APUSH Chap.

7+8 Review Sheet

Joe Springer Hr. 2

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Two ideas of American Revolution:

1. Republicanism- Idea that centered on good of people rather then indv. Person
2. Threat of Liberty posed by British Monarchy

Mercantilism
 Idea that wealth was the power and a country’s economic wealth could be
measured.
 British passed Navigation Acts aimed at Rival Dutch shippers that were trying
to trade with the colonies
 Colonies also attempted making paper currency and smuggling various
goods.

Stamp Act – Sugar Act

 Started to pay off expenses that were spent on protecting the colonies
 George Greenville put them into play in 1763, Americans erupted in uproar
 Americans pleaded that Parliament was conducting Taxation w/out
Representation

Words to Own
 Virtual Representation- The belief that British Parliament represented every
member of British colonies
 No Taxation w/o representation- Britain was taxing colonies unfairly because
the colonies did not have a representative or voice in parliament’s choices.
 Difference Between Legislation and Taxation – The government could impose
taxes on either the entire district or not at all. They couldn’t tax a specific
group.

Actions taken to Repeal Stamp Act

 Colonists created Sons and Daughters of Liberty to protest Britain taxation
 Colonists filed grievances against the court, although they had very little
impact
 Formed Stamp Act Congress; a group of representatives from each colony to
appeal
Events to Own
 Quebec Act-Placed in 1774, this allowed French Canadians to keep their
custom laws in place before they went loyal to the British crown
 Townshend Act – Champaign Charlie convinced Parliament to pass this in
1767, it imposed a import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. Its
purpose was to make clear the internal and external taxes.
 Committees of Correspondence –First one was formed in Boston in 1772,
Chief function was to spread the thought of rebellion by unifying and keeping
resistance against the British strong.
 Boston Tea Party – British East Indian Trading Company lowered tea prices
due to a surplus. Americans reacted negatively towards this thinking it was
another one of British tax tricks. In protested, they dumped tea in Boston
harbor.
 Crispus Attucks – One of the first to die in the Boston Massacre. A powerfully
built African-American runaway who led the mob.
 Thomas Hutchinson – Royal Governor of Massachusetts. Proved to colonists
that they were still divided.
 Intolerable Acts – In response to the Boston Tea Party, parliament passed the
Intolerable acts. In America it was referred to as “The massacre of American
Liberty”. The Boston port act closed the tea stained harbor until damages
were paid.
 Lord North – His government caved in and released the appeasement of the
Townshend act, ceasing the revenue duties. The tax on tea however
remained alive.
 Boston Massacre – March 5th 1770, crowd of 60 set out upon ted redcoats,
troops fired in defense and injured/killed 11.

Timeline
Townshend Act B- Massacre  Committees of Correspondence  B-Tea Party 
Intolerable Acts  Quebec Act

Continental Congress
 Effect of Intolerable act
 Assembled in 1774
 12 of 13 Colonies sent reps, Georgia was still loyalists
 Most significant action was creation of The Association, a complete boycott
on British goods

Lexington Massacre
 Britain and America Clashed, Brit troops tried to seize colonial substances yet
rebels refused
 Start of Revolution
British and American Troop Comparison
Britain
+ Highly Organized
+ Well trained and Supplied
+ Large number of troops (Outnumber Americans)
--- 3,000 Miles away
--- Playing Offense

(Go to next page)


Colonies
+ Had Strong Leadership
+ Fighting Defense
+ Many Colonies self sustaining
+ High Enthusiasm
+ No Major Capita
--- Low in supplies
---Poorly Trained Soldiers
--- Badly Organized (States sought indv. Power)

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Characteristics of George Washington

 Strong leadership and Strength
 Patience, courage, self discipline
 Great moral force, prepared to go down with the ship
 Insisted on serving without pay
 Passionate Patriot

Reasons Founding Father’s selected Him

 Willing to serve without pay
 Wanted a commander from Virginia to gain political trust
 Could not be accused of being a fortune seeker as he was already wealthy

Important Events
 May 1775 Ticonderoga – Ethan Allen led surprise ambush on British garrisons,
thus securing a priceless supply of gunpowder and artillery
 Henry Knox – Organized the ‘Cannon run’ bring cannons from a captured
British base (Ticonderoga). He brought the cannons over 300 miles to Boston
shorelines driving the British away.
  June 1775 Bunker Hill – Held the British until gunpowder ceased to exist. It
was a failure, yet deemed a victory as it proved the Americans could hold the
advancing British
 July 1775 Olive Branch Petition – A petition adapted by the continental
congress which was a modest peace treaty suggesting American loyalty to
the crown and prevention of hostility
 August 1775 King George III’s Actions – King had low moral support from
British troops and he hired German Mercenaries also known as Hessians.
They did not show mercy and brutally slaughtered survivors. Some left the
army and received land in America. This upset colonies
 Fall/Winter 1775 Colonial attack in Canada – Thinking they could add a 14th
colony, Americans went into offense and invaded Canada. British troops beat
them there though and fought them off eradicating the colonists from Canada
 March 1776 Boston – American courage held strong and fought off British
troops until they were forced to evacuate the city. Known as “Evacuation
Day” in Boston

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

 Paine’s pamphlet soon became a best seller selling over 120,000 in just a few
days
 Electrified colonists into fighting more
 Directly insulted the King
 How could tiny island England rule the great colonies?

Words to Own
 Republicanism – A radical new form of government. It was tried before in
colonial times yet failed due to fear it would turn into Democracy. Idea of
congress and representatives being elected by popular vote
 Citizen Virtue – Fundamental in any successful republican government. The
sacrifice of citizens goods to propel government
 Natural Aristocracy – Republicans who believed in this favored a republic
elected by talent
 Richard Henry Lee – Wrote the formal declaration that in truth cut the British
tie. The motion was adapted July 2nd
 Ben Franklin and John Adams – Both advised and edited Declaration of
Independence

Loyalists
 16% of colonists were loyalists, families were torn apart by the matter
 Mostly wealthy or recent immigrants to colonies
 Most loyalists stayed in America and referred to Patriots as brutes
 Patriots gave some loyalists cruel punishments
Loyalist Exodus
 Loyalists barely left North America, causing Patriots to give them cruel
punishments
 Tarred and feathered loyalists in order to humiliate them
 Some loyalists became spies, some even became soldiers

Battle of Long Island

 G.Washington wanted to fight a British battle and was convinced he could
win Long Island
 He failed miserably, British troops let him sleep overnight and waited to
defeat until morning
 Washington carefully snuck out his entire army via boat in the moon light
 British woke up to an empty American camp, Washington had escaped
 Washington went on to receive two desperately needed wins at Princeton
and Trenton