CONTROLS AND

INSTRUMENTATION

CONTROLS AND
INSTRUMENTATION
Control & Instrumentation deals with
various measurement, indication,
transmission and control in different
technical fields.
Instrumentation is for measurement of
various parameters.
And controlling various parameters
from a remote control room.

Instruments
Instruments for measuring various
physical quantities like
Temperature
Pressure
Level
Flow

Temperature
Thermocouples
It is based on seeback effect which says
that when heat is applied to a junction of two dissimilar
metals an emf is generated which can be measured at
the other junction.

RTD
The resistance of a conductor changes
when its temperature is changed , this property is
utilised to measure the temperature.

Temperature
FACTORS

RTD

T/C

ACCURACY

MORE ACCURATE

LESS ACCURATE

RANGE

NAROWER
-200 TO 650

WIDER
-200 TO 2000

COST

MORE EXP

LESS EXPENSIVE

SENSITIVITY

STEM SENSITIVE

TIP SENSITIVE

SPD OF
RESPONSE

SLOWER

FASTER

Capacitive Pressure Sensors

Typically use a thin
diaphragm as one plate of
a capacitor. Applied
pressure causes the
diaphragm to deflect and
the capacitance to
change.
The change in
capacitance may be used
to control the frequency
of an oscillator or to vary
the coupling of an AC
signal through a network.

Flow
Secondary air Flow
Primary air Flow
Steam flow

Level
Drum Level
Lub oil level

Control System
Controller
I/O Cards
Field Devices
Open Loop Control
Close Loop Control

Control System
Open Loop Control
Mill Protections and permissives
Boiler Protections
Close Loop Control
Mill O/L Temperature Control
Mill Air Flow Control
Secondary air flow Control
Furnace Pressure Control
PA Header Pressure Control
Drum Level Control