Tieu Chuan Thiet Ke Be Tu Hoai

b xy dng
d tho
b t hoi hng dn thit

k, thi cng xy dng, lp t,
qun l vn hnh v bo dng
Septic Tank - Manual for Design, Construction, Installation,
Operation and Maintenance
H Ni, 12/2007
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Bn d tho Hng dn ny c xy dng, sa i v b sung sau 2 Hi
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Xin trn trng cm n.
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B t hoi - Hng dn thit k, thi cng xy dng, lp t, qun l vn hnh v bo dng (D tho)
B t hoi hng dn thit k, thi cng xy dng,

lp t, qun l vn hnh v bo dng
septic tank manual for design, construction,
installation, operation and maintenance
1. phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu k thut trong Hng dn ny l bt buc p dng khi thit k,
thi cng xy dng, lp t, vn hnh v bo dng b t hoi x l cc b
nc thi sinh hot ca mt h gia nh hay nhm h gia nh, v cc loi
nc thi c thnh phn, tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot (bp n
tp th, nh hng, khch sn, khu du lch, trng hc, bnh vin, vn phng lm
vic, cc c s chn nui v ch bin nng sn, thc phm, vv...).
2. Ti liu vin dn:
-
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam. B Xy dng 1997.
Quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh. B Xy dng

1999.
Thot nc. Thut ng v nh ngha: TCVN 4038 85.
Thot nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k: TCVN 4474 87.
Thot nc Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu chun thit

k TCXDVN 51 84.
Cn h Tiu chun thit k: TCVN 4450 1987.
Nh Nguyn tc c bn thit k: TCVN 4451 1987.
Tiu chun xy dng ca Anh quc: (1) Building regulations 2000: Drainage
and waste disposal. Approved document H: H1 .. H6; (2) British Standard BS
6297:1983: Code of practice for Design and installation of small sewage
treatment works and cesspools.
S tay Cc Bo v mi trng Lin bang M: EPA/625/R-00/008: Office of

Water Research and Development. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. February 2002.
Tiu chun thit k b t hoi ca c: South Australian Health

Commission: Waste control systems: Standard for the construction,
installation and operation of septic tank systems in South Australia. 1995.
3. Thut ng v nh nghi:
Trong Hng dn ny, cc thut ng s dng c hiu nh sau:
B t hoi: B cha kn, tip nhn nc thi ca mt b phn hoc ca c
h thng thot nc t bn trong nh v cng trnh xy dng. Trong b, cc
cht rn khng tan c gi li, ln men v phn hu, cn cc cht lng
c x ra h

thng thot nc bn ngoi cng trnh hay c x l tip tc trong cc

cng trnh khc.
B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln: B t hoi c
cc vch ngn hay ng dn, hng dng nc chy t di ln trn,
tip xc vi cc vi sinh vt k kh trong lp bn hnh thnh y b trong
iu kin ng, nh vy tng hiu sut x l nc thi v phn hu bn cn.
B thu du, m: B tch du, m trong nc thi.
Cng thot nc trong cng trnh: Cng thu nc thi trong cng trnh dn
v cng trnh x l nc thi hay ra cng thot nc ngoi cng trnh.
Cng thot nc ngoi cng trnh: Cng thot nc ngoi cng trnh,
thu nc thi t cng thot nc trong cng trnh hay t cng trnh x l
nc thi cc b chuyn vo h thng thot nc khu vc, hoc cng
thot nc cng cng, hoc vo ni quy nh.
Dn s quy i: s ngi s dng b t hoi thc t hay quy i, c tiu chun
thi nc tng ng vi tiu chun thi nc sinh hot ca h gia nh,
c quy i t ton b s ngi thc t c trong cng trnh, dng tnh
ton thit
k kch thc ca b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot t cng trnh .
Dn s tng ng: s ngi c ti lng cht bn, theo mt ch tiu
cho trc, tng ng vi ti lng cht bn c trong dng nc thi ca
i tng thi nc ang xt.
Dung tch t ca b t hoi: bng tng dung tch phn cha nc, bn cn v
vng ni trong b t hoi.
H thng x l nc thi cc b: H thng x l nc thi trong phm vi
cng trnh hay cm cng trnh, bao gm cc loi b t hoi v mt s cng
trnh khc nh bi lc ngm, ging thm, hoc cc cng trnh kt hp khc.
Li lc: Thit b lc c th tho lp ri, c lp vo ngn cui ca b t
hoi, dng gi li cc cht rn, nhm nng cao cht lng nc u ra
khi b t hoi.
Nc en: Nc thi ca h gia nh, bao gm nc di khu v sinh v nc
t chu ra nh bp hoc my ra bt.
Nc xm: Nc thi ca h gia nh (khng cha phn, nc tiu), bao
gm nc qua s dng t bn tm, vi hoa sen, chu ra, cht git, my git.
Ngn lc: mt phn ca b t hoi hay mt cng trnh ring bit c xy
dng ni tip sau b t hoi, dng x l nc thi theo nguyn tc lc
sinh hc dnh bm, hiu kh hoc k kh.
Tiu chun thi nc sinh hot: lng nc thi sinh hot trung bnh
ca mt ngi trong h gia nh trong mt ngy m (lt/ngi/ngy), ng vi
ngy dng nc ln nht trong nm, tnh cho tng giai on xy dng.
Khi khng c iu kin kho st thc t, c th ly tiu chun thi nc sinh
hot bng tiu chun cp nc ca i tng .

4. quy nh chung
4.1. B t hoi c s dng lm sch cc b nc thi trc khi tip tc
x l trong cc cng trnh khc hay thi ra ngun tip nhn (mng
li thot nc bn ngoi, t, sng, h, ...).
4.2. Cc loi b t hoi c s dng bao gm:
- b t hoi, vi 1 - 2 n 3 ngn.
- b t hoi c ngn lc hiu kh.
- b t hoi c ngn lc k kh.
- b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln.
- b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc
k kh.
- b t hoi c li lc tho lp c.
- b t hoi c ngn bm (trong h thng thot nc c cc b t
hoi v ng ng p lc).
- Cc loi b t hoi khc c chp nhn s dng.
4.3. Khi xy dng b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot, phi dn c nc
en v nc xm vo b, tr trng hp c cc gii php x l khc.
C th dn nc xm vo cc ngn sau (th 2, th 3) ca b t hoi.
Trng
hp x nc xm trc tip ra ngun tip nhn, phi c cc c quan c
thm quyn chp thun.
4.4. Nc thi t nh bp, ca hng n ung, trong trng hp lu
lng nc thi vt qu 1,5 m3/ngy, phi x l s b trong b
tch du, m hoc b tuyn ni, vi lc, ... trc khi chy vo b t
hoi.
4.5. Lng nc thi sinh hot trung bnh tnh trn u ngi (l/ngi/ngy)
c xc nh bng kho st thc t. Khi khng c iu kin th c th ly
s b theo tiu chun cp nc (TCXDVN 33:2006 v cc ti liu thit k
khc c lin quan.
4.6. Ti lng cht bn tnh theo u ngi (g/ngi/ngy) c xc
nh bng kho st thc t. Khi khng c iu kin kho st thc t,
c th tham kho Ph lc A.
4.7.
B t hoi c th c b tr di nn nh, di khu v sinh hay

ngoi nh, cch b cha nc sch ti thiu 10 m. B phi c thit
k v xy dng kn, kht, khng b thm, r r, khng b ngp nc,
khng gy nhim mi trng xung quanh v nh hng n kt cu
ca cc cng trnh ln cn. Nu khong cch t b t hoi n b cha
nc sch di
10 m, cn p dng cc gii php t bit chng nhim. B t hoi
phi c b tr ni thun tin cho vic kim tra, bo dng, ht
bn
nh k.
5. yu cu thit k cc loi b t hoi

B t hoi
5.1.
B t hoi cn c thit k chi tit vi y thng tin v tnh ton kt

cu, m t bin php thi cng, quy trnh kim tra v mt ti trng v thu
lc v cc ni dung khc theo yu cu ca c quan qun l c thm quyn

quy nh.
5.2.
B t hoi thng c hnh ch nht, vung hay trn trn mt bng, c

xy dng bng gch, b tng ct thp, cht do.
5.3.
Dung tch t ti thiu ca b t hoi x l nc en v nc xm

thng ly bng 3 m3. Dung tch ti thiu b t hoi x l nc en
t khu v sinh thng ly bng 1,5 m3. i vi b t hoi trong h
thng thot nc ring, khi nc thi c tip tc x l ti trm
x l nc thi tp trung,
c th c quy nh ring cho ph hp.
5.4.
Kch thc nh nht ca b t hoi quy nh nh sau: Chiu su lp

nc trong b, tnh t y b n mt nc, khng thp hn 1,2 m. Ngn
cha
c th su hn ngn lng. Chiu rng hay ng knh b khng nh hn
0,7 m. T l gia chiu di v chiu rng b ch nht thng bng 3:1.
Vi b t hoi 2 ngn, dung tch ngn th nht (ngn cha) khng
nh hn 2/3 dung tch b. Vi b 3 ngn, ngn u c dung tch khng
di
0,5 tng dung tch b, 2 ngn sau mi ngn c dung tch 0,25 tng dung
tch b. Khi lu lng nc thi nh hn 10 m3/ngy th nn s dng
b 2 ngn; khi lu lng ln hn 10 m3/ngy th nn s dng b
t hoi 3 ngn; khi lu lng ln hn 20 m3/ngy th nn xy
dng 2 hoc nhiu
n nguyn.
5.5.
5.6.
Dung tch b t hoi c xc nh ph thuc vo cu to b, thnh

phn tnh cht nc thi, s ngi s dng b, thi gian gia hai ln ht
cn v nhit ca mi trng. Tng dung tch ca b t hoi c tnh
nh sau:
V = V + Vk
(1)
trong :
V: tng dung tch ca b t hoi, khng k tng v vch ngn (m3);
V: dung tch t ca b t hoi (m3);
Vk: dung tch phn lu khng, tnh t mt nc ln tm an np b (m3).
5.7.
Dung tch t ca b t hoi c tnh nh sau:

V = Vn + Vc
(2)
trong :
V: dung tch t ca b t hoi (m3);
Vn: dung tch vng lng ca b t hoi (m3);
Vc: dung tch vng cha bn cn v vng ni trong b t hoi (m3).
5.8.
Dung tch vng lng ca b t hoi c tnh nh sau:

Vn = Q x tn
(3)
trong :
Q: lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi chy vo b (m3/ngy), c xc
nh bng kho st thc t, hoc theo cng thc sau:
Q = N x qo / 1000
(4)
trong :
N: dn s tnh ton (ngi).
qo: tiu chun thi nc sinh hot vo b t hoi (lt/ngi/ngy);
tn: Thi gian lu nc ti thiu trong b t hoi (ngy), c xc nh theo Bng
1.
Ghi ch:
1) i vi b t hoi x l nc thi h gia nh, dn s tnh ton ly bng
100% s ngi trong ngi nh.
2) i vi cc trng hp x l nc thi sinh hot khc, dn s tnh
ton ly bng dn s quy i.
3) i vi cc loi nc thi khc (ch bin thc phm, chn nui, git
m gia sc, gia cm, ...), gi tr N c ly theo dn s tng ng theo
cc ch tiu BOD, COD, SS, ...
Bng 1 - Thi gian lu nc ti thiu trong vng lng ca b t hoi
Lu
lng
nc thi
Q (m3/ngy)
<6
Thi gian lu nc ti thiun t

(ngy)
B t hoi x l
nc en v nc
xm
1
B t hoi x l
nc en t khu v sinh
2
0,9
1,8
0,9
1,8
0,8
1,6
10
0,7
1,4
11
0,7
1,4
12
0,6
1,2
13
0,6
1,2
>14
0,5
Thi gian lu nc ti thiu m bo hiu sut ca qu trnh tch cn, tnh n h

s khng iu ho ca lu lng nc thi chy vo b.
5.9.
Dung tch vng cha bn cn v vng ni ca b t hoi c tnh nh

sau:
Vc = Vb + Vt + Vv
(5)
trong :
Vb: dung tch phn cn ti (ang phn hu) (m3);

Vt: dung tch phn cn tch lu ( phn hu) (m3);
Vv: dung tch phn vng ni trong b t hoi (m3).
5.10. Cng thc xc nh dung tch vng phn hu cn ti (ang phn hu):
Vb = 0,5 x N x tb /1000
(6)
trong :
0,5: lng cn ti trung bnh trong vng phn hu (lt/ngi/ngy).
tb: thi gian cn thit phn hu cn (ngy); tb c xc nh theo Bng 2, ph
thuc vo nhit ca nc thi.
Bng 2 - Thi gian cn thit phn hu cn theo nhit
Nhit nc thi
(oC)
10
15
20
25
30
35
Thi gian cn thit

phn hu cn
(ngy)
104
63
47
40
33
28
5.11. Dung tch vng cha cn tch lu hay bn phn hu (nm di y b

t hoi), c tnh nh sau:
Vt = r x N x T /1000
(7)
trong :
r: lng cn tch lu trong b ca 1 ngi trong 1 nm (lt/ngi/nm);
r c ly nh sau:
- Vi b t hoi x l nc en v nc xm: r = 40 lt/ngi/nm.
- Vi b t hoi ch x l nc en t khu v sinh: r = 30 lt/ngi/nm.
T: khong thi gian gia 2 ln ht cn, thng ly bng 3 nm.
5.12. Dung tch phn vng ni ca b t hoi Vv c ly bng 0,4xVt n
0,5xVt. C th tnh s b Vv, ly chiu dy lp vng bng 0,2 m n 0,3
m.
5.13.
Cho php s dng cng thc rt gn sau y xc nh dung tch t

ti thiu ca b t hoi x l nc en v nc xm cho cc h v
nhm h gia nh:
V = (N x qo x tn + 24 + 56 x T)/1000
(8)
Dung tch t ca b t hoi x l nc en t khu v

sinh: V = (N x qo x tn + 24 + 42 x T)/1000
(9)
Ph lc B a ra kt qu tnh ton cc kch thc c bn ca b t hoi x l

nc thi sinh hot cho h v nhm h gia nh, theo s ngi phc v.

5.14. Trong trng hp b t hoi tip nhn nc thi t nh bp, nh n,

cn tng dung tch vng cha bn cn v vng ni ln thm 50 %.
5.15. Trong trng hp ngi nh c thit b nghin rc v chy vo b t hoi,
dung tch b t hoi phi cng thm 70 lt/ngi s dng.
5.16. Dung tch phn lu khng trn mt nc ca b t hoi Vk c ly bng
20% dung tch t, hoc theo cu to b, vi chiu cao phn lu khng
khng nh hn 0,2 m.
5.17. dn nc ra v vo b t hoi, dng T c ng knh khng nh hn
100 mm, u di ca T ngp di mt nc khng nh hn 400 mm v
cch lp bn cao nht 200 mm; u trn ca T cao hn mt nc
khng nh hn 150 mm thot kh. Khng dn nc trc tip vo b
qua ng
ng thot nc. Ct y ng vo cao hn y ng ra t nht 50 mm.
y ng ra phi cao hn mc nc cao nht trong cng tip nhn nc
thi sau
b t hoi v mc nc ngm cao nht. Cc ng dn nc vo, ra v gia
cc ngn phi c t so le nhau.
5.18.
i vi b t hoi mt ngn v b t hoi kch thc ln, x l

nc thi cho trn 30 ngi, phi dng cc tm chn hng dng t
sau T vo v trc T ra, chy ht chiu rng b, cch T 150 mm.
Mp di tm chn thp hn ming ng v mp trn cao hn mt
nc khng nh hn 150 mm. y ngn cha b t hoi ln phi
c dc 25% v pha ng dn nc vo (pha di ca ht).
5.19. Nc chy gia cc ngn trong b qua ca thng nc hoc ct dn nc.

Khong cch mp trn ca thng nc n mt nc khng nh hn 0,3
m. Phn tng ngn pha trn mt nc phi cha l c chiu cao khng
nh hn 50 mm v ni vi ng thng hi, ng knh khng nh hn
60mm, dn ln cao trn mi nh khng nh hn 0,7 m. i vi b t hoi
t trong cng trnh, c php s dng T dn nc thi vo b lm ng
thng hi (xem iu 5.17).
5.20. Trn mi ngn b t hoi phi khng t hn 1 l trn tm an np b
qun l (kim tra, ht cn). Chiu rng l ht cn khng nh hn
200 mm. Nn t l ht cn pha trn ng dn nc thi vo v ra
khi b. Trng hp np b t hoi t thp hn mt t, phi c
c np an. Chiu rng ti thiu ca c np an: 400 mm.
5.21.
Khi cn kh trng nc thi sau b t hoi th phi c thm mt

ngn tip xc cui b, vi kch thc m bo thi gian lu nc
khng di 30 pht.
5.22. Hiu sut x l nc thi trong b t hoi tu thuc vo loi nc

thi, loi b, gii php thit k, xy dng v ch qun l vn
hnh, bo dng b, cng nh iu kin ca mi trng. Hiu sut x
l nc thi cha lng ca b t hoi theo cn l lng SS thng t
trung bnh t 50
% n 70 %, theo nhu cu oxy sinh ho BOD5 v nhu cu oxy ho hc
COD t 25 % n 45 %.

B t hoi c ngn lc hiu kh

5.23. Ch nn p dng b t hoi c ngn lc hiu kh trong trng hp b c
b tr ngoi nh, c iu kin lm thong t nhin hoc nhn to cho
ngn lc hiu kh v m bo kh nng tip cn kim tra, ht bn,
thau ra, thay th vt liu lc.
5.24. i vi b t hoi c ngn lc hiu kh, yu cu thit k v xy dng
cc ngn pha trc ngn lc hiu kh tng t nh i vi b t hoi.
5.25. Ngn lc hiu kh c b tr cc lp vt liu lc, thng l gch v, x than,
dm, si hay cc loi gi th vi sinh bng cht do, ng knh 15 mm
n 60 mm. Chiu cao mi lp vt liu khng nh hn 200 mm. Vt liu
c b tr c ng knh gim dn dn t di ln trn. Phi c
bin php phn phi u nc trn b mt v thng hi cho lp vt
liu lc. Tm an c l vt liu lc t cch y b khng nh hn
200 mm.
5.26. Tm an trn cc ngn b phi cha l c np y ng knh khng nh
hn 200 mm kim tra, ht cn. Tm an trn ngn lc phi c ca
qun l ng knh khng nh hn 600 mm kim tra, thau ra, thay
th vt liu lc. Cc np an phi c lp kn, kht chng thm, r r
v ngn mi.
5.27.
y b di ngn lc c trt va xi mng chng thm dc v

pha ca dn nc ra. Sau b t hoi c ngn lc phi c ging thm.
Cao mc nc trong ging thm v cng dn nc phi thp hn
ct y ngn lc ca b.
5.28.
Ngn lc hiu kh trong hoc sau b t hoi c thit k vi ti

trng thu lc 0,5 m3/m2/ngy n 1,5 m3/m2/ngy, ti trng cht hu
c tnh theo nhu cu oxy sinh ho 0,2 kg BOD/m3/ngy n 0,5 kg
BOD/m3/ngy. Chiu cao lp vt liu lc ly t 0,8 m n 1,8 m.
B t hoi c ngn lc k kh
5.29. Ch nn p dng b t hoi c ngn lc k kh trong trng hp b c
b tr ngoi nh v m bo kh nng tip cn kim tra, ht bn, thau
ra, thay th vt liu lc.
5.30. i vi b t hoi c ngn lc k kh, yu cu thit k v xy dng tng
t nh b t hoi thng thng.
5.31.
Ngn lc k kh c thit k di dng ngn lc xui hay lc

ngc. C th b tr 2 hoc nhiu ngn lc k kh song song. Vt liu
lc thng l gch v, x than, dm, si hay cc loi gi th vi
sinh bng cht do,
ng knh 25 mm n 100 mm. Tm an c l vt liu lc c t
cch y b khng di 200 mm.
5.32. Tm an trn cc ngn b phi cha l c np y ng knh khng di

200 mm kim tra, ht cn. Tm an trn ngn lc phi c ca qun l
ng knh khng di 600 mm kim tra, thau ra, thay th vt liu
lc. Cc tm an phi c lp kn, kht chng thm, r r v ngn mi.

10
5.33. Ngn lc k kh trong hoc sau b t hoi c thit k vi ti trng thu

lc 0,5 m3/m2/ngy n 1,5 m3/m2/ngy, ti trng cht hu c tnh theo
nhu cu oxy sinh ho 0,2 kg BOD5/m3/ngy n 0,5 kg BOD5/m3/ngy, tu
theo loi vt liu lc v yu cu mc x l. Chiu su lp vt liu lc
thng ly bng 1,2 m n 1,8 m. Dung tch n v v din tch n v ca
ngn lc k kh, tnh theo u ngi, thng ly bng 0,15 m3/ngi
n 0,06 m3/ngi v 0,1 n 0,04 m2/ngi. Thi gian lu nc trong
ngn lc k kh thng ly khng di 6 gi.
B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln
5.34.
B t hoi ci tin c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln c

thit vi vi mt ngn cha v hai n bn ngn c dng hng ln
(xem Bng 3). Dung tch ngn cha c thit k tng t nh ngn
cha ca b t hoi thng thng. Nc c a t ngn cha sang
ngn c dng hng ln bng ng dn (gang, snh hoc cht do) c
ng knh khng nh hn
150 mm, hoc bng cc vch ngn hng dng, c ca dn nc
di. Vn tc dng chy trong vch ngn c dng hng ln khng
vt qu
0,75 m/h.
5.35. Phi l (c np y kn kht) kim tra v ht cn trn tng ngn b.

5.36. Cc thng s thit k khc ly tng t nh b t hoi thng thng.
5.37. B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln c th cho php
t hiu sut x l theo COD trung bnh t 70 % n 85 %, theo BOD5 65
%
n 80% v theo SS 70 % n 90 %.
B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc k kh
5.38.
Ch nn xem xt p dng b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng

hng ln v ngn lc k kh cho nhm t 10 h gia nh tr ln,
trong trng hp b c xy dng ngoi nh v m bo kh nng
tip cn kim tra, ht bn, thau ra, thay th vt liu lc.
5.39. B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc

k kh thng c thit vi vi mt ngn cha, hai n ba ngn c
dng hng ln v mt n hai ngn lc k kh (xem Bng 3). Dung
tch ngn cha
c thit k tng t nh ngn cha ca b t hoi thng thng.
Cc ngn c dng hng ln c thit k tng t b t hoi c
cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln (iu 5.34). Ngn lc k kh
c thit k theo cc quy nh t iu 5.29 n iu 5.33.

11
S ngi
s dng
< 20
< 50
< 150
>= 150***
*
Bng 3 - Cch b tr cc ngn ca b t hoi

c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln
S ngn
S ngn c
S ngn lc k kh
Loi b
cha
dng hng
lm vic song song
ln 2-3
1
A*
A
1
3-4
**
1
2-3
T 1 n 2
B
B
1
2 -3
2
A - B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln.
**
***
B - B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc k kh.

T 150 ngi s dng tr ln, thit k hai dy b lm vic song song.
5.40. B t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc k kh c

th cho php t hiu sut x l theo COD trung bnh t 75 % n 95 %,
theo BOD5 t 70 % n 90% v theo SS t 70 % n 95 %.
5.41. Kch thc c bn ca b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng
ln, cng nh b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v
ngn lc
k kh, c th tham kho Ph lc D.
B t hoi c li lc
5.42. B t hoi c li lc c thit k nh b t hoi thng thng, trong
li lc c lp vo trc ng ng dn nc ra ca b ngn
cn v cht ni kch thc ln hn 3 mm tri ra khi b lm nh hng
n cht lng nc v cc cng trnh x l nc thi tip theo nh
bi lc ngm,
b lc ct, vv....
5.43. Ch xem xt p dng b t hoi c li lc khi cc iu kin tip cn,
kim tra, tho lp v bo dng li lc c m bo.
5.44.
Li lc phi c thit k vo ch to bng cc vt liu chu n

mn, khng b phn hu sinh hc, khng b bin dng trong iu kin lm
vic bnh thng.
5.45. Li lc hay hp cha li lc phi c thng hi ln pha trn mt nc.

5.46. Phi chn loi li lc ph hp vi quy m cng sut phc v ca
b t hoi, sao cho yu cu bo dng, thau ra li lc khng
di mt ln/nm. Thng bo dng li lc ng thi vi lc ht
bn cn t b t hoi v theo hng dn ca nh sn xut.
B t hoi c ngn bm
5.47.
B t hoi c ngn bm c p dng trong h thng thot nc

vi b t hoi v ng ng p lc, hoc trong trng hp nc
thi sau b t hoi khng th t chy ti cc cng trnh x l nc
thi ti ch tip theo. B
t hoi c ngn bm c thit k nh b t hoi thng thng.

12
5.48. Ngn bm c th c b tr ngay trong b t hoi hoc tch ri.

Loi bm thng s dng lp t trong ngn bm l bm ly tm chm,
c
iu khin t ng hay bn t ng theo mc nc, hoc theo thi gian,
hoc theo cc phng php iu khin khc.
5.49.
Phi b tr ngn lc hay li lc pha trc bm trnh tc bm.

Trong trng hp pha sau b t hoi x l nc en c b tr
ngn bm tip nhn thm nc xm, trc khi dn vo mng
li thot nc p lc, c th lp loi bm c cnh nghin rc.
5.50. Vic thit k, lp t, vn hnh v bo dng ngn bm tun th theo cc

quy nh hin hnh v theo ch dn ca nh sn xut.
6. bin php thi cng xy dng, lp t b t hoi
6.1.
B t hoi c xy bng gch, b tng ct thp c sn hay b tng

ct thp ti ch, hoc ch to sn bng cc vt liu nh nha
composit, PE, HDPE, PVC, ....
6.2.
B t hoi phi c thit k v xy dng sao cho kn, kht, m bo

an ton v mt kt cu cng trnh, ngay c trong iu kin cha y nc
hay khng cha nc, chu tc ng ca cc cng trnh bn trn v
ln cn, cc phng tin giao thng, t v nc ngm.
6.3.
y b bng tm an BTCT cp bn B15 (tng ng M200),

dy khng nh hn 150 mm. Np b t hoi c y bng tm
an BTCT cp bn B15 (tng ng M200), dy khng nh hn
80 mm, c cha l qun l (kim tra, ht cn) (xem iu 5.20). L
ht cn c th c y bng np an BTCT hay cht do, c gn kn
bng keo, giong cao su hay bt ren vi phn v np c gn vo tm
an np b. Trng hp np b t hoi t thp hn mt t, phi c c
np an. C np an c xy bng gch, BTCT hay ch to sn bng
cht do. Phi m bo lp t kn, kht gia c np an vi np an v
vi tm an np b chng thm v ngn mi.
6.4.
i vi b t hoi xy bng gch: Phi xy tng i, chiu dy

khng nh hn 200 mm, xp gch mt hng dc li mt hng ngang,
xy bng gch c cp bn B5 (tng ng M75) v va xi mng
ct vng cp
bn B5, mch va phi no, dy u, mit k. Cc b kch thc ln
phi c bin php gia c m bo kt cu. C mt trong v mt ngoi b
c trt va xi mng ct vng cp bn B5, dy 20 mm, chia lm 2
lp: lp u dy 10 mm c kha bay, lp ngoi dy 10 mm, trt va phi
mit k, ngoi cng nh mu xi mng nguyn cht chng thm (ton b
chiu cao b v mt trong y b). Ti cc gc b (gia thnh vi thnh
b v gia thnh vi y b) phi trt ngut gc. t cc tm li thp 10
x 10 mm chng nt v chng thm vo trong lp va trong khi trt
mt trong tng b, mt phn li nm trn y b t nht l 20 cm. Nu
mc nc ngm cao, phi chn thm mt lp t st dy hn 100
mm xung quanh b. y b phi c lm bng BTCT, lin khi
vi dm bao quanh chu vi b chn tng, chiu cao khng nh
hn 100 mm chng thm.

13
6.5.
Chi tit ng qua tng phi c hn sn tm chn nc v chn k bng

b tng si nh cp bn B15 (tng ng M200), hoc bng giong
cao su chu nc. Cc phn kim loi (nu c) phi c sn chng
g 2 lp sau khi lp t.
6.6.
Ti nhng khu vc c mc nc ngm cao, phi c bin php ht

nc hay h thp mc nc ngm khi thi cng v kim tra b r r.
Sau khi hon tt vic thi cng, phi cho nc vo y b trnh hin
tng y ni do nc ngm lm di chuyn, nt, v b.
6.7.
C th sn xut b t hoi BTCT c sn ton khi. Ti cc v tr np b

v ng qua tng dn nc thi vo v ra khi b, phi c giong kn lm
bng cao su chu nc hoc cht do.
6.8.
Kim tra kn, kht ca b t hoi:
6.8.1. Sau khi trt lng xi mng mt tun, bt kn np b v cc ng ng

dn nc vo v ra, cho nc vo b t t, ti 1/3 b, nh du
mc nc, ngm mt tun, theo di, pht hin v x l cc ch r r.
Sau tip tc cho nc vo y b, ngm 24 gi, tho cn nc
trong b ri li cho nc vo y b, nh du mc nc. Yu cu:
mc nc trong b khng
i trong vng 1 gi, hoc khng thay i qu 2% trong vng 24 gi.
6.8.2. C th kim tra kn kht ca b t hoi bng phng php th chn
khng: B c bt kn v ht kh ra ti chn khng 50 mmHg.
Yu cu: 90% chn khng c gi trong vng 2 pht.
7. qun l vn hnh bo dng b t hoi
7.1.
Khng c x vo b t hoi cc loi cht thi nh: nc ma,

nc chy trn b mt, nc x ra b bi, nc lm mm, nc
x t phng tm hi/sauna c lu lng ln hn 25% dung tch b
t hoi, bng v sinh, cc loi vi, nha, cao su, cht thi dch v,
du m, cc cht d chy, n (k c dng rn, lng hay kh), cht
kh trng, kh mi, cht khng sinh, ho cht dit c v thuc tr
su,.. , tr khi cht c nu
r l c th x vo b t hoi, hay bt k cht no khc c th lm nh
hng n hiu qu lm vic ca b t hoi.
7.2.
Thi gian khi ng v to lp bn trong b t hoi v b t hoi c

vch ngn mng dng hng ln t hiu sut x l n nh
thng khng di 3 thng. C th rt ngn thi gian khi ng bng
cch a vo b mt lng bn bng 5 % n 20 % dung tch tnh ton
ca phn bn cn, ly t cc b t hoi ang hot ng.
7.3.
K c b t hoi xy dng trong hay ngoi nh, u phi np tip cn

kim tra v ht bn pha trn mi ngn b. Np b phi kn, kht
ngn nga nhim.
7.4.
Ti thiu su thng mt ln phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca b:
kim tra cc ng ng, tng v vch ngn, np b, li lc (nu c), kim
tra mc nc, chiu dy lp vng cn v lp bn trong cc ngn b,
s xut hin cc vt nt, r r, st ln, vv... Vic kim tra cng phi
c thc hin ngay trc v sau khi ht bn b t hoi. C th kim
tra chiu dy

14
lp vng v lp bn bng thc g c nh du, ng ly mu bn

bng nha trong, thc g qun mnh vi trng, hoc bng cc thit b o
vi
u in cc, dng sng siu m, vv...
7.5.
Cc loi b t hoi u phi thc hin vic ht bn. Thi gian ht bn

ph thuc vo kch thc b, s ngi thc t s dng b, thnh phn tnh
cht nc thi, nhit mi trng. Phi tin hnh ht bn khi chiu
su lp bn y b ln hn 400 mm (chim 1/3 chiu su lp
nc trong b t hoi), hoc khi lp vng ni dy hn 200 mm.
7.6.
Chu k ht bn b t hoi trong cc h gia nh thng ly bng 3 nm.

C th tham kho Ph lc E xc nh chu k ht bn b t hoi theo
dung tch b v s ngi s dng. gim chi ph xy dng b t hoi
i vi cc i tng thi nc ln hn nh nh hng, bp n, ..., c th
gim chu k ht bn cn khi tnh ton dung tch b (tham kho Ph lc
D).
7.7.
Khi ht bn b t hoi, phi li mt phn bn c (ti 20 %) duy tr

mt lng vi sinh vt k kh trong b.
7.8.
Trnh ht bn b t hoi vo thi gian mc nc ngm cao hn y

b trnh p lc y ni c th lm v, nt b v cc cng
trnh ln cn. Trong trng hp cn thit phi ht, th ch ht lp
bn y v lp vng ni, khng ht ht nc ra khi b.
7.9.
Vic ht bn b t hoi phi c thc hin bi cc c quan c

cp php. Bn b t hoi phi c vn chuyn, lu gi v x l ng
quy
nh.

15
ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Ti lng cc cht bn trong nc thi sinh hot
Ch tiu
n v
Gi tr
Cht l lng SS
g/ngi/ngy
T 60 n 65
SS trong phn v nc tiu
g/ngi/ngy
T 20 n 25
Nhu cu oxy sinh ho BOD5
g/ngi/ngy
T 30 n 35
ca nc thi cha lng
Lng nc en t khu v
sinh:- H x di nc
lt/ngi/ngy
T 5 n 15
- X bt, bn tit kim nc
lt/ngi/ngy
T 15 n 30
- X bt, loi bn thng
lt/ngi/ngy
T 30 n 60
Lng nc en t nh bp:
lt/ngi/ngy
T 5 n 35
Phn ngi:
- Khi lng (t)
kg/ngi/ngy
T 0,1 n 0,4
- Khi lng (kh)
g/ngi/ngy
T 30 n 60
- m
%
T 70 n 85
- Thnh phn:
- Cht hu c
% trng lng kh
T 88 n 97
- BOD5
g/ngi/ngy
T 15 n 18
- Nit (N)
% trng lng kh T 5,0 n 7,0
- Phtpho (P2O5)
- Kali (K2O)
- Ccbon (C)
% trng lng kh
T 44 n 55
- Canxi(CaO)
% trng lng kh
4,5
- T l C:N
T 6 n 10
Nc tiu:
- Khi lng (t)
kg/ngi/ngy
T 1,0 n 1,31
- Khi lng (kh)
g/ngi/ngy
T 50 n 70
- m
%
T 93 n 96
- Thnh phn:
- Cht hu c
% trng lng kh
T 65 n 85
- BOD5
g/ngi/ngy
10
- Nit (N)
% trng lng kh
T 15 n 19
- Phtpho (P2O5)
- Kali (K2O)
- Ccbon (C)
% trng lng kh
T 11 n 17
- Canxi(CaO)
- T l C:N
1
16
ph lc B
(Tham kho)
Xc nh kch thc ca b t hoi theo s ngi s dng
Bng B1 - Kch thc ca b t hoi x l nc en v nc
xm theo s ngi s dng*
Chiu
Chiu
Chiu
S ngi
Chiu
Dung
cao
di
di
Dung
s dng
rng b
tch
lp
ngn
ngn
tch
N,
B
t
n
th nht
th hai
n v
ngi
m
V
c H
L1
L2
m3/ngi
m3
5
1,2
0,8
2,1
1,0
3,0
0,60
10
1,2
0,8
2,6
1,0
3,4
0,34
15
1,2
1,2
2,6
1,0
5,1
0,34
20
1,4
1,2
3,1
1,0
6,8
0,34
25
1,4
1,4
3,4
1,0
8,6
0,34
30
1,4
1,4
4,2
1,0
10,3
0,34
35
1,4
1,8
3,8
1,0
12,0
0,34
40
1,6
1,8
3,8
1,0
13,7
0,34
45
1,6
1,8
4,2
1,0
15,1
0,33
50
1,6
1,8
4,5
1,4
17,1
0,34
75
1,8
2,0
4,7
1,4
22,0
0,29
100
2,0
2,0
5,5
1,6
28,2
0,28
125
2,0
2,0
7,2
1,6
35,3
0,28
**
150
1,8
2 x 2,0
4,5
1,4
42,5
0,28
200
2,0
2 x 2,0
5,1
1,6
53,6
0,27
250
2,0
2 x 2,0
6,7
1,6
66,4
0,27
300
2,5
2 x 2,0
6,0
2,0
80,0
0,27
*
Kch thc b t hoi nu trong bng l kch thc thng thu ti thiu, c
tnh vi tiu chun thi nc sinh hot 150 lt/ngi/ngy, nhit trung bnh ca
nc thi
l 20oC, chu k ht cn 3 nm/ln.
**
T 150 ngi tr ln, b c xy dng thnh 2 n nguyn lm vic song song.
17
Bng B2 - Kch thc ca b t hoi x l nc en t khu v sinh

theo s ngi s dng*
Chiu
Chiu
Chiu
S ngi
Chiu
Dung
Dung
cao
di
di
s dng
rng b
tch
lp
ngn
ngn
tch
N,
B
t
n
th nht
th hai
n v
ngi
m
V
3
c H
L1
L2
m
/ngi
m3
5
1,2
0,7
1,2
0,6
1,5
0,30
10
1,2
1,0
1,6
0,7
2,8
0,28
15
1,2
1,0
2,7
0,7
4,1
0,27
20
1,4
1,0
2,9
1,0
5,4
0,27
25
1,4
1,4
2,4
1,0
6,8
0,27
30
1,4
1,4
3,1
1,0
8,1
0,27
35
1,4
1,4
3,8
1,0
9,5
0,27
40
1,6
1,4
3,4
1,4
10,8
0,27
45
1,6
1,4
4,0
1,4
12,2
0,27
50
1,6
1,8
3,3
1,4
13,5
0,27
75
1,8
2,0
3,7
1,4
18,5
0,25
100
2,0
2,0
4,4
1,6
24,0
0,24
125
2,0
2,0
5,9
1,6
30,0
0,24
150**
1,8
2 x 2,0
3,7
1,4
36,7
0,24
200
2,0
2 x 2,0
4,1
1,6
45,6
0,23
250
2,0
2 x 2,0
5,2
1,6
54,4
0,22
300
2,5
2 x 2,0
4,3
2,0
63,0
0,21
*
tnh vi lng nc en t khu v sinh chy vo b t hoi 60 lt/ngi/ngy,
o
nhit trung bnh ca nc thi l 20 C, chu k ht cn 3 nm/ln.
**
Hnh B1 - S tnh ton kch thc b t hoi

18
ph lc C
(Tham kho)
Xc nh kch thc ca b t hoi
c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln theo s ngi s dng
Bng C1 - Kch thc ca b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng
ln, x l nc en v nc xm, theo s ngi s dng(1)
S
ngi
s
dng
N
ngi
Chiu
cao
lp
n
c H
m
Chiu
rng
b B
m
5(2)
10
15
20(3)
25
30
35
40
45
50(4)
75
100
125
150(5)
200
250
300
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,0
1,8
2,0
2,0
2,5
0,8
0,8
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
2,0
2,0
2,0
2x2,0
2x2,0
2x2,0
2x2,0
Chiu
di
ng
n
th
nht
1
L
m
1,9
2,4
2,4
2,3
2,6
3,4
3,0
3,0
3,4
3,3
3,5
4,5
6,0
3,1
3,9
4,7
4,4
Chiu
di
ngn
th hai
L2
m
Chiu
di
ngn
th ba
L3
m
Chiu
di
ngn
th t
L4
m
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,9
0,9
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,9
0,9
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,9
0,9
Chiu
di
ng
n
th
nm
5
L
m
-
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,9
0,9
Dung
tch
t
V
m3
3,0
3,5
5,2
6,9
8,6
10,2
12,1
13,8
15,0
17,0
22,0
28,4
35,2
42,5
53,6
66,4
80,0
(1)
tnh vi tiu chun thi nc sinh hot 150 lt/ngi/ngy, nhit trung bnh ca
nc thi
l 20oC, chu k ht cn 3 nm/ln.
(2)
Vi N < 20 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha v 2 ngn mng dng hng ln.
(3)
Vi 20 <= N < 50 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha v 3 ngn mng dng hng ln..
(4)
Vi N > 50 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha, 2 ngn mng dng hng ln v 2 ngn

lc
k kh lm vic song song.
19
Hnh C1 - S tnh ton kch thc ca b t hoi

c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln
Hnh C2 - S tnh ton kch thc ca b t hoi

c cc vch ngn mng dng hng ln v ngn lc k kh

20
Bng C2 - Kch thc ca b t hoi c cc vch ngn mng dng hng

ln, x l nc en t khu v sinh, theo s ngi s dng(1)
S
ngi
s
dng
N
ngi
Chiu
cao
lp
n
c H
m
Chiu
rng
b B
m
10(2)
15
20(3)
25
30
35
40
45
50(4)
75
100
125
150(5)
200
250
300
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.0
2.0
2x1.8
2x2.0
2x2.0
2x2.0
Chiu
di
ng
n
th
nht
1
L
m
1.1
2.2
2.1
1.6
2.3
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.4
4.9
3.1
3.1
4.2
4.7
Chiu
di
ngn
th hai
L2
m
Chiu
di
ngn
th ba
L3
m
Chiu
di
ngn
th t
L4
m
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
Chiu
di
ng
n
th
nm
5
L
m
-
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
Dung
tch
t
V
m3
2.8
4.1
5.4
6.8
8.1
9.5
10.8
12.2
13.5
18.5
24.0
30.0
36.9
45.6
54.0
63.0
(1)
tnh vi lng nc en t khu v sinh trung bnh chy vo b t hoi l 60
lt/ngi/ngy, nhit trung bnh ca nc thi l 20oC, chu k ht cn 3 nm/ln.
(2)
Vi 10 =< N < 20 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha v 2 ngn mng dng hng ln.
(3)
Vi 20 <= N < 50 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha v 3 ngn mng dng hng ln..
(4)
Vi N > 50 ngi, b gm 1 ngn cha, 2 ngn mng dng hng ln v 2 ngn

lc
k kh lm vic song song.
(5)
21
Ph lc D
Xc nh chu k ht bn theo kch thc b t
hoi v s ngi s dng thc t
(Tham kho)
Bng D1. Chu k ht bn b t hoi theo dung tch b
Dung tch b t hoi
m3
<5
Chu k ht bn ti thiu
n
m
3
T 5 n 10
> 10
25
V6
V1 = 3 m3
V5
Thi gian h t bn,

nm
V2 = 4.5 m3
V4
20
V3 = 6 m3
V3
V4 = 7.5 m3
V5 = 9 m3
15
V2
10
V6 = 12 m3
V1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
S ngi s
dng
ch dn:
T V1 n V6: Dung tch t ca b t hoi (m3).
ch thch: Biu minh ho s ph thuc ca thi gian gia hai ln ht

bn hay chu k ht bn b t hoi x l hn hp c nc en v
nc xm, theo dung tch t ca b v s ngi s dng b, c tnh
vi tiu chun thi nc sinh hot 150 lt/ngi/ngy, nhit trung bnh
ca nc thi l 20oC .
Hnh D1 - Biu xc nh chu k ht bn theo kch thc

b t hoi (x l c nc en v nc xm) v s ngi s dng

22
25
V5
Thi gian ht bn,

nm
V0 = 1.5 m3
V1 = 3 m3
V4
20
15
V6
V2 = 4.5 m3
V3
V3 = 6 m3
V2
V4 = 7.5 m3
V5 = 9 m3
V1
V6 = 12 m3
10
V0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
S ngi s
dng
ch dn:
3
T V0 n V6: Dung tch t ca b t hoi (m ).
ch thch: Biu minh ho s ph thuc ca thi gian gia hai ln ht
bn hay chu k ht bn b t hoi x l nc en t khu v sinh, theo

dung tch t ca b v s ngi s dng b, c tnh vi lng nc
en chy vo
b t hoi 60 lt/ngi/ngy, nhit trung bnh ca nc thi l 20oC .
Hnh D2 - Biu xc nh chu k ht bn theo kch thc

b t hoi (x l nc en t khu v sinh) v s ngi s dng

23
Ph lc E
Bn v thit k mu mt s loi b t hoi
(x l nc en v nc xm)
24

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b xy dng

b t hoi hng dn thit

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

B Xy dng - Hi Mi trng Xy dng Vit Nam:

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B t hoi hng dn thit k, thi cng xy dng,

Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam. B Xy dng 1997.

Quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh. B Xy dng

Thot nc. Thut ng v nh ngha: TCVN 4038 85.

Thot nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k: TCVN 4474 87.

Thot nc Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu chun thit

Cn h Tiu chun thit k: TCVN 4450 1987.

Nh Nguyn tc c bn thit k: TCVN 4451 1987.

S tay Cc Bo v mi trng Lin bang M: EPA/625/R-00/008: Office of

Tiu chun thit k b t hoi ca c: South Australian Health

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

B Xy dng - Hi Mi trng Xy dng Vit Nam:

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

thng thot nc bn ngoi cng trnh hay c x l tip tc trong cc

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

B Xy dng - Hi Mi trng Xy dng Vit Nam:

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

B t hoi c th c b tr di nn nh, di khu v sinh hay

5. yu cu thit k cc loi b t hoi

B t hoi cn c thit k chi tit vi y thng tin v tnh ton kt

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

lc v cc ni dung khc theo yu cu ca c quan qun l c thm quyn

B t hoi thng c hnh ch nht, vung hay trn trn mt bng, c

Dung tch t ti thiu ca b t hoi x l nc en v nc xm

Kch thc nh nht ca b t hoi quy nh nh sau: Chiu su lp

Dung tch b t hoi c xc nh ph thuc vo cu to b, thnh

Dung tch t ca b t hoi c tnh nh sau:

Dung tch vng lng ca b t hoi c tnh nh sau:

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

Thi gian lu nc ti thiun t

Thi gian lu nc ti thiu m bo hiu sut ca qu trnh tch cn, tnh n h

Dung tch vng cha bn cn v vng ni ca b t hoi c tnh nh

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

Ti liu do http://nuoc.com.vn gi bn quyn. Vui lng khng sa i thng tin km theo!

Vb: dung tch phn cn ti (ang phn hu) (m3);

Thi gian cn thit

5.11. Dung tch vng cha cn tch lu hay bn phn hu (nm di y b

Cho php s dng cng thc rt gn sau y xc nh dung tch t

Dung tch t ca b t hoi x l nc en t khu v

Ph lc B a ra kt qu tnh ton cc kch thc c bn ca b t hoi x l

B Xy dng - Hi Mi trng Xy dng Vit Nam:

5.14. Trong trng hp b t hoi tip nhn nc thi t nh bp, nh n,

i vi b t hoi mt ngn v b t hoi kch thc ln, x l

5.19. Nc chy gia cc ngn trong b qua ca thng nc hoc ct dn nc.

Khi cn kh trng nc thi sau b t hoi th phi c thm mt

5.22. Hiu sut x l nc thi trong b t hoi tu thuc vo loi nc

B Xy dng - Hi Mi trng Xy dng Vit Nam:

B t hoi c ngn lc hiu kh

y b di ngn lc c trt va xi mng chng thm dc v

Ngn lc hiu kh trong hoc sau b t hoi c thit k vi ti

Ngn lc k kh c thit k di dng ngn lc xui hay lc

5.32. Tm an trn cc ngn b phi cha l c np y ng knh khng di