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Arithmetic Fundamentals
I. "3x" means 3 multiplied with 'x' (or) 'x' added three times.
II. x3 means 'x' multiplied itself 3 times.

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III Addition
'+' + '+' = +

' = (or) +
'+' + '

IV. Multiplication

+ + = '+'

= '+'

'
+ = '

'
= '

V. Division
+
=+
+

+
=

=
+

VI. 126 = 18
7

VII. 86 = 17 1
5
5

VIII. 78 = 10 8
7
7

IX. 0.2 = 0.2 100 = 5

0.12 0.2 100 3

X. 2.4 = 2.4 10 = 24 = 2
1.2 1.2 10 12

XI. 0.25 = 25 = 5
0.45 45 9

XII.

1
1 10
10
=
=
=2
0.5 0.5 10
5

XIII. 0.33 100 = 33(In multiplication decimal point moves right side as many zeros as in
the number)

Ex: i) 1.3 1000 =

1300.

ii) 0.532 10000 =

5320.

XIV. 0.3 = 0.3 100 = 30

0.42 0.42 100 42

XV. 3.2 = 0.0032

1000

(During division decimal point moves left as many zeros as in the denominator)

Ex :i) 1.232 = 0.01232

100

ii)

0.5
= 0.0005
1000

iii)

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4
= 0.004
1000

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XVI. 0.23 0.2 = 0.046

(first multiply 2 23 = 46 and pot decimal point 3 digits towards left)
= 0.046
XVII. 2 + 3 + 1
3 4 6

first calculate L.C.M of 3, 4,& 6

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L.C.M = 2 3 1 2 1 = 12
24 33 12
+ +
3 4 6

2 4 + 3 3 + 1 2 8 + 9 + 2 19
=
=
12
12
12

1
1
XVIII. 1 + 2 = ?
2
3

(1 + 2 ) + ( 12 + 13 )

3+

3+ 2
5
5
= 3+ = 3
6
6
6

XIX. 3x 8 = 13 then find 'x' ?

sol:

3x 8 = 13

3x = 13 + 8

3x = 21

21
=7
3
x=7
x=

XX. 2x + 8 =14, then a = ?

sol: 2x + 8 = 14
x=

2x = 14-8

2x = 6

6
=3
2

Rule: i) During addition (or) substraction the sign changes if it moves from left side to other
side of " = "

Ex: i) -5 + x = + 1

x=1+5

x=6

ii) -5 + x = + 1

-5 + x - 1= 0

-6 + x = 0

x=+6

iii. Multiplication of one side changes to division in other side of " = "
Ex: i. 5x = 1
1
x= = 3
5

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ii. 2x + 5 = 8

2x = 8 - 5

2x = 3

x = 3/2

XXI. 5x + 8 = 3x + 10 then x = ?
sol : 5x - 3x = 10 - 8
2
=1
2

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2x = 2 x =

XXII. 7x - 6 = 9x - 18, then x =?

sol : - 6 +18 = 9x -7x
12 = 2x

2 x=12

x=

12
=6
2

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