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Simulation of Water Distribution Networks The Use of EPANET
Simulation of Water Distribution Networks The Use of EPANET
Mohammad N. Almasri
1
Introduction
This p
presentation focuses on two issues:
The simulation of water distribution networks
(WDNs) using EPANET
The optimal design of water distribution networks
Definitions
A WDN is comprised of a number of links
connected together to form loops or branches
These
h
links
l k contain pumps, fittings,
f
valves,
l
etc..
Links: A link is a segment of the network that
has a constant flow and no branches. Each link
may contain one or more pipes (with
( h different
d ff
diameters) connected in series
Pipes: A pipe is a segment of a link that has a
constant flow,
fl
constant diameter,
di
and
d no
branches
3
A pipe
D1
D3
D2
D1
L3
L2
L1
A link
L
4
Definitions
Nodes: They are the end points of the pipe
sections where
h
two or more links
l k are joined.
d
Water can enter or leave the network at these
nodes
LLoops: The
Th loop
l
is
i a closed
l
d circuit
i i consists
i
off a
series of links in which the demand nodes are
supplied from more than one pipe
Th
The path:
h It
I represents the
h way or the
h route
through which the demand nodes are reached
from the source nodes
5
Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + D
Q3
Q1
D = Q1 + Q2 - Q3
Q2
A demand node
The node is connected to three supplying pipes
7
hf1
hf3
hf2
A part of a looped network
Closed loop
Given total headloss for each link (pipe) as hf
hf4
8
-hf
hf1 hf4 + hf3 + hf2 = 0
Branched WDNs
Q2
Q4
Q5
Q3
[2]
[3]
[1]
5 [4]
4
Q6
Q7
7
[6]
[5]
Branched WDNs
20
30
40
50
[[3]]
[2]
[1]
5 [4]
4
60
70
7
10
[6]
[5]
6
Looped WDNs
More than one path to
each node
In looped network, how
can we compute the flow
in each link?
11
12
Link
6.753
13 238
13.238
4.504
18 728
18.728
3.737
4.998
9.994
9.992
Q
h f = 162.5
C
HW
4.87
13
Cast Iron:
New: 130
5 year old:
120
10 year old:
110
Plastic: 150
What is EPANET?
EPANET is a program for analyzing the hydraulic and
water
t quality
lit behavior
b h i off WDNs
WDN
D
Developed
l
d by
b the
th US Environmental
E i
t l Protection
P t ti
Agency
It is a public domain software that may be freely
copied and distributed
A complete Users Manual as well as full source code
and other updates can be downloaded from:
www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/wswrd/epanet.html
p g /
/
/
/ p
14
15
Elements
16
Source reservoir
p
Pumps
Pipes
Nodes
Tanks
Valves
21
Network Layout
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31