc vi cnh huyn, ng ny ct ng thng AB ti D. Tnh AD
v CD
LG
900 , CA BD . Theo nh l 3, ta
D
BCD, C
c : CA2 AB. AD 202 15. AD AD
x
Theo Pitago trong tgic ACD vung ti A, ta

2
80
100
c : CD AD CA 202
3
3
A
20
15
B
80
3
Bi 3: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 60cm, AD = 32cm. T D k ng thng vung

gc vi ng cho AC, ng thng ny ct AC ti E v AB ti F. Tnh di EA, EC,
ED, FB, FD
LG
Xt tam gic ADC vung ti D, ta c: AC AD 2 CD 2 322 602 68
AD 2 322 256
Theo nh l 1: AD AC. AE AE
AC
68
17
2
60
Theo nh l 1, ta c:
CD 2 AC.CE CE
E
32
CD 2 602 900
AC
68
17
Theo nh l 2, ta c:
D
DE AE.EC ...
480
17
AD 2
544
...
DE
15
256
256
644
FB AB AF 60
Theo Pitago: AF DF 2 AD 2 ....

15
15
15
Xt tam gic DAF, theo nh l 1: AD 2 DF .DE DF
Bi 4: Cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi E l mt im nm gia A, B. Tia DE v tia CB ct

nhau F. K ng thng qua D vung gc vi DE, ng thng ny ct ng thng BC
ti G. Chng minh rng:
a) Tam gic DEG cn
b) Tng
1
1
khng i khi E chuyn ng trn AB

2
DE
DF 2
LG
D
(cng ph vi D
)
a) Ta c: D
1
3
2
xt ADE v CDG ta c :
1
D
AD DC ( gt )
D1 D3 cmt ADE CDG g .c.g
A C 900
DE DG DEG cn ti D
1
1
b) v DE = DG
2
DE
DG 2
1
1
1
1
ta c :
2
2
2
DE
DF
DG
DF 2
xt tam gic DGF vung ti D, ta c :

1
1
1
(nh l 4)
2
2
CD
DG
DF 2
1
V
khng i khi E chuyn ng trn AB,
CD 2
1
1
1
1
suy ra tng
khng i
2
2
2
DE
DF
DG
DF 2
khi E thay i trn AB

*******************************************************
Ngy day: ..
CC PHP TNH V CN BC HAI
A./ Kin thc c bn :
1. khai phng mt tch. Nhn cc cn bc hai
a) nh l : a; b 0, ta c: a.b = a. b
b) Quy tc khai phng mt tch : Mun khai phng mt tch cc s khng m, ta c th
khai phng tng tha s ri nhn cc kt qu vi nhau ( a; b 0, ta c: a.b = a. b )
c) Quy tc nhn cc cn bc hai : Mun nhn cc CBH ca cc s khng m, ta c th
nhn cc s di du cn vi nhau ri khai phng kt qu ( a; b 0: a. b = a.b )
d) Ch :
- Vi A > 0 ta c :
A2 A
- Nu A, B l cc biu thc : A; B 0 ta c: A.B A. B

- M rng : A.B.C A. B . C ( A, B, C 0)
2. Khai phng mt thng. Chia cc cn bc hai
a) nh l : a 0, b 0 ta c:
a
a
=
.
b
b
b) Quy tc khai phng mt thng : Mun khai phng mt thng
a
, trong s a
b
khng m v s b dng, ta c th ln lt khai phng s a v s b, ri ly kt qu th

nht chia cho kt qu th hai ( a 0, b 0 ta c:
a
a
=
.)
b
b
c) Quy tc chia hai CBH : Mun chia CBH ca s a khng m cho s b dng, ta c th
chia s a cho s b ri khai phng kt qu ( a 0, b 0 :
a
a
=
)
b
b
A
A
=
B
B
d) Ch : Nu A, B l biu thc : A 0, B 0 :
B./ Bi tp p dng :
Dng 1 : Tnh
Bi 1 : Thc hin php tnh
2
24 1
49 81 1
7 9 1
a ) 1 .5 .0, 01
. .
. .
25 16
25 16 100
5 4 10
7 9 1
63
. .
5 4 10 200
b) 2, 25.1, 46 2, 25.0, 02 2, 25(1, 46 0, 02) 2, 25.1, 44 (1,5.1, 2) 2 1,5.1, 2 1,8

25 169
(5.13) 2 5.13 13
.
10 10
102
10
2
c) 2,5.16,9
d ) 117,52 26,52 1440 (117,5 26,5).(117,5 26,5) 1440 144.91 144.10

144(91 10) 144.81 (12.9) 2 108
Dng 2 : Rt gn cc biu thc

Bi 2 : Tnh gi tr cc biu thc
a ) A 0,1 0,9 6, 4 0, 4 44,1
1
9
64
4
441
10
10
10
10
10
1
3
8
2
2
35 35 10 7 10
10
2
10
10
10
10
10
10
b) B
c) C
2 3 7
2 3 7
6 14
2
2
2 3 28
2 32 7
2( 3 7)
3 5 4 3 3 5 4 3
3 5 3 5
4 3 4 3
4 3 4 3
12 3 3 4 5 15 12 3 3 4 5 15 24 2 15
16 3
13
Bi 3 : Rt gn cc biu thc
2
a) 9 x 5 x 5 3 x 5 3 x 5
b) x 2 . x 2 x 0 x . x 2 x 2 x x x 2
2
c)
d)
108 x 3
12 x
x 0
13 x 4 y 6
208 x 6 y 6
108 x 3
9 x 2 3 x 3x
12 x
13 x 4 y 6
1
1
1
1
x 0; y 0
6 6
2
208 x y
16 x
4 x 4 x 4 x
Dng 3 : Chng minh

Bi 4 : Chng minh cc biu thc sau
a ) 6 35 . 6 35 1
VT (6 35).(6 35) 36 35 1 VP
b) 9 17 . 9 17 8
VT (9 17).(9 17) 81 17 64 8 VP
c)
2 1 9 8
VT 2 2 2 1 3 2 2
VT VP
VP 3 2 .2 3 2 2
2
d)
4 3
49 48
VT 4 2 12 3 7 2 22.3 7 4 3
VT VP
VP 7 42.3 7 4 3
e) 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 2
6 6 9
VT 4 2 6 6 1 4 2 8 6 6 9 VP
g ) 8 2 15 8 2 15 2 3
VT
5 2.
5 2. 5. 3 3 5 3
3 5 3 5 3 2 3 VP
2
5. 3 3
5 3
5 3
Dng 4 : Gii phng trnh

Bi 5 : Gii cc phng trnh sau
a ) 2 2 x 5 8 x 7 18 x 28
1 2
dk : x 0
2 x 5.2. 2 x 7.3. 2 x 28 13 2 x 28 2 x
28
784
392
2x
x
tm
13
169
169
1
9 x 45 4 2
3
1
2 4( x 5) x 5 9( x 5) 4 dk : x 5 0 x 5
3
1
2 x 5 x 5 .3 x 5 4 2 x 5 4 x 5 2 x 5 4 x 9 tm
3

2
x
3x 2 0
3

2
3x 2
x 1 0
x 1 x
3x 2
3
c)
3
(3) k :
3x 2 0
x 1
2
x 1

x
x 1

3
x 1 0
x 1

3x 2
11
9 ... 6 x 11 x
Ta c (3)
tha mn
x 1
6
4
5x 4 0
4
x
5x 4
d)
2 (4) k :
5 x
5
x2
x20
x 2
b) 4 x 20 x 5
(4) 5 x 4 2 x 2 5 x 4 4 x 2 ..... x 12 tha mn
Bi tp : (bt ng thc Cauchy) : Cho 2 s a v b khng m. Chng minh rng

ab
ab . Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?
2
LG
* Cch 1 :
+ v a 0; b 0 a ; b xc nh
+ ta c :
a b
0 a 2 ab b 0 a b 2 ab
ab
ab
2
+ du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a = b

* Cch 2 : ta c
a b
0 a 2 2ab b 2 0 a 2 b 2 2ab a 2 2ab b 2 4ab
a b 4ab a b 2 ab
2
ab
ab
2
*******************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
T S LNG GIC CA GC NHN
A. Kin thc c bn
1. nh ngha : Cho ABC (00 900 ) ta nh ngha cc t s gia cc cnh AB, BC,
CA ca tam gic ABC vung ti A nh sau :
AC
;
BC
AC
tg
;
AB
sin
AB
BC
AB
cot g
AC
cos
Huyn
i
* Nhn xt : t nh ngha ta thy :
+ t s lng gic ca 1 gc nhn lun dng

1
+ cot g tg ; tg .cot g 1
+ 0 < sin, cos < 1
2. T s lng gic ca 2 gc ph nhau

- nh l : nu 2 gc ph nhau th sin gc ny bng cosin gc kia, tg gc ny bng cotg
sin cos ;
tg cot g ;
gc kia. Tc : nu 900 th ta c :
3. Bng cc t s lng gic ca cc gc c bit
300
cos sin
cot g tg
450
600
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
T s lng gic
Sin
1
2
Cos
3
2
tg
1
3
Cotg
1
3
* Nhn xt :
- Da vo bng trn ta thy :
sin 1 sin 2 ; tg1 tg 2
.
cos 1 cos 2 ; cot g1 cot g 2
0
0
vi 0 1; 2 90 v 1 2
Tc l :
+ gc ln hn th c sin ln hn, nhng li c cosin nh hn
+ gc ln hn th c tg ln hn, nhng li c cotg nh hn
Hay ta c th pht biu : 00 900 th :
+ sin v tg ng bin vi gc
+ cosin v cotg nghch bin vi gc
4. Cc h thc c bn
sin
;
cos
cos
2 cotg ;
sin
tg
tg.cot g 1;
sin 2 cos 2 1
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1 : Cho bit sin = 0,6. Tnh cos, tg v cotg
+ ta c: sin 2 cos 2 1 cos 1 sin 2 1 0, 62 0,8
sin
0, 6
+ tg cos 0,8 4 ;
Bi 2:
1. Chng minh rng:
a ) tg 2 1
cotg
cos 0,8 4
sin 0, 6 3
1
1
; b) cotg 2 1
; c) cos 4 sin 4 2 cos 2 1
2
2
cos
sin
2. p dng: tnh sin, cos, cotg, bit tg = 2
LG
1. a) ta c:
sin
sin 2
sin 2
2
tg 2
tg
1
cos
cos 2
cos 2
sin 2 cos 2
1
tg 2 1
2
cos
cos 2
cos 2
cos 2 sin 2
1
2
VP
b) VT cot g 1 2 1
2
sin
sin
sin 2
tg
c)
VT cos 4 sin 4 cos 2 sin 2 . cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin 2
cos 2 1 cos 2 cos 2 1 cos 2 2 cos 2 1 VP
2. Ta c:
tg 2 nn a 22 1
1
tg 2 cotg ;
2
1
1
1
cos 2 cos
;
2
cos
5
5
1
1
5
4
2 5
1
b 1
sin 2 sin
2
2
sin
sin 4
5
5
2
Bi 3: Bit tg = 4/3. Tnh sin, cos, cotg

LG
+ ta c: tg = 4/3 nn cotg =
+ m tg 2 1
1
9
3
cos 2
cos ;
2
cos
25
5
2
3
4
+ mt khc: sin cos 1 sin 1 co s 1
5
5
Bi 4: Dng gc trong cc trng hp sau:
1
2
a ) sin ;
b) cos ;
c) tg 3;
2
3
2
d ) cot g 4
LG
a)* Cch dng
- dng gc xOy = 900 . Ly on thng lm
n v
- trn Oy ly im B sao cho OB = 1
- v cung trn tm B, bn knh bng 2, cung
ny ct Ox ti A
- ni A vi B BAO cn dng
* Chng minh:
- ta c: sin sin BAO
OB 1
pcm
AB 2
B
2
b)* Cch dng

n v
- trn Ox ly im A sao cho OA = 2
- v cung trn tm A, bn knh bng 3, cung
ny ct Oy ti B
- ni A vi B BAO cn dng
* Chng minh:
- ta c: cos cos BAO
tg tg OBA
y
B
OA 2
pcm
AB 3
c) * Cch dng
n v
OBA cn dng
* Chng minh: - tht vy, ta c:
OA 3
3 pcm
OB 1
1
O
d) * Cch dng
n v
OAB cn dng
* Chng minh: - tht vy, ta c:
cotg cotg OAB
B
1
OA 4
4 pcm
OB 1
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 5; BC = 12; AC = 13

a) CMR tam gic ABC vung
b) Tm t s lng gic ca gc A v gc C
LG
2
2
2
2
2
2
a) Ta c: AB BC 12 5 169 13 AC AB 2 BC 2 AC 2
theo nh l Pytago o, suy ra tam gic ABC vung ti B
b)
A
- v A C 900 A; C l 2 gc ph
nhau
- do :
5
12
;
13
12
tgA cot gC ;
5
5
13
5
cot gA tgC
12
sin A cos C
13
cos A sin C
C
B
12
*********************************************************
Ngy dy: .
BIN I N GIN BIU THC CHA CN THC BC HAI
A. Kin thc c bn
1. a tha s ra ngoi du cn
A B ( A 0; B 0)
A2 B A B
A B ( A 0; B 0)
2. a tha s vo trong du cn
A 0; B 0 : A B A2 B
A 0; B 0 : A B A2 B
3. Kh mu ca biu thc ly cn : A.B 0; B 0 :

4. Trc cn thc mu
a) B 0 :
A
A B
B
B
b) A 0; A B 2 :
C A mB
C
A B2
AB
A.B
B
C
C
A B
c) A, B 0; A B :
Am B
A B
* Ch :
- cc cn bc hai ng dng l cc cn bc hai c cng biu thc di du cn
- biu thc lin hp: 2 biu thc cha cn thc c gi l lin hp vi nhau nu tch ca
chng khng cha cn thc
- quy tc trc cn thc mu: mun trc cn thc mu ca 1 biu thc ta nhn t v
mu ca biu thc vi biu thc lin hp ca mu
B. Bi tp p dng
Dng 1: a nhn t ra ngoi, vo trong du cn
Bi 1: a nhn t ra ngoi du cn
a ) 125 x x 0
5x
.5 x 5 x 5 x
b) 80 y 4
4y
2 2
c) 5 1 2
.5 4 y 2 5
1 2 . 5
d ) 27 2 5
2 1
g)
3 10
5 1 3
3 10
5 1 3
2 5 0
2 10 3
2 10 3
2
2
10 9
10 3 10 3 . 10 3
5 2 .3. 3
2
2 0
2 5 . 3.32
e)
3 1
2
30
Bi 2: a tha s vo trong du cn v so snh

a) 3 5 v 5 3
ta c:
3 5 32.5 45
do 75 45 75 45 5 3 3 5
5 3 5 .3 75
2
b) 4 3 v 3 5
ta c:
4 3 42.3 48
do 48 45 48 45 4 3 3 5
3 5 32.5 45
c) 7 2 v 72
ta c: 7 2 7 2.2 98 do 98 72 98 72 7 2 72
d) 5 7 v 4 8
ta c:
10 3
5 7 52.7 175
do 175 128 175 128 5 7 4 8
4 8 4 .8 128
2
Bi 3: a nhn t vo trong du cn v rt gn
2a
a 2
a2
a) 2 a
2a a 2
2 a 0
x
0 x 5
25 x 2
x 5 x
x 5 x
5 x . 5 x
x 5 0
5 x
3a
0 a b
b a2
c) a b
2a a 2
a2
b) x 5
3a a b
b a
2
3a b a
3a b a
b a . b a
a b 0
b a
Dng 2: Thc hin php tnh v rt gn biu thc

Bi 4: Thc hin php tnh
a ) 125 4 45 3 20 80 ... 5 5 12 5 6 5 4 5 5 5
b) 2
27
48 2 75
3
4
2 5
7
... 2.
3
3 .
3 ...
3
4
9 5 16
2
3
5 4
6
c) 2
9
49
25
3 1
1 5 1
7 1
7 2
... 2. .
7.
.
...
.
8
2
18
2 2
3
6
2 3 2
2
d ) 5 20 3 12 15
1
4 27
5
52 4 2 5.2 5 3.2 3 15.
10 5 6 3 3 5 12 3
5 4 . 5 4
9 13 5 18 3 3 13 5 17 3
2 3
e) 7 4 3 28 10 3
1
5 4.3 3
5
5 3
2 3 5 3 7
Bi 5: Rt gn biu thc vi gi thit cc biu thc ch u c ngha

a)
x xy y
b)
c)
x y
x y . x xy y
x y
a ab
b ab
x 0; y 0
xy
a; b 0
yy x .
x y
xy x xy y xy x 2 xy y
b
a
a b
b
x 0; y 0
xy
xy .
x y .
xy
x y
a
b
x y .
x y x y
x y
d ) A x 2 2 x 2 x 2 2 x 2 x 2
x 2 2 x 2 .
x2 2
2 2
x 2 .
x 2 2 x 2 .
x2 2
2 x2
x 2 .
2 2
x2 2
x2 2
- nu x 2 2 x 2 2 x 4
A x2 2 x2 2 2 x2
- nu x 2 2 x 2 2 x 4
A x2 2 x2 2 2 2
Dng 3: Trc cn thc mu

Bi 6: Trc cn thc mu
a)
12. 3 3
12. 3 3
12
2. 3 3
93
3 3
3 3 . 3 3
8.
b)
52
c)
14
10 3
5 2
52 .
14.
5 2
10 3
10 3 .
8.
5 2
5 4
10 3
2 . 2
2 . 2
8.
14.
5 2
10 3
10 3
2.
10 3
d)
7 3 5 11 . 8 3 7 11 168 49 33 40 33 385 9 33 217

7 3 5 11
192 539
337
8 3 7 11
8 3 7 11 . 8 3 7 11
e)
3 5 2
3 5 2 2
2 5 3 2
2 5 3
30 9
2
5 3 2
5 3
10 4 10 12 18 5 10
20 18
2
Bi 7: Trc cn thc mu v thc hin php tnh

a)
5
4 11
1
6
7 5
2
3 7
7 2
5. 4 11
3 7
6.
7 2
4 11 . 4 11 3 7 . 3 7 7 2 . 7 2
5. 4 11 3 7 6. 7 2
7 5 5. 4 11 3
16 11
7 5
2
7
6.
7 2
97
74
2
5
2
3
3 7 7 5
4 11
2 7 2 4 11 4 7 2 7 4 4 11 3 7
2
7 5
2
4
3
2
3 1
6
5 2
5 2
32
b)
5 2
5
52
3 . 52
2.
32
5 2 18.
54
34
5 2 12.
3 2 3 1
6
26 5 8 2 13 3 59
3 1
6
5 2 5 2 . 5 2 3 2 . 3 2
2 3 . 5 2 2. 3 2
3 1 4 5 2
3.
5 2 .
5 2 2.
32
3 1
6
8 5 8 2 18 5 36 12 3 24 3 1
6
***********************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
RT GN BIU THC CHA CN THC BC HAI.
N TP I S - CHNG I
A. Kin thc c bn
rt gn biu thc c cha cn thc bc hai, ta cn vn dng thch hp cc php
bin i bit
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Tnh
a) 3 2 2 6 4 2
5 3 29 12 5
b)
5 62 5
2 2
2 1
5 3
5 1
2 1 2 2 2 2 1
5 3
5 3 2 5 3
5 5 1 1
c) 6 2 5 29 12 5 6 2 5 2 5 3 9 3
d ) 2 5 13 48 2 5 13 4 3 2 5
2 42 3 2
3 1
3 1
2 5 2 3 1
2 3 1 1 3
Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh, rt gn kt qu

a) 2 20 45 3 18 3 32 50 4 5 3 5 9 2 12 2 5 2 5 16 2
b) 32 0,5 2
1
1
1
2
1
17
10
48 4 2
2
3
2 4 3 ...
2
3
3
8
2
3
4
4
3
1
1
4,5 12,5 0,5 200 242 6 1 24,5
2
8
c)
1
9
25 1
9
49
2
102.2 112.2 6
2
2
2 2
8
2
1
3
5
3
7
2
2
2 5 2 11 2 6.
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
3 7
1 3 5
5 11 6.
4 2
2 2 2
13
2
2
3
2
3
2
6 2
4
. 3
12
3
2
3
2
2
3
6
6 2 6 . 6 2 3
3
2
d )
1
6. 2 3 3
6
Bi 3: Chng minh ng thc

a b
a b
2b
2 b
2 a 2 b 2 a 2 b ba
a b
a)
Bin i v tri ta c:
a b
a b
2b
a b
a b
2 a 2 b 2 a 2 b ba 2 a b
2 a b
VT
a b
2
a b
4 b
a b
a b
a b
a b
a b
4b
a 2 ab b a 2 ab b 4b
a b
2b
a b
a b .
a b
4 ab 4b
a b
2 b
VP
a b
2 3 6
216
1
3
3
2
8 2
6
b)
Bin i v tri ta c:
2 3 6
216
1 6 2 1 6 6 1
VT
.
.
3
3 6
82
6 2 2 1
1
3
1
3

2 6
.
6.
VP
2
2
6
6
2
Bi 4: Cho biu thc A
a b
4 ab
a b
a b b a
ab
a) Tm iu kin A c ngha
b) Chng t rng gi tr ca biu thc A khng ph thuc vo a
LG
a) k: a > 0; b > 0; a khc b
b) ta c:
a b
4 ab
a b
a 2 ab b
a b
ab
a b b a a 2 ab b 4 ab
ab
a b
a b
a b
a b
2 xx
a b
ab
a b a b a b 2 b
x 1
:
Bi 5: Cho biu thc B
x 1
x x 1
x x 1
a) Tm k xc nh
b) Rt gn biu thc B
a b
LG
a) k: x 0; x 1
b) Ta c:
2 xx
1
x 1
x x 1
x
x
1
x
2 x x x x 1 x x 1
.
x 1
x 1 x x 1
2 xx
x 1 x x 1
1
x 1
:
x 1 x x 1
x 1 1
1
.
x 1 x 1 x 1
x 3 x
x 3
9 x
x 2
Bi 6: Cho biu thc C 1
x 9
2 x 3 x x x 6
a) Tm k C c ngha
b) Rt gn C
c) Tm x C = 4
LG
a) k: x 0; x 4; x 9
b) Ta c:
x 3 x
x 3
x 2
9 x
C 1
:
x 9 2 x 3 x x x 6
x x 3 3 x
x 2
9 x
:
x 2
x 3
x 3
x 3
x 2
x 3
2
2
3 x 3 x x 2 9 x
9
2
9 x
x
x
x

:
1
:
x 3
x 3
x 2
x 3
x 2
x 3
x 2
3
.
x 3
x 2
x 3
3
x 2
3
3
11
121
4 x 2 x x
4
4
16
x 2
x
x 9 3 x 1 1
Bi 7: Cho biu thc D

:
3 x 9 x x 3 x x
c) C = 4
a) Tm k
c) Tm x sao cho D < -1
b) Rt gn
LG
a) k: x > 0; x khc 9
b) Ta c:
3 x
x 9 3 x 1
:
9 x
x
3
x

1
x
x9
3 x

x
3
x
3
3 x 1
x
x 3
1
x
x 3 x x 9 3 x 1 x 3
2 x 2
3 x 9
:
:
3 x 3 x
x x 3
3 x 3 x
x x 3
3
x 3
3 x 3 x 2
c) D 1
x 3
x 2
3 x
2 x 4
3 x
1 3 x 2 x 4 x 4 x 16
2 x 4
x 40
********************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
H THC V CNH V GC TRONG TAM GIC VUNG
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Cc h thc
* nh l: Trong 1 tam gic vung, mi cnh gc
C
vung bng:
- Cnh huyn nhn Sin gc i hoc Cosin gc k
a
b
- Cnh gc vung kia nhn Tang gc i hoc Cotg
gc k
(trong tam gic ABC vung ti A, BC = a; AB = c;
B
AC = b, ta c:
A
c
b a.sin B a.cos C
c a.sin C a.cos B
b c.tgB c.cot gC
c b.tgC b.cot gB
2. p dng gii tam gic vung

* Gii tam gic vung: l tm tt c cc yu t ca mt tam gic vung (cc cnh, cc gc)
nu bit trc 2 yu t trong c t nht 1 yu t v cnh v khng k gc vung
* Mt s trng hp gii tam gic vung thng gp
a) Bit 2 cnh gc vung
- Tnh cnh huyn (theo Pi-ta-go)
- Tnh mt gc nhn (tg hoc cotg)
- Tnh gc nhn cn li (2 gc ph nhau)
b) Bit cnh huyn v 1 gc nhn
- Tnh gc nhn cn li (2 gc ph nhau)
- Tnh cc cnh gc vung (h thc v cnh v gc h thc (1))
c) Bit cnh gc vung v gc nhn k
- Tnh gc nhn cn li
- Tnh cnh gc vung cn li v cnh huyn (h thc v cnh v gc h thc (1); (2))
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, bit tgB
4
v BC = 10. Tnh AB; AC
3
4
3
- tgB B 53007'
10
- theo h thc v cnh v gc trong tam gic vung

AB BC cos B 10.cos 53007 ' 6
AC BC.sin B 10.sin 53007 ' 8
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A; AB = AC = 17; BC = 16. Tnh ng cao AH v gc

A, gc B ca tam gic ABC
A1 A2
+ tam gic ABC cn, c AH BC
BC
BH CH 2 8
A
12
17
+ xt tam gic AHC, vung ti H

- ta c: AH AC 2 CH 2 17 2 82 15
17
- mt khc: sin A2
B
C
16
CH 8
A2 A1 28004' A 2A2 560 08'
AC 17
+ xt tam gic AHB vung ti H, ta c:

B 900 A1 900 280 04' 61056'
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 11, ABC 380 ; ACB 300 . Gi N l chn ng
vung gc k t A n BC. Tnh AN; AC
- xt tam gic ANB vung ti N, theo h thc v cnh v
A
gc trong tam gic vung ta c:
AN AB.sin B 11.sin 380 6, 77
11
300
380
N
- xt tam gic ANC vung ti N, theo h thc v cnh v

gc trong tam gic vung ta c:
AN AC.sin C AC
AN
6, 77
13,54
sin C sin 300
Bi 4: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Bit BH = 9; HC = 16. Tnh gc B,
gc C?
- xt tam gic ABC vung ti A, theo h thc v cnh
A
v ng cao trong tam gic vung , ta c:
AH 2 BH .CH 9.16 144 AH 12
- xt tam gic AHB, vung ti H, ta c:

AH 12
B 530 7 '
BH
9
- m B C 900 C 36053'
tgB
16
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC c B 600 , cc hnh chiu vung gc ca AB v AC ln BC

theo th t bng 12 v 18. Tnh cc gc v ng cao ca tam gic ABC
- xt tam gic AHB vung ti H
A
B 600 A 300 BH
1 2
1
AB
2
AB 2 BH 2.12 24
AH AB 2 BH 2 242 122 20,8
- xt tam gic AHC, theo h thc lng
600
B
12
18
AH 20,8
C 490 06'
HC
18
A 1800 B C 70054'
tgC
- theo h thc v cnh v gc, ta c:

HC AC.cos C AC
HC
18
27,5
cos C cos 490 06'
Bi 6: Cho hnh thang ABCD, c A D 900 , y nh AB = 4, y ln CD = 8,

AD = 3. Tnh BC, B, C ?
- k BH vung gc vi CD, suy ra AD = BH = 3;

AB = DH = 4, do : CH = 8 4 = 4
- xt tam gic BHC vung ti H, ta c:
BC BH 2 CH 2 32 42 5
BH 3
sin C
C 370
BC 5
- v ABCD l hnh thang nn:

B C 1800 B 1800 C 1800 370 1430
Bi 7: Gii cc tam gic vung sau, tam gic ABC vung ti A bit:
a) a = 18; b = 8
B
0
b) b = 20; C 38
3
4
c) tgB ; c 4
a) a = 18; b= 8
AC 8
B 230 23' C 900 230 23' 63037 '
BC 18
AB BC.sin C 18.sin 63037 ' 16,1
b) b = 20; C 380
sin B
C 380 B 520 ;
AB AC.tgC 20.tg 380 15, 6;
AC
20
25, 4
sin B sin 520
BC
3
4
c) tgB ; c 4
3
AC ABtgB 4. 3;
BC AB 2 AC 2 32 42 5
4
c 4
sin C 0,8 C 53008' B 36052'
a 5
*********************************************************
Ngy dy:
N TP HNH HC CHNG I
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Cc h thc v cnh v ng cao trong tam gic vung
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH sao cho ta c :
AH h, BC a, AB c, AC b, BH c ' , CH b ' khi :
1) b 2 a.b' ;
c 2 a.c'
2) h 2 b ' .c '
3) b.c a.h
1
1 1
4) 2 2 2
h
b c
2
5) a b 2 c 2 ( Pitago)
b
c
c'
b'
C
H
a
2. nh ngha cc t s lng gic ca gc nhn

Cho ABC (00 900 ) ta nh ngha cc t s gia cc cnh AB, BC, CA ca tam
gic ABC vung ti A nh sau :
C
AC
sin
;
BC
AC
tg
;
AB
AB
cos
BC
AB
cot g
AC
Huyn
i
3. Mt s tnh cht ca cc t s lng gic

sin cos ;
tg cot g ;
- Nu 900 th ta c :
- Cho 00 900 . Khi
+ 0 < sin, cos < 1
+ sin 2 cos 2 1
sin
cos
cos sin
cot g tg
+ tg cos ;cot g sin ;cot g tg ; tg .cot g 1

4. Cc h thc v cnh v gc trong tam gic vung
- Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, BC = a; AB = c;
AC = b, ta c:
b a.sin B a.cos C
c a.sin C a.cos B
b c.tgB c.cot gC
c b.tgC b.cot gB
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1 : Chng minh rng : vi l gc nhn tng ng trong tam gic ABC, A 900 th:
a ) cos 4 sin 4 2 cos 2 1
b) sin sin .cos 2 sin 3
c) tg 2 sin 2 .tg 2 sin 2
d ) cos 2 tg 2 .cos 2 1
sin .sin
LG
a ) VT cos sin . cos sin cos sin 2 cos 2 1 cos 2 2 cos 2 1 VP

2
b) VT sin . 1 cos 2
sin 3 VP
sin 2
c) VT tg .(1 sin ) tg .cos
.cos 2 sin 2 VP
2
cos
2

sin 2
cos 2 sin 2
2
d ) VT cos 2 . 1 tg 2 cos 2 . 1
cos
.
1 VP
cos 2
cos 2
Bi 2 : Cho tam gic ABC, bit AB = 21 ; AC = 28 ; BC = 35

a) Chng minh rng tam gic ABC vung
b) Tnh sinB, sinC, gc B, gc C v ng cao AH va tam gic ABC
LG
a) ta c:
AB 2 AC 2 212 282 1225

BC 35 1225
2
2
2
2
BC AB AC do theo
nh l o ca nh l Pi-ta-go tam gic ABC vung ti A

b)
B
H
21
AC 28
0,8 B 530
BC 35
AB 21
sin C
0, 6 C 37 0
BC 35
sin B
35
28
Xt tam gic AHB vung ti H, p dng h thc v cnh v gc

trong tam gic vung ta c:
AH AB.sin B 21.sin 530 21.0,8 16,8
(hoc AH.BC = AB.AC)
Bi 3: Gii tam gic vung ti A, bit
a) a = 12; B 420
b) b = 13; c = 20
LG
- ta c:
C
C 900 B 900 420 480
AB BC.cos B 12.cos 420 9
12
AC BC.cos C 12.cos 480 8
420
B
- ta c:
13
20
BC AB 2 AC 2 202 132 23,85

AC 13
tgB
0, 65 B 330
AB 20
C 900 B 570
Bi 4: Cho tam gic ABC c B 600 cc hnh chiu vung gc ca AB, AC ln BC theo
th t bng 12; 18. Tnh cc cnh, cc gc v ng cao ca tam gic ABC
LG
+ ta c: BC = BH + CH = 12 + 18 = 30
+ xt tam gic AHB vung ti H
A
- ta c : AH BH .tgB 12.tg 600 12 3
- mt khc :
1 2
BH
12
24
cos B cos 600
A1 900 B 900 600 300
BH AB.cos B AB
+ xt tam gic AHC vung ti H, ta c :
600
B
12
18
AC AH 2 CH 2 ... 756 27,5

AH 12 3
C 490
HC
18
0
0
+ xt ABC, tc: A 180 B C 71
tgC
***********************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
HM S BC NHT. TH CA HM S y ax b a 0
A. Kin thc c bn
1. nh ngha hm s bc nht
- Hm s bc nht l hm s c cho bi cng thc y ax b a 0 , trong a, b l cc
s cho trc
2. Tnh cht ca hm s bc nht : Hm s bc nht y ax b a 0 xc nh vi mi x
thuc R v c tnh cht sau :
a) ng bin trn R, khi a > 0
b) Nghch bin trn R, khi a < 0
3. th ca hm s y ax
- th ca hm s y ax l 1 ng thng i qua gc ta O
- Cch v
+ Cho x 0 y a A 0; a
+ ng thng i qua gc ta O v A(0 ; a) l th hm s y = ax
4. th ca hm s y ax b a 0
- th ca hm s y ax b a 0 l 1 ng thng
+ Ct trc tung ti im c tung bng b
+ Song song vi ng thng y = ax nu b khc 0; trng vi ng thng y = ax nu b = 0
- Ch : th ca hm s y ax b a 0 cn c gi l ng thng y ax b a 0
b c gi l tung gc ca ng thng
* Cch v : 2 bc
- Bc 1 : Tm giao ca th vi 2 trc ta
+ Giao ca th vi trc tung : cho x 0 y b A 0; b
+ Giao ca th vi trc honh : cho y 0 x
b
b
B
;0
a
a
- Bc 2 : V ng thng i qua 2 im A ; B ta c th hm s y ax b a 0
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1 : Cho hm s y f x
1
x 3 . Tnh f(0) ; f(1) ; f(-1) ; f(2) ; f(-2) ; f(8)
2
LG
- Lp bng gi tr tng ng ca x v f(x)
x
f x
1
x3
2
-2
-1
-4
7
2
5
2
-1
Bi 2: Biu din cc im sau trn mt phng ta ? A(-3; 2), B(1; 4), C(-5; 0), D(0; 3),
E(-1; -4)
LG
y
B
4
D 3
A
2
1
C
-5
-1
O
-3
-2
-4
Bi 3: Tm m hm s sau l hm s bc nht?
a ) y m 4 x 2009
c) y
m2
x4
m2
a ) ...... m 4 0 m 4
3
b) ...... 2m 3 0 m
2
m 2 0 m 2
m2
c) ......
0
m2
m2 0 m 2
b) 2m 3 x 2m 1
d ) y 3 m .x 5 3 m
LG
d ) ...... 3 m 0 3 m 0 m 3
Bi 4: Cho hm s y = (m 5)x + 2010. Tm m hm s trn l

a) hm s bc nht
b) hm s ng bin, nghch bin
LG
a ) ...... m 5 0 m 5
b) hm s ng bin m 5 > 0 m > 5

- hm s nghch bin m 5 < 0 m < 5
2
Bi 5 : Cho hm s y m 5m 6 x 2 . Tm m
a) hm s trn l hm s bc nht
b) hm s ng bin, nghch bin
c) th hm s i qua im A(1 ; 4)
LG
m2 0
m3 0
2
a) hm s cho l hm s bc nht m 5m 6 0 m 2 m 3 0
m20

m3 0
2
b) hm s ng bin m 5m 6 0 m 2 m 3 0
m20
m 3 0
m2
m3
m2
m3
m3
m2
*) hm s ngh.bin
m 2 5m 6 0 m 2 m 3 0
m20

m3 0

m20
m 3 0
m2
m3
m2
m3
2m3
ko tm
c) v th hm s i qua A(1 ; 4) nn :
4 m 2 5m 6 .1 2 m 2 5m 4 0 m 1 m 4 0
m 1 0 m 1
m4 0 m 4
Bi 6 : V tam gic ABO trn mt phng ta Oxy. Bit O(0 ; 0) , A(2 ; 3), B(5 ; 3)
a) Tnh din tch tam gic ABO
b) Tnh chu vi tam gic ABO
LG
y
S ABO
b) xt tam gic AOD v tam gic BOD. Theo Pita-go ta c:
1
2
1
9
.3.3
2
2
a) SABO AB.OD trong OD = 3; AB = 3
5E
OA OD 2 AD 2 32 22 13
OB OD 2 BD 2 32 52 34
Chu vi: CABO AB AO BO 3 13 34
Bi 7: Cho hm s y = (m-1).x + m
a) Xc nh m th hm s ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 2
b) Xc nh m th hm s ct trc honh ti im c honh bng -3
c) V th ca 2 hm s ng vi gi tr ca m va tm c cu a) v b) trn cng mt
phng ta Oxy
LG
a) hm s y = (m-1).x + m c tung gc b = m
- v th hm s ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 2, nn m = 2
- hm s c dng : y = x + 2
b) v th hm s ct trc honh ti im c honh bng -3, nn tung ca im ny
bng 0, ta c : 0 m 1 3 m 2m 3 m
1
2
- hm s c dng : y x
3
2
c)
x
y=x+2
0
2
-2
0
3
2
1
3
x
2
2
3
2
-3
0
8
f x =
3
2
x+
3
2
-15
-10
-5
gx = x+2
10
15
-2
-4
-6
-8
Bi 8 : Cho cc hm s : y = x + 4 ; y = -2x + 4
a) V 2 th hm s trn cng mt phng ta
b) 2 ng thng y = x + 4 ; y = -2x + 4 ct nhau ti C v ct trc honh theo th t ti A
v B. Tnh chu vi v din tch ca tam gic ABC
LG
a) V 2 th hm s trn cng mt phng ta
* Bng cc gi tr ca x v y l :
+) hm s y = x + 4
x
0
-4
y=x+4
4
0
+) hm s y = -2x + 4
x
0
2
y = -2x + 4
4
0
8
f x = x+4
g x = -2x+4
A
-20
-15
-10
-5
-4
10
-2
-4
-6
1
2
1
2
b) SABC AB.CO trong AB = 6; CO = 4 SABC .6.4 12

xt tam gic vung AOC v tam gic vung BCO. Theo Pi-ta-go, ta c:
AC OA2 OC 2 42 42 4 2
BC OB 2 OC 2 22 42 2 5
Chu vi: CABO AB AC BC 6 4 2 2 5
*****************************************************
Ngy dy: .
S XC NH NG TRN. TNH CHT I XNG CA NG TRN
A. Kin thc c bn
1. nh ngha ca ng trn: ng trn tm O, bn knh R, k hiu: (O; R) l tp hp
cc im cch O mt khong bng R
2. V tr tng i ca 1 im i vi ng trn: Cho (O; R) v 1 im M trong cng 1
mt phng
- im M nm trn (O) OM = R
- im M nm bn trong (O) OM < R
- im M nm bn ngoi (O) OM > R
3. S xc nh ng trn
- nh l: Qua 3 im khng thng hng ta v c 1 v ch 1 ng trn
- Ch :
+ tm ca ng trn i qua 3 im khng thng hng l giao im ca cc ng trung
trc ca tam gic ABC. ng trn i qua 3 im khng thng hng A, B, C c gi l
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ay tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn
+ khng v c ng trn no i qua 3 im thng hng
+ chng minh nhiu im cng nm trn 1 ng trn, ta chng minh cc im y cng
cch u 1 im c nh. im c nh y l tm ca ng trn, khng cch u y l
bn knh ca ng trn
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Trn AB, AC ln lt ly cc im D, E. Goik M,
N, P, Q ln lt l trung im ca DE, EB, BC, CD. CMR: 4 im M, N, P, Q cng thuc
1 ng trn
LG
A
D
M
E
N
+ Xt tam gic EDB, ta c:

ME MD
MN l ng trung bnh ca EDB, suy ra MN // = B (1) hay MN//AB
NE NB
+ Xt tam gic BCD, ta c :

QC QD
PQ l ng trung bnh ca tam gic BCD, suy ra PQ // = BD
PC PB
+ T (1) v (2) => MN // = PQ => t gic MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh

+ Xt tam gic CDE, ta c :
(*)
MD ME
MQ l ng trung bnh ca CDE, suy ra MQ // CE => MQ // AC
QD QC
(2)
MQ / / AC
0
+ Ta c : MN / / AB MQ MN M 90
m AC AB
(**)
+ T (*) v (**) => t gic MNPQ l hnh ch nht, gi O l giao im ca MP v NQ

=> OM = ON = OP = OQ => 4 im M, N, P, Q cng thuc 1 ng trn
Bi 2 : Chng minh nh l sau :
a) Tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic vung l trung im ca cnh huyn
b) Nu 1 tam gic c 1 cnh l ng knh ca ng trn ngoi tip th tam gic l
tam gic vung
LG
A
B
B
V tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm O

Xt tam gic ABC vung ti A. Gi O l
c ng knh BC => OA = OB = OC
trung im ca BC => OA = OB = OC (v
=> OA = BC
AO l trung tuyn ca tam gic) => O l
=> tam gic ABC vung ti A
tm ca ng trong ngoi tip tam gic
ABC
Bi 3 : Cho tam gic ABC nhn, v ng trn (O ; BC) ct cc cnh AB, AC theo th
t ti D v E
a) Chng minh rng : CD vung gc vi AB ; BE vung gc vi AC
b) Gi K l giao im ca BE v CD. Chng minh rng : AK vung gc vi BC
LG
A
E
D
K
a) Theo bi 2, tam gic BCD v tam gic BCE c cnh BC l ng knh => tam gic
BCD vung ti D (=> CD vung gc vi AB) v tam gic BCE vung ti E (=> BE vung
gc vi AC)
b) Xt tam gic ABC, ta c :
BE AC
CD AB
K l trc tm ca tam gic ABC => AK vung gc vi BC
m BE CD K
Bi 4 : Cho tam gic ABC, gc A > 900. Gi D, E, F theo th t l chn cc ng cao k

t A, B, C. Chng minh rng:
a) Cc im A, D, B, E cng nm trn 1 ng trn
b) Cc im A, D, C, F cng nm trn 1 ng trn

c) Cc im B, C, E, F cng nm trn 1 ng trn
LG
F
E
A
a) gi M l trung im ca AB
1
2
1
xt tam gic AEB, E 900 MA ME MB AB
2
xt tam gic ADB, D 900 MA MB MD AB
(1)
(2)
t (1) v (2) => MA = MB = MD = ME => cc im A, D, B, E cng nm trn 1 ng

trn
b) gi N l trung im ca AC
xt tam gic ADC vung ti D v tam gic AFC vung ti F, ta c: DN, FN ln lt l
trung tuyn ng vi cnh huyn BC => NA = ND = NC = NF => A, D, C, F cng nm
trn 1 ng trn
c) gi I l trung im ca BC
(chng minh tng t)
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC ni tip ng trn tm O, ng cao AH ca tam
gic ct ng trn (O) ti D
a) Chng minh rng AD l ng knh ca ng trn tm O
b) Tnh gc ACD
c) Cho BC = 12cm, AC = 10cm. Tnh AH v bn knh ca ng trn tm O
LG
A
a) + v AB = AC => tam gic ABC cn ti A, m AH
vung gc vi BC => AH l ng trung trc ca BC =>
AD cng l trung trc ca BC (1)
+ do tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm O => O thuc
O
ng trung trc ca BC (2)
+ t (1) v (2) => O thuc AD => AD l ng knh ca
B
C
H
ng trn (O)
D
b) theo bi 2 tam gic ACD ni tip ng trn (O) c
0
AD l ng knh => gc ACD = 90
1
2
1
2
c) + v AD BC BH CH BC .12 6 cm
+ xt tam gic AHC vung ti H, ta c: AC 2 AH 2 CH 2 AH 102 62 8 cm
+ xt tam gic ACD vung ti C, p dng h thc v cnh v ng cao trong tam gic
vung ta c: AC 2 AD. AH AD
R
1
1
AD .12,5 6, 25cm
2
2
AC 2 102
12,5cm => bn knh ca ng trn (O) l

AH
8
*******************************************************
Ngy dy:
H S GC CA NG THNG.
NG THNG SONG SONG, NG THNG CT NHAU
A. Kin thc cn bn
1. Gc to bi ng thng y = ax + b (a khc 0) v trc Ox
- Gc to bi ng thng y = ax + b (a khc 0) v trc Ox l gc to bi tia Ax v tia
AT, trong A l giao im ca ng thng y = ax + b vi trc Ox; T l im thuc
ng thng y = ax + b v c tung dng
8
T
2
A
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-15
-10
-5
y=ax+b
10
15
y=ax
y=ax
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
-6
-8
-8
y=ax+b
Trng hp a > 0
Trng hp a < 0
0
0
- vi a > 0 0 90 , a cng ln th cng ln
- vi a < 0 900 1800 , a cng ln th cng ln
2. y = ax + b (a khc 0) th a c gi l h s gc ca ng thng
'
'
'
'
3. Vi 2 ng thng d : y ax b v d : y a x b a; a 0 , ta c:

d d a a

d d a.a 1
d / / d ' a a ' ; b b'

'
d d ' a a' ; b b'
'
'
'
- Ch : khi a khc a v b = b th 2 ng thng c cng tung gc, do chng ct

nhau ti 1 im trn trc tung c tung l b
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Xc nh h s gc k ca ng thng y = kx + 3 k trong mi trng hp sau:
2
3
a) ng thng song song vi th hm s y x

b) Ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 2
c) Ct trc honh ti im c honh bng 3
LG
2
3
2
3
2
3
a) V t y = kx + 3 k song song vi ths y x k ptt c dng: y x
7
3
b) V ths y = kx + 3 k ct trc tung ti im c tung l b = 3 k, m theo gi thit

ths ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 2 nn 3 k 2 k 1 ptt c dng: y = x+2
c) V t y = kx + 3 k ct trc honh ti m c honh bng 3, nn tung ti im
ny bng 0
ta c : 0 3k 3 k k
3
3
9
ptt c dng : y
x
2
2
2
Bi 2 : Cho hs bc nht : y = ax 4
(1). Xc nh h s a trong mi trng hp sau
a) ths (1) ct ng thng y = 2x 1 ti im c honh bng 2

b) ths (1) ct ng thng y = -3x + 2 ti im c tung bng 5
LG
a) Gi M l giao im ca ths (1) v t y = 2x 1 => ta im M tha mn ng thi
c 2 t trn
- tung ca im M l y = 2.2 1 = 3 => M(2 ; 3)
- vid ths (1) i qua im M(2 ; 3), nn ta c : 3 = 2.a 4 => a = 7/2
b) Gi N l giao im ca ths (1) v t y = -3x + 2 => ta im N tha mn ng thi
c 2 t trn
- honh ca dim N l 5 = -3x + 2 => x = -1 => N(-1 ; 5)
- v ths (1) i qua N(-1 ; 5), nn ta c : 5 = a.(-1) 4 => a = - 9
Bi 3 : Cho hs : y = -2x + 3
a) V ths trn
b) Xc nh hs c th l t i qua gc ta v vung gc vi t y = -2x + 3
c) Tm ta giao im A ca t y = -2x + 3 v t tm c cu b)
d) Gi P l giao im ca t y = -2x + 3 vi trc tung. Tm din tch tam gic OAP
LG
a) V ths y = -2x + 3
x
0
3/2
y = -2x + 3
3
0
=> ths y = -2x + 3 i qua 2 im P(0 ; 3), Q(3/2 ; 0)
8
fx = -2x+3
P
g x =
2
3
5
-15
-10
1
2
A
H
-5
6 3
5 2
10
-2
-4
-6
b) t qua gc ta O c dng y = ax (a khc 0)

- v y = -2x + 3 v y = ax vung gc vi nhau nn : -2a = 1 => a = -1/2
1
2
=> hs c dng : y x
1
2
c) tm ta giao im ca y = -2x + 3 v y x
- gi A l giao im ca 2 t trn => ta im A tha mn c 3 t trn
1
2
- honh im A l nghim ca pt : 2 x 3 x x
1 6
2 5
- tung ca im A l : y .
3
5
Vy giao im A ca 2 t trn c ta : A(6/5 ; 3/5)
6
5
15
1
2
1 6
9
. .3 (vdt)
2 5
5
d) SAOP AH .OP trong : AH = 6/5 ; OP = 3

S AOP
BTVN:
Bi 4 : Cho hm s : y
m 1
xm2
m 1
(1)
a) Vi gtr no ca m th (1) l hsbn?

b) Vi gtr no ca m th (1) l hs ng bin?
c) Vi gtr no ca m th ths (1) i qua im A(1; 2)?
LG
a) hs (1) l hsbn
m 1 0
m 1
0
m 1
m 1
m 1 0
b) hs (1) ng bin
m 1 0
m 1

m
m 1
m 1
0
m 1 0
m 1
m 1

m 1
m 1 0
c) v ths (1) i qua A nn ta im A tha mn hs (1), ta c:

m 1
m 2 2( m 1) m 1 m 1 m 2 m 2 2m 1 0
m 1
m 1 2
2
m 1 2 0 m 1 2 m 1 2 0
m 1 2
2
Bi 5:
a) V t cc hs sau trn cng mt phng ta :
y = 2x
(1); y = 0,5x
(2); y = - x + 6
(3)
b) Gi cc giao im ca cc t c pt (3) vi 2 t c pt (1) v (2) theo th t l A v B.
Tm ta ca 2 im A v B
c) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic OAB
LG
a) v t
8
A
4
D
F
-15
-10
-5
-2
-4
-6
- ths (1) i qua im O v C(1; 2)

- ths (2) i qua im O v D(2; 1)
- ths (3) i qua im E(0; 6) v F(6; 0)
10
15
b) Tm ta im A v B
- honh im A tha mn pt: 2x = -x + 6 => x = 2
Thay x = 2 vo (1) ta c y = 4 => A(2; 4)
- honh im B tha mn pt : 0,5x = -x + 6 => x = 4
Thay x = 4 vo (2) ta c y = 2 => B(4 ; 2)
c) ta c :
OA 22 42 20
OA OB OAB cn ti O
OB 2 4 20
Ta li c : AOB AOx BOx

trong :
tan AOx
4
2 AOx 630 26' ;
2
AOB 630 26' 26034' 36052'
2 1
BOx
26034'
4 2
0
0
'
180 36 52 71034'
A B
2
tan BOx
**************************************************
Ngy dy:
V TR TNG I CA NG THNG V NG TRN.
A. Kin thc c bn
1. V tr tng i ca ng thng v ng trn.
Gi OH =d l khong cch t tm O n ng thng a.

a; a ct (0) 2 im chung d<R
b; a tip xc (0) 1 im chung d = R
c; a khng giao (0) khng c im chung d >R
2. Du hiu nhn bit tip tuyn ca ng trn
ng thng a l tip tuyn ca tr (O ; R) d = R (d : l khong cch t tm O
n a)
Nu t a i qua 1 im ca tr v vung gc vi bn knh i qua im th t a l
1 tip tuyn ca tr
3. Tnh cht hai tip tuyn ct nhau
Nu 2 tip tuyn ca tr ct nhau ti mt im th :
- im cch u hai tip im
- tia k t im i qua tm l tia phn gic ca gc to bi hai tip tuyn
- tia k t tm i qua im l tia phn gic ca gc to bi hai bn knh i qua 2 tip
im
4. ng trn ni tip tam gic
- tr ni tip tam gic l tr tip xc vi 3 cnh ca tam gic
- tm ca tr ni tip tam gic l giao im ca 3 ng phn gic ca cc gc trong tam
gic
4. ng trn bng tip tam gic
- tr bng tip tam gic l tr tip xc vi 1 cnh ca tam gic v tip xc vi phn ko di
ca hai cnh cn li
- tm ca tr bng tip tam gic l giao im ca 2 ng phn gic cc gc ngoi ti hai
nh ca tam gic
- mi tam gic c 3 tr bng tip
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1:
Cho ng trn tm 0 v im I nm trong (0)
C / m rng dy AB vung gc vi OI ti I ngn hn mi dy khc
i qua I
Gii:
GV hng dn : V dy CD bt k qua I (Khc dy AB )
A
O
ta c/m AB <CD
Mun so snh hai dy ta so snh iu g ?
( Ta so snh hai khong cch t tm n 2 dy ;C Dng
H tnh
K
D
B
cht trong tam gic vung th cnh huyn l cnh ln nht )

Bi 2 : T 1 im A nm bn ngoi tr (O), k cc tip tuyn AB v AC vi tr (B ; C l
cc tip im). Qua im M thuc cung nh BC, k tt vi tr (O), tt ny ct cc tt AB, AC
theo th t ti D v E. Chng minh rng chu vi tam gic ADE bng 2.AB
LG
Theo tnh cht 2 tt ct nhau, ta c :
B
D
DM = DB
(1) ;
M
EM = EC
(2)
A
O
Chu vi tam gic ADE l :
E
C
CADE AD AE DE AD AE DM EM (3)
T (1) ; (2) v (3) :
CADE AD AE DB EC AD DB AE EC AB AC 2 AB (v AB = AC)
Bi 3 : Cho tr (O), im I nm bn ngoi tr (O). K cc tt IA v IB vi tr (A, B l cc
tip im). Gi H l giao im ca IO v AB. Bit AB = 24cm ; IA = 20cm
a) Tnh di AH ; IH ; OH
b) Tnh bn knh ca tr (O)
LG
- Theo tnh cht ca 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:
A
IA = IB = 20cm; IO l phn gic ca gc
AIB
- Tam gic IAB cn ti I, c IH l phn
H
gic => IH cng ng thi l ng cao
I
O
v
l
g
trung
tuyn
AH BH
B
1
1
AB .24 12cm
2
2
- Xt tam gic AHI vung ti H
ta c : IH 2 IA2 AH 2 202 122 162 IH 16cm (theo Pytago)

- Xt tam gic AIO, vung ti A, p dng h thc v cnh v g cao trong am gic vung
ta c :
AH 2 122
AH HI .HO HO
9
HI
16
AO 2 IO.OH IH OH .OH 16 9 .9 225 AO 15cm
2
Bi 4 : Cho na tr (O ; R) g knh AB. Gi Ax, By l cc tia vung gc vi AB (Ax, By

v na tr cng thuc na mp c b l AB). Ly M thuc Ax, qua M k tt vi na tr, ct
By ti N
a) Tnh gc MON
b) CMR : MN = AM + BN
c) CMR: AM.BN = R2
LG
a) - theo tc ca 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:
O
1 AOH ; MA MH
O
1
2
2
O
1 BOH
O
; NB NH
3
4
2
- ta c:
y
N
(1)
O
1 AOH BOH
MON
O
.1800 900
2
3
2
2
b) do MN = MH + NH (2)
=> t (1) v (2) : MN = MA + NB
c) Xt tam gic MON vung ti O, theo h
thc v cnh v g cao trong tam gic vung,
ta c :
2 3 4
B
OH 2 MH .NH AM .BN
2
AM .BN R
m OH R
BTVN.
Bi 5: Cho tr (O; R) v 1 im A nm cch O 1 khong bng 2R. T A v cc tt AB, AC
vi tr (B, C l cc tip im). g thg vung gc vi OB ti O ct AC ti N, g thg vung
gc vi OC ti O ct AB ti M
a) CMR: AMON l hnh thoi
b) thg MN l tt ca tr (O)
c) Tnh din tch hnh thoi AMON
LG
a) + v AB, AC l 2 tt ca tr (O)
B
AB OB; AC OC
+ m ON OB; OM OC
Nn AB // ON, AC // OM => t gic AMON l

Hnh bnh hnh
(1)
+ mt khc : A1 A2 (tc 2 tt ct nhau)
(2)
+ t (1) v (2) => t gic AMON l hnh thoi
b) + v AMON l hnh thoi MN OA
(3)
1
2
1
2
+ mt khc : HO AH OA .2 R R
1
2
N
C
(4)
+ t (3) v (4) => MN l tt ca tr (O)

c) + xt tam gic ABO, vung ti B ta c : sin A1
OB R 1

A1 300
OA 2 R 2
+ xt tam gic AHM vung ti H, ta c :

3
3 2R 3
MN 2.MH 2.R.
3
3
3
2
1
1 2R 3
2R 3
.MN . AO .
.2 R
(vdt)
2
2
3
3
MH AH .tan A1 R.tan 300 R.
+ do : SY AMON
********************************************************
Ngy dy: .
N TP I S + HNH HC
I. I S

a) 50 3 45 2 18 5 20 5 2 9 5 6 2 10 5 2 5
b)
8 2 2 3 2
2
8 2 2 23 2
2
3 2
2
1 2
3 2 3 2
28 14 2
2 3
7 7
1
.
1
c)
2 3
2
2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 7 . 1 7 7 1 . 7 1 7
3 1 7
2 1 7 . 1 7 2
5 3
10 2 3 2 2 5 3 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 2 5 2.2. 5 4 10 2
10 2
5 2 10 2 5 4 6 2 5 5 2 5 1
5 1
5 1
x2
x 1
x 1
x x 1 x x 1 x 1
Bi 2: Cho biu thc B 1:

a) RG biu thc B
b) So snh B vi 1
LG
a) k: x 0; x 1 . Ta c:
x2
x 1
x 1
B 1:
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
x 1
x 1
x2
x 1
1
1:
x 1
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
1:
1:
x2
x 1 x
x 1 x
x 1 x x 1
1: x 2 x 1 x x 1
x 1 x x 1
x . x 1
x
x
1:
1:
x 1
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
x 1 .
x x
x 1
b) xt hiu:
x x 1
x x 1 x x 2 x 1
B 1
1
x
x
x
B 1 0 B 1
12 7 1 6
10 2 3 2 29 12 5 10 2 3 2 20 2.2 5.3 9 10 2 3 2
d)
2 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 1
7 7 1
3 21
1
.
3
1 7
x 1
x
x 1
x
5 2
2. x 2 x 1
x x 1 x x 1
Bi 3: Cho biu thc: P

x x
x x
x 1
a) RG bth P
b) Tm x P < 0
c) Tm x nguyn P nguyn
LG
a) k: 0 < x #1. Ta c:
x x 1 x x 1
x
x x
x 1
PZ
x 1 x x 1
2.
x 1
c) Ta c: P
x 1
x 1
0 x 1 0 vi
x 1
b) P 0
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 2. x 1
x 1
:
2 x.

x
x 2. x 1
x 1

x 1
x
x 1 x x 1
2. x 2 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 0 x 1 x 1 0 x 1
x 1 2
2
1
x 1
x 1
2
Z 2M x 1 x 1 (2), m (2) = 1; 2
x 1
) x 1 1 x 2 x 4 tm
) x 1 1 x 0 x 0 tm
) x 1 2 x 3 x 9 tm
) x 1 2 x 1 loai
Bi 4: Cho bth: P
3
3
:
x 1
x
x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1
a) k?
b) RG bth P
LG
a) k: x 0; x 1; x 4
b) Ta c:
P
x 2
x x 1
x 2 x 1
x 2 x 1 x 2
3
.
3
x
x x 1
3 x 3
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 2
x 1
x 1 x 4
x 2
x 1
x 2
x
2
Z x U (2) 1; 2
x
) x 1 x 1 loai
) x 2 x 4 loai
) x 1 loai
) x 2 loai

M 6 2 2. 3
2 12 18 128 6 2 2. 3
M 6 2 2. 3
2 12
4 2
6 2 2. 3
M 6 2 2. 3 2 3 4 6 2 2. 3
3 1
M 6 2 2. 2 3 6 2. 4 2 3 6 2.
M 62 3 2 42 3
3 1
2 12 18 8 2
2 2 3 4 2
6 2 2. 3 3 1
3 1
6 2.
3 1
3 1
Bi 6:
a) Vi gtr no ca m th hsbn: y 4m 3 x 5 ng bin
b) Vi gtr no ca m th hsbn: y 2m 5 x 14 nghch bin
LG
3
4
5
b) hsnb 2m 5 0 m
2
a) hsb 4m 3 0 m
Bi 7: Tm gtr ca m ng thng: y m 3 x m 1, m 3 v ng thng

y 2 m x 3, m 2 ct nhau ti 1 im trn trc tung
LG
- Xt y m 3 x m 1, m 3
(1)
Ta c: a = m 3; b = m + 1
- Xt y 2 m x 3, m 2
(2)
Ta c: a = 2 m; b = - 3
- th (1) v th (2) ct nhau ti 1 im trn trc tung khi v ch khi
a a '
'
b b
m 3 2 m 2m 5
m 4
m 1 3
m 4
Bi 8 : Cho 2 hsbn : y m 3 x 1
th 2 hs trn l 2 g thg
a) Song song ;
b) Ct nhau ;
c) Trng nhau
v y 1 2m x 5
LG
Xt (1), ta c : a = m + 3 ; b = -1
2 . Vi gtr no ca m th
Xt (2), ta c : a = 1 2m ; b = 5
a a '
a) (1) // (2)
'
b b
m 3 1 2m
2
3m 2 m
3
1 5
b) (1) ct (2) a a ' m 3 1 2m 3m 2 m
2
3
m 3 1 2m m
3 khng tn ti m tha mn
c) (1) trng (2)
'
1 5
b b
1 5
2
Bi 9 : V th 2 hs sau trn cng 1 h trc ta : y x 2 (1); y 2 x 2 2 . Gi A ; B
3
a a '
l giao im ca (1) v (2) vi trc honh ; v giao im ca 2 g thg l C. Tm ta

giao im A, B, C. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC
LG
* Bng cc gi tr ca x v y :
x
0
-3
x
0
-1
y 2x 2
2
2
0
y x2
2
0
3
2
3
* th hs y x 2 (1) i qua im A(-3 ; 0) v im C(0 ; 2). th hs y 2 x 2 (2) i

qua im B(-1 ; 0) v im C(0 ; 2)
8
fx = 2x+2
4
g x =
2
3
x+2
A
-15
-10
-5
-3
B -1
10
15
-2
-4
-6
* din tch tam gic ABC l :

S ABC
1
1
AB.CO .2.2 2 (vdt)
2
2
Bi 10 : Cho x ab 1 a 2 1 b 2 ; y a 1 b 2 b 1 a 2 . Hy tnh y theo x, bit (ab>0)

LG
Ta c :
x 2 ab
1 a 1 b
2
a 2b 2 2ab 1 a 2 1 b 2 1 a 2 1 b 2
2a 2b 2 2ab 1 a 2 1 b 2 a 2 b 2 1
y 2 a 1 b2 b 1 a 2
a 2 1 b 2 2ab 1 a 2 1 b 2 b 2 1 a 2
2a 2b 2 2ab 1 a 2 1 b 2 a 2 b 2
Do : y 2 x 2 1 y x 2 1
II. HNH HC : (n tp v tnh cht ca 2 tt ct nhau)
Bi 1 : Cho na tr (O ; R), ng knh AB, v cc tip tuyn Ax, By v na mp b AB

cha na tr. Trn Ax, By ly theo th t M v N sao cho gc MON bng 900. Gi I l
trung im ca MN. CMR :
a) AB l tt ca tr (I ; IO)
b) MO l tia phn gic ca gc AMN
c) MN l tt ca tr ng knh AB
LG
a) CMR : AB l tt ca (I ; IO)
x
y
- ta c: AM // BN (cng vung gc vi AB) => t
N
gic ABNM l hnh thang
AO BO
- xt hnh thang ABNM, ta c:
IO l
MI NI
ng trung bnh ca hnh thang ABNM

=> IO // AM // BN
- mt khc: AM AB IO AB O AB l tt ca
tr (I; IO)
b) CMR : MO l tia phn gic ca gc AMN
- v AM // IO => AMO = MOI (so le trong)
(1)
1
2
- tam gic MON c O = 900, OI l trung tuyn OI IM IN MN => tam gic IMO
cn ti I => IMO = IOM
(2)
- t (1) v (2) => MOI = AMO = IMO => MO l phn gic ca AMN
c) CMR: MN l tt ca tr knh AB
- k OH vung gc vi MN
(3)
- xt tam gic MAO v tam gic MHO, ta c:
A H 900
MN : chung
MAO MHO CH GN => OA = OH = R (cnh tng ng)
AMO HMO
=> OH l bn knh ca tr tm O knh AB

(4)
- t (3) v (4) => MN l tt ca tr knh AB
Bi 2: Cho tr (O), im A nm bn ngoi tr. K cc tt AM, AN vi tr (M, N l cc tip
im)
a) CMR: OA vung gc vi MN
b) V knh NOC. CMR: MC // AO
c) Tnh di cc cnh ca tam gic AMN, bit OM = 3cm; OA = 5cm
LG
a) ta c: OM = ON (= bn knh)
AM = AN (tnh cht 2 tt ct nhau)
=> AO l trung trc ca on thng MN
=> OA MN
b) gi H l giao im ca MN v AO
- v OA MN =>MH = NH
- xt tam gic MNC, ta c:
ON OC
HO l g trung bnh ca tam
MH NH
gic MNC => HO // MC hay MC // AO

c) xt tam gic AMO, M = 900, theo Pytago ta c : AM A O 2 OM 2 52 32 4
=> AM = AN = 4cm
- mt khc, p dng h thc v cnh v g cao trong tam gic vung AMO, ta c:
MA.MO 4.3
2, 4cm
OA
5
MN 2.MH 2.2, 4 4,8cm
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC, A = 900, g cao AH, v tr (A; AH), k cc tt BD, CE vi tr
MA.MO MH .OA MH
(D, E l cc tip im khc H). CMR:

a) 3 im D, A, E thng hng
b) DE tip xc vi tr knh BC
LG
a) theo tc 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:
- AB l phn gic ca DAH => A1 = A2
- AC l phn gic ca EAH => A3 = A4
- m DAE = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 = 2( A2 + A3) = 2.900 = 1800
=> 3 im D, A, E thng hng
b) gi M l trung im ca BC
B
- xt tam gic ABC A = 900, c AM
1
2
l trung tuyn AM BC
(1)
- ta c: BD // CE (cng DE) => t

gic BDEC l hthang
- xt hthang BDEC, ta c :
AD AE
AM l ng trung bnh
MB MC
M
1 2
A
3
4
ca hnh thang BDEC => MA // CE,

m CE DE => MA DE
(2)
E
- t (1) v (2) => DE tip xc vi
ng trn (M) ng knh BC
Bi 4: Cho trn (O), im M nm bn ngoi trn. K tip tuyn MD, ME vi trn (D,
E l cc tip im). Qua im I thuc cung nh DE, k tip tuyn vi trn, ct MD v
ME theo th t ti P v Q. Bit MD = 4cm. Tnh chu vi tam gic MPQ
LG
- Theo tnh cht 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:

MD = ME; PI = PD; QI = QE
- Chu vi tam gic MPQ bng:
MP + PQ + MQ = MP + PI + QI + MQ
= (MP + PD) + (QE + MQ)
= MD + ME = 2.MD = 2.4 = 8cm
I
O
M
Q
E
Bi 5: Cho trn (O; 2cm), cc tt AB v AC k t A n trn vung gc vi nhau ti A

(B, C l cc tip im)
a) T gic ABOC l hnh g? V sao?
b) Gi M l im bt k thuc cung nh BC. Qua M k tt vi trn, ct AB v AC theo
th t ti D v E. Tnh chu vi tam gic ADE.
c) Tnh s o gc DOE?
LG
a) T gic ABOC c 3 gc vung nn l HCN, m
li c 2 cnh k l OB v OC: OB = OC nn n l
Hnh vung
b) Tng t BT4, ta c chu vi tam gic ADE bng:
O
8cm
B
3
1
c) Theo tnh cht tip tuyn ta c:
2
4
O
1 MOB
O
1 MOC
O
; O
1
3
2
4
2
2
1
O
1 MOB
O
MOC
.900 450
1
2
2
2
0
DOE
45
Bi 6: Cho trn (O; 5cm) im M nm bn ngoi trn. K cc tt MA, MB vi trn (A,

B l cc tip im). Bit gc AMB bng 600.
a) CMR: tam gic AMB l tam gic u
b) Tnh chu vi tam gic AMB
c) Tia AO ct trn C. T gic BMOC l hnh g? V sao?
LG
a) theo tnh cht 2 tt ct nhau, ta c: MA = MB, do
A
tam gic AMB cn ti M
+ mt khc: AMB 600
O
1
Nn tam gic AMB l tam gic u
M
2
b) theo tch 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:
B
M
1 AMB 300
M
1
2
2
+ m MA l tt nn MAO
900 => tam gic MAO vung ti A
300 AO 1 MO MO 2. AO 2.5 10 cm
+ xt tam gic MAO vung ti A c M
1
2
Theo Pytago: MA MO 2 AO 2 102 52 75 5 3

+ Chu vi tam gic AMB bng: MA + MB + AB = 3.MA = 3.5 3 15 3
c) Tam gic AMB u c MO l phn gic nn MO cng ng thi l ng cao ca tam
gic MO AB (1)
+ Tam gic ABC c trung tuyn BO bng

BC AB
1
AC nn tam gic ABC l tam gic vung ti B
2
(2)
+ T (1) v (2) BC / / MO , do t gic BMOC l hnh thang
**********************************************************
Ngy dy: 08/01/2013

GII H PHNG TRNH BNG PHNG PHP TH
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Quy tc th
- t mt trong cc phng trnh ca h biu din x theo y (hoc y theo x)
- dng kt qu th cho x (hoc y) trong pt cn li ri thu gn
2. Cch gii h phng trnh bng phng php th
- dng quy tc th bin i h phng trnh cho c 1 hpt mi trong c 1 pt 1 n
- gii pt 1 n va tm c, ri suy ra nghim ca hpt cho
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Gii cc hpt sau bng phng php th
2x y 4
b )
hpt v nghim
y
x
2
x4
x 2 y 6 0
e)
y5
5x 3 y 5 0
3 x 2 y 5 x 11
a)
2 x y 3 y 19
2x y 6
x4
3 x 5 y 22 y 2
d)
109
2
x
7
y
106
i)
12 x 11 y 3 y 45
53
1
1
x3
x y20
m
4
) 3
y4
5 x y 11
x y 1
x2
3x 2 y 8 y 1
h)
x 6 y 17 x 5
l)
5 x y 23 y 2
3x 2 y 2
c)

5x 4 y 1
2 x 3 y 8
g)

5 x 2 y 1
x 5
13
y
2
x 1
y 2
13x 15 y 48
x9
k)

2 x y 29
y 11
1
1
x 10
x y 0
6
n) 5
y 12
5 x 4 y 2
Bi 2: gii cc hpt bng phng php th
5x y 5
a)
3 1
2 3 x 3 5 y 21
x 2
2 3 x 5 y 2 6 15
b )
y 3
3 x y 3 2 3
x 3
y 5
x 2 y 5 5
c)
e)
x 2 5
5 x y 5 2 5 y 5
5 2 x y 3 5
x 2 y 6 2 5
x 2y 7
x 7
d )
2 x 7 y 2 7 7
y 7
x0
y 3 5
4 2 x y 3 3 x 2 y 3 48
f )
3 3 x 4 y 3 4 4 x 2 y 9 48
5 x 2 y 45
x7
25 x 20 y 75 y 5
4x 9 y 8
x
g)
8
x
3
y
5
5
y
3
x
2
y
y 1
6 x y 8 2 x 3 y
2 2 x 1 1,5 3 y 2 6 x
h)
11,5 4 3 x 2 y 5 x
29
10
21
y
10
2 x 3 y 0,5

3 x 0,5 2 y 5
Bi 3: Tm cc gi tr ca m, n sao cho mi hpt n x, y sau y
2mx 1 n y m n 1
a) hpt
m 1 x m n y 3
2
9
c nghim (2; 1); p s: m ; n
1
3
2 x m 1 y m 2n 1
c nghim (-3; 2); p s: m 1; n 1
nx 1 m y 3
b) hpt
3mx n 1 y 93
c) hpt
nx 4my 3
m 2 x 5ny 25
d) hpt
2mx n 2 y 5
c nghim (1; -5); p s: m 1; n 17

c nghim (3; -1); p s: m 2; n 5
Bi 4: Tm a, b trong cc trng hp sau:

a) g thg d1: ax + by = 1 i qua cc im A(-2; 1) v B(3; -2)
b) g thg d2: y = ax + b i qua cc im M(-5; 3) v N(3/2; -1)
c) g thg d3: ax - 8y = b i qua cc im H(9; -6) v i qua giao im ca 2 ng thng
(d): 5x 7y = 23; (d): -15x + 28y = -62
d) t d4: 3ax + 2by = 5 i qua cc im A(-1; 2) v vung gc vi t (d): 2x + 3y = 1
p s
a 3
a)
;
b 5
8
a 13
b)
b 1
13
c)

56
3 ;
b 120
a
5
a
7
d)
b 5
****************************************************************
Ngy dy: 11/12/2012

V TR TNG I CA HAI NG TRN.
TIP TUYN CHUNG CA HAI NG TRN
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Ba v tr tng i ca hai tr
Xt tr (O; R) v (O; r) vi R r ; OO ' d , ta c:
a) Hai tr ct nhau
- s im chung: 2
- h thc: R r < d < R + r
b) hai tr tip xc nhau
- s im chung: 1
- h thc:+ tip xc trong: d = R r > 0
+ tip xc ngoi: d = R + r
c) hai tr khng giao nhau
- s im chung: 0
- h thc:+ 2 tr ngoi nhau: d > R + r
+ 2 tr ng nhau: d < R r
+ 2 tr ng tm: d = 0
2. Tnh cht ng ni tm
- nh l:
a) Nu 2 tr ct nhau th 2 giao im i xng vi
A
nhau qua ng ni tm, tc l ng ni tm l
ng trung trc ca dy chung (OO l ng trung
O
trc ca dy AB)
B
b) Nu 2 tr tip xc nhau th tip im nm trn
ng ni tm (A thuc OO )
O'
A
O
O'
3. Tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn

- nh ngha: tip tuyn chung ca 2 tr l g thg tip xc vi c 2 tr
d2
d1
d2
d1; d2 l tip tuyn chung ngoi: tip tuyn

chung ngoi khng ct on ni tm
d1
d1; d2 l tip tuyn chung trong: tip tuyn

chung trong ct on ni tm
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho ng trn (O; 4cm) v ng trn (O ; 3cm) ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit A;

B bit OO = 5cm. T B v 2 ng knh BOC v BOD
a) CMR: 3 im C, A, D thng hng
b) Tam gic OBO l tam gic vung
c) Tnh din tch tam gic OBO v din tch tam gic CBD
d) Tnh di cc on thng AB; CA; AD
LG
a) CMR: C; D; A thng hng
B
+ ta c: tam gic ABC ni tip tr (O) c BC lm
knh => tam gic ABC vung ti A => A1 = 900
4
3
+ li c: tam gic ABD ni tip tr (O ) c BD lm

H
O
O'
knh => tam gic ABD vung ti A => A2 = 900
5
+ do CAD = A1 + A2 = =1800
1 2
=> 3 im C, A, D thng hng
D
C
A
b) CMR: tam gic OBO l tam gic vung
+ ta c: OO 5 25; OB O B 4 3 25. OO OB O B 25
=> tam gic OBO vung ti B ( theo nh l o ca nh l Pytago)
c) Tnh din tch tam gic OBO v din tch tam gic CBD
ta c:
'2
'
'2
'
1
1
S OBO' OB.O ' B .4.3 6 cm 2
2
2
1
1
S OBD CB.DB .8.6 24 cm 2
2
2
d) Tnh di cc on thng AB; CA; AD

+ ta c: OO l g trung trc ca AB (theo tnh cht on ni tm)
1
AB hay AB 2.BH
2
+ xt tam gic OBO, B = 900, theo h thc v cnh v ng cao trong tam gic vung
OB.O ' B 4.3
2, 4 cm
ta c: OB.O ' B HB.OO ' BH
OO '
5
BH OO ' v BH
=> AB = 2. BH = 2 . 2,4 = 4,8 cm

+ p dng nh l Pytago cho tam gic vung:
ABC , A 900 AC BC 2 AB 2 82 4,82 6, 4 cm
ABD, A 900 AD BD 2 AB 2 62 4,82 3, 6 cm
Bi 2 (tng t BT76SBT/139): Cho tr (O) v (O ) tip xc ngoi ti A, g thg OO ct

tr (O) v (O) ln lt ti B v C (khc A). DE l tt chung ngoi (D thuc (O), E thuc
(O)), BD ct CE ti M
a) CMR: DME = 900
b) T gic ADME l hnh g? V sao?
c) MA l tt chung ca c 2 tr
d) MD.MB = ME.MC
LG
a) ta c : O1 = B1 + D1 (gc ngoi ca tam gic), m B1 = D1 (tam gic cn)
D
12
1
E
1
3
1
2
1
1
O'
2B
B
1O
O
(1)
1
1
1
1
2
' C
E
(gc ngoi ca tam gic), m C1 = E1 (tam gic cn)
+ li c : O
1
1
1
' 2C
'
C
1O
O
(2)
1
1
1
1
2
' 1 .1800 900
C
1 O
O
+ t (1) v (2) B
(theo tnh cht hnh thang)
1
1
1
1
2
2
BMC
900 hay DME
900
b) + tam gic ABD nt tr (O) c AB l knh => tam gic ABD vung ti D
=> ADB = 900 => ADM = 900
+ tam gic ACE nt tr (O) c AC l knh => tam gic ACE vung ti E
=> AEC = 900 => AEM = 900
+ t gic ADME c : ADM = DME = AEM = 900 => t gic ADME l hnh ch
nht
c) + gi I l giao im ca AM v DE => tam gic IAD cn ti I => A2 = D3 (3)
+ do tam gic OAD cn ti O nn suy ra: A1 = D2
(4)
0
+ t (3) v (4) => A1 + A2 = D2 + D3 = 90 (tnh cht tt ti D) => MA vung gc
vi AB ti A => MA l tt ca tr (O) v cng l tt ca tr (O)
Bi 3: Cho tr (O) v tr (O) tip xc ngoi ti A, BC l tt chung ngoi ca c 2 tr (B, C
l cc tip im). tt chung trong ca 2 tr ti A ct BC ti M
a) CMR: A, , C thuc tr (M) ng knh BC
b) ng thng OO c v tr ntn i vi tr (M; BC/2)
c) Xc nh tm ca tr i qua O, M, O
d) CMR: BC l tt ca tr i qua O, M, O
LG
a) theo tnh cht 2 tt ct nhau, ta c:
MA MB MC
1
BC tam gic ABC vung ti
2
A => a nm trn tr c knh BC. Hay 3 im A,

B, C thuc (M; BC/2)
b) v (O) v (O) tip xc ngoi ti A => A thuc
OO => OO vung gc vi MA ti A thuc (M;
BC/2) => OO l tt ca tr (M; BC/2)
c) theo tnh cht tt ct nhau, ta c:
O
A
O'
1
1
'
BMO
AMO AMB; CMO
AMO ' AMC
2
2
1
1
AMO AMO ' AMB AMC .1800 900
2
2
=> tam gic OMO vung ti M => tm ca tr i qua 3 im O, M, O l trung im I ca

cnh OO
d) + t gic BOOC l hnh thang vung v c BO // CO (cng vung gc vi BC)
+ Xt hnh thang BOOC, ta c:
BM MC
OI IO
'
MI l g trung bnh ca hthang BOOC
=> IM // OB, m BC OB => IM BC => BC l tt ca tr i qua 3 im O, O, M

Bi 4(BTVN): Cho tr (O) knh AB, im C nm gia A v O. V tr (O) knh BC
a) xc nh v tr tng i ca tr (O) v (O)
b) k dy DE ca tr (O) vung gc vi AC ti trung im H ca AC. T gic ADCE l
hnh g? V sao?
c) gi K l giao im ca DB v (O). CMR: 3 im E, C, K thng hng
d) CMR: HK l tt ca tr (O)
LG
a) ta c: OO = OB O B > 0 => (O) v (O) tip

D
xc trong ti B
b) + v AB DE ti H => DH = EH
K
+ xt t gic ADCE, ta c :
2 3
DH EH
AH CH Y ADCE l hnh thoi

AC DE
c) ta c :
1
OD OA OB AB ADB vung D AD BD
1
'
'
'
O C O K O B BC CKB vung K CK BD
O'
1
E
=> AD // CK
(1)
+ m ADCE l hnh thoi nn AD // CE
(2)
+ t (1) v (2) => C, K, E thng hng (theo Tin clit)
d) + v KH l trung tuyn ca tam gic DKE vung ti K => HD = HK = HE => tam gic
HKE cn ti H => K1 = E1
(*)
+ m E1 = B1 (cng ph vi BDE)
(**)
+ t (*) v (**) => K1 = B1
(3)
+ mt khc: B1 = K3 (tam gic O KB cn ti O)

(4)
+ t (3) v (4) => K1 = K3
+ do K 2 K3 900 K1 K 3 900 HK O ' K HK l tt ca tr (O)
**************************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
GII H PHNG TRNH BNG PHNG PHP CNG I S
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Quy tc cng i s: gm 2 bc
- Cng hay tr tng v 2 pt ca hpt cho c pt mi
- Dng pt mi y thay th cho 1 trong 2 pt ca h (gi nguyn pt kia)
2. Tm tt cch gii h phng trnh bng phng php cng i s
- Gii theo quy tc: Nhn bng, i i, cng, chia
Thay vo tnh nt n kia l thnh
- Ngha l:
+ nhn cho h s ca 1 n trong hai phng trnh bng nhau
+ i du c 2 v ca 1 pt: h s ca 1 n i nhau
+ cng v vi v ca 2 pt trong h, rt gn v tm 1 n
+ thay vo tnh nt n cn li
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Gii cc h phng trnh sau bng phng php cng i s
1
x 19
5x 2 y 1
3x 5 y 3
a)
x 1
2 x 3 y 2
b )
y0
3 x 2 y 3
12
19
2
y
3
d )
x y 1
y4
3x y 8
x3
c)
7 x 2 y 23 y 1
Bi 2: Gii h phng trnh bng phng php cng i s

x 2
2x 2 3y 5
a)
9
3
3 2x 3y
y
2
2
29
x 8
5 x 2 y 3 y 1
c)
2
x
3
x
5
y
12
y 33
40
1
x
e)
4
5 y x 5 3x 2 y
y 1
6 x y 8 2 x 3 y
x 5
3 5 x 4 y 15 2 7
b )
7
y
3 x 2 y 3
2
4 x 5 y 1 2 x 3
d )
h v nghim
B
3
7
x
5
2
y
3
x
3
1
2 2 x 1 3 y 2 6 x x
2
2
g )
3
23 4 3 x 2 y 5 x
y
2
i 3: Gii hpt bng phng php cng i s

x 1 2 x 2 2 9 y
a)
y 3
y 2
x 5
y3
5x
b )
7 x 5 x 6 y
2
2
2 y 6 y 4x
2
x0
y4
Bi 4: xc nh a, b th hs y = ax + b i qua 2 im A v B trong cc trng hp sau:

a) A(4; 3), B(-6; -7). p s: a = 1; b = -1
b) A(3; -1), B(-3; -2). p s: a = 1/6; b = -3/2
c) A(2; 1), B(1; 2). ap s: a = -1; b = 3
d) A(1; 3), B(3; 2). p s: a = -1/2; b = 7/2
x 1 y 2 2 x y
3
4
5
Bi 5: Tm m nghim ca h phng trnh:
cng l nghim ca
x
3
y
2y x
4
3
phng trnh: 3mx 5y = 2m + 1
x 1 y 2 2 x y
4 x 9 y 10 x 11
3
4
5
- ta c:
15 x 28 y 3 y 6
x 3 y 3 2y x
4
3
- thay x = 11; y = 6 vo phng trnh ta c: 3m.11 5.6 2m 1 31m 31 m 1
Bi 6 : Tm m ng thng (d) : y = (2m 5)x 5m i qua giao im ca 2 ng

thng (d1) : 2x + 3y = 7 v (d2) : 3x + 2y = 13
LG
- gi A l giao im ca ng thng (d 1) v (d2). Ta ca im A l nghim ca hpt :
2x 3y 7 x 5
=> A(5 ; -1)
3 x 2 y 13 y 1
- v g thg (d) i qua im A nn ta im A tha mn th (d). thay x = 5 ; y = -1 vo

(d) ta c : 1 2m 5 .5 5m 5m 24 m
24
5
Bi 7 : Tm m cc ng thg sau y ng quy :

(d1) : 5x + 11y = 8 ; (d2) : 4mx + (2m 1)y = m + 2 ; (d3) : 10x 7y = 74
LG
- gi A l giao im ca ng thng (d 1) v (d3). Ta ca im A l nghim ca hpt :
5 x 11y 8
x6
=> A(6 ; -2)
10 x 7 y 74 y 2
- 3 g thg trn ng quy th g thg (d 2) phi i qua im A, tc ta im A tha mn

th (d2). thay x = 6 ; y = -2 vo (d2) ta c : 4m.6 2m 1 . 2 m 2 19m 0 m 0
******************************************************
Ngy dy:
GII BI TON BNG CCH LP H PHNG TRNH
A. Kin thc c bn
gii bi ton bng cch lp h phng trnh ta thc hin theo 3 bc sau :
- bc 1 : lp hpt (bao gm cc cng vic sau)
+ chn n v t iu kin thch hp cho n)
+ biu din cc i lng cha bit theo n v cc i lng bit
+ lp hpt biu th tng quan gia cc i lng
- bc 2 : gii hpt va lp c bc 1
- bc 3 : kt lun : so snh nghim tm c vi iu kin t ra ban u
B. Bi tp p dng
Dng 1: Ton tm s
- Ta phi ch ti cu to ca mt s c hai ch s , ba ch s vit trong h thp phn.
iu kin ca cc ch s .
Bi 1: Tm hai s bit rng 4 ln s th hai cng vi 5 ln s th nht bng 18040, v 3 ln
s th nht hn 2 ln s th hai l 2002.
LG
- gi s th nht l x, s th hai l y x, y N
5 x 4 y 18040 x 2004
3 x 2 y 2002 y 2005
- theo bi ra, ta c :
Bi 2. Tm mt s t nhin c hai ch s, bit rng s gp 4 ln tng cc ch s ca n.

Nu vit hai ch s ca n theo th t ngc li th c s mi ln hn s ban u 36 n
v.
LG
- gi s t nhin cn tm c dng: ab a, b N ;0 a, b 9
ab 4(a b)
- theo bi ra, ta c:
ba ab 36
a4
ab 48
b8
Bi 3. Tm mt s c hai ch s. Bit rng nu vit thm s 1 vo bn phi s ny th c

mt s c ba ch s hn s phi tm 577 v s phi tm hn s nhng vit theo th t
ngc li l 18 n v.
LG
- gi s t nhin cn tm c dng: ab a, b N ;0 a 9;0 b 9
ab1 ab 577
- theo bi ra, ta c:
ab ba 18
10a b 64 a 6
ab 64
a b 2
b4
Bi 4. Tm mt s c hai ch s, bit rng tng hai ch s ca n nh hn s 6 ln v

thm 25 vo tch ca hai ch s s c s vit theo th t ngc li vi s phi tm.
LG
- gi s t nhin cn tm c dng: ab a, b N ;0 a, b 9

4a 5b
- theo bi ra, ta c:
ab 25 ba
ab 25 ba
ab 6 a b
25
a 4 loai
5

a b
b 5
4
b 2 9b 20 0
a 5 thoa man
b 4
- vy s cn tm l : 54
Dng 2: Ton lm chung, lm ring
- Ta coi ton b cng vic l 1 n v, nu gi thi gian lm xong cng vic l x th trong
mt n v thi gian lm c
1
cng vic .
x
* Ghi nh : Khi lp pt dng ton lm chung, lm ring khng c cng ct thi gian, nng
sut v th i gian ca cng 1 dng l 2 s nghch o ca nhau.
Bi 1: Hai vi nc chy cng vo 1 b khng c nc th trong 6 gi y b. Nu vi th
nht chy trong 2 gi, vi th 2 chy trong 3 gi th c
2
b. Hi mi vi chy bao lu
5
th s y b?
LG
* lp bng
TGHTCV
V1
x
V2
y
C 2 V
6
Nng sut 1h
Nng sut 2h
1
x
2
x
Nng sut 3h
1
y
1
6
3
y
2
5
1 1 1
x y6
x 10
* ta c hpt:
y 15
23 2
x y 5
Bi 2: Hai t cng lm chung cng vic trong 12 gi th xong, nhng hai t cng lm
trong 4 gi th t (I) c iu i lm vic khc , t (II) lm nt trong 10 gi th xong cng
vic. Hi mi t lm ring th trong bao lu xong vic.
* lp bng
T 1
T 2
C 2 t
TGHTCV
x
y
12
Nng sut 1h
1/x
1/y
1/12
Nng sut 4h
4/12 = 1/3
Nng sut 10h
10/y
1 1 1
x y 12
x 60
* ta c hpt:
y 15
1 10 1
3 y
Bi 3: Hai vi nc cng chy vo 1 bn khng c nc. Nu vi 1 chy trong 3h ri

dng li, sau vi 2 chy tip trong 8h na th y bn. Nu cho vi 1 chy vo bn
khng c nc trong 1h, ri cho c 2 vi chy tip trong 4h na th s nc chy vo bng
8/9 bn. Hi nu chy 1 mnh th mi vi s chy trong bao lu th y bn?
* lp bng
Vi 1
Vi 2
C 2 vi
Thi gian chy
x
y
1h
1/x
8/9
4h
4/x
4/y
3h
3/x
1
8h
8/y
3 8
x y 1
x9
* ta c hpt:
y 12
144 8
x x y 9
3
b. Nu vi th nht
10
4
chy trong 3 gi, vi th hai chy trong 2 gi th c hai vi chy c b. Tnh thi gian
5
Bi 4: Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt b cn trong mt gi c
mi vi chy mt mnh y b .
* lp bng
Vi 1
Vi 2
C 2 vi
TGHTCV
Nng sut 1h
Nng sut 2h
Nng sut 3h
x
1/x
y
1/y
2/y
3/10
4/5
3/x
1 1 3
x y 10
x5
* ta c hpt:
y 10
32 4
x y 5
Dng 3. Ton chuyn ng

Bi 1. Qung ng AC qua B di 270km, mt xe ti i t A n B vi vn tc 60km/h ri
i t B n C vi vn tc 40km/h, tt c ht 6gi, Tnh thi gian t i qung ng AB
v BC.
* Lp bng
Thi gian
Vn tc
Qung ng
x
AB
60
60x
y
BC
40
40y
* Ta c h phng trnh:
60 x 40 y 270
y9
Bi 2. Mt t v mt xe p chuyn ng t hai u mt qung ng sau 3 gi th gp

nhau. Nu i cng chiu v xut pht ti cng mt im, sau 1 gi hai xe cch nhau 28km.
Tnh vn tc xe p v t bit qung ng di 180km
* S :
XM
Gnhau
XD
XM
XD
* Lp bng:
Xe p
Xe my
t (i ngc chiu)
x
y
3
3
S (i ngc
chiu)
3x
3y
t (i cng
chiu)
1
1
S (i cng
chiu)
x
y
x 16
3 x 3 y 180 x y 60
y 44
x y 28
x y 28
* Ta c h phng trnh:
Bi 3: 1 t i q AB vi vn tc 50km/h, ri i tip q BC vi vn tc 45km/h. Bit tng

chiu di q AB v BC l 165km v thi gian t i q AB t hn thi gian t i q BC
l 30ph. Tnh thi gian t i trn mi q?
Gi thi gian t i trn AB, BC ln lt l x, y
3
50 x 45 y 165
2
Ta c h phng trnh:
1
x
2
2
Bi 4: 1 ca n xui dng 1 qung sng di 12km, ri ngc dng qung sng mt

2h30ph. Nu cng trn qung sng y, ca n xui dng 4km ri ngc dng 8km th ht
1h20ph. Tnh vn tc ring ca ca n v vn tc ca dng nc?
- gi v ca n l x, v dng nc l y (km/h; x > y > 0)
- v xui: x+y
- v ngc: x-y
12
x y
- ta c hpt
4
x y
12
5
x y 2
gii h ta c x = 10 ; y = 2 (tmk)
8
4
x y 3
Bi 5: Mt ca n chy trn sng xui dng 84 km v ngc dng 44 km mt 5 gi. Nu ca

n xui dng 112 km v ngc dng 110 km th mt 9 gi.Tnh vn tc ring ca ca n v
vn tc ca dng nc.
- gi x, y ln lt l vn tc ring ca ca n v vn tc ca dng nc (km, 0 < y < x)
- vn tc xui ca ca n: x + y
- thi gian xui dng 84km l: 84/x+y
- thi gian xui dng 112km l: 112/x+y
- vn tc ngc ca ca n: x - y
- thi gian ngc dng 44km l: 44/x-y
- thi gian ngc dng 110km l: 110/x-y
- theo bi ra ta c h phng trnh:
84
x y
112
x y
44
5
x y
1
1
t x y a; x y b
110
9
x y
Dng 4. Ton lin quan ti yu t hnh hc.

- Ta phi nm c cng thc tnh chu vi; din tch ca tam gic, hnh thang, hnh ch
nht, hnh vung, nh l Pi-ta-go.
Bi 1: 1 HCN c chu vi 80m. Nu tng chiu di thm 3m, tng chiu rng thm 5m th
din tch ca mnh t tng thm 195m2. Tnh chiu di, chiu rng ca mnh t
Gi chiu di l x, chiu rng l y
x 30
2 x y 80
y 10
x 3 y 5 xy 195
Ta c hpt
Bi 2: 1 tha rung HCN, nu tng chiu di thm 2m v tng chiu rng thm 3m th
din tch tng thm 100m2. Nu cng gim c chiu di v chiu rng i 2m th din tch
gim i 68m2. Tnh din tch ca tha rung ?
Gi chiu di HCN l x
Gi chiu rng HCN l y
x 2 y 3 xy 100
Ta c hpt
x 2 y 2 xy 68
x 22
y 14
Dng 5. Ton nng sut

* Ch :
- Nng sut (NS) l s sn phm lm c trong mt n v thi gian (t).
- (NS) x (t) = Tng sn phm thu hoch
Ngy dy: ..
CC GC VI NG TRN
A. Kin thc c bn
1. Gc tm. S o cung
a) nh ngha gc tm: Gc c nh trng vi tm ca trn gl gc tm
b) S o cung:
- S o ca cung nh bng s o ca gc tm chn cung
- S o ca cung ln bng hiu gia 360 0 v s o ca cung nh (c chung 2 mt vi cung
ln)
- S o ca na tr bng 1800
c) Tnh cht ca s o cung: Nu C l mt im nm trn cung AB th s AB =s AC +s CB

2. Lin h gia cung v dy
a) nh l 1: Vi 2 cung nh trong mt trn hay trong 2 trn bng nhau:
- 2 cung bng nhau cng 2 dy bng nhau
- 2 dy bng nhau cng 2 cung bng nhau
b) nh l 2: Vi 2 cung nh trong 1 trn hay trong 2 trn bng nhau:
- Cung ln hn cng dy ln hn
- Dy ln hn cng cung ln hn
3. Gc ni tip
a) nh ngha: Gc ni tip l gc c nh nm trn trn v 2 cnh cha 2 dy cung ca
trn . Cung nm trong gc gi l cung b chn
b) nh l: Trong 1 trn s o ca gc ni tip bng na s o ca cung b chn
c) Cc h qu: Trong mt trn
- Cc gc nt bng nhau chn cc cung bng nhau
- Cc gc nt cng chn 1 cung hoc chn cc cung bng nhau th bng nhau
- Gc nt (nhr hn hoc bng 900) c s o bng na s o ca gc tm cng chn mt
cung
- Gc nt chn na trn l gc vung
4. Gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy cung
a) nh ngha: Gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy cung l gc c nh ti tip im, mt
cnh l tip tuyn v cnh cn li cha dy cung
b) nh l: S ca gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy cung bng na s o ca cung b chn
c) nh l o: Nu B Ax c nh nm trn trn, mt cnh cha dy cung AB, c s bng
na s cung AB cng dy v cung ny nm bn trong gc th cnh Ax l 1 tia tip
tuyn ca trn
d) H qu: Trong 1 trn, gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy cung v gc ni tip cng chn
1 cung th bng nhau
5. Gc c nh bn trong trn. Gc c nh bn ngoi trn
a) Gc c nh bn trong trn
- nh l: S ca gc ..... bng na tng s ca 2 cung b chn
b) Gc c nh bn ngoi trn
- nh l: S ca gc ..... bng na hiu s ca 2 cung b chn

B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho (O) v 1 im M c nh khng nm trn trn. Qua M k 2 ng thng,
ng thng th nht ct trn (O) ti A v B, ng thng th hai ct trn (O) ti C v
D. CMR: MA.MB = MC.MD
LG
* TH1: im M nm bn trong trn (O)
A
- Xt tam gic MAC v tam gic MDB, ta c:
C
M
(i nh)
M
1
2
1
(gc nt chn cung BC)

CAM
BDM
M
O
2
C
D
MAC : MDB ( g .g )
MA MC
MA.MB MC.MD
MD MB
* TH2: im M nm bn ngoi trn (O)

- Xt tam gic MAD v tam gic MCB, ta c:
(chung)
M
B
(gc nt chn cung AC)
D
1
1
MAD : MCB ( g .g )
MA MD
MA.MB MC.MD
MC MB
=s DB
Bi 2: Trn mt trn ly lin tip ba cung: AC, CD, DB sao cho s AC =s CD

=600. hai ng thng AC v BD ct nhau ti E, hai tip tuyn ca trn ti B v C ct
nhau ti T. CMR:
a) AEB BTC
b) CD l tia phn gic ca gc BCT?
LG
E
1
2
1
1 1800 600 600
a) Ta c: AEB AB CD
2
1
1
CD
DB

BTC
BAC
BDC
AB AC
2
2
1
1800 600 600 600 600
2
Do : AEB BTC
1
300 (gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy
b) Ta c: C1 CD
2
cung)
1 DB
300 (gc ni tip)
C
2
2
. Do CD l phn gic ca gc BCT

C1 C
2
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trn (O), tia phn gic ca gc A ct BC D v ct
trn M.
a) CMR: OM vung gc vi BC
b) Phn gic ca gc ngoi ti nh A ca tam gic ABC ct (O) N. CMR ba im M, O,
N thng hng.
c) Gi K l giao im ca NA v BC, I l trung im ca KD. CMR: IA l tip tuyn ca

trn (O)
LG
x
A
3
2
1
1
D2 H
BM
CM
BM CM
a) Ta c: A1 A
2
BM CM
OM l trung trc ca BC OM BC
OB OC
1
Ax 1 .1800 900
BAC
C
b) Ta c: MAN
2
2
m MAN
l gc ni tip v MAN
900 MN l ng knh. Do M, O, N thng hng
c) Do MAN
900 DAK
900 DAK vung ti A
do
m IK = ID => IK = IA = ID => tam gic IAD cn ti I

IAD
D
1
IAD D2
D D

2
1
(1)
Mt khc: tam gic OAM cn ti O OAM

(2)
OMA
OMA
OMA
OAM
D
IAO
D
T (1) v (2) IAD
(3)
2
2
OMA
900 (4)
Do tam gic MHD vung ti H (theo a) D
2
T (3) v (4) IAO

900 IA l tip tuyn ca trn (O)
Bi 4: Cho na trn tm O ng knh AB. Gi C, D thuc na trn (C thuc cung
AD). AD ct BC ti H, AC ct BD ti E. Chng minh rng:
a) EH vung gc vi AB
b) V tip tuyn vi trn ti D, ct EH ti I. Chng minh rng: I l trung im ca EH
LG
E
1
I
C
1
2
2
H
1
a) Ta c: ACB 900 (gc nt chn na trn) AC BC
ADB 900 (gc nt chn na trn) AD BD

AE BC
Xt tam gic EAB, ta c: BE AD

H l trc tm ca tam gic EAB EH AB
m AD BC H
B
(cng ph F
); D
B
(cng chn cung AD)
b) Ta c: H
2
D
IHD cn ti I => IH = ID
H
(1)
2
2
B
900
E
1
D
900 E
D
IED
Mt khc: D
cn ti I => ID = IE
1
2
1
1
m B
2
(2)
T (1) v (2) => IH = IE => I l trung im ca EH

Bi 5: Cho (O), t im M nm ngoi trn (O) v cc tip tuyn MC, MD vi (O) (C, D
l cc tip im). V ct tuyn MAB khng i qua tm O, A nm gia M v B. Tia phn
gic ca gc ACB ct AB E
a) CMR: MC = ME
b) DE l phn gic ca gc ADB
c) Gi I l trung im ca AB. CMR 5 im O, I, C, M, D cng nm trn mt trn
d) CMR: M l phn gic ca gc CID
LG
C
M
I
a) + ta c: BCE
ACE (gt)
(cng chn cung AC)

CBA
MCA
BCE
CBA
ACE MCA
hay BCE
CBA
MCE
(1)
+ mt khc: BCE
(tnh cht gc ngoi ca tam gic)
CBA
CEM
+ t (1) v (2) MCE CEM MCE cn ti M => MC = ME
(2)
b) + v MC v MD l cc tip tuyn => MC = MD, m MC = ME => MD = ME => tam
gic MDE cn ti M MED

(1)
MDE
MDA
ADE
+ mt khc: MED B1 BDE (tnh cht gc ngoi ca tam gic)

(2)
BDE
ADE B
+ (1); (2) MDA
(3)
1
(cng chn cung AD)

B
+ li c: MDA
(4)
1
+ (3); (4) ADE BDE

DE l phn gic ca gc ADB
c) + do MC, MD l cc tip tuyn ca (O) OCM

ODM
900 4 im O, C, D, M
thuc trn c ng knh OM (*)
+ li c: I l trung im ca AB IO AB (nh l ng knh v dy) => IO vung gc
vi IM => tam gic IOM vung ti I => 3 im I, O, M thuc trn c ng knh OM
(**)
+ (*) v (**) => 5 im 0, I, C, M, D cng nm trn mt trn

d) + Xt trn i qua 5 im: O, I, C, M, D c ng knh OM, ta c:
1
CIM
sd CM
2
1
DIM
sd DM
2
gc nt
gc nt
CIM DIM IM l phn gic ca gc CID
sd DM

m CM DM sd CM
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip trn (O), ng cao AH ct trn D. K ng
knh AE. CMR:
a) BC song song vi DE
b) T gic BCED l hnh thang cn
LG
A
O
H
B
C
D
a) Ta c: BC vung gc vi AD (gt)
(1)
0
+ m ADE 90 (gc nt chn na trn) => DE vung gc vi AD

(2)
+ T (1) v (2) suy ra BC // DE (cng vung gc vi AD)
b) HTC = HT + 2 gc 1 y bng nhau (hoc 2 ng cho bng nhau)
(Ch : Hnh thang c 2 cnh bn bng nhau cha chc l HTC (VD: Hnh bnh hnh
l hnh thang c 2 cnh bn bng nhau nhng khng l HTC))
+ do BC // DE suy ra t gic BCED l hnh thang
(1)
+ li c: BC // DE sd BD sdCE (2 cung b chn gia hai dy song song th bng nhau)

D sdDE
sdCE
sdDE
sd BE
sdCD
BE CD (lin h gia cung v dy) (2)
sd B
+ t (1) v (2) suy ra t gic BCED l Hnh thang cn.
*************************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
HM S y ax a 0 . TH HM S y ax a 0
A. Kin thc c bn
2
1. Tnh cht hm s y ax a 0
a) Tnh cht:
Nu a > 0 th hm s nghch bin khi x < 0 v ng bin khi x > 0
Nu a < 0 th hm s nghch bin khi x > 0 v ng bin khi x < 0
b) Nhn xt:
Nu a > 0 th y > 0 vi mi x khc 0; y = 0 khi x = 0. gi tr nh nht ca hm s l y = 0.
Nu a < 0 th y < 0 vi mi x khc 0; y = 0 khi x = 0. gi tr ln nht ca hm s l y = 0.
2
2. Tnh cht th hm s y ax a 0
2
th hm s y ax a 0 l mt ng cong i qua gc ta v nhn trc Oy l

trc i xng. ng cong c gi l mt Parabol vi nh O.
Nu a > 0 th th nm pha trn trc honh, O(0;0) l im thp nht ca th.
Nu a < 0 th th nm pha di trc honh, O(0;0) l im cao nht ca th.
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho hm s y 5 x 2
2
1
2
a) Lp bng tnh gi tr ca y vi cc gi tr ca x ln lt bng: -2; -1; ; 0;
1
; 1; 2
2
b) Vi gi tr no ca x th hm s nhn gi tr tng ng bng: 0; -7,5; -0,05; 50; -120

LG
a) Bng cc gi tr tng ng ca x v y l:
1
1
x
-2
-1
0
1
2
y 5 x
-20
-5
2
5
2
5
4
-5
-20
b)
+ Vi y = 0 ta c: 5 x 2 0 x 2 0 x 0
+ Vi y = -7,5 ta c: 5 x 2 7,5 x 2 1,5 x 1,5
+ Vi y = -0,05 ta c: 5 x 2 0, 05 x 2 0, 01 x 0,1
+ Vi y = -7,5 ta c: 5 x 2 50 x 2 10 pt v nghim
+ Vi y = -7,5 ta c: 5 x 2 120 x 2 24 x 2 6
2
2
Bi 2: Cho hm s y m m x . Tm gi tr ca m :
a) Hm s ng bin vi mi x > 0
b) Hm s nghch bin vi mi x > 0
LG
2
Ta c: a m m m. m 1
m 0

m 1 0
a) Hm s ng bin vi mi x > 0 a 0 m. m 1 0
vy m > 1 hoc m < 0 th hm s ng bin vi mi x > 0

b)
Hm
s
nghch
bin
vi
a 0 m. m 1 0
m 0

m 1 0

m0
m 1 0
m
0
m 1
m0
m 1
m0
m 1 0
mi
m
0
m 1
m0
m 1
m 1
m0
>
0 m 1
0 m 1
khng m

Bi 3: Cho hm s y ax 2 . Xc nh h s a trong cc trng hp sau:
a) th ca n i qua im A(3; 12)

b) th ca n i qua im B(-2; 3)
LG
a) V th hs i qua im A nn ta im A tha mn hs, ta c: 12 a.32 a
4
3
b) V th hs i qua im B nn ta im B tha mn hs, ta c: 3 a. 2 a

2
3
4
Bi 4: Cho hm s y ax 2
a) Xc nh h s a, bit rng th hm s i qua im A(2; 2)
b) V th hm s vi gi tr ca a va tm c
LG
a) V th hs i qua im A nn ta im A tha mn hs, ta c: 2 a.22 a
1
2
1
2
b) Vi a = ta c hm s sau: y x 2
14
12
10
fx =
1
2
x2
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-2
Bi 5: Cho hm s y 0, 4 x 2 . Cc im sau y, im no thuc th hm s, im no

khng thuc th hm s: A(-2; 1,6), B(3; 3,5), C( 5 ; 0,2)
LG
PP: mun kim tra xem 1 im thuc hay khng thuc th hs ta lm nh sau: thay
honh ca im vo hm s, nu gi tr ca hs bng vi tung ca n th im
thuc th hs; nu gi tr ca hs khng bng vi tung ca n th im khng thuc
th hs.
- im A(-2; 1,6)
2
Thay x = -2 vo hm s ta c: y 0, 4 2 1, 6 , do im A thuc th hs
- im B(3; 3,5)
Thay x = 3 vo hs ta c: y 0, 4.32 3, 6 3,5 do im B khng thuc th hs
- im C( 5 ; 0,2)
Thay x = 5 vo hs ta c: y 0, 4. 5 2 0, 2 do im C khng thuc th hs
2
1
2
Bi 6: Cho 2 hm s y x 2 v y = 2x 2
a) V th 2 hm s trn trn cng 1 mt phng ta
b) Tm ta giao im ca 2 th
LG
a) V th
14
12
10
fx =
1
2
x2
g x = 2x-2
6
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-2
1
b) pt honh giao im ca 2 th: x 2 2 x 2 x1 x2 2
2
thay x = 2 vo 1 trong 2 hs ta c: y = 2.2 2 = 2. Vy ta giao im ca 2 th l

M(2; 2)
a) Xc nh a bit rng th hm s ct ng thng y = -3x + 4 ti im A c honh
bng -2.
b) Vi gi tr ca a va tm c, v th 2 hm s trn cng mt phng ta
c) Tm ta giao im ca 2 th
LG
a) tung ca im A l: y = -3.(-2) + 4 = 10. Vy ta im A(-2; 10)
v th hs y ax 2 i qua im A nn ta im A tha mn hs, ta c: 10 a 2 a
2
5
2
5
2
. Khi hs c dng: y x 2
b) v th 2 hs trn cng mt phng ta
10
hx =
5
2
x2
4
qx = -3x+4
-10
-5
10
15
20
-2
-4
-6
5 2
4
x 3 x 4 x1 ; x2 2
2
5
4
4
8
4 8
+ Vi x1 y1 3. 4 ta im A( ; )
5
5
5
5 5
+ Vi x1 2 y1 3. 2 4 10 ta im B(-2; 10)
c) pt honh giao im ca 2 th:
a) Xc nh a bit rng th hm s ct ng thng y = -2x + 3 ti im A c honh

bng 1.
b) Vi gi tr ca a va tm c, v th 2 hm s trn cng mt phng ta
c) Tm ta giao im ca 2 th.
LG
a) tung ca im A l: y = -2.1 + 3 = 1, do ta ca im A l A(1; 1)
v th hs y ax 2 i qua im A nn ta im A tha mn hs, ta c: 1 a.12 a 1 .
Khi hs c dng: y x 2
b) v th 2 hs trn cng mt phng ta
14
12
10
gx = -2x+3
fx = x2
2
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-2
c) pt honh giao im ca 2 th: x 2 2 x 3 x1 1; x2 3

+ Vi x1 1 y1 2.1 3 1 ta im A(1; 1)
+ Vi x1 3 y1 2. 3 3 9 ta im B(-3; 9)
Bi 9: Cho 2 hm s (P): y x 2 v (d): y = 2x + 1.
a) V trn cng mt phng ta th 2 hm s trn
b) Xc nh ta giao im ca (P) v (d)
c) Tm hm s (d1): y = ax + b bit rng th ca n i qua im A(-2; -1) v song song
vi (d).
LG
a) v th 2 hs
6
qx = 2x+1
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-2
-4
h x = -x2
-6
-8
-10
b) pt honh giao im ca 2 th: x 2 2 x 1 x1 x2 1

2
+ Vi x1 1 y1 1 1 ta im A(-1; -1)
c) v (d1) // (d) nn a = 2. khi (d1) c dng: y = 2x + b
mt khc (d1) i qua A nn ta ca A tha mn (d1), ta c: -1 = 2.(-2) + b => b = 3
vy hm s (d1): y = 2x + 3
Bi 10: Trn cng 1 mt phng ta , cho Parabol (P): y x 2 v ng thng (d):
y x 2
a) V (P) v (d)
b) Tm ta giao im ca (P) v (d)
c) Tm hm s (d1): y = ax + b bit rng th ca n song song vi (d) v ct (P) ti im
M c honh bng 2
LG
a) v th
14
12
10
rx = x2
2
s x = -x+2
-15
-10
-5
10
15
-2
b) pt honh giao im ca 2 th: x x 2 x1 1; x2 2

2
+ Vi x1 1 y1 1 1 ta im A(1; 1)
2
+ Vi x1 2 y1 2 4 ta im A(-2; 4)
c) v d1 // d nn a = -1, do d1 c dng: y = -x + b
+ tung ca im M l: y = 22 = 4. Ta im M(2; 4)
+ mt khc d1 i qua M nn ta c: 4 = -2 + b => b = 6
Vy pt d1: y = -x + 6
2
*************************************************************
Ngy dy: ..
PHNG TRNH BC HAI MT N
A. Kin thc c bn
2
1. nh ngha: pt bc hai mt n l pt c dng: ax bx c 0 a 0
n; a, b, c l cc s cho trc.
2. Cch gii
(1), trong x l
x0
x0
a) Khuyt c (c = 0): pt (1) tr thnh: ax bx 0 x ax b 0

xb
ax
c
b) Khuyt b (b = 0): pt (1) tr thnh: ax 2 c 0 ax 2 c x 2
(2)
a
c
- nu 0 th pt (2) v nghim, suy ra pt (1) cung v nghim
a
c
c
- nu 0 x
a
a
2
c) y : ax bx c 0 a 0
2
Cng thc nghim
Cng thc nghim thu gn
b 2 4ac
+ Nu 0 th pt c 2 nghim phn bit:

b
b
; x2
2a
2a
0
+ nu
th pt c nghim
b
x1 x2
2a
+ nu 0 th pt v nghim
x1
' b'2 ac
+ Nu ' 0 th pt c 2 nghim phn bit:
b ' '
b ' '
x1
; x2
a
a
'
kp: + nu 0 th pt c nghim
b '
x1 x2
a
'
+ nu 0 th pt v nghim
kp:
d) Cho pt: ax bx c 0 a 0 . iu kin phng trnh:

- V nghim: 0 ( ' 0 )
- Nghim kp: 0 ( ' 0 )
- C 2 nghim phn bit: 0 ( ' 0 ) hoc a.c < 0
2
' 0
- C 2 nghim cng du:
x1.x2 0
' 0
- C 2 nghim cng du m: x1.x2 0
x x 0
1
2
' 0
- C 2 nghim cng du dng: x1.x2 0
x x 0
1
2
' 0
- C 2 nghim khc du:
x1.x2 0
3. H thc Vi-t v ng dng
b
x1 x2
a
2
- nh l: Nu x1; x2 l 2 nghim ca pt ax bx c 0 a 0 th
c
x .x
1 2 a
- ng dng nhm nghim ca h thc Vi-t:

2
+ nu pt ax bx c 0 a 0 c a b c 0 th pt c 2 nghim l: x1 1; x2
c
a
2
+ nu pt ax bx c 0 a 0 c a b c 0 th pt c 2 nghim l: x1 1; x2
c
a
uv S
th suy ra u, v l nghim ca pt: x 2 Sx P 0 (iu kin tn ti u, v l
u.v P
+ nu
S 2 4P 0 )
B. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) 5 x 2 6 x 0
c) 8 x 2 5 x 0
e) 2 x 2 42 0
6
x1 0; x2
5
5
x1 0; x2
8
b) 2 x 2 1 0
d ) 2 x 2 3x 0
x
1
21; x2 21
2
2
; x2
2
2
3
x1 0; x2
2
x1
a) 3x 2 4 x 1 0
c) x 2 6 x 55 0
1
x1 1; x2
3
b) x 2 10 x 39 0
x1 11; x2 5
d ) 3 x 2 x 70 0
x1 3; x2 13
14
x1 5; x2
3
1
x1 2; x2
2
e) 2 x 2 5 x 2 0

2
a) 2 x 1 2 x 1 x 3 1 5 x 2 6 x 7 0 pt v nghim
10
2
2
b) 4 x 1 2 x x 6 1 0 14 x 20 x 0 x1 0; x2
7
11
2
c) 3x 1 x 2 20 3 x 5 x 22 0 x1 2; x2
3
15
2
d) x 4 4 x 3 3 0 4 x 19 x 15 0 x1 1; x2
4
Bi 4: Chng t rng vi mi m cc phng trnh sau lun lun c 2 nghim phn bit.
2
a) x 2 1 m x m 0
2
1
3
Ta c: ... m m 1 m 0, m , do enta dng vi mi m nn pt c 2
2
4
'
nghim phn bit vi mi gi tr ca m

b) x 2 mx m 2 1 0
'
2
2
2
Ta c: ... m 4 m 1 ... 5m 4 0, m , do enta dng vi mi m nn pt c 2
nghim phn bit vi mi gi tr ca m
2
Bi 5: Cho pt mx 2m 1 x 2 0 . Tm m pt c nghim kp
Pt c nghim kp:
m0
m0
a0
3 2 2
3 2 2
m1
; m2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
; m2
0
4m 12m 1 0
m1
2
2
2
x2 2x m 0
1 ;
2 . Vi gi tr no ca m
Bi 6: Cho 2 pt sau: x mx 2 0
th 2 pt trn c 1 nghim chung

m2 2
'
2
- k pt (1) c nghim l: 1 m 8 0
m 2 2
(*)
- k pt (2) c nghim l: '2 1 m 0 m 1 (**)

- t (*) v (**) suy ra c 2 pt c nghim th m 2 2
- gi s x0 l 1 nghim chung ca 2 pt trn, ta c :
x02 mx0 2 x02 2 x0 m
0 mx0 2 2 x0 m 0 m 2 x0 m 2 x0
khc 2 do m 2 2 )
- thay x0 = 1 vo (1) hoc (2) ta c: 12 m 2 0 m 3
Vy m = -3 th 2 pt trn c 1 nghim chung
Bi 7: Tm m 2 pt sau c nghim chung?
x2 m 4 x m 5 0
x2 m 2 x m 1 0
1
2
m2
1 (v m
m2
m 2 2 2
2
- k pt (1) c nghim l: 1 m 4m 4 0
m 2 2 2
- k pt (2) c nghim l: 2 m 2 0, m
(*)
(**)
m 2 2 2
- t (*) v (**) suy ra c 2 pt c nghim th
m 2 2 2
(***)
- gi s x0 l nghim chung ca 2 pt trn, ta c :
x02 m 4 x0 m 5 x02 m 2 x0 m 1 0 m 4 m 2 x0 4 x0 2
- thay x0 = 2 vo (1) ta c: 4 (m 4).2 m 5 0 m 1 (tha mn (***))
Vy m = 1 th 2 pt trn c nghim chung.

Bi 8: Tm m 2 pt sau c nghim chung?
2 x 2 mx 1 0
mx 2 x 2 0
1
2
- k pt (1) c nghim l: 1 m 2 8 0, m
- k pt (2) c nghim l: 2 1 8m 0 m
(*)
1
8
- t (*) v (**) suy ra c 2 pt c nghim th m
(**)
1
(***)
8
- gi s x0 l nghim chung ca 2 pt trn, khi :

2 x02 mx0 1 mx02 x0 2
0 m 2 x02 m 1 x0 3 0
1
8
2 m 2
m 1 5 m
3
m 1 5 m
2m 4
phn bit: x01 2 m 2 m 2 ; x02 2 m 2 2 m 2 2 m 2 1
3
x01
thay
vo
(1)
ta
m2
2
3
2
3
2.
1 0 18 3m m 2 m 2 0 m 2 m 7 0 (phng
m.
m2
m 2
nghim v c m 27 0 )
- thay x02 1 vo (1) ta c: 2.12 m.1 1 0 m 1 (tha mn (***))
2
Ta c: m 2 10m 25 m 5 0 m 5 5 m (v m ), nn pt c 2 nghim
c:
trnh v
Vy m = -1 th 2 pt trn c nghim chung.

Bi 9: Cho pt x 2 4 x m 1 0
a) xc nh m pt c nghim
b) Tm m pt c 2 nghim tha mn: x12 x22 10
LG
'
'
a) Ta c: ... 3 m . Pt c nghim 0 3 m 0 m 3
x1 x2 4
x1.x2 m 1
b) vi m 3 gi s pt c 2 nghim l x1 ; x2. theo Vi-t ta c:
(*)
li c: x12 x22 10 x1 x2 2 x1 x2 10
(**)
2
thay (*) vo (**) ta c: 4 2 m 1 10 m 2 (tha mn iu kin)
2
Bi 10: Cho pt 3x 2 5 x m 0 . Xc nh m pt c 2 nghim tha mn x12 x22

Ta c: ... 25 12m
5
9
Pt c 2 nghim 0 25 12m m
25
12
(*)
5
x1 x2
(1)
25
3
vi m
gi s pt c 2 nghim l x1 ; x2. theo Vi-t ta c:
12
x .x m
2
1 2 3
5
5
5
5
1
li c: x12 x22 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2 x1 x2
(3)
9
9
3
9
3
5
x1 x2 3 x1 1
kt hp (1) v (3) ta c h phng trnh:

2 thay vo (2) ta c
x x 1 x2 3
1 2 3
2 m
1. m 2 (tha mn k (*))
3 3
Bi 11: Cho pt x 2 2mx 2m 1 0
a) Chng t rng pt c nghim x1, x2 vi mi m

2
2
b) t A 2 x1 x1 5 x1 x2
* CMR: A 8m 2 18m 9
* Tm m A = 27
c) Tm m pt c nghim ny bng 2 ln nghim kia
LG
2
2
a) ta c m 2m 1 m 1 0, m , do pt c 2 nghim vi mi gi tr ca m
x1 x2 2m
(*)
x1.x2 2m 1
b) + vi mi m pt c nghim x1, x2. theo Vi-t ta c:

t A 2 x12 x12 5 x1 x2 A 2 x1 x2 9 x1 x2
2
(**)
thay (*) vo (**) ta c: A 2 2m 9 2m 1 8m2 18m 9 => pcm

2
+ vi A = 27 suy ra 8m 2 18m 9 27 8m 2 18m 18 0 m1 3; m2
3
4
c) gi s x1 = 2.x2, kt hp (*) ta c:
4m
4m
x1 3
x1 3
x1 2 x2
x1 2 x2
2m
2m
x1 x2 2m 3 x2 2m
x2
2
3
3
x1.x2 2m 1 x1 .x2 2m 1
2
4m 2 m
8m 18m 9 0
3 . 3 2m 1
3
2
gii pt 8m 2 18m 9 0 m1 ; m2
3
4
***************************************************
Ngy dy: .
CC GC VI NG TRN T GIC NI TIP
A. Kin thc c bn: T gic ni tip
1. nh ngha: T gic c 4 nh nm trn trn gl t gic ni tip
2. Tnh cht: Trong 1 t gic ni tip tng s o cc gc i din bng 1800

3. Du hiu: chng minh mt t gic ni tip trn ta chng minh:
- T gic c 4 nh nm trn trn
- T gic c tng 2 gc i din bng 1800
- T gic c 2 gc bng nhau cng nhn xung 1 cnh
B. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, im M nm trn AC, trn ng knh CM ct
BC ti E, BM ct rn ti D
a) CMR: t gic BADC ni tip
b) DB l phn gic ca gc EDA
c) CMR 3 ng thng BA, EM, CD ng quy
B
E
1
O
2
1
D
a) ta c: BAC
900 (gt)
BDC
900 (gc nt chn na trn)
Suy ra t gic BADC nt trn ng knh BC
(cng chn cung ME)
b) ta c: C1 D
1
(cng chn cung AB)
v t gic BADC nt C1 D
2
D1 D2 DB l phn gic ca gc EDA

c) gi s AB ct CD ti K
CK BK
xt tam gic KBC, ta c: BD CK M l trc tm ca tam gic KBC KM BC

CA BD M
mt khc ME BC (gc nt chn na trn), suy ra thng KM v ME trng nhau

do 3 thng AB, EM, CD ng quy ti K
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC c 3 gc nhn. ng trn tm O ng knh BC ct AB ti E,
ct AC ti F. Cc tia BE c CE ct nhau ti H. CMR:
a) AH vung gc vi BC
b) Gi K l giao im ca AH v BC. CMR: FB l phn gic ca gc EFK
c) Gi M l trung im ca BH. CMR: t gic EMKF nt
F
1
2
H
M1 2
2
a) ta c: BEC
900 (gc nt chn na trn) CE AB
BFC
900 (gc nt chn na trn) BF AC
CE AB
xt tam gic ABC, ta c: BF AC H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC AH BC

BF CE H
F
(cng chn cung HK)
F
1800 t gic CKHF nt C
b) xt t gic CKHF, c: K
1
mt khc: C1 F1 (cng chn cung BE)

, do FB l phn gic ca gc EFK
suy ra F F
1
K
(cng chn cung HE)
E
1800 t gic BKHE nt B
c) xt t gic BKHE c K
1
1
m: B1 C2 (cng chn cung EF)

C
(cng chn cung HF)
mt khc, do t gic CKHF nt K
1
2
K
C
K
suy ra B
(1)
1
1
2
2
xt tam gic BEH, c:
900
E
BM HM ME BME cn ti M
BM HM
(tnh cht gc ngoi ca tam gic)

2B
do EMF
(2)
1
2K
EKF
2K
t gic EMKF nt
t (1) v (2) EMF
1
2
Bi 3: Cho trn (O), im A nm bn ngoi trn. Qua A k 2 tip tuyn AB, AC vi
trn (B, C l cc tip im). M l mt im trn dy BC, thng qua M vung gc vi
OM ct tia AB v AC ln lt ti D v E. CMR:
a) Cc t gic: BDOM; ECOM nt
b) M l trung im ca DE
D
1
B
1M
O
1
C
a) xt t gic BDOM, ta c:
DMO
900 (gt)
DBO
900 (tnh cht tip tuyn)
1
E
Suy ra 4 im B, D, O, M nm trn trn ng knh DO, do t gic BDOM nt

xt t gic ECOM, ta c:
OME
900 (gt)
OCE
900 (tnh cht tip tuyn)
Suy ra OME
OCE
1800 do t gic ECOM nt
D
(cng chn cung MO)
b) v t gic BDOM nt nn B
(1)
1
1
(cng chn cung MO)
t gic ECOM nt nn C1 E
(2)
1
C
(v tam gic OBC cn ti O)
m B
1
1
E
, do tam gic ODE cn ti O, li c OM DE (gt), do
t (1), (2) v (3) suy ra D
1
1
OM l ng cao ng thi l ng trung tuyn ng vi cnh DE => MD = ME. pcm
Bi 4: Cho trn (O) v (O) ct nhau ti A v B (O v O thuc 2 na mt phng b AB).
Qua B k ct tuyn vung gc vi AB ct trn (O) C, ct trn (O ) D, tia CA ct (O)
I, tia DA ct (O) K.
a) CMR: t gic CKID nt
b) Gi M l giao im ca CK v DI. Chng minh 3 im M, A, B thng hng
M
K
I
A
O'
O
C
a) v ABC 900 AC l ng knh ca (O)

ABD 900 AD l ng knh ca (O)
Ta c: CKA
900 (gc nt chn na trn (O))
DIA
900 (gc nt chn na trn (O ))
Do : CKA
DIA
t gic CKID nt ng trn ng knh CD
CI MD
b) xt tam gic MCD, ta c: DK MC
CI DK
A l trc tm ca t.gic MCD MA CD (1)
m AB CD
(2)
t (1) v (2) suy ra 3 im M, A, B thng hng. pcm
Bi 5: Cho trn (O) ng knh AB, M l 1 im trn trn; C l 1 im nm gia A v
B. qua M k thng vung gc vi CM, thng ny ct cc tip tuyn ca (O) k t A v B
ln lt ti E v F. CMR:
a) Cc t gic: AEMC, BCMF nt
b) Tam gic ECF vung ti C
E
1
M
1
2
A
1
C
2
B
900 900 1800 , m gc A v gc M l 2 gc v tr i

a) xt t gic AEMC c: A M
din, do t gic AEMC nt
chng minh tng t ta cng c t gic BCMF nt
(cng chn cung MC)
b) v t gic ACME nt A1 E
(1)
1
t gic BCMF nt B1 F1 (cng chn cung MC)
(2)
ta c: AMB 900 (gc nt chn na trn) A1 B1 900
(3)
t (1); (2) v (3) E1 F1 900
F
900 ECF
900 ECF vung ti C

xt tam gic ECF, c: E
1
1
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC nhn nt trn (O), c 2 ng cao BB v CC
a) CMR: t gic BCBC nt
b) Tia AO ct trn (O) D v ct BC I. CMR: t gic BDIC nt
c) Chng minh OA vung gc vi BC
A
B'
I
O
C'
'C BC
'C 900 t gic BCBC nt
a) xt t gic BCBC c BB
b) ta c: ACB ADB (cng chn cung AB)
(1)

mt khc do t gic BCB C nt BC ' B ' ACB 1800 (2)
' B ' ADB 1800 hay BC

' I IDB
t (1) v (2) BC
1800 , suy ra t gic BDIC nt
c) ta c: ABD 900 (gc nt chn na trn) C ' BD 900
do t gic BDIC nt C ' BD C ' ID 1800 C ' ID 900 AO B 'C '
Bi 7: Cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M, N l 2 im ln lt trn 2 cnh BC v CD sao cho
MAN
450 . AM v AN ct ng cho BD ti P v Q. Gi H l giao im ca MQ v NP.
CMR:
a) T gic ABMQ nt
b) Tam gic AQM vung cn
c) AH vung gc vi MN
A
1
450
B
2
P
M
H
Q
1
2
D
a) v ABCD l hnh vung c BD l ng cho, nn BD l phn gic ca gc ABC

B
1 .900 450 B
QAM
B
450 t gic ABMQ nt
1
2
2
2
b) v t gic ABMQ nt ABM AQM 1800 900 AQM 1800 AQM 900 MQ AN
A 450
xt tam gic AQM, c:

AQM vung cn ti Q
AQM 900
c) ta c: DB l ng cho ca hnh vung ABCD nn DB l phn gic ca gc ADC

D
1 .900 450
D
1
2
2
450 t gic ADNP nt

D
t gic ADNP c DAN
2
0
0
ADN APN 180 90 APN 1800 APN 900 NP AM
MQ AN
Xt tam gic AMN, ta c: NP AM H l trc tm ca tam gic AMN AH MN

MQ NP H
****************************************************************
Ngy dy:..
PHNG TRNH QUY V PHNG TRNH BC HAI
A. Kin thc c bn:
1. Phng trnh trng phng.
4
2
- dng tng qut: ax bx c 0 a 0
2
- cch gii: dng phng php t n ph, t x t t 0 . Khi ta c pt: at 2 bt c 0
(y l pt bc hai mt n)
2. Phng trnh cha n mu: Cc bc gii
- Tm k xc nh ca pt
- Quy ng mu thc c 2 v ca pt, ri kh mu
- Gii pt va nhn c
- Kt lun: so snh nghim tm c vi k xc nh ca pt
3. Phng trnh tch.
- dng tng qut: A x .B x ... 0
A x 0
- cch gii: A x .B x ... 0
B x 0
B. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Gii phng trnh.
a) x 4 5 x 2 6 0
b) 4 x 4 3 x 2 1 0
c) x 4 29 x 2 100 0
d ) x 4 13 x 2 36 0

a)
1
3
1
2
2 x 1 x 1 4
c)
30
13
7 18 x
2
3
2
x 1 x x 1 x 1
a ) x 2 3 x 1 x 2 3x 2 2
2x 1
x 2 8x2 3
18 x 6 3 x 1 9 x 2 1
d)
7
x 4 3 x 2 38
2
x 1 2x 2
x 1
b) x x 2 6 x 2 x 1
2
d ) 2 x 2 3 10 x 3 15 x 0
c) x 5 x 2 x 7 x 7 12 x 23
2
b)
e) x 3 5 x 2 x 5 0
Bi 4: Tm m pt n x sau c 4 nghim: x 4 6 x 2 m 0
(1)
2
2
t x t t 0 . Khi pt (1) tr thnh: t 6t m 0
(2)
pt (1) c 4 nghim th pt (2) phi c 2 nghim phn bit dng
' 9 m 0
t1 t2 6 0 0 m 9
t .t m 0
1 2
Bi 5: Tm m pt c 2 nghim: x 2 m 1 x m 3 0
(1)
2
2
t x t t 0 . Khi pt (1) tr thnh: t 2 m 1 t m 3 0
(2)
pt (1) c 2 nghim th pt (2) phi c 1 nghim dng (hay c 2 nghim tri du)
4
1 m 2 m 3 0
m 3 0
t1.t2 0
'
m 3m 4 0
m3 0
3
7
m 0 m m 3
2
4
m3
m3
Bi 6: Cho pt: mx 2 m 3 x m 0 (1). Vi gi tr no ca m th pt c 4 nghim?

2
2
t x t t 0 . Khi pt (1) tr thnh: mt 2 m 3 t m 0
(2)
pt (1) c 4 nghim th pt (2) phi c 2 nghim dng phn bit:
4
am0
m0
m0
m 3 m 0
3
3
6
m
m0
2 m 3
2
2
0 m3
t1 t2
0 3 m 0
m
t1.t2 1 0
'
***************************************************************
Ngy dy:
GII BI TON BNG CCH LP PHNG TRNH H PHNG TRNH
A. Kin thc c bn:
- cc bc gii bi ton bng cch lp pt (hpt): 3 bc
B. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Tm 2 s bit tng ca chng bng 17 v tng cc bnh phng ca chng l 157.
Gi s th nht l x (x < 17)
S th hai l: 17 x
2
Theo bi ra ta c pt: x 2 17 x 157 ... 2 x 2 34 x 132 0 x1 11; x2 6
Vy 2 s cn tm l: 11 v 6
Bi 2: Hai t nh c trong thng u bt c 590 tn c, thng sau t 1 vt mc 10%,
t 2 vt mc 15%, do cui thng c hai t bt c 660 tn c. Tnh xem trong thng
u mi t bt c bao nhiu tn c.
* Cch 1: lp pt
Thng u
Thng sau
x
x 10%.x
T 1
590 x
T 2
590 x 15%. 590 x
Ta c pt: x 10%.x 590 x 15%. 590 x 660 ...x 370

Vy t 1: 370 tn c; t 2: 220 tn c
* Cch 2: lp h pt
Thng u
Thng sau
x
x 10%.x 1,1x
T 1
y
y 15%. y 1,5 y
T 2
.
x y 590
x 370
1,1x 1,5 y 660 y 220
Ta c hpt:
Bi 3: Ly 1 s c 2 ch s chia cho s vit theo th t ngc li th c thng l 4 v

d 15. nu ly s tr i 9 th c 1 s bng tng bnh phng ca mi ch s . Tm
s ny?
Gi s cn tm l xy x, y N ;0 x, y 9
S vit theo th t ngc li l: yx
V ly xy em chia cho yx c thng l 4 v d 15 nn ta c:
xy 4 yx 15 2 x 13 y 5
(1)
Ly xy tr i 9 c 1 s bng tng bnh phng ca mi ch s, nn ta c:
xy 9 x 2 y 2 10 x y 9 x 2 y 2
(2)
2 x 13 y 5
T (1) v (2) ta c hpt:
10 x y 9 x y
2
...
x9
xy 91
y 1
Bi 4: hai vi nc cng chy vo 1 ci b sau 1 thi gian th y b. Nu vi 1 chy 1

mnh th lu hn 2h mi y b so vi c 2 vi, vi 2 chy 1 mnh th phi lu hn 4,5h
mi y b so vi c 2 vi. Hi nu chy 1 mnh th mi vi chy bao lu mi y b?
C 2 vi
Vi 1
Vi 2
x
x 4,5
x
2
TGHTCV
1
1
1
1h chy c
x
1
x2
2
Ta c pt: x 2 x 4,5 x ... x 9 x 3
Nghim tha mn l x = 3
x 4,5
Bi 5: 1 cng nhn phi hon thnh 50 sn phm trong 1 thi gian quy nh. Do ci tin k
thut nn mi gi tng nng sut thm 5 sn phm v th ngi y hon thnh k hoaahj
sm hn thi gian quy nh l 1h40ph. Tnh s sn phm mi gi ngi phi lm theo
d nh.
S sn phm mi gi lm
TGHTCV
x
50
D nh
x
50
x5
x5
Thc t
. Ta c pt:
50 50
5
..... x 2 5 x 150 0
x x5 3
x1 10; x2 15
Nghim tha mn l x = 10
Bi 6: 1 chic thuyn khi hnh t bn sng A. sau 2h40ph mt ca n chy t A ui theo
v gp thuyn cch bn A 10km. Hi vn tc ca thuyn, bit rng vn tc ca n hn vn
tc ca thuyn l 12km/h.
S
V
T
10
x 12
Ca n
10
Thuyn
10
x 12
10
x
.. ta c pt:
10
10
8
30 x 12 30 x 8 x x 12 .... 8 x 2 96 x 360 0
x x 12 3
x1 3; x2 15
Gi tr tha mn l x = 3
Bi 7: khong cch gia 2 bn sng A v B l 30km. 1 ca n i t A n B, ngh 40ph B,
ri li tr v A. thi gian k t lc i n lc tr v A l 6h. Tnh vn tc ca ca n khi
nc yn lng, bit vn tc dng nc l 3km/h.
V
S
T
x
Nc yn lng
30
x3
xui
30
Ngc
x 3
30
x3
30
x3
Ta c phng trnh:
30 2 30
30
30 16
3

6
8 x 2 90 x 72 0 x1 12; x2
x 3 3 x 3
x 3 x 3 3
4
Bi 8: 1 phng hp c 360 gh c xp thnh cc dy v s gh trong mi dy u bng

nhau. Nu s dy tng thm 1 v s gh trong mi dy tng thm 1 th th phng hp c
400 gh. Tnh s dy gh v s gh trong 1 dy lc ban u.
S dy
S gh trong 1 dy S gh ca c phng
y
xy
x
Ban u
y 1
x 1
Sau khi thay i
x 1 y 1
xy 360
xy 360
Ta c hpt: x 1 y 1 400

x y 39
x, y l nghim ca pt bc hai:
t 2 39t 360 0 t1 24; t2 15
Vy: - Nu s dy gh bng 24 th s gh trong mt dy l 15

- Nu s dy gh bng 15 th s gh trong mt dy l 24.
Bi 9: 1 xung my xui dng 30km, v ngc dng 28km ht 1 thi gian bng thi gian
m xung my i 59,5km trn mt h yn lng. Tnh vn tc ca xung khi i trn h yn
lng, bit rng vn tc ca nc l 3km/h
V
S
T
x
59,5 119
Nc yn lng
59,5
xui
x3
30
Ngc
x 3
28
2x
30
x3
28
x3
.. Ta c pt:
119
30
28
119 x 3 x 3 2 x.30. x 3 2 x.28. x 3

2x x 3 x 3
3 x 2 12 x 1071 0 x 2 4 x 357 0 x1 17; x2 21
Bi 10: 1 lm trng d nh trng 75ha rng trong mt s tun l. Do mi tun trng

vt mc 5ha so vi k hoch nn trng c 80ha v hon thnh sm hn 1 tun. Hi
mi tun lm trng d nh trng bao nhiu ha rng?
1 tun trng c s ha
TGHTCV
x
75
K hoch
x
80
x5
x5
Thc t
.. Ta c pt:
75 80
1 x 2 10 x 375 0 x1 15; x2 25
x x5
Bi 11: 1 ca n xui t A n B cch nhau 24km, cng lc cng t A n B 1 b na

tri vi vn tc dng nc l 4km/h. Khi n B ca n quay tr li v gp b na ti im
C cch A l 8km. Tnh vn tc thc ca ca n.
A
Gi vn tc thc ca ca n l: x (km/h; x > 4)

Vn tc xui: x + 4 (km/h)
Vn tc xui: x - 4 (km/h)
Thi gian xui t A n B:
24
(h)
x4
Qung ng BC: 24 8 = 16 (km)
16
(h)
x4
8
Thi gian b na i t A n C: 2 (h)
4
Thi gian ngc t B n C:
Ta c pt:
24
16
2 2 x 2 40 x 0 x1 0; x2 20
x4 x4
BI TP V NH:
Bi 1. Hai thnh ph A v B cch nhau 50km. Mt ngi i xe p t A n B. Sau
1gi 30pht mt xe my cng i t A v n B trc ngi i xe p 1 gi .Tnh vn tc
ca mi ngi bit vn tc ca ngi i xe my bng 2,5 ln vn tc ngi i xe p .
* Lp bng
Qung ng
Vn tc
Thi gian
Xe p
50
Xe my
50
2,5x
50
50
50
x
50
2,5.x
* Ta c phng trnh: x 2,5.x 2 1 , nghim x = 12

Bi 2: Mt t i t Hi Phng v H Ni, ng di 100km, ngi li xe tnh rng nu
tng vn tc thm 10 km/h th v n H Ni sm na gi. Tnh vn tc ca t nu
khng tng.
* Lp bng
Qung ng
Vn tc
Thi gian
100
Khng tng
x
100/x
100
Tng
* Ta c phng trnh:
x + 10
100/x + 10
100 100
1
x
x 10 2
Bi 3. Mt t i qung ng AB di 840km, sau khi i c na ng xe dng li 30

pht nn trn qung ng cn li, xe phi tng vn tc thm 2km/h n B ng hn.
Tnh vn tc ban u ca t .
+ Gi vn tc ban u ca t l x (km/h, x > 0)
+ Thi gian i ht qung ng AB theo d nh l:
+ Na qung ng u t i ht:
840
(h)
x
420
(h)
x
+ Vn tc ca t trn na qung ng cn li l: x + 2 (km/h)

420
(h)
x2
840 420 1 420

........... x1 40; x2 42
+ Theo bi ra ta c phng trnh sau:
x
x
2 x2
+ Thi gian ca t trn na qung ng cn li l:
Bi 4. Qung sng t A n B di 36km, mt ca n xui t A n B ri ngc t B v A

ht tng cng 5 gi. Tnh vn tc thc ca ca n bit vn tc dng nc l 3km/h
V thc
V nc
V xui
V ngc
S
t
Xui
x+3
36/x+3
x
3
36
Ngc
x3
36/x-3
* ta c pt sau:
36
36
5 x 15; x 0, 6
x 3 x 3
Bi 5. Lc 7 gi mt t i t A n B. Lc 7gi 30 pht mt xe my i t B n A vi
vn tc km vn tc ca t l 24km/h. t n B c 1 gi 20 pht th xe my mi
n A. Tnh vn tc ca mi xe , bit qung ng AB di 120km.
* lp bng
V
S
T
t
x
120
120/x
Xe my
x-24
120
120/x-24
- thi gian xe my i nhiu hn t l:
- ta c pt:
4 1 5
( h)
3 2 6
120 120 5
x 2 24 x 3456 0 x 72; x 48
x 24
x
6
Bi 6: Mt ngi i on ng di 640 km vi 4 gi i t v 7 gi i tu ha .Hi vn

tc cu t v tu ha bit rng vn tc cu tu ha hn vn tc cu t l 5 km/h.
* lp bng
V
T
S
t
x
4
4x
Tu ha
x+5
7
7(x+5)
* ta c pt : 4x + 7(x + 5) = 640 => x = 55
Bi 7. Mt ca n xui t A n B, cng lc mt ngi i b i t dc b sng v hng
B. Sau khi chy c 24km, ca n quay tr li v gp ngi i b ti C cch A l 8km.
Tnh vn tc ca ca n khi nc yn lng , bit vn tc ngi i b v vn tc dng nc
u bng 4km/h
Ton nng sut
* Ch :
- Nng sut (NS) l s sn phm lm c trong mt n v thi gian (t).
- (NS) x (t) = Tng sn phm thu hoch
Bi 1. Hai cng nhn phi lm theo th t 810 v 900 dng c trong cng mt thi gian.
Mi ngy ngi th hai lm c nhiu hn ngi th nht l 4 dng c. Kt qu ngi
th nht hon thnh trc thi hn 3 ngy, ngi th hai hon thnh trc thi hn 6 ngy.
Tnh s dng c mi ngi phi lm trong mi ngy.
* Lp bng
Tng s sn phm cn lm
Mi ngy lm c
TGHTCV
Ngi 1
810
x
810/x
Ngi 2
900
y
900/y
yx4
2
* Ta c h phtrnh: 810 3 900 6 x 34 x 1080 0 x1 20; x2 54 , sau tm y
x
y
Bi 2. Hai i cng nhn, mi i phi sa mt qung ng di 20km, trong mt tun c

hai i lm tng cng c 9km. Tnh xem mi i sa c bao nhiu km trong mt
tun, bit thi gian i I lm nhiu hn i II lm l mt tun .
* Lp bng
Tng s qung ng phi
Mi tun lm c
TGHTCV
sa
i 1
20
x
20/x
i 2
20
9x
20/9 x
* Ta c phtrnh:
20 20
1 x 2 49 x 180 0 x 45; x 4
x 9 x
Bi 3. Mt i cng nhn d nh hon thnh cng vic vi 500 ngy cng th. Hy tnh
s ngi ca i, bit rng nu b sung thm 5 cng nhn th s ngy hon thnh cng
vic gim 5 ngy .
* Lp bng
Tng s ngy cng
S cng nhn
TGHTCV
Lc u
500
x
500/x
Sau khi b sung
500
x+5
500/ x + 5
* Ta c phtrnh:
500 500
5 x 2 5 x 500 0 x 25; x 20
x
x5
***************************************************************
Ngy dy: .
N TP HNH HC
Bi 1: T 1 im M ngoi (O), v 2 tip tuyn MA, MB vi trn. Trn cung nh AB
ly 1 im C. V CD vung gc vi AB, CE vung gc vi MA, CF vung gc vi MB.
Gi I l giao im ca AC v DE, K l giao im ca BC v DF. CMR:
a) T gic AECD nt; t gic BFCD nt
b) CD2 = CE.CF
c) T gic ICKD nt
d) IK vung gc vi CD
A
2
1
I
1
2
1
2
K 1C
1 22
F
B
a) Ta c: AEC ADC BDC

BFC
900 (gt)
+ xt t gic AECD, ta c: AEC ADC 1800 , m 2 gc ny v tr i nhau suy ra t gic
AECD nt
+ xt t gic BFCD, ta c: BDC

BFC
1800 , m 2 gc ny v tr i nhau suy ra t gic
BFCD nt
b) ta c: A1 B1 (cng chn cung AC)
(cng chn cung CD)
+ do t gic BFCD nt F1 B
1
Suy ra: F1 A1
(1)
(cng chn cung CE)
+ do t gic AECD nt A1 D
(2)
1
T (1) v (2) suy ra: F1 D

1
1
Mt khc: A2 B 2 (cng chn cung BC)
+ do t gic AECD nt A2 E 2 (cng chn cung CD)
Suy ra: E 2 B 2
(3)
B
(cng chn cung CF)
+ do t gic BFCD nt D
2
2
A
T (3) v (4) suy ra: E 2 D

2
2
Xt tam gic CDE v tam gic CDF, ta c:
F
D
1
1
E D
CDE : CFD g .g
(4)
CD CE
CD 2 CE.CF
CF CD
D
ACB B
A
1800 (tng cc gc ca
IDK
ICK
D
c) Xt t gic ICKD, ta c: ICK
1
2
1
2
tam gic ABC), m ICK ; IDK l 2 gc v tr i nhau, suy ra t gic ICKD nt

(cng chn cung CK), m D
A
(cmt)
d) ta c t gic ICKD nt I1 D
2
2
2
Suy ra I1 A2 , m I1 ; A2 l 2 gc v tr ng v nn IK // AB, li do AB vung gc vi

CD, nn IK vung gc vi CD
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A nt trn (O), im D thuc tia i ca tia AB, CD ct
(O) ti E, tip tuyn ca (O) ti B ct EA F. CMR:
a) T gic BFDE nt
b) FD // BC
D
1
2
A
1
2
O
2
B
1
C
E
(cng b vi E
)
a) ta c: B
1
1
2
m B1 C1 (do tam gic ABC cn ti A)

C
suy ra: E
(1)
1
1
mt khc: E 2 C1 B 2 (cng chn cung AB)
(2)
B
2 nh B, E cng nhn xung cnh DF di 2 gc bng nhau,
t (1) v (2) suy ra E
1
2
suy ra t gic BFDE nt
(cng chn cung BF), m E2 = B2 = C1 = B1, suy ra
b) do t gic BFDE nt E 2 D
1
D1 = B1 (2 gc v tr so le trong) => FD // BC
Bi 3: Cho hnh vung ABCD, im M thuc cnh AD. V trn (O) ng knh MB, ct
AC ti E (khc A). Gi l giao im ca ME v DC. CMR:
a) Tam gic BEM vung cn
b) EM = ED
c) 4 im B, M, D, K thuc cng 1 trn

d) BK l tip tuyn ca (O)
A
B
2
1
O
1
2
1
C
2
K
a) v t gic ABEM nt => BAM + BEM = 1800 => 900 + BEM = 1800
=> BEM = 900
(1)
Mt khc: A1 = A2 (tnh cht ca hnh vung) => s cung BE = s cung ME =>

BE=ME
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra tam gic BEM vung cn ti E
b) xt tam gic BCE v tam gic DCE, ta c:
CE: chung
C1 = C2 (tnh cht ca hnh vung)
CB = CD (gt)
Do BCE DCE (c.g.c) => BE = DE (cnh tng ng)
(3)
T (2) v (3) => EM = ED (= BE)
(4)
c) ta c:
M
900
K
1
1
D
900
D
1
K1 D1 EDK cn ti E => ED = EK
(5)
D
EDM cn do EM ED
M
1
2
(4) v (5) => EB = EM = ED = EK => 4 im B, M, D, K thuc cng 1 trn c tm E
d) do t gic BKDM nt (E) MDK

MBK
1800 ........ MBK
900 BK BM BK l
tip tuyn ca trn (O)
Bi 4: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c cnh y nh hn cnh bn ni tip trn (O). Tip
tuyn ti B v C ca trn ln lt ct tia AC v tia AB D v E. CMR:
a) BD2 = AD.CD
b) T gic BCDE nt
c) BC // DE
1j
2
1 C
1
2
1
2
a) ta c: A1 = B2 (cng chn cung BC)

xt tam gic ABD v tam gic BCD, ta c:
A1 B
AD BD
2
BD 2 AD.CD
ABD : BCD g .g
: chung
BD CD
D
1
b) ta c:
1 sd AC sd BC
E
1
D 1 sd AB sd BC
D1 E1 2 im D v E cng nhn xung cnh BC di 2

1
2

m AB AC sd AB sd AC
gc bng nhau => t gic BCDE nt

C
(gt), m t gic BCDE nt => BED = C1 (cng b vi BCD)
c) ta c: B
1
1
do B1 = BED (2 gc v tr ng v) => BC // DE
Bi 5: Cho t gic ACBD nt trn (O), 2 ng cho AB v CD vung gc vi nhau ti I.
trung tuyn IM ca tam gic AIC ct BD K, ng cao IH ca tam gic AIC ct BD N.
a) CMR: IK vung gc vi BD
b) Chng minh N l trung im ca BD
c) T gic OMIN l hnh g? Ti sao?
1
2
1
2
d) Chng minh OM BD; ON AC

C
1
M
O
H
A
I
N
D
a) ta c: B1 = C1 (cng chn cung AD)

(1)
+ do IM l trung tuyn ca tam gic AIC => IM = MA => tam gic MAI cn ti M =>
A1= MIA
+ m MIA = KIB (i nh) => KIB = A1
(2)
0
T (1) v (2) => B1 + BIK = C1 + A1 = 90 => IKB = 900 suy ra IK vung gc
vi BD
b) ta c: CIH = DIN (i nh), m CIH + C1 = 900, do : DIN + C1 = 900
+ m C1 = B1 suy ra: DIN + B1 = 900 (*)
+ mt khc: DIN + BIN = 900 (**)
(*) v (**) suy ra: B1 = BIN => tam gic BIN cn ti N => NB = NI
(3)
+ li c:
IDN + B1 = 900
DIN + B1 = 900
Do : IDN = DIN => tam gic NID cn ti N => NI = ND
(4)
(3) v (4) => NB = ND => N l trung im ca BD
c) ta c: M, N ln lt l trung im ca AC v BD => OM vung gc vi AC; ON vung
gc vi BD
=> OM // IN (cng vung gc vi AC); ON // IM (cng vung gc vi BD)
Do t gic DMIN l hnh bnh hnh (v c cc cnh i song song)
d) v t gic OMIN l hnh bnh hnh => OM = IN; ON = IM
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
m IN BD; IM AC nn OM BD; ON AC

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Ngy dy: ..

CN BC HAI. CN THC BC HAI V HNG NG THC A2 A

- Xc nh bnh phng ca hai s

Bt ng thc cui cng ng do bt ng thc u tin ng

Dng 3: Tm iu kin cn thc xc nh:

Dng 4 : Rt gn biu thc

Hay y = BC x = 7,21 2,22 = 4,99

AC 2 BC.CH 62 52. y y 4,99

- Xt tam gic ABC vung ti A. p dng

AC 2 BC.CH 122 18. y y 8

Theo Pitago cho tam gic AHC vung ti H,

( DL1: y 2 BC.x (4 6, 25).6, 25 y 8)

Bi 2 : Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c cc cnh gc vung AB = 15cm, AC = 20cm.

Theo Pitago trong tgic ACD vung ti A, ta

Bi 3: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 60cm, AD = 32cm. T D k ng thng vung

Theo Pitago: AF DF 2 AD 2 ....

Xt tam gic DAF, theo nh l 1: AD 2 DF .DE DF

Bi 4: Cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi E l mt im nm gia A, B. Tia DE v tia CB ct

khng i khi E chuyn ng trn AB

D1 D3 cmt ADE CDG g .c.g

xt tam gic DGF vung ti D, ta c :

khi E thay i trn AB

- Nu A, B l cc biu thc : A; B 0 ta c: A.B A. B

b) Quy tc khai phng mt thng : Mun khai phng mt thng

khng m v s b dng, ta c th ln lt khai phng s a v s b, ri ly kt qu th

b) 2, 25.1, 46 2, 25.0, 02 2, 25(1, 46 0, 02) 2, 25.1, 44 (1,5.1, 2) 2 1,5.1, 2 1,8

d ) 117,52 26,52 1440 (117,5 26,5).(117,5 26,5) 1440 144.91 144.10

Dng 2 : Rt gn cc biu thc

Dng 3 : Chng minh

Dng 4 : Gii phng trnh

(4) 5 x 4 2 x 2 5 x 4 4 x 2 ..... x 12 tha mn

Bi tp : (bt ng thc Cauchy) : Cho 2 s a v b khng m. Chng minh rng

+ du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi a = b

0 a 2 2ab b 2 0 a 2 b 2 2ab a 2 2ab b 2 4ab

* Nhn xt : t nh ngha ta thy :

+ t s lng gic ca 1 gc nhn lun dng

+ 0 < sin, cos < 1

2. T s lng gic ca 2 gc ph nhau

3. Bng cc t s lng gic ca cc gc c bit

2. p dng: tnh sin, cos, cotg, bit tg = 2

VT cos 4 sin 4 cos 2 sin 2 . cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin 2

cos 2 1 cos 2 cos 2 1 cos 2 2 cos 2 1 VP

Bi 3: Bit tg = 4/3. Tnh sin, cos, cotg

b)* Cch dng

Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 5; BC = 12; AC = 13

3. Kh mu ca biu thc ly cn : A.B 0; B 0 :

Bi 2: a tha s vo trong du cn v so snh

do 175 128 175 128 5 7 4 8

Dng 2: Thc hin php tnh v rt gn biu thc

52 4 2 5.2 5 3.2 3 15.

Bi 5: Rt gn biu thc vi gi thit cc biu thc ch u c ngha

Dng 3: Trc cn thc mu

7 3 5 11 . 8 3 7 11 168 49 33 40 33 385 9 33 217

Bi 7: Trc cn thc mu v thc hin php tnh

Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh, rt gn kt qu

Bi 3: Chng minh ng thc

Bi 4: Cho biu thc A

Bi 6: Cho biu thc C 1

Bi 7: Cho biu thc D

2. p dng gii tam gic vung

- theo h thc v cnh v gc trong tam gic vung

AC BC.sin B 10.sin 53007 ' 8

Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A; AB = AC = 17; BC = 16. Tnh ng cao AH v gc