Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Airworthiness Notices and ANO
Airworthiness Notices and ANO
Airworthiness Notices and ANO
Airworthiness Notices
AWN # 01: FOREWORD:
1.
2.
The importer shall notify DGCAA within 14 days of any transfer of ownership [also if aircraft is destroyed or
permanently withdrawn from service, fill in back of C of R form CAAF-026] & provide the following
documents along with the application before C of R is issued for the aircraft:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Purpose of this AWN is to monitor and record engine and all life limited components of the acft as
hours/cycles/life for the appropriate and adequate time of overhaul/repair/servicing/ inspection.
MRO/MRO+OPERATOR details the engine logbooks and components historical record on regular
basis.
Calculating operating hours/flight time on the basis of chocks off and chocks on time.
Acft is unnecessary ground due non availability of the replacement parts for the life component,
owner/operator shall remain alive the flying time of the aircraft.
Page 1
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Term defect shall mean any failure or malfunction of aircraft component or aircraft equipment
whether found in flight or on the ground.
All defects whether or not classified as Reportable defect must be reported and recorded in the
aircraft, or other appropriate log books.
The term reportable defect means a defect that:a. May effect the safety of the aircraft or its occupants or cause the aircraft to become a danger to
the property or other person, or
b. May effect the safety of the aircraft associated equipment, or
c. Is of a kind classified by the Airworthiness Division of Civil Aviation Authority, as a
reportable defect
CAAF-114-AWXX, within 48 hours to local field and airworthiness directorate.
Defect shall be reported to the local Airworthiness office and Director Airworthiness within 24 hours
of the discovery if further flight is not possible without rectification and are of serious nature.
Defective parts shall be held for at least 14 day after dispatch of the defect report.
Defects which the operator is unable to rectify (not listed in Appendix A) and which do not affect the
flight safety of the aircraft are to be listed under Exceptional Release in the aircraft log book.
If the defective part is required urgently for rectification and re-use, permission for its release in
less that 14 days may be made to local Airworthiness office.
Appendix A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Page 2
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Individual shall be required to apply for AME license or extension of license to cover related category
during the LA validity period.
For the purpose of maintenance certification.
Professional qualification of the incumbent i.e. holds LWTR, Group Ratings, Training / OJT, etc as
applicable for desired LA.
Justification and declarations by respective Chief Engineer of the organization.
Chief Engineer / Engineer Incharge / Chief Engineer (QA/QC) shall give undertaking satisfactorily
perform the task/ work independently under his/her supervision.
LA granted in favor of Aircraft / Equipment / System
CAAF-160-AWAA seven days prior to its effective date.
Airworthiness Field office shall evaluate the LA thoroughly before forwarding it to HQ Airworthiness
Directorate within 3 days of its receipt in their office.
Deviate from maintenance program (AMP)/mandatory AD/SB/ MPD tolerance given by the
manufacturer.
Defect history/past performance.
MEL status
Flexibility in manufacturers component life
Reliability report status about the component.
Interim measure during the period of deviation
A copy of the authorization should be displayed in the aircraft at all times when operating under the
terms of the authorizations;
The identification marks assigned to the aircraft should be displayed on the aircraft in conformity with
applicable requirements;
Persons or property should not be carried;
No person should be carried in the aircraft except for the purpose of the flight
Should be operated only by crew holding appropriate certificates or licenses;
All flights should be conducted so as to avoid areas having heavy traffic
If the flight involves operations over States other than Pakistan, operator must obtain special flight
authorizations from the appropriate authorities.
L.A once granted can be terminated at any time. LATR should be submitted to CAA local field office.
The operators, organizations or individuals who have been granted a LA, shall submit a LA
Termination Report (LATR) to the local Airworthiness Field office on form CAAF-140-AWAA upon
expiry of the LA or whenever, the LA need / requirement stand terminated.
Page 3
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Operations should provide the weight & balance schedule & sheets for the aircrafts registered in Pak.
It is to be carried on board.
Done every four years on a major check falling in, but not exceeding 5 years.
By a CAAPAK certified person, could be an operations engineer, with B.E & have an experience of 3
years, having appropriate training & prepared at least two schedules. Or by a cat A AME.
Taken moment arms across aircraft C of G datum line [as in TCDS],
If C of G has changed 0.5% of MAC or 0.5% of MTOW, a/c is re-weighed.
aircraft which had previously been registered in another state, weight and balance data,
certified by the Airworthiness Authority of that state will be accepted at the time of issue of Certificate
of Airworthiness in Pakistan.
The aircraft shall be weighed and the empty weight and C. G. Location determined before the issue of a
Certificate of Airworthiness.
Basic weight is the weight of the aircraft and all its basic equipment, plus that of the declared quantity
of unusable oil.
Basic equipment: Basic equipment is the un-consumable fluids, and the equipment which is common
to all roles for which the operator intends to use the aircraft.
Centre of Gravity: (C.G.) is the point about which the aircraft would balance if it were possible to
suspend it at that point. The weight of an aircraft may be assumed to be concentrated at its centre of
gravity.
Centre of Gravity Datum (reference Datum) - is an imaginary plane from which all measurements of
arm are taken.
The datum is specified in the Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS), Certificate of Airworthiness or
approved flight manual.
Centre of gravity limits are normally expressed in millimeters forward or aft of the datum but for a
fixed wing aircraft may be a percentage of the mean aerodynamic chord (M.A.C) of the wing.
Centre of Gravity Range - is the distance between the forward and aft centre of gravity limits.
Mean Aerodynamic Chord (M. A. C.) is the average chord of an imaginary wing having the same
aerodynamic characteristics as the actual wing.
Weight, Empty is the measured or calculated weight of an aircraft including all items of fixed
equipment and other equipment that is mandatory for all operations, fixed ballast, unusable fuel,
undrainable oil, total quantity of hydraulic fluid, but excluding all other items of disposable load.
Weight, Maximum Take-off is the maximum weight, according to the Certificate of Airworthiness
or approved flight manual, at which the aircraft is permitted to take-off.
Weight, Maximum Take-off is the maximum weight, according to the Certificate of Airworthiness
or approved flight manual, at which the aircraft is permitted to take-off.
Weight, Operating is, in relation to a particular type of operation, the empty weight of the aircraft
plus those items of removable equipment and disposable load that remain constant for the type of
operation.
6.
7.
Responsibility of the organization / operator / private owner to obtain and implement all applicable ads
within the prescribed period.
PCAA shall check during C of A inspection or otherwise, that all applicable ADs are properly recorded
and implemented.
All Airworthiness Directives issued by the State of Design are mandatory
Subject to applicability and shall be carried out by the organization / operator / private owner within the
time period mentioned in the AD.
Individual notification shall be issued by the Airworthiness Directorate against any mandatory Service
Bulletin or similar instruction issued by Type Certificate holder. Similar notification will be issued, if
Airworthiness Directorate consider that modification to an aircraft, engine, propeller or equipment
installed is required.
Airworthiness Directorate may impose mandatory airworthiness action on aeronautical products for
which PCAA is not the state of design, for safety point of view.
All modifications carried out are to be informed to PCAA on CAA form No. CAAF-116-AWXX.
Current status information/Amendment/ Addition on CAA form No CAA-137-AWXX.
Page 4
11.
12.
13.
Applicants, at the time of "C of A" renewal, be required to furnish a summary showing compliance
with mandatory modifications / Airworthiness Directives and Inspections.
Time bar is indicated in case of Airworthiness Directive, mandatory Service Bulletins or Alerts SB, it
should be strictly adhered to.
Record Keeping requirements: a). Identify the engine , airframe etc. b). Identify the applicable AD. c).
Describe the method of compliance. d). Indicate the date, the flight hours, the flight cycles, the
landings, etc. when the AD was accomplished and the next inspection due.
A modification record book must be kept for each aircraft registered in Pakistan. Mentioned mod for
airworthiness related parts, for already mod listed parts, for altered the design affecting the
airworthiness of the aircraft.
The modification record must be up-to-date at the time of issue of the Certificate of Airworthiness for a
new aircraft, at the renewal of the Certificate of Airworthiness, and at the time of sale or lease of the
aircraft.
The modification record book shall be kept by the owner or operator of the aircraft, and shall be made
available for examination, when required by the PCAA.
1.
MEDIAL KIT:
1.
To be carried where more than 100 pax with more than 2 hours flight.
UNIVERSAL KIT:
1.
To be carried on aircrafts operating with at least one cabin crew. May be # increased during outbreak of
a pandemic/serious communicable disease ( vomit/ blood/ urine). To clean the infectious body
contents.
For emergency requirement all medical kits should be placed near the exit areas.
Medical supplies should be contained in a metal box.
The box and its stowage must be plainly marked with a Red Crescent and the words "First Aid" or
"Medical Aid", as the case may be painted on it in English and Urdu.
Boxes are not pilfered. The boxes must be sealed and the seal checked by a licensed AME daily before
releasing the aircraft.
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kept in a secure location, readily accessible to crew & near to the exits.
In a metal box, marked with Red crescent, named, sealed & seals should be checked daily by the AME.
All contents should be checked after every 3 months for expiry.
Contents should be certified by a medical officer & certificate kept inside
In order to permit the operation of wet leased aircraft, an 'Agreement' shall be signed by Civil Aviation
Authorities of Pakistan and the State of Registry for maintaining Airworthiness and Operations
surveillance.
Damp lease: A wet-leased aircraft that includes a cockpit crew but not cabin attendants.
Page 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
LESSEE
1. Maintenance program
2. Operation Manual
3. Maintenance Control Manual*
4. Keep the A/C airworthy
5. C of A must stay valid
6. Emergency equipment
7. Two or more cabin crew Pakistani
8. Announcement in English and Urdu
9. All placards must be in Urdu
LESSOR
1. Type Design Data (acceptable to PCAA)
2. The crew shall follow agreement procedures
3. Comply with technical and safety directives
4. Defect reporting in English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Scope of the technical handling approval/authorization is limited to transit check in accordance With
approved maintenance schedule and rectification of minor defects.
Page 6
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Some transit stations, out side the country, it may not be possible for the operator to post their
engineers. In such cases need arises for authorizing foreignagencies/personnel to certify transit check
on pak registered aircraft.
The operator may apply to Director of Airworthiness PCAA for grant of Technical handling
authorization to the handling agency. The application should be submitted on prescribed Form No.
CAAF-113-AWXX. All details, stated in the form, should be submitted at the time of issue / renewal of
the approval.
PCAA will survey the establishment of Technical handling Agency at the time of issue of initial
approval for a type of aircraft.
The approval will be issued on Form No. CAAF-018-AWXX.
Separate certificate will be issued for each 'Type' of Aircraft.
Approval will be renewed, annually, on the basis of satisfactory reports received from the operator.
PCAA will carry out inspection of the Technical handling agency after the lapse of 03 years, or earlier
if so required due to any deterioration in performance of the Technical handling Agency.
The operator will organize Airworthiness inspection at no cost to PCAA.
CONDITIONS:
The Technical handling approval will be valid only if following conditions are complied with:-
1.
2.
All relevant literature, spares and tools are available at the station.
The persons performing Technical Handling are conversant with the maintenance system of operating
airline.
The persons whose particulars have been submitted to PCAA along with application for issue/renewal
of Technical Handling approval to attend the aircraft.
3.
PCAA does not AME license, approval system by the company if approved from PCAA or AWD of
PCAA will issue personal shop approval. ( Described in ANO-001).
2. Org. should be approved from PCAA rule 25.
3. MENTOR: Senior level person who have appropriate aviation experience OR training from
OEM/Vendor.
4. MENTEE: Who needs training (Theoretical/Practical).
5. Approval issue to that person who are/ have: a). 21/ more age. b). HSSC. c). Exp/ Training /
Course.
6. Complete procedures for providing training by the mentor are to be clearly defined in Company
Exposition Manual duly approved by PCAA.
7. Application submits with CAA form 144.
8. Practical aviation experience obtained during the last four years.
9. ERB (EXP. RECORD BOOK ) show for the experience on the related equipment for approval.
10. For B.E candidate only 3 yrs exp. required.
11. Planning/ Quality section person not allowed until they get hands-on exp.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A number of accidents have occurred because of locked control surfaces / landing gears and covers
installed on pitot static systems / intake & Exhaust of engines.
Locks installed during maintenance.
Colored streams used with these locks.
Ensure that all locks removed before flight.
Must be in the preflight check list of pilots.
Page 7
6.
7.
8.
9.
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's license shall normally be validated for a period of "Two years"
Renewed subsequently upon receipt of an application on Form CAAF-111-AWXX.
Person remaining engaged on type work; period totaling at least six months during the preceding 24
months from the date of submission of application.
Applicant for renewal of his license, is well conversant with all current Airworthiness Regulations, Air
Navigation Orders, Airworthiness Notices etc., and remains in possession of all such documents.
If the privileges of the license are not utilized during the preceding four years, the AME shall have to
go through a refresher course and one week OJT. This requirement shall be ensured by the respective
Manager and verified by Airworthiness Directorate at the time of renewal of AME license.
Fee required for the renewal of AME's license.
Application for renewal of license must be received in local Airworthiness Field Office at least 14 days
prior to its expiry.
AME License remains invalid for a period exceeding 24 months the applicant may be required to
substantiate by written and /or Oral examination discretion of the DAW.
A practicing Aircraft Maintenance Engineer is defined as one employed in the Aviation Industry who
exercises regularly the privileges granted by the terms of his license or performs supervisory duties of a
like nature.
PCAA registered aircrafts over 5700 kg MTOW, certificated in the Public Transport Category
(Passenger) and configured to carry 20 or more passengers.
Seat Pitch: Distance measured from *ANY* point on one seat to the exact same point on the seat in
the next row.
Pitch should not be less than 29.
The minimum distance between the back support cushion of a seat and the back of the seat or other
fixed structure in front shall be 26 inches.
The minimum distance between a seat and the seat or other fixed structure in front, shall be 7
inches.
The minimum vertically projected distance between seat rows or between a seat and any fixed structure
forward of the seat, shall be 3 inches.
7.
REQUIREMENTS:
CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS: Ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft
complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation.
1.
2.
Abnormal Defects:- Defects that may result in injury, accidents, or hazards to other aviation activities
PCAA receives directives from ICAO Member States responsible for the Type Certificate (TC),
Supplemental Type Certificate (STC), Technical Standard Order (TSO) or other aeronautical parts
Page 8
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
applicable to aircraft. The Authority exchanges mandatory airworthiness information with other ICAO
Member States.
Design Standards - an aircraft registered in Pakistan must be maintained in accordance with the
certification basis i.e., the aircraft design standards accepted by DGCAA
Monitoring program shall be defined in MOE.
Approved Maintenance Program. (must include)
1. Ageing of the aircraft such as CPCP implement
2. Structural Integrity program
3. Ageing of electrical wires.
Aircraft shall be subjected to an approved reliability program and ETOPS.
The maintenance shall be carried out by licensed aircraft maintenance engineers or approved
organizations or persons authorized by the PCAA.
Defect Reporting - All defects, which affect safety of the aircraft shall be investigated and rectified
before the aircraft flies.
The permissible defects may be carried forward as per approved MEL.
Modifications , Directives and bulletins: In case of any modification, the State who has issued
approval to the specific modification shall be responsible for maintaining the continuing airworthiness
and will be declared as the State of Design for that specific modification.
All recommended inspections associated with modification shall be included in the maintenance
programme.
All Airworthiness Directives received from the State of Design or State of Registry is classified as
Mandatory.
Engineers adequately qualified and having the required knowledge, experience and high degree of
competence.
PCAA conducts basic written and basic oral examinations for issuance of AME License Without Type
Rating (LWTR) .
AME Type Rated License is issued to those candidates who pass the applicable Type written and Type
oral examinations after meeting all other applicable requirements.
Except in CAT R where Personal Authorizations are issued.
A person may exercise the certification privileges of AMEL, which are defined in Airworthiness
Notice No. AWNOT-045-AWXX-4.0 on a particular type category.
A person holds a valid Type Rated AME License in the appropriate category OR holds Personal
Authorization/Company approval in CAT R Com/Nav / Radar.
Aircraft above 5700 Kgs MTOW but not authorized to carry more than 19 passengers the criteria will
be as follows:
1. For a person having LWTR in CAT A,C and X only, type course, type written and type
oral examination will be mandatory for the Initial rating.
2. Persons applying under PCAA approved Aircraft Induction criteria will be exempted from
type written examination only.
3. For experience requirements, please refer current issue of AWNOT-035.
4. Persons already having companys approval/ Personal Authorization on
aircraft above 5700 Kgs MTOW in CAT R and applying for aircraft above 5700 Kgs MTOW, but
not authorized to carry more than 19 passenger:
1. are exempted from type course and Type written examination.
2. Certificate of Personal Authorization/Company approvals on such aircraft in CAT R will be
issued on the basis of type oral examination.
Page 9
Person having LWTR in CAT R, and working in organizations having no PCAA approved
examination setup will directly apply to respective Airworthiness Field office on form no. CAAF-146AWXX-1.0 along with the following for issuance of Certificate of Personal Authorization.
1. Copy of LWTR
2. Requisite experience
3. Requisite Fees
4. The candidates will be assessed in type oral examination by Local Airworthiness field offices.
5. HQCAA Airworthiness Directorate will issue Certificate of Personal Authorization on form no.
CAAF-039-AWXX-1.0 for a particular Aircraft type which shall be valid for two (02) years.
6. If PAC is given to a candidate who has type experience and approvals on two A/C more than 3
years on <_ 5700 Kg, this provision is not available on above 5700 Kg aircraft.
Mandatory clauses are invariably denoted by use of "shall" or "must" whereas "should" or "may" are
used for permissive or recommended clauses.
1. AME Licences are issued with type ratings in categories "A", "C" & "X" specified in latest
issue of Airworthiness Notice No. 34.
2. Licences in category "R" are issued without type rating. Duties and responsibility of the
holder of licence with and without type ratings in various categories are specified in
Airworthiness Notice No. 45.
3. Acceptance of application for issue/extension of AME licence requires that the applicant:A. Shall not be less than 21 years of age.
B. Must hold higher secondary school certificate with science subjects or quivalent
qualification or equivalent technical certificate.
C. Shall provide evidence of acceptable experience and any approved training course
requirements relevant to his application.
4. Note: Requirement of paras 3.1.2 & 5.1.2 shall be applicable to employees inducted after
5. issue date of this Notice. Course requirements are not applicable to the groups
1,2,3,4,7,8,12,15, & 18. Course requirements for groups 19 &20 are not applicable for aircraft
in General Aviation.
6. Shall pay appropriate fee.
7. If an applicant fails in the type paper in three consecutive attempts then he will have to pass
type course again.
8. Pass marks for basic & type papers are 70%.
9. The applicant shall appear for oral examination within two years of passing basic / type paper
as appropriate. If he does not appear in the oral examination during this period he will have to
re-appear in type paper as appropriate.
10. Oral board will be constituted representing one senior manager from the operator.
11. The Oral Examination Board will evaluate the applicants performance in legislation, basic
subjects and type subjects and will give their recommendations.
12. An applicant who fails in examination shall not be accepted for reexamination until additional
experience has been obtained and/or further course of study have been undertaken. CAA will
advise the applicant for any further practical experience and / or course considered necessary,
alongwith result.
13. On the recommendations of Oral Examination Board, Airworthiness Directorate will,
issue/extend the AME licence or call for re-examination as considered necessary.
14. The applicant qualifying for issue of AME licence shall submit three coloured photographs in
size 1" x 1" for issuance of licence to concerned Airworthiness field office as per
Airworthiness Notice No. 53.
Page 10
TYPE PAPER:
15. 70% and above Pass ***
16. 55% to 69%Fail May re-apply, in next session subject to compliance with other applicable
requirements.
17. 45% to 54%Fail May re-apply, after gaining 6 months practical experience of maintenance
/major checks & attending type refresher course, subject to compliance with other applicable
requirements.
18. Below 45% Fail May re-apply, after gaining 6 months practical experience of Maintenance
major checks and successful completion of complete type course, subject to compliance with
other applicable requirements.
19. In case of 737-400, it lies GP-17B, maintenance experience-03 yrs, Recent Practical
experience -2 years, Recent type experience- 1 yrs and 6 weeks OJT,
LWTR issued with the provision of CAO 1960, CAR 94, under the provision of Chicago convention
and ICAO related document. Holder of this lic. Exercise the previliges of this license with limitations.
Holder has met the knowledge, skill and experience requirement as specified in CARs, ANOs , AWNs,
Airc circulars, Personal Licensing manuals and other instructions issued from time to time.
LWTR issuing officer is Corporate Manager Licensing issued under the authority of DGCAA.
Remarks: The holder of this license is not authorized to certify maintenance work. Signed by GM
licensing.
Privileges:
A. To work towards issuance of C of FF for flight before issue of C of A.
B. To work towards issuance of C of M I.A.W approved maintenance shchedule.
C. To work towards issuance of Certificate of compliance in respect of approved inspections,
replacement, repairs and modification.
D. LWTR issuance is CAAF-666-B
E. Application for LWTR FORM 201, 205 MEDICAL, 206 CURRENCY.
To warn cabin and ground crew to avoid use of light meters as it can deflect compass needle.
Experiments have shown that light meters used for determining cameras exposure setting deflect the
compass needle when these are placed in the proximity of the compass.
All crew members are hereby advised not to place such equipment on the glare shield or close to the
compass.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The purpose of this Airworthiness Notice is to specify the requirements for de-registration and
reinstatement of a Pakistan registered aircraft from Civil Aircraft Register.
Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A): - A certificate issued by DGCAA testifying that the aircraft is
Airworthy. This certificate is renewed annually by PCAA.
Registered aircraft:- An aircraft duly registered In Pakistan and bearing valid Certificate of
Registration (C of R) issued by DG CAA.
If C of A is not registered or renewed for two successive years C of R will be cancelled and removed
from Pak register aircraft.
Reinstatement of a de-registered aircraft may be affected by PCAA when the owner / operator submits
proof that the aircraft meets the pertinent Airworthiness requirements for the type, the aircraft has been
inspected by Airworthiness Surveyor and found satisfactory.
Page 11
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
When the work involves a control system, and duplicate inspection required must be certified before
the relevant Certificate of Release to Service is issued.
This Airworthiness Notice since Certificate of Release to Service for each relevant trade category must
be issued by the engineers concerned, each assuming responsibility of and certifying those aspects of
the work for which he is entitled to assume responsibility.
The holder of category 'X' (Electrical installaions) license may issue Certificate of Release to Service in
respect of inspection, modification, repair and replacement in relation to electrical systems for which
the license is rated.
Sign a Pakistan registered aircraft
Must have knowledge of systems and airworthiness.
License should not be invalid.
The AME in category A can check
1. condition
2. Assembly
3. Functioning.
1.
2.
from 7th December, 1982 the Aeronautical Inspection Directorate and its functions have been
transferred to Airworthiness Directorate of the Civil Aviation Authority and all applications and
enquiries hitherto addressed to A.I.D. Head Office should be addressed to HQs Civil Aviation
Authority, Airworthiness Directorate, JIA-Karachi.
Any Certificate, License, Approval or Notice Issued by A.I.D. and any ruling either general or
particular given by A.I.D. will continue to remain in force until revoked or changed by the PCAA. In
the case of A.M.E. Licenses the new licenses bearing the new reference will be issued when the license
is renewed.
Recent Photograph:- A photograph taken within 12 months preceding the date of submission.
AME license books are affixed with 1x1 photographs of the engineer concerned.
Submit 3 recent photographs.
Name inscribed on reverse of each copy.
The photographs may be coloured or black and white.
Photographs are valid for 10 years.
PCAA Airworthiness field office shall retain one photograph in the respective personal file of A.M.E.
and forward two copies to PCAA (HQs Airworthiness Directorate).
All aircraft registered In Pakistan are required to carry an approved, fully operative, emergency
Location transmitter, commonly known as ELT.
ELT is required to comply with latest FAA approved specifications/standards. This notice provides
advice on installation and maintenance requirements of ELT.
ELT must be installed in accordance with an approved E.C.O and by appropriately qualified personnel.
Page 12
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
The ELT battery expiration date should be visible without having to remove the ELT from its mount in
the aircraft.
The coaxial cable between the ELT and external antenna (if used) should be sleeved with fire resistant
materials.
The ELT mount must provide a load path from aircraft primary structural elements directly to the
automatic activation system. The attachment should also be designed to minimize vibration so that the
crash force pulse (a low frequency signal) is not masked by local resonance, nor is a false crash signal
generated.
Most present day ELTS use zinc manganese dioxide i.e. alkaline batteries, although some use
magnesium-manganese dioxide batteries also.
ELTS with lithium batteries, therefore, have to be inspected regularly for corrosion (e.g. an
Airworthiness Directive applicable to one model of ELT calls for inspection at Intervals not exceeding
60 days).
After installation tests should be conducted in coordination with the nearest ATS Unit. A VHF receiver
tuned to 121.5 MHZ should be used to monitor the tests.
To ensure that the ELT is not susceptible to inadvertent activation by conducted or radiated
interference the following should be carried out with the ELT armed and monitored on 12 1.5 MHZ.
Carry out operation check of the ELT in accordance with manufacturer's instructions at intervals not
exceeding 500 hours time in service or six months calendar time, whichever is sooner.This check must
include Inspection for battery condition and expiry date with renewal or recharge as necessary.
Periodic inspection of the aircraft carried out prior to issue of a maintenance release.
At two yearly intervals, the ELT must be removed for bench check in accordance with manufacturers
instructions. Such tests should include the impact switch operation and the transmitter output. Testing
should be conducted in a screened room or with the transmitter connected to a dummy load to limit
radiation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A/C history
Deregistration certificate
Previous ownership (Legal Document)
AMP of the A/C
Tech logs
PCAA shall visit the aircraft.
Updated modifications information
Updated Ads and SBs information
REQUIREMENTS FOR C OF A:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Application for the noise certification is to be submitted to the Airworthiness directorate on latest
version of Form CAAF-150-AWRG.
Following documents are to be submitted along with noise application. A. The aircrafts Type
Certificate and Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS). B. Supplemental Type Certificate(s) as applicable.
Page 13
4.
To ensure the compliance with ETOPS requirements for Twin Engine Turbine Powered Aircraft.
Requirements for ETOPS approval are defined in Air Navigation Order 91.0013.
Prior to ETOPS approval, the operator shall demonstrate that the ETOPS maintenance checks,
servicing and program are being properly conducted at representative departure and destination
aerodromes.
ETOPS manuals, Training program, engineering and maintenance procedures, should include in
reliability program, Engine condition monitoring, Rectification of defects, Oil consumption program,
task card should be developed and signed by ETOPS approved qualified maintenance person and MCC
involvement regarding procedure and policy to ensure the accomplishment of the work.
3.
4.
5.
Operator is issued AOC by Flight Standard but Airworthiness Directorate consults with the
airworthiness aspect of the operation.
Operators Maintenance Control Manual (MCM): A document which describes the operators
procedures necessary to ensure that all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is performed on the
operators aircraft on time and in a controlled and satisfactory manner.
AOC shall be issued for the purpose of Regular public transport, Charter or, Aerial work.
Flight Standards Directorate is the authorized office to accept and process the formal application of the
operator for grant of AOC.
Applicant is required to apply to Director Flight Standards in accordance with AOC Guide (CAAD
Form 617).
6.
REQUIREMENTS FOR AOC APPLICATION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
MCM
MOE
AMM
MEL
CDL
Weight and Balance Record
Maintenance Training Manual
1.
2.
3.
4.
Maintenance program: (include appropriate tasks at appropriate intervals + CPCP and reliability
system)
Maintenance Planning: (Availability of A/c and requirements to meet AMP)
Quality Assurance : (checks for proper compliance with continuous airworthiness and reports to
accountable manager)
MCM (Maintenance control Manual)
AIRWORTHINESS INSPECTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MCM review
Record keeping
Continuous airworthiness
SMS Manual
Organizational Structure
Page 14
Training Programe
Proving flight ( has to done when new AOC issued and AOC extended or new Type included in fleet)
Upon satisfactory assessment of the Maintenance and Airworthiness aspects, the Airworthiness
Directorate may recommend grant of AOC to Flight Standards Directorate.
DGCAA approves issuance of AOC for a period of one year. The AOC is renewed annually subject to
continued compliance with requirements, which may be assessed through audit by Civil Aviation
Authority.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3, 4 members
Head by CE QA and CE or Manager maintenance part of it
PCAA inspector should participate
Meeting should be held quarterly
Minutes of the meeting send to field office.
Page 15
Identify Hazard
Do remedial action
Monitoring and maintaining safety level
Continuous improvement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
Page 16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
It contains
1. Scope (to what extend it is implemented)
2. Policies and objectives
3. Key posts and their responsibilities
4. Procedures
5. Emergency Response plan
6. Risk Management
1. Hazard identification
2. [ Tolerability = Probability x Severity]
3. Alpha numeric 5A-3B not acceptable
7. Safety Assurance:
1. Safety performance and monitoring (same as above)
2. Management Of change:
1. The periodic changes in the system
2. Eliminating unwanted or unnecessary systems
3. Continuous improvement by Proactive and reactive measures
8. Safety Promotions;
1. Safety training
2. Safety Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
1.
Page 17
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Purpose : Provide guidelines to the air operator interested to bring the aircraft on dry lease, wet lease
and ownership basis.
Main proposed action of induction of aircraft requirement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TSN (Time since new): Life of the aircraft in hours since the date of manufacturing.
CSN (Cycles since new): cycles done by the aircraft since the date of manufacturing.
Page 18
f.
g.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Eligibility requirements for registration of an aircraft have been prescribed in latest revision of
AWNOT-004-AWXX and AWNOT-005-AWRG.
2.
3.
Type Certificate/Type Validation Certificate along with Type Certificate Data sheet (TCDS) issued by
FAA or EASA.
4.
No Objection Certificate issued by the Air Transport & Economic Regulation Directorate (AT & ERD)
of PCAA.
5.
Page 19
7.
8.
9.
If the aircraft is required to be registered by a person other than owner, power of attorney from the
owner shall be required.
1.
Operator must have either in-house maintenance facilities or they have acquired services of any other
PCAA approved organization having appropriately qualified AMEs in categories i,e A ,C,X and
R or otherwise authorized by PCAA to certify the aircraft. ( Ref ANO -001-AWRG).
2.
Availability of Continuous Airworthiness setup with approved nominated post holder of PCAA. ( Ref
AWNOT-065-AWRG).
3.
Availability of Quality Assurance setup with approved nominated post holder of PCAA who is directly
reporting to the accountable Manager.
4.
The operator shall submit customized maintenance program (CMP) for that particular aircraft.
Approval of Maintenance program is mandatory.
5.
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA ) license, Mode -S transponder code & PCAA radio
installation certificates as per AWNOT-071-AWXX.
6.
7.
8.
Modification status ensuring that all the modification /inspections/Airworthiness Directives /Mandatory
Service Bulletins have been complied with.
9.
List of Hard time components (HTC) or Life Limited Parts (LLPs), which will ensure that no
component is over flying on the aircraft.
10. Availability of Maintenance Manual, Structure repair Manual (SRM),IPC,WDM, Flight Manual and
Dangerous Goods Manual.
11. Rectification of carried forward defects deficiencies of documents and equipment(s) as well as
shortcomings pointed out by PCAA inspection team during the course of inspection.
12. Availability of Mandatory/emergency equipment on board as per ANO-007-AWRG.
Page 20
Duly approved by Airworthiness Directorate to conduct modular examinations of basic B1.1 and/or B2, on
behalf of PCAA.
B1.1 BASIC COURSE: A mechanical course, which covers basic training relative to Combination of Aeroplanes
and turbine engines.
B1.2 BASIC COURSE: A mechanical course, which covers basic training relative to Combination of Aeroplanes
and piston engines.
B1.3 BASIC COURSE: A mechanical course, which covers basic training relative to Combination of Helicopters
and turbine engines.
B1.4 BASIC COURSE: A mechanical course, which covers basic training relative to Combination of Helicopters
and piston engines.
B2 BASIC COURSE: An Avionics course, which covers basic training relative to category Avionics (no further
sub-division).
ON THE JOB TRAINING - OJT: A system of under supervision training conducted in a PCAA Approved
organization.
Airworthiness Directorate has now moved towards adaption of EASA based SARI regulations.
This process of harmonization in the region stems from the desire of CAA Board, under which CAA
Pakistan has been directed to transform its regulations in harmony with EASA (European Aviation
safety Agency).
The harmonized Regulations on Licensing of Maintenance Personnel (SARI Part-66) and Approval
of Training Organizations (SARI Part-147) for South Asian Countries are being formulated under
Working Groups which has members from all SAARC Countries including Pakistan.
An applicant shall not be less than 18 years of age.
An applicant shall be capable of reading and writing the English language.
At the time of issue / renewal of basic license for category B1.1 or B2, the applicant shall submit a
medical and color vision certificate from a registered medical practitioner.
Procedure & requirements of B1 & B2 courses examination conducted by AN0 147 approved training
organization.
Conduct of basic and type B1/B2 type examination via approved ANO-147 MTO.
AIRCRAFT, machine drive in the atmosphere from the reaction of the air other than reaction of the air
against the earths surface.
CERTIFYING STAFF, maintenance personnel releasing the aircraft or component after maintenance.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE,have same legal meanings as AML in
SARI/EASA doc.
Examination of type B1 OR B2 OR C conducted by approved ANO147 training organization or
approved courses conducted by training organization.
PCAA explain the procedure of basic and type of B1 and B2 knowledge requirement conducted the
approved training course.
PAPERLESS examination for basic and type must be conducted with eff. From 30-06-14. Hard copies
of exam must secure for further review by PCAA auditors.
MCQs paper by (CRS Computer Random Selection) through customized software.
For approved examination develop a (QDB Quick Database) for this purpose.
Examination manager shall nominate the invigilator/examiners for the integrity of the examination.
Page 21
Instructor of the module/course shall not be allowed to enter in the examination hall during that
module/course exam.
Calculators (specially) and other electronics devices not allowed.
Photographic proof of identity must be on desk.
Not allowed to bring pen or pencil, all provided by the examination center.
Seat spacing between seats right/ left 1.5m and fwd/aft 1m.
Proven to be cheating banned for 12 months for same phase or basic.
Examination shall be conduct after getting approval from local AW field office, prior permission from
5 days before the examination date.
Examination result shall be announced within 24 hours and copy of result shall be submit in local AW
field office and HQ of airworthiness via email.
Basic module will not be retaken for 90 days and type for 30 days from the date of failed examination.
Absent in basic module or phase of the type exam will be consider as failed and reappeared after 30
days, until & unless intimate quality manager of training organization with valid and authentic reason
like death of blood relative or medical emergency, etc.
75% passing marks.
120 sec/level3, 75 sec/level 1 & 2 questions.
2 years of practical maintenance experience in requested category, on operating large aircrafts (gross weight
>5700 kg) in pcaa approved maintenance organizations. For applicants have Pcaa approved basic b1.1
(formerly basic aerospace) or basic b-2 (formerly basic avionics) course or easa part -147 approved basic
b1.1 or b2 course.
Maintenance experience shall be exclusive of any ojt, programmed ojt, workshop activity or any other
maintenance activity.
05 years of practical maintenance experience in requested category, on operating large aircrafts(gross weight
>5700 KG) in PCAA approved maintenance organizations, for the applicants who have no previous PCAA
or EASA approved Basic B1.1 or B2 course.
For all applicants, at least one (01) year of the required experience, must be recent maintenance experience
on aircraft of the category.
As recent experience, at least 50% of the required 12 month recent experience should be gained within the
12-month period, prior to the date of application for the issuance of basic aircraft maintenance licence.
Remainder of the recent experience should have been gained within the 7-year period prior to application
date.
These basic module knowledge examinations shall be conducted by a training organization appropriately
approved by Airworthiness Directorate of PCAA or EASA Part-147 approved training institute.
Candidates can write their remarks/comments, regarding any question, on reverse side of answer sheet in the
form of NOTE.
No examination can be conducted without prior intimation to local Airworthiness field office and HQ
Airworthiness at least 07 days before the date of examination.
The candidate will apply to local airworthiness field office on CAAF-466-AWEG-1.0, for issuance of basic
license in category B1.1 or B2, alongwith all documentary evidence.
Page 22
The local field office shall verify CAAF-466-AWEG-1.0 for completeness and ensure that the experience.
Field office will forward the case to HQ Airworthiness with recommendations.
The applicant shall be required to appear for an oral examination, by a board constituted by Director
Airworthiness, before issuance of basic license in requested category.
During oral, the candidate will be examined in following modules, as mentioned against each category:
For B1.1: M3, M9, M10, M11A, M15 & M17
For B2: M3, M4, M5, M9, M10, & M13
2.
3.
INSTRUCTOR: A person, who will deliver ANO-066 module, ANO-066 element, or part
thereof.
1. The instructor is not necessarily the person involved into the drafting of the course
material, however he must be involved at some point into the organization of the
lessons, creation of notes, slides, etc.
EXAMINER: A person who will determine the level of theoretical knowledge of the trainees
on a particular module, element, or part thereof.
1. Function is drafting and/or the selection of questions (MCQs and Essays).
2. The performance of the examination exercise itself for essay questions.
3. the evaluation of the correctness of answers and the final judgment regarding the
level of knowledge demonstrated by the trainee.
POINTS OF CONCLUSION:
1. Cover personnel requirement for qualification and experience.
2. Examiners, instructors & practical assessors should complete the Train the Trainee (TtT)
COURSE approved by PCAA.
3. Be able to demonstrate rules & regulation of ANO 66 & 147 & MTOE procedures.
QUALIFICATION & EXPERIENCE OF INSTRUCTORS:
Page 23
ANO-147 REQUIREMENTS:
1. ANO-147 organizations should ensure that their staff remain conversant with the requirements of
ANO-066, ANO-147 and associated mnls, AMCs, Guidance Materials through update training.
2. Should maintain a record of the courses instructed and identify the amount of experience.
3. Demonstrating at least 35 hours of update training carried out over a 24 month period.
4. Assessment and approval of examiners and assessors shall be performed by the approved training
organization.
5. No PCAA Form 4 is to be submitted to Airworthiness Directorate for approval of these staffs.
CONTINUED QUALIFICATION:
Page 24
4.
APPENDIX A, PART A , TAC (TEACHING AUTHORIZATION CERTIFICATE):
1. A Teaching Authorization Certificate (TAC) issued to an instructor, authorizes him/her to
teach/conduct modules of approved basic courses.
2. Airworthiness Directorate of PCAA may authorize Quality Manager of an approved Maintenance
Training Organization (MTO) to issue Teaching Authorizations Certificate (TAC) to instructors of
his/her MTO, to conduct module of Basic B1/B2 courses,
3. TAC will only be issued, is given in organizations MTOE, upto the satisfaction of PCAA.
4. Manager Quality can issue TAC only after confirming that the applicant has met the prescribed
requirements, as given in Table-1 of this Appendix.
5. instructor of ANO-147 organization should not attend the module examination in the same
organization.
6. Controller of local Airworthiness field office, may suspend/revoke TAC at any time.
REQUIREMENTS:
1. An applicant shall be capable of reading and writing the English language
2. Must have successfully completed PCAA approved Train the Trainer course
3. Must possess ANO-147 examination certificates of M-10 (both mcqs & Essay).
4. Must meet the requirement for TAC, as given in Table-1 of this Appendix.
Page 25
ANO-147 examination certificate is equivalent to Pre ANO-066 Module examination certificate issued
in accordance with AWNOT-078-AWEG by ANO-008-AWRG approved organizations.
b.
Holder of ANO-147 course completion certificate is equivalent to holder of Basic Aerospace or Basic
Avionics, (as the case may be), course completion certificate.
c.
Teaching experience means, the experience gain while teaching in PCAA approved training institutes or
defense forces aviation training institutes.
d.
Practical Maintenance Experience (PME) must be maintained and submitted in the form of detailed
experience logbook pages while working in PCAA approved MRO, covering the vide variety of
maintenance tasks, related with Module under question.
e.
Quality Managers of Training organizations shall prepare and define a procedure, for issuance and extension
of Teaching Authorization Certificate (TAC), in their MTOE.
f.
When an instructor has acquired TAC for all modules of B1 or B2 category, he/she can apply to local
airworthiness field office on the latest issue of PCAA form CAAF-120-AWEG for obtaining Basic B1 or B2
Proficiency Certificate (PC).
g.
PCAA will discontinue to issue type PCs in split categories (i.e A, C, X or R) with effect from
01/01/2015. Instructors are therefore advised to complete all their trade PCs well before this target date.
Page 26
If, any information provided or module that has been authorized by me, is found to be false/incorrectly
or misleading. I shall render myself liable to Part XVIII Penal Provisions and Prosecutions of the
Civil Aviation Rules 1994.
2.
I have completely read and understood Part XVIII (Penal Provisions and Prosecutions) and Part XIX
(with Holding, Suspension and Cancellation of Licenses and Certificates) of the Civil Aviation Rules
1994.
Rule 333: shall be punishable with fine not exceeding one hundred thousand rupees or with
imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or both.
Rule 338. Limitation of Prosecution. A prosecution in respect of any offence against the rules may be
commenced at any time within one year after the commission of the offence.
Rule 342 (c) the license holder obtained the license as a result of making an untrue statement or by
means of a misrepresentation.
6.
7.
8.
Explain PCAA requirements for grant of AML & PCs under protected rights.
Applicable to all PC / LWTR/ AML/ class I holders.
Recent type practical means hands on experience on type related tasks.
Recent type practical experience counted from date of acceptance of application of
previous rating to the next rating.
Phase wise implementation as follows:
a. Phase-I, AML/LWTR above 5700kg FORM-19 Application acceptance
15/01/14, implementation 15/02/14.
b. Phase-II, AML/LWTR below or equal to 5700 kg, App. Acceptance 01/12/14,
impl. 01/01/15.
Discontinuation of previous licenses:
a. For PHASE-I, 30/11/13.
b. For PHASE-II, 30/03/15.
ANO-147 or EASA-147 type training course applicant will only be allowed to apply
under ANO-066 terms and conditions.
Those who have ANO-008 approved training course can allow for type endorsement
under ANO-066 after completing formalities of pre-ANO-147, till 31/12/14.
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
16. Basic Modular examinations must be ANO-147 or EASA Part-147 approved or they
must have been conducted in accordance with AWNOT-078-AWEG by PCAA
approved organization.
17. Maintenance experience shall be exclusive of any OJT, Programmed OJT, workshop
activity or any other maintenance activity, for the requirements of Basic course.
18. At least one (01) year of the required experience, must be recent maintenance
experience on aircraft of the category.
19. As recent experience, at least 50% of the required 12 month recent experience should
be gained within the 12-month period, prior to the date of application for the issuance
of basic aircraft maintenance licence.
20. Remainder of the recent experience should have been gained within the 7-year period
prior to application date.
21. Limitation codes may be applied on singly or combination of basic & type categories
for conversion of ANO-066 license under protected rights. (Appendix E)
Page 31
APPROVAL PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GRANT OF APPROVAL:
1.
1.
Organizational Structure
1.Engineering Staff
1.Maintenance facilities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
2.Distribution
3.Training
4.Man Hours
2.Spares storage
3.Material control
4.NDT
Page 32
EXTENSION OFAPPROVAL:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Form # CAAF-002
3 copies of exposition manual
Capability list
Fee
Audit by PCAA
EXPOSITION MANUAL:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
MAINTENANCE CERTIFICATES:
1.
2.
CRS:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Page 33
3.
4.
TECHNICAL RECORDS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
TRAINING POLICY:
1.
2.
Must provide all tools and equipment required to fulfill the maintenance as per AMM
Tools that require calibration must be calibrated.
Page 34
Issued for chartered, aerial work and transport category mentioned by owner before C of A.
In case of new a/c induction C of A issued after inspection of Aircraft.
CAAF-127
Previous C of A
Maintenance done by AMO and AME.
Previous C of A may be accepted by PCAA if they dont find any objection.
Test flown (if required)
Flight manual
Latest AMM, Wiring and repair Manual
Operation Manual
Weight and Balance Manual
Page 35
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
INSPECTION PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Class.
1.
2.
3.
Page 36
ANO-145
INTRODUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
This Air Navigation Order has become effective from 15th January, 2013.
Supersedes ANO-145-AWRG-1.0 dated 1st Oct, 2012 and ANO-001-AWRG-5.0 dated 4th April, 2011.
The organizations approved or being approved before the enforcement of this ANO and carrying out
maintenance under ANO-001-AWRG-5.0, must be in compliance with ANO-145-AWRG before 1st
January, 2015.
Amendment of an existing approval shall be made on PCAA Form 2 by PCAA.
The ANO 145 has been divided in to Three Chapters:
Chapter 1: Regulations
Chapter 2: Acceptable Means of Compliance to ANO 145
Chapter 3: Guidance Material to ANO 145.
6.
7.
EASA Part 145 has been selected to provide the basic structure of ANO 145.
Appropriate customization for the needs of Pakistan. The paragraph numbering is as per SARIs Master
document.
8. Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority has agreed to adapt SARI 145 into its national codes.
9. Contents are divided as:
I.
Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in ANO 145.
II.
Amendments to the text in ANO 145 are issued as amendment pages, following NPA
adoption.
III.
New, amended and corrected text will be enclosed within heavy brackets.
10. TERMS USED:
I.
Shall is used to indicate a mandatory requirement.
II.
Should is used to indicate a recommendation. Normally appears in AMCs and GM.
III.
May is used to indicate discretion by the Authority.
IV.
Will indicates a mandatory requirement, advise industry to action.
11. First issue, all sections and pages, 1st OCT, 2012.
12. Rev. is made by 15th Jan 13, section and pages that amended are LOA-1, TOC-1 (including other
pages). Means only amendment has been done in CHAP-1 Regulation.
Page 37
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Page 38
viii.
MAINTENANCE DATA
PRODUCTION PLANNING The planning of maintenance tasks, and the organising of shifts,
shall take into account human performance limitations. Plan the availability of all necessary
personnel, tools, equipment, material, maintenance data and facilities in order to ensure the
safe completion of the maintenance work.
CERTIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE The authorized release certificate or airworthiness
approval tag identified as PCAA Form 1. A certificate of release to service shall be issued by
appropriately authorized certifying staff on behalf of the organization when it has been
verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the organization in
accordance with the procedures specified in point ANO 145.A.70. When Acft is grounded
other than line or base maintenance station, having no ARC of the component, serviceable
component installed and can fly 30 FH or return the acft first to line or base which ever
condition comes first subject to said component ARC provided at base or line maintenance.
ix.
MAINTENANCE RECORDS
x.
xi.
Accountable manager sign the MOE in case of SEAMS , D.E is the accountable manager.
Organization safety and quality policy. Duties and responsibilities of the person &
organization chart in ANO 145.A.30. List of certifying staff. Organization scope of work.
MOE amendment procedure and approved by PCAA. Procedure and quality system
established. Minor amendments can be done by exposition procedure called indirect approval.
SMSM( Safety management system manual) should include in MOE.
xii.
FINDING :
Three type of findings a). Level 1 : lowers the safety standards and hazard
seriously for the safety of the flight. b). Level 2: Lowers the safety standards and possible
hazards for the safety of the flight.
Page 39