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TINHCHATVADOPHINHIEUDAT
TINHCHATVADOPHINHIEUDAT
S lng v
c tnh ca
cht hu c
TC NG
MNH M
- S hnh thnh
t
- Tnh cht l, ha
- ph t
Cc cht hu c
b phn gii
Chim
--Cht
Cht hu
hu c
c
85 gin cha
n
ngoi
mn
C-90%
v N
cht
hu c
-Hp cht mn
C cu to
phc tp
b. nh ngha:
- Cht hu c l mt b phn cu thnh
t, l cc tn tch hu c n gin
cha C, N v hp cht hu c phc tp
cht mn.
c. Ngun gc cht hu c t:
Ngun gc cht hu c
Trong t nhin
Tn tch SV
Tn tch SV
Cht hu c
Cht tro
* Cht hu c:
- Sinh vt sng trong t, ly cht dinh
dng t t sinh trng, pht trin.
- Khi cht li nhng tn tch hu c (xc
hu c).
KT QU
Cy thn c R
ng c
li trong t tng t mt
* Cht tro :
Phn hu c:
- Trong trng trt, phn hu c l 1 ngun
ln b sung cht hu c cho t
-Khi ngi dn thu hach c ht ln cy,
phn hu c gn nh l ngun chnh tng
lng mn trong t
- Cc lai phn hu c : phn chung, phn
bc, phn rc, phn xanh, bn ao
d. Thnh phn xc hu c:
- ng, axt hu c Chim khong 15 30%
C6H12O12
: glucza
C5H10O5
: pentoz
C4H6O3
: axit glucnic
C2H2O4
: axit oxalic
D tan
trong nc
Nn b VSV
phn hy v
b ra tri
C55H43O18
C40H44O10
hoc
kh b phn hy
d b phn
gii bi cc
VSV (amn
ha, nitrt
ha)
- Rong ru
-Vi khun
- Tamin:
cy h c
c tnh: - d ha tan trong nc
- d b xi ha
- kt hp vi prtt to thnh
hp cht khng tan
- kh phn gii nhng c vai tr
trong s hnh thnh axt mn
Ca, Mg,
K, Na, Si,
Al, Cl
tngFe,lai
I, Zn, B, F
S lng v t l ph thuc vo
SV v iu kin sng ca chng.
+ Cc ng vt thn g: Ca, Si
QU TRNH KHANG HA
QU TRNH MN HA
N2, Kh quyn
MN HA
SN PHM MN HA
SN PHM KHANG HA
- Mui khong (d tan)
(NH4,, NH3, CO3, SO4, PO4..)
- CO2, H2O
- Calo (nng lng cho t)
KHANG HA
Hp cht mn
(cao phn t mu en)
thch
hp
0
trnh
khong
hanhanh
thng
khmu
-Khi
t mu
qu thp,
m (bc
cao,..
Cc yu t nh hng: hat
mt
m
ng
mnh,
to
ra
nhiu
Qukhi
trnh
ny
b ccht
ch,dinh
t s
ha)
s
dng.
-Cn iu kin thong kh
dng
chohu
cygii
trng
th
hct,
sau
giu phn
cht
c,
giu
mn.
-t c thnh
c
nh
(t
-bc
V
vy
qu
trnh
khang
ha
chim
u
Kh hu
Nhng
cy
vngim
thiu
dinh
-Cn
mu,
..)ti
xp,
thot
nc,
pH
c
phng
php
tc
trung
th,
giii
ra nhiu
cht
dinh
dng
dng,
nng
sut
thpVSV
tn
lphn
miha
trng
thch
hp
hoc
khong
vi
t
c cho
thnh
phn
cho
cy
nhng
kh
phn
gii cht
hung
c. thi cht hu
gii
nhtrng,
c vvy,
mn
phtn
hy
nhanh.
Lm
cho
-Nh
ibvi
tch
sinh vt
khc
t ngho
mn
vha
t.
-Qu
trnh
cht hu
u
Tnh cht t
nhau
th
tckhang
qu
trnhcc
khong
ha c
khc
khc nhau.
nhau
- Mnh nht l cc lai ng, tinh bt,
protit, lipit (cc lai cy thn tho, cy non,
cy l to) trong iu kin ho kh
Xc hu c
- Sau l Xenlul, sp nha, tanhin (cc
(tn tch TV)
lai cy thn g lu nm, cy l kim, cy
bi gai)
* Sn phm khang ha xc hu c:
Xc hu
c
ng,
tinh bt,
xenlul
Qu trnh
khong ha
Sn phm khang ha
Linhin,
Phn gii din ra Axt hu
Nha sp,. chm
c, axt
bo,
Ym kh
Ho kh
CO2, H2,
hay CH4
CO2,H2O
H2, CH4
CO2,H2O
a. Qu trnh mn ha:
- Mn c cu to t protit, linhin, tanin v
nhng thnh phn khc nhau ca VSV
- c im c bn qu trnh mn ha: l nhng
phn ng sinh ha, oxi ha dn dn nhng hp
cht cc phn t c mch vng khc nhau, lin
kt li vi nhau, ri trng hp, dn ti hnh
thnh hp cht cao phn t mn bn vng.
XC HU C
HYDRATCACBON, PROTEIN
Sn phm phn gii cui
cng:
-Mui khong
- CO2,
- H2O
TANIN, LINHIN
VSV phn gii
HP CHT HU C
CHUI -Quino
AMINOAXIT
SN PHM PHN HY
HP CHT MN
S TM TT CC BC HNH THNH MN
Yu t ni ti
t ai
m vi tnh
cht vt, ha l
nh hng ti
hnh thnh mn
- m giu Ca
mn nhuyn, gp
trn t en, gip
VSV d phn gii,
To mt trung tn
- m giu SiO2
mn th, do
VSV hat ng
km, to nn mi
trng chua
c tnh cht hu c
cng vi thnh phn
S lng VSV
Yu t ni ti
t ai
c tnh cht hu c
cng vi thnh phn
S lng VSV
PHN HA TAN
+ NaOH
XC HU C
BN PHN GiI
HUMIN
+ H2SO4
CHT KT TA
(EN)
AXIT HUMIC
CHT HA TAN
(VNG)
AXIT FULVIC
t (Mn)
AXIT FULVIC
HP CHT HUMIN
- l mt axt hu c
cao phn t cha
Nit, hnh thnh
trong mt trung tn
- l mt axt hu c
cao phn t cha
Nit, hnh thnh trong
mt chua
- l t hp ca cc
cht mn
MU
SC
Nu sm hay
nu en
PHN
NG
AXIT HUMIC
KHI
NIM
en
- Ph thuc vo:
+ lai t
+ thnh phn ha
hc ca tn tch SV
+ iu kin mn
ha
+ phng php
tch axt humic khi
t
AXIT FULVIC
-C, H, O, N, v
cc nguyn t tro
- Thnh phn C v N
(40-52%) (2,3 -4,2%)
t hn axit humic
(52-62%) (3,5 -4,7%)
-Nhng O, H nhiu
hn axit humic
HP CHT HUMIN
- ging nh axt humic
v axt fulvic
- C cha C t do ( l
nhng phn t tr
khng tham gia vo qu
trnh xy ra trong t)
C =
COOH
AXIT FULVIC
HP CHT HUMIN
-Nguyn tc v cu trc - c cu to bi
ging vi axit humic
cc lin kt gia
axit humic, axit fulvic
-iu khc nhau: nhn
v cc khong st
vng thm t hn mch
nhnh
Cu
to
Cu
trc
AXIT HUMIC
AXIT FULVIC
Nguyn tc cu to:
c hnh thnh
bng 2 phn:
HP CHT HUMIN
AXIT FULVIC
HP CHT HUMIN
AXIT FULVIC
-C th lin kt vi
cc khang st to
nhng keo st mn
bn vng v h hp
ph tt nht ca t
HP CHT HUMIN
AXIT FULVIC
Tm li L t hp mn tt nht L t hp mn xu
ca hp cht mn. V hn axt humic
c nhng c tnh qu :
-t chua
-Bn vng
-Hm lng N cao
-Kh nng hp ph
trao i ion ln
-Cc hp cht kt hp
vi cation v khang
st bn
t giu axt fulvic
t giu axt humic c thng b chua,
ph cao
ngho mn, cc
nguyn t d b ra
tri di dng mui
fulvat d ha tan
HP CHT HUMIN
-Rt bn vng trong
t, cy trng khng
s dng c
Cc loi mn:
Stt Loi mn
Hnh thnh
TP l ha
Mn Canxi
Trn t giu
Cabont Ca
Kt cu ht, vin
r rng, xc HC
phn gii nhanh
Mn di
rng (mn
nhuyn
Di rng cy l
rng, t Ca, Al
Nhiu xc hu
c, VSV pht
trin nhanh,
Mor
Di rng cy l
kim , giu Si,
ngho Ca
Stt Loi mn
Hnh thnh
TP l ha
iu kin nhp
nc v giu xc
hu c
-Than bn t chua
: nhiu N, C/N<30
-Than bn chua:
N t, C/N # 40
Than bn
- TPCG
- Kt cu t
- Nhit
- iu ha
- Nc
- Khng kh
- Nguyn t N, P, K, S,
Ca, Mg
- Nguyn t vi lng