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Baltistinis Rinkinys Turinys+pratarme
Baltistinis Rinkinys Turinys+pratarme
Baltika, tautin,
regionin savimon
balt literatrose
irkultrose
Lietuvi
li t er atros
ir tautosakos
inst i tuta s
Vilnius, 2015
UDK 821.09(474.5)(06)
Ba288
Redaktors:
Erika Malainskait (lietuvi k.)
Regina Kvayt (latvi k.)
Ieva Krivickait (angl k.)
Dailininkas
Rokas Gelaius
Msas zeme Lietuva un bru tauta lietuviei. Kaimiu dzimtiskoana latvieu periodik
laika gait
102 Dangiras Maiulis. Kaip ilikti lietuviu latvi emje|
The Image of Lithuanians in Antons Rupainis Novel The People Want to Live
154 Valda aka. Katerinys ce: kultrvsturiskie aspekti konceptualizcijas
259
263
P ra t ar m
Pratarm
Priekvrds
Preface
Pratarm
po kairei latviai
po tiesiai leiiai
ar atvirkiai ten
sugul kalbas
(Vladas Brazinas)
i knyga iaugo i lietuvi ir latvi mokslinink praneim, pokalbi ir diskusij konferencijoje Dvi tautos ir atuoni regionai: baltikoji, tautin ir regionin savimon literatroje, vykusioje Lietuvi literatros ir tautosakos institute
2012m. kovo 30d. Joje analizuota baltikos, tautins, etnins, regionins, lokalios savimons problemika lietuvi ir latvi literatrose, kultrose, diskutuota apie tokios savimons integralum ir fragmentikum, substancionalum ir
funkcionalum, apie jos bendrus bruous ir variantus, apie raikos vairov.
Konferencijoje ptartos temos ir problemos publikuojamuose straipsniuose
yra ipltotos, paremtos vairesniais argumentais, iliustruotos gausesniais pavyzdiais, apibendrintos sistemingesnmis ivadomis. Pagrindinius teminius prob
leminius tyrim koncentrus stengtasi atspindti penki dali knygos struktra.
I.
pri emunai zvaigzne run
zil sentvu valod
(Knuts Skujenieks)
Pirmajame skyriuje autori dmesys nukreiptas iimtinai literatr. Krini palet tiek chronologiniu, tiek anriniu poiriu yra labai plati: nuo XXa.
pradios iki iandienos, analizuojant ir poezijos, ir prozos, ir dramos tekstus.
Skirmanto Valento straipsnyje Vlado Brazino, Sigito Gedos, Pterio Brverio
poezijos taiga ir intriguojaniais metodologiniais sprendimais mginama apibrti (lingvo)poetinius baltikojo pasaulio kontrus. Pastaruosius literatros
imagologijos silomomis priemonmis revizuoja Laura Lauruait, raanti apie
baltik formant icentravim XXIa. lietuvi ir latvi (e)migrant romanis-
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
II.
Ai msa, Lietuva!
Ai msa, Lietuva!
(Pteris Zirntis)
Antrojo skyriaus autorius vienija vairiai suprantamas ir ireikiamas ar net neireikiamas, taiau potekstje aktyviai funkcionuojantis baltikosios giminysts
konceptas. Silvestro Gaiino straipsnyje jis analizuojamas kone kaip antropologin duotyb, iskleidiant j plaiame XIXa. pabaigosXXa. pirmos puss literatros, kultros ir geopolitikos kontekste. Autorius nekvestionuoja io koncepto
prielaid. Kiek kitoki pozicij laikomasi Evos Eglajos-Kristsons tyrime, kuriame Latvijos spaudoje ir kitur vairiu metu vartoti posakiai ses Lietuva, broliai
lietuviai traktuojami kaip terminologiniai leksinio giminysts lauko konstruktai.
Tiesa, nra neigiamos ir j referencins funkcijos, bet jos ir neabsoliutinamos.
Dangiro Maiulio straipsnyje raoma apie lietuvius Latvijoje XIX a. pabaigojeXXa. pradioje, o Aukss Noreikaits apie latvius Lietuvoje XXa.
pabaigojeXXIa. pradioje. Autoriai, nors ir remiasi skirting moksl, istorijos
ir etnologijos, pozicijomis, apie latvi ir lietuvi abipus migracin giminyst
kalba irykindami ias tendencijas: (savi)izoliacijos, adaptacijos ir integracijos
procesus gyvenant broli emje.
III.
Muns latgaliskais latviskums,
Npalts i komuots,
Nikuo nasoka daudzi,
Muote ieleiguo! nsapyu
Dainu tvam boltaj buord [..]
(Anna Rancne)
10
IV.
Mums Mre lgava, mums Mre ma mte [..]
(Atis eni)
11
P ra t ar m
Latgaliko latvikumo specifikos literatrinms, kultrinms ir istorinms apraikoms analizuoti skirti trij autori i Latgalos mokslo ir studij institucij
straipsniai. Komparatyviniu bdu palyginusi Janio Klydzjo roman mogaus
vaikas (1956) ir jo ekranizacij (re. Janis Streias, 1991), Ingrida Kupan daro
ivad, kad romanas ir filmas adresatui tarytum susilieja vientis menin tekst,
ireikiant sykiu ir lokali latgalik, ir bendralatvik savimon, o pagrindinio
personao mao berniuko paveikslas virsta simboliniu Latgalos kultros enklu. Olga Senkan, analizuodama latgalikai parayt Antono Rupainio roman Tauta nori gyventi (1963), labiausiai susitelkia imagologin aspekt: koks
tekste irykja lietuvio paveikslas ir kaip jis atspindi istorines latgaliksias realijas. iuolaikiniame istorijos, kultros, meno kontekste Valda aka aptaria
vadinamj Jekaterinos keli (Katerinys ce, katarinka, a)
XVIIIa. Latgaloje egzistavusio kelio atkarp, kuri vliau buvo jungta XIXa.
nutiest trakt Sankt PeterburgasVaruva. Rusijos cariens JekaterinosII vardu
pavadintas, legendomis apipintas kelias ikyla kaip svarbi kultrins atminties
vieta, kuri tebegeneruoja mitologizuot cariens paveiksl, yra inaudojama kaip
turizmo reklamos elementas, saistantis Latgal su Auktaitija, Rzekn ir Daugpil su Utena.
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
V.
jga, siela ar
kas ten i gylio kyla
(Vladas Brazinas)
Apie i gylio kylanias sielos jgas Baltijos keli ir liaudies dain svarstoma
paskutiniajame knygos skyriuje. Viktorijos Jonkuts analiz parodo, kaip Baltijos kelias buvo ne tik politin, bet ir poetin akcija. Svarbiausias poetikumo
bruoas, anot autors, buvs lidesio suponuojamas ritualikumas, kuris kr
ritmingum ir teatralikum. Auros ikiens straipsnyje sprendiamas aktualus dainuojamosios tautosakos klausimas, ar daina XXIa. Lietuvoje tebekyla i
konkreios lokalios vietos ir jos bendruomens, ar galbt jau pati konstruoja
viet ir telkia naujas bendruomenes.
***
isprogdinia latvi sien
(Vladas Brazinas)
Lietuvi literatros ir tautosakos institute (LLTI) dirbanti nedidel literatrolog baltist grup vykdo ilgalaik mokslin program Lyginamieji balt literatr tyrimai: tipologiniai aspektai (20132017). i knyga jau antrasis pagal
programos veikl plan ileistas leidinys (pirmasis yra Lauros Lauruaits monografija Tarp nostalgijos ir mimikrijos. Lietuvi ir latvi pokario ieivijos romanai,
2015). Tikimasi, kad bendras LLTI baltist ir koleg i vairi Lietuvos bei Lat
vijos mokslo ir studij institucij leidinys paskatins intensyvesn lietuvi ir lat
vi literatros, kultros tyrj bendradarbiavim, pads formuoti ir formuluoti
naujas bendras galim literatrins, bendrafilologins, kultrologins baltistikos
tyrim kryptis.
Vi g mantas Bu tku s
12
Priekvrds
po kairei latviai
po tiesiai leiiai
ar atvirkiai ten
sugul kalbas
(Vladas Brazinas)
I.
pri emunai zvaigzne run
zil sentvu valod
(Knuts Skujenieks)
Pirmaj noda autoru uzmanba pievrsta literatrai. Daidarbu palete gan hronoloisk, gan anru skatjum ir oti plaa: no XXgs. skuma ldz msdienm;
analizti dzejas, prozas un drmas teksti. Skirmanta Valenta rakst par Vlada
Brazjna, Sigita Gedas, Ptera Brvera dzejas suestiju un intrijoiem metodoloiskiem risinjumiem mints iezmt (lingvo)potisks baltisks pasaules kontras. Ts ar ldzekiem, ko piedv literatras imagoloija, prskata
Laura Lauruaite, kura raksta par baltisko formantu izcentranu XXIgs. lie-
13
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
II.
Ai msa, Lietuva!
Ai msa, Lietuva!
(Pteris Zirntis)
Otrs nodaas autorus vieno dadi saprotams un izsakms vai pat neizsakms,
tau zemtekst aktvi funkcionjos baltisks radniecbas koncepts. Silvestra
Gaina rakst tas analizts gandrz k antropoloisks dotums, atkljot to pla
XIXgs. beigu XXgs. pirms puses literatras, kultras un eopolitisk kontekst. Autors neapauba koncepta piemumus. Nedaudz atirga ir Evas
Egljas-Kristsones pozcija ptjum, kur Latvijas pres un citur dados laikos
lietotie izteicieni msa Lietuva, bri lietuviei traktti k terminoloiski
leksisk radniecbas lauka konstrukti. Tiesa gan, netiek noliegtas ar to references funkcijas, tau ts netiek visprintas.
Dangira Maua rakst runts par lietuvieiem Latvij XIX gs. beigs
XXgs. skum, bet Aukses Noreikaites par latvieiem Lietuv XXgs. beigs
XXIgs. skum. Autori, kaut ar no atirgu zintu vstures un etnoloijas pozcijm, par latvieu un lietuvieu abpusjo migrcijas radniecbu run,
akcentjot das tendences: (pa)izolcijas, adaptcijas un integrcijas procesus,
dzvojot bru zem.
III.
Muns latgaliskais latviskums,
Npalts i komuots,
Nikuo nasoka daudzi,
Muote ieleiguo! nsapyu
Dainu tvam boltaj buord [..]
(Anna Rancne)
14
IV.
Mums Mre lgava, mums Mre ma mte [..]
(Atis eni)
Ceturts nodaas rakstos aktualizta Kuru kpu, Kuru jomas tematika literatr, seno kursenieku attieksmes ar Latviju, to izloksnes izmaias un izzuana.
Valodnieces Arina Ivanickaja un Daa Kisenaite, uzmangi ptdamas Vcij
dzvojoas kursenieces Hertas Paulas-Deckaites rokraksta tekstus, fiks, viu
pau vrdiem runjot, objektvas un subjektvas izmaias pdjs kursenieku
paaudzes valod, vrt citu valodu ietekmi uz m izmaim. Literatrzintnieki Aurelija Mkolaitte un Vigmants Butkus analiz Kuru kpu recepciju literatr: pirm lietuvieu trimdas autoru (Henriks Nais, Kazis Bradns, Leons
veds, Puis Andrjuis u. c.) dairad, otrais latvieu autoru (Atis eni,
Mareris Zari, Alberts Bels u.c.) darbos. Ptjumi liecina, ka literr Kuru
kpu un Kuru jomas tekstiskoana ir plaa un daudzveidga.
15
P r i e k v r d s
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
V.
jga, siela ar
kas ten i gylio kyla
(Vladas Brazinas)
***
isprogdinia latvi sien
(Vladas Brazinas)
Neliela literaturologu baltistu grupa, kas strd Lietuvieu literatras un folkloras institt (LLFI), steno ilglaika zintnisko programmu Saldzinmie baltu
literatru ptjumi: tipoloiskie aspekti (20132017). grmata jau otrais
atbilstoi programmas aktivitu plniem iznkuais izdevums (pirmais ir Lauras Lauruaites monogrfija Starp nostaliju un mimikriju. Lietuvieu un latvieu
pckara trimdas romni, 2015). Cerams, ka kopgais LLFI baltistu un kolu
no dadm Lietuvas un Latvijas zintnes un studiju institcijm izdevums rosins intensvku lietuvieu un latvieu literatras, kultras ptnieku sadarbbu,
paldzs veidot un formult jaunus kopgus iespjamo literro, visprfiloloisko,
kulturoloisko baltistikas ptjumu virzienus.
Vi g mants Bu tku s
16
Preface
po kairei latviai
po tiesiai leiiai
ar atvirkiai ten
sugul kalbas
(Vladas Brazinas)
This book developed from papers, conversations and discussions between Lithuanian and Latvian scientists in the Two Nations and Eight Regions: the Baltic,
National and Regional Self-Consciousness in Literature conference that took
place in the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore on the 30th March
2012. The conference focused on analysing the problems of the Baltic, national,
ethnic, regional, local self-consciousness in Latvian and Lithuanian literatures
and cultures; it featured discussions about integrity and fragmentariness, substantiality and functionality of such self-consciousness, about its common features and versions, and about the variety of its expression.
The themes and problems discussed in the conference are developed further in the articles published in this book, they are supported by a greater variety of arguments, illustrated with more numerous examples, summarised in
more systematic conclusions. The five-part structure of the book aims to reflect
the major thematic problematic contours of the research.
I.
pri emunai zvaigzne run
zil sentvu valod
(Knuts Skujenieks)
In the first chapter, the authors focus on literature exceptionally. The palette
of the works discussed is extensive in terms of both chronology and genre:
it spans from the beginning of the 20th C to today, covering texts of poetry,
prose and drama. Skirmantas Valentas tries to outline (lingo)poetic contours
of the Baltic world employing the force of Vladas Brazinas, Sigitas Gedas
17
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
II.
Ai msa, Lietuva!
Ai msa, Lietuva!
(Pteris Zirntis)
The authors of the second chapter are united by a variously understood and
expressed (or even inexpressible) but actively implied concept of the Baltic
kinship. In his article, Silvestras Gaiinas analyses it as if it was almost an anthropologic given, unfolding it in a wide context of the literature, culture and
geopolitics at the end of the 19th C the first half of the 20th C. The author
does not question the premises of this concept. Eva Eglja-Kristsone takes to a
slightly different stand in her research, treating phrases like sister Lithuania or
brothers Lithuanians, used in Latvian press and elsewhere at various times, as
terminological constructs of a lexical relation field. Their referential functions
are not denied, but they are not seen as the absolute, either.
Dangiras Maiulis article analyses Lithuanians in Latvia at the end of the
19th C beginning of the 20th C, Auks Noreikaits Latvians in Lithuania at
the end of the 20th C beginning of the 21st C. The authors, despite employing
positions of different scientific fields, history and ethnology, both speak about
the mutual migrational kinship of Latvians and Lithuanians, highlighting the
following tendencies: processes of (self-)isolation, adaptation and integration
living in the land of the brothers.
18
P r e f ac e
III.
Muns latgaliskais latviskums,
Npalts i komuots,
Nikuo nasoka daudzi,
Muote ieleiguo! nsapyu
Dainu tvam boltaj buord [..]
(Anna Rancne)
Articles by three authors from Latgale research and teaching institutions are
devoted to analysing literary, cultural and historical manifestations of the Latgalian Latvianness. A comparative analysis of Jnis Kldzjs novel Human Child
(Cilvka brns) from 1956 and its screen adaptation, directed by Janis Streis in
1991, leads Ingrda Kupne to a conclusion that for the addressee, the novel
and the film seemingly blend into an integral artistic text, highlighting both
the local Latgalian and the common Latvian self-consciousness, and the image of the main character, a little boy, becomes a symbolic sign of Latgalian
culture. Olga Senkne, analysing Antons Rupainis novel The Nation Wants to
Live (Tauta gryb dzeivot) from 1963, written in Latgalian, focuses mostly on
the imagological aspect: how is the Lithuanian portrayed and how does that
portrayal reflect the Latgalian realia. In the context of contemporary history,
culture and art, Valda aka discusses the so-called Catherines Road (Katerinys
ce, katarinka, a) a road segment that existed in the 18th
C in Latgale and was later incorporated into the St Petersburg-Warsaw tract,
built in the 19th C. Called after the Russian tsarina Catherine the Second, surrounded by legends, the road emerges as an important site of cultural memory,
still generating the mythologised image on the tsarina, used as an element of
tourist marketing, connecting Latgale and Lithuanian Highlands (Auktaitija),
Rzekne and Daugavpils and Utena.
19
B a lt i k a , tau t i n , r e g i o n i n s av i m o n B a lt l i t e r at r o s e i r k u lt r o s e
IV.
Mums Mre lgava, mums Mre ma mte [..]
(Atis eni)
The articles in the fourth chapter analyse the theme of the Curonian Spit and
the Curonian Lagoon in literature, the relationship between the old Curonians and Latvia, the change and the extinction of their dialect. Linguists Arina
Ivanickaja and Dalia Kiselinait, having carefully studied manuscripts of Herta
Paul-Deckait, a Curonianist living in Germany, record, in their own words,
objective and subjective changes in the language of the last generation of the
Curonians, evaluating the impact other languages had on those changes. Literature scholars Aurelija Mykolaityt and Vigmantas Butkus analyse the reception
of the Curonian Spit in literature: the former in Lithuanian exile writing (by
Henrikas Nagys, Kazys Bradnas, Leonas vedas, Pulgys Andriuis and others),
the latter in Latvian texts (by Atis eni, MarerisZari, Alberts Bels and
others). It becomes clear that the literary scripting of the Curonian Spit and the
Lagoon are very extensive and diverse.
V.
jga, siela ar
kas ten i gylio kyla
(Vladas Brazinas)
The powers of the soul emerging from the depth the Baltic Way and folk
songs are considered in the last chapter of the book. Viktorija Jonkuts analysis shows how the Baltic Way was not only a political but also a poetic act. The
most important poetic feature, according to the author, was the ceremoniality
presupposed by sadness, creating a rhythm and theatricality. Aura ikiens
article deals with the topical question of folk songs: does the song continue to
arise from the particular local space and its community in the 21st C Lithuania
or is it perhaps already constructing spaces and assembling new communities?
20
P r e f ac e
***
isprogdinia latvi sien
(Vladas Brazinas)