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Smay Pressure Differential Systems Guidebook v514-EN PDF
Smay Pressure Differential Systems Guidebook v514-EN PDF
Awards
THE AUTHORS:
Karol Filas
PUBLISHER:
GUIDEBOOK
Table of contents
Pressure Differential Systems (PDS) by SMAY introduced innovations
1.
Issues connected with design and operation of the Pressure Differential Systems
2.
11
3.
15
3.1.
15
3.2.
18
3.3.
19
3.4.
24
4.
4.1.
24
26
4.2.
30
4.3.
31
5.
35
6.
39
6.1.
39
6.2.
42
7.
CFD simulations
43
8.
45
9.
47
10.
49
59
67
81
99
117
iSWAY-FCD
iSWAY-FCR
The most significant advantage of SAFETY WAY active controlled system is that all given requirements are
literally met regardless of the building height and location.
Since November 2008 until October 2010 SAFETY WAY system proper operation has been continuously
controlled and updated. On the one hand projected CFD simulations were carried out at SMAY Research and CFD
Simulations Department. At the same time there were introduced unique on the national scale testing ground
real scale experiments in the high-rise building staircase (23 floors, 90 m high). Developed numerical models
have been verified and validated against real scale measurement data and used to extend the range of analysis
later on.
Issues connected with design and operation of the Pressure Differential Systems
Modern building constructions shall comply with strict requirements regarding safety level in case of fire.
Key issue is to ensure safe evacuation of all people from the building on the basis of evacuation scenario. Since
the most significant threat during evacuation is the risk of toxic fumes inhalation and sustaining burns key issue
is to control temperature and keep all escape routes free of smoke. It is possible assuming that fire ventilation
installations are properly designed and balanced.
The most common installations applied in multi-storey high-rise buildings are pressure differential systems.
Major aims of this solutions regardless of the technical details are to depending on the actual criterion:
generate and control fixed value of pressure difference between selected spaces in order to control smoke
movement inside the building e.g. staircase in reference to the fire floor;
generate directed and controlled airflow through open evacuation door between protected space
and the corridor or open-space.
Overpressure in protected spaces is generated by supplying airflow rate corresponding to the total air leakage
rate of given space. Depending on the protected space type and cubature air can be supplied in different manner:
multiple injection air is supplied to the staircase through the ductwork and multiple inlets located along
the staircase. According EN 12101-6 air inlets shall be located at least every third floor;
concentrated air supply usually with single air inlet located at the bottom or at the top of the staircase.
NOTE: Location and number of air inlet points don't influence significantly static pressure distribution during
pressure criterion within the range of air velocities typical for pressure differential systems.
In order to provide proper operation of pressure differential system it is indispensible to control pressure
difference precisely which is necessary to maintain nominal pressure gradient. According to EN 12101-6
European Standard nominal value of pressure difference depends on the type of the escape route and ranges
between 5 and 50 Pa.
Naturally design process of pressure differential systems becomes more complex as regards of high-rise
buildings. Following phenomena can significantly influence proper pressure differential system operation:
stack effect triggered by proportional to the temperature air density difference between internal air and the
ambient. This phenomenon results in vertical upward or downward movement of air inside the staircase
or elevator shafts. Due to the stack effect stabilizing pressure distribution in pressurized space may
be significantly hindered and application of active controlled pressure differential systems may be necessary
especially as regards of high-rise buildings.
airflow resistance both pressurized staircase and elevator shafts may be considered as a large size ducts.
Regardless of actual ambient parameters during pressurization pressure gradient occurs proportional to the
air supply rate, staircase geometry and building total height. According to the experimental data standard
pressure loss ranges within 2 5 Pa per floor.
wind forces - pressure distribution at the building facade resulting from wind pressure and suction.
NOTE: Properly designed pressure differential system shall be capable to overcome negative influence
of phenomena listed above.
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Issues connected with design and operation of the Pressure Differential Systems
Due to the problems listed above high-rise buildings pressurization design becomes more complex an often
requires additional analysis which may be performed with a use of analytical calculations, zone-models or CFD
simulations that confirms effectiveness of selected solution.
Mentioned problems and market analysis performed by SMAY company were main reasons for developing
innovative active controlled pressure differential system SAFETY WAY which is intended for high-rise and
industrial buildings application. Overall idea of system operation as well as its structure is simple and based
on generation of fully controlled and directed airflow inside pressurized space. Intensity of an airflow
is proportional to the actual value of pressure gradient resulting from stack effect. Key components of the system
are reversible axial flow fans controlled with frequency inverters and a set of pressure controllers equipped with
Belimo fast-acting actuators. System operation is fully automatic additional advantage is that in many cases
system can be assembled as a ductless solution.
Basing on CFD simulations results SMAY company HVAC engineers can select fans as well as suggest locations
of air inlet and outlet points taking into consideration building characteristics and additional requirements.
After initial coarse control carried out with frequency inverter a fine control of set pressure difference is carried
out by means of multiblade dampers equipped with fast actuators operating as pressure controllers. The most
important component of the automation system is URBS (Belimo Smay Control Device) controlling all other
devices. URBS is described in details in next chapters. Innovation of SAFET WAY system is also with application
of electronic devices of top quality. That enabled development of reliable active controlled pressure differential
system following-up ambient parameters and evacuation scenarios changes. Additional default component
of fully functional SAFETY WAY system is Control Module (MS) which sets airflow direction inside the staircase
basing on measured value of temperature difference.
Proper balance of stack effect and airflow resistance pressure gradient taking into account staircase total
leakage rate at given overpressure it is possible to obtain stable pressure distribution inside protected staircase.
Correctly designed and calibrated SAFETY WAY system fulfills literally EN 12101-6 Standard requirements
during both pressure and airflow criterion:
pressure stabilization in a range +/- 10% of nominal value;
directed airflow with minimal velocity in a range 0.75 2.00 m/s;
maximal force required to open evacuation door i.e. 100 N.
Furthermore applied devices ensures that system can change volumetric airflow rate and reduce pressure jump
resulting from opening or closing evacuation doors within normative 3 seconds.
After opening the door and in result of corresponding pressure drop inside the staircase air exhaust rate
is reduced to zero and all air supplied flows to the fire floor corridor. In case of high-rise buildings due to a large
total air leakage rate it may be necessary to apply additional fans located at technical floors in order to increase
total air supply rate.
After closing the door system automatically switches to pressure criterion involving both air supply and air
exhaust fans.
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Issues connected with design and operation of the Pressure Differential Systems
For buildings with total height up to 30 m (55 m or 65 m depending on the standard EN 12101-6, ITB 378/2002,
NFPA92A) where both stack effect and airflow resistance influence is less significant SMAY company has
developed compact pressurization units of iSWAY-FC series. Owing to quite small dimensions and compact
construction iSWAY-FC units can be located in any place in the building moreover assembly and start-up
procedures are simplified. Before starting-up pressurization units it is required to ensure required air supply
rate, power supply and pressure difference measurement between protected space and the reference.
iSWAY-FC series units are manufactured in different versions depending on number and type of pressurized
spaces, location in the building (internal or external) and inspection panels access side. Technical sheets
of SMAY company pressurization units and control systems with detailed description can be found in last sections
of this Guidebook
To ensure proper operation of pressure differential system it is necessary to provide air extraction or release from
the fire floor. Otherwise dynamic changes in temperature and pressure distribution while opening evacuation
doors may result in infiltration hot smoke and gases to protected spaces and contamination escape routes.
Such problem can be detected during acceptance tests when it is not possible to obtain nominal air velocity
at evacuation door at given floor. In practice elimination of such problem after finishing all construction works
in a real building is extremely hard or even impossible. In case when air release or exhaust rate is not sufficient
pressure difference between adjacent spaces decreases gradually until pressures equalize. Airflow direction
may be opposite to the required due to local pressure raise connected with fire development. It is crucial to start
up air release or extraction installations simultaneously with pressure differential system.
Following air release/extraction installations can be listed:
gravitational openings located in building envelope such as motorized windows (susceptible to wind forces
influence);
gravitational ductworks equipped with fire dampers (to ensure proper operation large dimensions may be
required);
mechanical ventilation ductworks ensuring precise balancing of airflows and less susceptible to wind forces
influence;
smoke extraction installation.
Common mistake at concept stage of the design is to analyze given installation operation without taking into
consideration another systems in the building which may seriously influence its operation. In fact whole building
shall be treated as a set of hydraulically connected spaces in terms of airflows and pressure distribution.
Phenomena which influence pressure distribution and airflow patterns in the building are described in further
sections of this Guidebook.
It has to be noted that SMAY company solutions has been consequently tested and improved for over last two
years basing on real scale experiments and acceptance tests results moreover applied components were often
specially designed to fulfill strict requirements of standards and regulations currently in force. Main goal of the
optimization procedures was to reduce total number of necessary electronic devices and sensors such
as pressure and temperature sensors.
SMAY company except research and development activities as a first European manufacturer has voluntarily
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Issues connected with design and operation of the Pressure Differential Systems
tested described solutions in independent laboratories Institute of Industrial Aerodynamics GmbH at the Aachen
University of Applied Sciences (I.F.I.) and Building Research Institute in Warsaw (ITB). All testes have been
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11
air relase
staircase
Fig. 2.1. Pressure criterion 50 Pa according to EN 12101-6 or 20 80 Pa according to ITB Instruction 378/2002
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air relase
staircase
Fig. 2.2. Airflow criterion at open evacuation door according to EN 12101-6 for means of escape.
air relase
staircase
Fig. 2.3. Airflow criterion at open evacuation door according to EN 12101-6 for means of escape and firefighting.
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The SAFETY WAY system developed by SMAY company solves a number of problems that appear in the fire
ventilation of multi-storey (MS) buildings. This chapter presents the specifications of such buildings in terms
of selecting appropriate fire ventilation systems.
[m]
residential buildings
from 9 up to 18 floors
55
3.
1
residential buildings
from 4 up to 9 floors
25
residential building
up to 4 floors
12
low
medium-rise
tall
high-rise
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15
3.
1
ZL 1
Buildings that comprise rooms that can contain more than 50 people at the same
time that are not regular users and they are not predominantly aimed at people
with limited walking capabilities
ZL II
ZL III
ZL IV
Residential buildings
ZL V
Table 3.1.
The rules included in the regulations only describe general requirements concerning fire ventilation for each
of the mentioned categories, with special attention to ZL II and ZL IV categories. In the first case, owing to the
specific features of buildings for people with limited walking capabilities (disabled), stricter criteria for fire
protection systems are applied. Residential building are less strictly treated and for this category, even in case
of high-rise buildings, in accordance with the regulations the fire prevention installation is permissible. It is far
more difficult to precisely define requirements for a building with parts that belong to different ZL categories.
Combining in one building office, hotel and living functions is commonplace. In case as such technical solutions
should be applied for the whole building that are categorized for the least favorable building class (with the
highest requirements in terms of fire protection). Separate groups of buildings in terms of fire protection
requirements (including fire ventilation systems) are multi-storey industrial buildings. In such buildings there
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3.
1
Category
Building height
Obligatory fire
ventilation system
Building description
Medium-rise
Smoke extraction
system
Pressure differential
system
Medium-rise
Smoke extraction
system
Pressure differential
system
Medium-rise
Smoke extraction
system
Pressure differential
system
Medium-rise
No requirements
Tall
Smoke extraction
system
High-rise
Pressure differential
system
Medium-rise
Smoke extraction
system
Pressure differential
system
ZL I
ZL II
ZL III
ZL IV
ZL V
Table 3.2.
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3.
2
fire-fighting lobbies;
elevator shafts;
corridors.
Depending on the building classification and applied architectural solutions, the protected space may be one
of the spaces mentioned above, however air exhaust (release) shall take place in the lobby, corridor or fire-seized
room as well as part of the communication system in the building.
Requirements for the protected spaces in the building are listed below:
Staircases vertical escape routes which join building floors with the final exit level. In high-rise buildings where
evacuation from outside is usually limited or impossible staircases are only become only ways of escape.
Designing smoke protection and pressure differential systems in high-rise buildings special consideration shall
be given to protecting staircases as only ways of safe evacuation.
REMARKS
CONCERNING
STAIRCASES
CONSTRUCTION THAT
ARE VITAL IN TERMS
OF FIRE VENTILATION
SYSTEM SELECTION
staircase location in the building (internal, core section, adjacent to external wall or on the
building facade) and staircase structure (reinforced concrete, totally closed, partly or totally
glass-paned) have a significant influence on the initial pressure distribution in this space;
- architectural layout (geometry) of the staircase is particularly important for the airflow
and pressure distribution.
Dimensions of fire-fighting lobbies should be at least 1.4 m x 1.4 m. They have to be made in accordance to EI60
fire resistance class and ventilated, at least gravitationally. In pressure differential systems in escape routes
it is required to provide air supply installation and air transfer to the adjacent lower pressure zone or fully
functional air supply-exhaust ventilation. Fire-fighting lobbies shall be independent on the pressurization
system each lobby shall be equipped with at least one air inlet.
REMARKS CONCERNING
FIRE-FIGHTING LOBBY
Assuming minimal dimension of the lobby often doesn't allow installing required
pressure differential systems components e.g. fire dampers, air transfer dampers
or air supply shafts.
3.
2
Pressurization in order to achieve positive pressure shall be applied to all the elevator shafts, as long as they are
not protected on particular floors with lift lobbies that meet the requirements for fire-fighting lobbies. Should
such lobbies exist, there is no obligatory need to apply pressurization systems in elevator shafts apart from the
fire-fighting shafts for rescue teams.
3.
3
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19
3.
3
STACK EFFECT
NATURAL CONVECTION
THERMAL EXPANSION
AIRFLOW RESISTANCE
OF THE STAIRCASE
PISTON EFFECT
DAY-TO-DAY VENTILATION
OPERATION
6
5
2
6
1
Fig. 3.2. The phenomena responsible for pressure distribution in high-rise buildings.
Stack effect
A factor of particular importance that influences pressure distribution in high-rise buildings
and selecting methods of effective protection of escape routes is stack effect. Stack effect is a pressure
difference resulting from a difference in density between two interconnected columns of air at different
temperatures (internal air and the ambient). It results in vertical air movement in staircases, lift or installation
shafts and natural static pressure gradient between top and bottom floors. Static pressure difference
is proportional to the actual value of temperature difference and building height.
The problem can significantly influence pressure distribution in buildings over 30 m high and may often result
in faulty pressure differential system operation.
If the airflow is from down up it is normal (normal stack effect). Normal stack effect is best visible in the winter,
with low ambient temperatures. Supplying cold outside air to warm staircases causes substantial increase
of pressure gradient inside the staircase or elevator shaft. It results in low pressure zone at the bottom floors
level and high pressure zone at the top floors level.
If the air flow directed from up down it is reverse stack effect. Reverse stack effect is best visible in the summer,
with high ambient temperatures. Supplying warm outside air to cooler staircases causes substantial increase
of pressure gradient inside the staircase or elevator shaft. It results in low pressure zone at the top floors level
and low pressure zone at the top floors level.
Due to a large heat capacity of staircase or elevator shaft envelope it is not possible to stabilize pressure
distribution with intensive ventilation its cubature within reasonable time.
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3.
3
maximum force required to open evacuation door may significantly exceed normative 100 N value due
to the increased pressure differential across evacuation door in high pressure zone;
smoke infiltration to the pressurized space due to the pressure differential drop in low pressure zone.
This problem is especially important since even relatively small amounts of smoke may contaminate air
in the protected space and seriously evacuation.
NEUTRAL
PLANE
Fig. 3.3. Smoke movement inside the building resulting from stack effect.
Convection
The phenomenon is connected with temperature difference resulting from fire. It is responsible for 'leaking'
of toxic combustion products through the leakage paths of the buildings structure to the floors above the fire
affected space. To prevent smoke infiltration at the floors above the fire floor it is possible to supply fixed air
volume via day-to-day ventilation ductwork.
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21
3.
3
WIND DIRECTION
Fig. 3.4. Risk of blowing in smoke onto the escape routes owing to wind influence.
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3.
3
WIND DIRECTION
Pressurization system
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23
3.
4
GOAL:
Removal of smoke and fire gases
produced during the fire out of the building
GOAL:
Protecting escape routes against smoke
and fire gases infiltration by achieving
fixed value of overpressure in reference to fire zone
APPLICATION:
low and mediumrise buildings certain
tall buildings (PM and ZL IV only)
APPLICATION:
All categories of multi-storey buildings
with allocated zones of safe evacuation
EVACUATION POSSIBILITIES:
No or substantial hindering
of safe evacuation
EVACUATION POSSIBILITIES:
Protecting escape routes, safe evacuation
via pressurized escape routes enabled
Fig. 3.6. Basic features of smoke extraction and pressure differential systems.
units iSWAY series to complete pressure differential system SAFETY WAY . To provide highest quality of and
highest safety level in case of fire SMAY solutions include precise active control and measurement devices URBS
and operating conditions monitoring MSPU that enables visualization of selected parameters and fault
detection. It is particularly important that SMAY company goal is continuous improvement of offered solutions
and development of new complete systems i.e. car parks ventilation or smoke extraction systems.
SMAY company provides support at all stages of the project conception, design, CFD simulations, system
assembly and calibration and assistance during acceptance tests.
Please find complete data sheets of devices listed below at the end of this Guidebook.
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4.
1
Forced airflow system SAFETY WAY - developed to protect vertical escape routes in buildings against smoke
infiltration in case of fire. SAFETY WAY system shall be applied in tall and high-rise buildings staircases
and additionally in industrial buildings with large heat gains where it can operate in the ventilation mode
e.g. power plants. In such application iSWAY-FCR units are equipped with additional filter modules located at
the air intake. Depending on the chosen design standard it is intended for the buildings higher than:
30 m (98 ft.)
55 m (180 ft.)
65 m (213 ft.)
SAFETY WAY system consists of at least two independent pressurization units iSWAY-FCR located usually
at the top and bottom floors of the building. In buildings where such locations are not available it is possible
to place both units at the roof level and provide air supply/exhaust ductwork to the bottom floors of the staircase.
Key components of SAFETY WAY system are reversible flow axial fans controlled with frequency inverters
equipped additionally with braking resistors. After initial regulation of fan capacity with frequency inverters
precise second stage control is realized by means of multiblade air dampers operating as a pressure controllers.
All air dampers applied are equipped with fast-acting Belimo actuators. All system components are controlled by
Belimo Smay Control Device (URBS). Application of electronic devices enabled development of active controlled
pressure differential system which adjust operating parameters such as air supply and exhaust rates basing
on continuous pressure difference measurement taking into account ambient temperature, wind speed and
direction changes. By default integral component of SAFETY WAY system is Control Module (MS) which allows
to determine required airflow direction basing on internal and ambient air temperature difference
measurement.
Moreover application of SAFETY WAY system doesn't require any additional pressure control devices such
as mechanical barometric dampers. In case when such device locations are not possible it is necessary
to provide air inlets/outlets in the top and bottom zones. Whole year can be divided into three conventional
periods depending on standard internal and ambient temperature difference:
winter period when ambient temperature is lower than air temperature inside the building. During this
period due to the stack effect high pressure zone at the top floors and low pressure zone at the bottom floors
occur in reference to the barometric pressure. iSWAY-FCR pressurization units supply air to the bottom
floors zone and exhaust it from the top floors zone.
summer period when ambient temperature is higher than air temperature inside the building. During this
period due to the stack effect high pressure zone at the bottom floors and low pressure zone at the top floors
occur in reference to the barometric pressure. iSWAY-FCR pressurization units supply air to the top floors
zone and exhaust it from the bottom floors zone.
Natural pressure gradient value is proportional to actual value of temperature difference and total building
height.
Interim period when internal and ambient air temperatures are approximately equal. During this period
no pressure gradient should occur. Significant problem in terms of pressure differential design is pressure
drop connected resulting from staircase airflow resistance.
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4.
1
Idea of operation of SAFETY WAY pressure differential system for winter and summer periods is presented
below. For interim period system operates in similar way to the winter period with reduced airflow rates.
iSWAY-FC
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
iSWAY-FCD
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
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27
4.
1
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
iSWAY-FCD
Application of compact pressurization units of iSWAY-FC series allowed to simplify SAFETY WAY system
structure and reduce overall price of complete pressure differential system. Additionally number of independent
components has been reduced as well i.e. control system components and wiring.
During airflow criterion in high-rise building staircase depending on selected system class and total air leakage
rate additional air supply units may be required to provide stable pressure distribution all along the staircase
as well as nominal air velocities at open evacuation doors. By default it is assumed to provide one air supply inlet
per each ten floors of the staircase. Additional air volume is supplied with iSWAY-FCD unit with pressure
controller calibrated in that manner to maintain 25-30 Pa of pressure difference between protected space and
the reference.
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Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
Staircase
Static pressure
Staircase
Fire-fighting lobby
Static pressure
Corridor
4.
1
Fig. 4.4. Pressurization of high-rise building staircase with SAFETY WAY system with additional air supply
unit iSWAY-FCD application.
PLEASE NOTE: Proper operating parameters such as fan capacities and air inlets/outlets location
for SAFETYWAY system are provided by SMAY company basing on building design details, pressure
differential nominal operating parameters. For high-rise buildings exact values of listed parameters are
determined basing on CFD simulations results.
To place an order for complete SAFETY WAY system design it is necessary to provide:
-
overall description and schematic diagram of pressure differential system in analyzed building;
pressure differential system operating conditions and nominal parameters required by fire protection
expert;
Ordering party receives complete CFD calculations report in printed and electronic version as well
as guidelines required at all stages of the design.
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4.
2
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4.
3
An example of industrial buildings application of SAFETY WAY system are staircases intended to ensure safe
evacuation from central boiler plants buildings. Such staircases are adjacent to the room where power boiler
is located where large heat gains and dust emission occur. Due to its structure and special control algorithms
SAFETY WAY system ensures constant pressure difference between boiler room and the staircase regardless
of boiler operation mode and ambient parameters. Additionally in such applications all fire-fighting lobbies shall
be pressurized since they are all adjacent to the single fire zone.
Fire-fighting lobbies connect horizontal and vertical escape routes. Nominal value of overpressure inside the
lobby depends on the selected overpressure inside the adjacent staircase e.g. pressure differential of 5Pa
between the staircase and the lobby. According to the European Standard it is assumed that fire can occur only at
one floor at given time. Fire-fighting lobby is pressurized at fire floor only. In special cases simultaneous
pressurization of all fire-fighting lobbies may be required. Air is supplied to all lobbies via single shaft.
For standard pressure differential system balancing of such installation may be difficult. Pressurization system
dedicated to fire-fighting lobbies operates in two modes analogical to the staircases (pressure and airflow
criterion).
Buildings currently designed are often equipped with mechanical smoke extraction system in order to protect
horizontal escape routes. Since according to the European regulations it is forbidden to apply frequency inverters
to control smoke extraction fans capacities it is required to provide constant air volume supplied to the corridors
to control pressure difference across evacuation doors regardless of their position. SMAY company has
developed solution enabling electronically controlled air transfer from the fire-fighting lobby to the corridor.
Each fire-fighting lobby is equipped with independent set of two mechanically and electronically coupled
pressure controllers with fast acting Belimo actuators NMQ24A-SRV-ST. Idea of operation is quite simple both
air dampers operates backward in that manner that opening angle of each air damper is inversely proportional.
Air damper located in the fire-fighting lobby operates as a pressure controller. While evacuation doors are closed
excess air is transferred to the corridor via the by-pass damper and the pressure control damper is almost fully
closed. After opening the door by-pass damper closes and pressure control damper opens and required nominal
air volume is supplied to the corridor through evacuation door.
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31
4.
3
0Pa
50Pa
45Pa
Fig. 4.5. Idea of operation of electronically controlled air transfer during pressure criterion (no evacuation)
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4.
3
2,0 m/s
6Pa
Fig. 4.6. Idea of operation of electronically controlled air transfer during airflow criterion (evacuation)
Fig. 4.7. Schematic diagram of fire-fighting lobby pressurization with mechanical air transfer to the corridor
in accordance with ITB Instruction 378/2002 (D
pmax = 20-80Pa)
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33
4.
3
0Pa
45Pa
50Pa
0Pa
Fig. 4.8. Idea of operation of double electronically controlled air transfer during pressure criterion (no evacuation)
2,0 m/s
6Pa
2,0 m/s
Fig. 4.9. Idea of operation of double electronically controlled air transfer during airflow criterion (evacuation)
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The installations of air reception should work automatically at the moment the system of pressurization starts
to work. It means that on the floor seized by fire a flow needs to be opened that will direct the smoke-filled air
directly or with the use of smoke shafts outside the building. The following solutions may be applied as the
installations of air reception:
Pivoting windows or other openings in the inside walls, equipped with actuators they need to be installed
on each floor, in each separate room that is connected with escape passage. Should the staircase exit lead to the
open-space room, it is possible to limit the number of pivoting windows. Correctly selected windows active area is
enough to fulfill the requirements concerning the air flow requirements. The conditions for the use of pivoting
windows as a system of air reception include: they should be placed in the area adjacent to the one protected by
overpressure and equip windows with certified actuators that enable their automatic opening with the
simultaneous triggering of the pressurization system. This is a fairly easy solution. It does not require technical
space that is necessary to make the installation for smoke reception. The wind forms a serious limitation in the
use of pivoting windows and it is especially dangerous for high rise buildings. Bad weather conditions (opening
windows to windward) may result in blowing the smoke inside the building, making the pressurization to no avail.
High negative pressure that is formed on the leeward surface of the wall in the presence of strong wind may also
seriously disturb the pressure system inside the building. A solution to this problem may be installing pivoting
windows on two different walls of a building (the so called doubling the system) and proper control set depending
on the current wind direction (anemometer).
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Pivoting windows
or other openings
in building envelope
Gravitational smoke
removal ducts
Mechanical smoke
reception ducts
Mechanical smoke
extraction
installations
Location
Benefits:
- low investment costs;
- easy assembly;
- high smoke removal efficiency.
Drawbacks:
- highly sensitive to weather conditions.
Benefits:
- low assembly cost;
- simple construction;
- low sensitivity to weather conditions.
Drawbacks:
- large technical zone required;
- neat assembly indispensable;
- no option of connecting horizontal ductworks.
Benefits:
- no limits as to the building's height;
- smaller need for technical space than in case of gravitational ducts
- high smoke removal efficiency;
- option of connecting horizontal ductworks;
- possibility of using general ventilation installation on condition
it is specially made.
Drawbacks:
- additional cost of smoke control fans with the guaranteed power supply
and wiring;
- high assembly costs;
- necessity of precise air stream balancing.
Benefits:
- there is no limit as to the height of the building;
- high efficiency in smoke removing;
- possibility of connecting horizontal ductworks
- possibility of using general ventilation installation on condition
it is specially made.
Drawbacks:
- negative pressure may be created in the escape passage versus the protected;
- high investment costs.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
37
6
6.
1
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
39
6.
1
iSWAY-FC compact pressurization unit results nominal fan capacity 15 600 m /h, nominal pressure difference
D
pN = 45 Pa
Test type
FUNCIONALITY
RELIABILITY
DURABILITY
OSCILLATIONS
D
pN
[Pa]
45
45
Time required to
Time of reducing
achieve 90% of new pressure difference
volumetric airflow [s] to 60 Pa or less [s]
2.3
1.8
2.5
2.5
GRADE
PASSED
PASSED
PASSED
PASSED
SAFETY WAY system results nominal fan capacity 16 000 m3/h, nominal pressure difference D
pN = 50 Pa
Test Type
FUNCIONALITY
D
pN
[Pa]
50
-
RELIABILITY
DURABILITY
50
OSCILLATIONS
Time required to
Time of reducing
achieve 90% of new pressure difference
volumetric airflow [s] to 60 Pa or less [s]
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.2
GRADE
PASSED
PASSED
PASSED
PASSED
Laboratory tests that were carried out have confirmed that properly designed and configured electronically
controlled pressure differential systems can literally meet all requirements described in EN 12101-6 European
Standard. Moreover modern components of pressure regulation system meet strict requirements in terms
of reliability ensuring high safety level in case of fire.
Thanks to the carried out tests, research project realization and practical experience gathered during
acceptance tests SMAY company can be described as one of the leading European manufacturers of pressure
differential systems.
It shall be noted that the best designed pressure differential systems require professional assembly and on-site
calibration to provide declared parameters. It shall be noted that the final and the most important test for each
and every pressure differential system shall be acceptance testing carried out in accordance with normative
procedure. Acceptance testing results shall be treated as the most valuable recommendation of pressure
differential system.
40
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version 5.1.4
6.
1
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
41
6.
2
Tested feature
Result
of Laws nr 143/2007
item 1002
Table. 6.1.
p. 12.1.1.1
PASSED
Resistance to vibrations
p. 12.1.5.b
PASSED
Strength to vibrations
p. 12.1.5.c.
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.d
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.e
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.f
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.g
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.h
PASSED
p. 12.1.5.i
PASSED
10
p. 12.1.5.j
PASSED
11
p. 12.1.5.k
PASSED
12
p. 12.1.5.l
PASSED
13
p. 12.1.5.m
PASSED
14
p. 12.1.5.n
PASSED
As regards of pressure differential systems it is crucial to test components of pressure regulation system.
To ensure proper operation of offered solutions SMAY company has tested URBS together with multi-blade airdamper operating as a pressure controller. It shall to be noted that at the moment there is no normative
requirement to carry out any tests of barometric dampers which are one of the most popular pressure regulating
devices. It is possible that this situation will change in the near future and as a result testing procedure for this
component will be developed and introduced.
Performed lab tests have confirmed that Belimo Smay Control Devices (URBS) fulfill all the requirements set
for electronic pressure control devices applied in fire protections systems.
Basing on mentioned tests results Building Research Institute in Warsaw I.T.B. has issued the Technical
Approval ITB AT-15-8564/2011 confirming all operating parameters declared by SMAY company was issued.
42
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version 5.1.4
6.
2
Official report documents of performed tests are available to download from SMAY company official website
www.smay.pl
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
43
CFD simulations
CFD simulations are often used to evaluate effectiveness of both smoke extraction and pressure differential
systems. Last years have brought significant changes in this field due to the improvement of calculation
capabilities of available machines. This enabled more precise analysis of vast installations in terms of heat and
mass transfer.
SMAY company amongst other services offers CFD simulations of various issues connected with ventilation
systems design and operation in the small and large scale:
-
CFD modelling of pressure differential systems in staircases, fire-fighting lobbies and elevator shafts;
CFD modelling of smoke extraction systems in horizontal escape routes, atria and car parks;
CFD modelling and structure optimization of ventilating equipment e.g. fans, VAV controllers, diffusers etc.
Simulations listed above are carried out with a use of numerical model validated and verified against real scale
measurements and provide accuracy of 10-15%. All CFD simulations are performed by SMAY engineers
employed in Research and Development Department.
Depending on the analysed problem and required accuracy Ansys Fluent or Fire Dynamic Simulator
are applied. In some cases additional numerical codes developed by SMAY company may be used.
On a special Client's request any technical problem may be analysed after all the requirements and technical
details are defined.
Moreover Research and CFD Simulations Department of SMAY company offers unique measurement
techniques that enable 3d air velocity measurements with a use of ultrasonic anemometer as well as complete
acceptance testing measurements of pressure differential and smoke extraction systems including hot
smoke tests in accordance with AS 4391-1999 Smoke management systems - Hot smoke test.
44
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version 5.1.4
CFD simulations
Fig. 7.1.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
45
Acceptance testing
12.1
General
Pressure differential system shall be designed to obtain design parameters of pressure differential, airflow velocity
and opening door force regardless of the building height as well as actual ambient air temperature and wind speed
and direction.
Acceptance testing shall be carried out only when the installation is complete and the pressure differential system,
and where applicable air conditioning, have been commissioned and correctly balanced. Additionally since the
pressure differential system is activated from the smoke detector, assembly of smoke detection system shall have
been completed.
All building work shall have been completed.
12.2.
Normative parameters must be obtained for all pressure differential systems applied.
D
pmin =
30 Pa;
wmin
Fmax
100 N;
Acceptance testing shall be carried out in accordance with the test procedure described in Clause 12.3.
Automatic activation of pressure differential system described in 12.3.1. shall be tested at each storey of the building.
Tests listed in 12.3.2. 12.3.4. shall be carried out compulsorily after activation of the smoke detectors at the bottom,
middle and top storey of the building.
Tests described in 12.3.2. and 12.3.3. shall be carried out each time only at the storey where the smoke detector has
been activated (simulated fire storey).
Tests described in 12.3.4. shall be carried out at all storeys within defined escape routes. Evacuation doors shall
be opened respectively in direction of evacuation. In case when the smoke detector has been activated at the middle
storey, the appropriate measurement shall
also be taken at this storey.
Acceptance tests described in 12.3.2. 12.3.4. may be carried out simultaneously with control of automatic activation
of the system described in 12.3.1.
12.3.
Acceptance testing shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedure:
12.3.1.
This test shall be to operate the automatic fire detection system (smoke detector) by injecting smoke into the detector
head. This shall in turn operate the central fire alarm panel, thus activating the pressure differential system.
During this test all key components of the pressure differential system shall be inspected.
12.3.2.
Pressure differential
This test shall be to measure pressure differential across each door separating a pressurized and unpressurized
space to the relevant accommodation on the floor levels with the pressure differential system running. The tests shall
be carried out as follows:
a) Initiate the pressure differential system operation. Allow fans to operate for 10 min to establish steady air
temperatures;
b) Measure the pressure differential between the pressurized space and the relevant accommodation;
c) Measure the pressure differential between the pressurized staircase and the relevant accommodation.
These readings shall be taken using a calibrated manometer, with appropriate tube connections.
46
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version 5.1.4
Air velocity
This test shall be to measure the air velocity through an open door separating a pressurized and an unpressurized
space, and shall comply with the requirements in Clause 5.4. for the appropriate design objective. The tests shall be
carried out as follows:
a) Actuate the pressure differential system;
b) Measurement of flow velocity through the relevant doors shall be taken with all other doors open or closed
in accordance with the appropriate design objective described in Table 1. The doorway shall be clear
of obstructions;
c) Take at least 8 measurements, uniformly distributed over the doorway, to establish an accurate air velocity.
Calculate the mean of these measurements or alternatively move an appropriate measuring device steadily over
the cross section of the open door and record the average air velocity;
The measurements shall be taken using a calibrated anemometer providing an accuracy of +/- 5%.
12.3.4.
This test shall be to measure the opening door force on the doors between pressurized and unpressurized spaces.
The opening door force shall be measured as follows:
a) Actuate the pressure differential system;
b) Fasten the end of the force measuring device (e.g. spring balance) to the door handle, on the side of the door
in the direction of opening;
c) Release any latching mechanism, if necessary holding it open;
d) Pull steadily on the free end of the force measuring device, noting the highest value of force measured as the door
opens;
e) Take at least 3 measurements and calculate the mean of these measurements.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
47
48
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version 5.1.4
URBS
Technical Approval ITB
AT-15-8564/2011
Application
Control Panel in URBS configuration is a static pressure regulation system within selected space by means
of volumetric airflow rate control that pertains an integral component of smoke and heat control system
SAFETY WAY (iSWAY ). URBS control device pertains integral component of pressure differential systems
manufactured by SMAY company.
Key:
1 - Housing IP66
2 - VRP-M Belimo controller
3 - Pressure sensor VFP-100 Belimo
4 - Mounting plate
5 - Cable gland
50
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version 5.1.4
Legenda:
1 - Housing IP66
2 - VRP-M Belimo controller
3 - Pressure sensor VFP-300 , (VFP-600), (VFP-2000) Belimo
4 - Mounting plate
5 - Cable gland
5
2
Key:
1 URBS 1
2 URBS 2
3 Fan
4 Frequency inverter
5 Air damper with fast acting Belimo actuator
6 Merawex power supply unit
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
51
52
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
To ensure proper operation of Belimo Smay Control Device (URBS) it is necessary to connect pneumatic PVC
tubings to enable static pressure difference measurement. All tubings shall be conducted inside
electroinstallation tubes to prevent tubings from damage and reduce solar radiation influence. 24V AC/DC
power supply (line 2) shall be conducted with fire resistant cable if it crosses different fire zones. Within single
fire zone standard electrical screened cables can be applied. Frequency inverter control signal can
be conducted analogically as power supply (line 3).
VFP pressure transducer shall be connected with VRP-M controller inside the URBS with a use of cables
supplied by Belimo. If it is not possible to locate URBS in the vicinity of air damper actuator cables shall
be lengthen in accordance with Belimo regulatory guides. If URBS is monitored with MSPU additional wire
of MP-Bus is required (line 4).
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
53
24V emergency
power supply
Actuator
Pressure controller
NMQ24A-SRV-ST
Belimo wires
VRP-M
controller
Belimo wires
NOTE:
Maximal length of B wires shall not exceed 50 m (165 ft.)
Maximal length of power supply conducted through hot zone
(over 30oC) shall not exceed 30% of a total cable length
for E90 class cables
Maximal voltage drop shall not exceed 10%
Fig. 6. Schematic diagrams of electrical connections of URBS intended to control air damper actuator
MP BUS
MSPU
feedback signal
24V emergency to the frequency
power supply
inverter
VRP-M
controller
Belimo wires
Fig. 7.
54
NOTE:
Maximal length of B wires shall not exceed 50 m (165 ft.)
Maximal length of power supply conducted through hot zone
(over 30oC) shall not exceed 30% of a total cable length
for E90 class cables
Maximal voltage drop shall not exceed 10%
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Actuator
Pressure controller
NMQ24A-SRV-ST
Belimo wires
MP BUS
MSPU
Belimo wires
24V emergency
power supply
Belimo wires
VRP-M
controller
Belimo wires
NOTE:
Maximal length of C, D wires shall not exceed 25 m (83 ft.)
Maximal length of B wires shall not exceed 50 m (165 ft.)
Maximal length of power supply conducted through hot zone
(over 30oC) shall not exceed 30% of a total cable length
for E90 class cables
Maximal voltage drop shall not exceed 10%
Fig. 8. Schematic diagrams of electrical connections of URBS intended to control two air dampers actuators
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
55
Moxa A53
converter
SMY controller can monitor operation parameters of up to 8 Belimo Smay Control Devices (URBS) via MP-Bus
connection (MP1-MP8). If it is necessary to increase total number of URBS additional SMY controllers
connected via RS 485 Bus are applied. Converter transmits RS 485 Bus signal directly to the PC with appropriate
software installed. With a use of PC it is possible to display and monitor selected operation parameters such as:
actual value of pressure difference measured by VFP pressure sensors or position of the control damper.
56
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
VFP
pressure sensor
VRP-M
controller
Actuator
NMQ24A-SRV-ST
x - exposed equipment
SMY controller
Moxa A53
converter
PC
Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of URBS test rig at ITB Laboratory
Basing on the Belimo Smay Control Device URBS laboratory tests results Technical Approval
ITBAT85642011 for an electronic pressure differential control system has been issued, becoming first
document of this kind regarding electronically controlled Pressure Differential Systems (PDS).
Data plate with basic parameters of the device is located on the inner side of the housing front panel.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
57
device model: 1, 2, 3 or 4
<P>
Order example:
URBS - 1 - 50
58
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version 5.1.4
MSPU
MONITORING, INTEGRATION AND REMOTE CONTROL OF THE PDS
Application
Operating Conditions Monitoring Device (MSPU) complements SMAY company pressure differential systems
offer. MSPU can be applied to monitor data transmission circuits and operation parameters of actuating devices
in simple SAFETY WAY or vast iSWAY pressure differential systems. MSPU monitoring device pertains integral
component of pressure differential systems manufactured by SMAY company.
Goals of application
Main goal of MSPU development was to enable continuous monitoring of actual pressure difference between
pressurized space and the reference and additionally to control operating conditions of system components in
order to ensure instant failure detection during standard system operation or periodic commissioning tests.
60
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version 5.1.4
Structure
MSPU in standard version of configuration is characterized by simple and compact structure. All components
of automation system are located inside the housing (1) painted in the color RAL 3000. Key component of MSPU
is industrial computer PC (2). MSPU is powered by emergency power supply 230V unit. Additional UPS (3) is also
provided to power MSPU in case of temporary voltage drops, decays or during switching computers. UPS also
protects MSPU against overvoltage. Two RJ-45 jack sockets are also located on XMTCP terminal (4) to enable
INTERNET or LAN connections.
Operating Conditions Monitoring Device (MSPU) provides one-way data transfer with SAFETY WAY system
controllers located in the building via communication interface converter RS485/RS232 with optical isolation
XMBUS terminal (5). Emergency power supply line 1x230V shall be connected to XMZ terminal (6). In the bottom
panel of the housing three cable glands (7) are located to enable carrying out all required connections. In both
top and bottom panels of the housing are located ventilation slots (8) enabling effective heat removal.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
61
62
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version 5.1.4
It is possible to display operating parameters of single SMY controller at the time. Selected SMY controller
is highlighted in green. In case of failure or technical alarm given SMY controller is highlighted in yellow.
After selecting SMY controller on touchscreen all connected pressure controllers and pressure sensors as well
as digital inputs monitored by this controller will be listed. User can easily determine which component crashed
or reports an alarm.
Fig. 8. Failure/Technical alarm of device or digital input connected to given SMY controller
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
63
64
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Monitoring room
Building
Emergency
power supply
1x 230V
1kW
wires:
A HDGs(o) FE180/E90 3x2,5
B HTKSH FE180/E90 ekw 1x2x0,8
C FTP cat.6
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
65
Order instructions
MSPU
No additional requirements for MSPU standard version.
MSPU non-standard version*
* To order MSPU in non-standard version it is necessary to prepare individual design of MSPU device taking into account
additional requirements. Device design is performed by SMAY company engineers in strict cooperation with the Client.
All the technical details shall be each time consulted with fire protection expert.
66
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version 5.1.4
iSWAY
iSAFETY WAY (iSWAY ) compact pressurization unit is a part of SMAY company offer as regards smoke and heat
control systems. iSWAY unit may be applied to vertical escape routes such as stairwells, fire-fighting lobbies
and elevator shafts keeping them free of smoke and ensuring safe evacuation from the building in case of fire.
Moreover application of iSWAY unit ensures obtaining normative pressure gradient and directed airflow
between escape route and fire floor in wide range of buildings regardless of ambient conditions during the fire.
Due to a simple structure iSWAY unit can be located almost anywhere in the building additionally active control
system application allows to monitor actual value of pressure difference as well as to reduce total time required
to perform acceptance and maintenance tests.
PVC tubings conducted
inside electroinstallation tubes
Staircase
Static pressure measurement
point inside pressurized space
Rescue team
access level
Staircase
Rescue team
access level
Fig. 1. Possible locations of iSWAY unit inside the building and a list of key components
68
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version 5.1.4
24V guaranteed
power supply
Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
Staircase
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fig. 2.
Rescue team
access level
iSWAY example of stairwell and fire-fighting lobbies pressurization system with active controlled air transfer
to the corridor
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
69
24V guaranteed
power supply
Reference static
pressure
measurement
point
Fire-fighting lobby
24V guaranteed
power supply
Corridor
Staircase
static pressure
measurement
point inside the
fire-fighting lobby
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fig. 3.
Rescue team
access level
iSWAY example of stairwell and fire-fighting lobbies pressurization system with active controlled air transfer
to the corridor - continuation
70
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version 5.1.4
iSWAY compact pressurization unit consists of combined modules Air Supply Module (ZN) (1) and Power Supply
and Control Module (MNR) (2), (3). All modules are potted in shared housing. Compact structure allows to
reduce time required to assemble and connect iSWAY pressurization unit. Modular housing is made
of aluminium square hollow sections and steel sheets painted in any color from RAL color chart. Thermal
insulation is made of mineral wool 34 mm thick. Inspection holes provide fast, easy access for inspection all
components or cleaning interiors. Depending on inspection holes location iSWAY units are manufactured
in two versions: left and right.
Reference pressure
measurement connection
point
Pressurized space
pressure measurement
connection point
Pressure sensor
with LCD display
Smoke detector
Main power switch
Elastic connector
Frame bearer
Modules list:
1 - Air Supply Module (ZN)
2,3 - Power Supply
and Control Module (MNR)
Fig. 4.
Table 1.
Size
Table 2.
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
2200
1100
1900
1100
1100
1100
700
1000
2600
1400
2300
1400
1200
1400
800
1300
1.10
1.15
1.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
version 5.1.4
Capacity
[ m3/h ]
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
Static
pressure
[Pa]
300
300
300
300
300
300
Protection
Supply
voltage of power supp.
[V]
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
PKZMO-[A]
10
10
16
20
20
25
Active
power
[kW]
4,1
5,2
6,9
9,1
9,1
12,9
w w w. s m a y. p l
Total
Protection
Reactive
power of dev switchgear weight
[kVA]
5,4
6,4
8,5
11,1
11,1
15,9
[A]
C25
C32
C40
C50
C50
C63
[kg]
611
614
630
861
890
914
71
72
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version 5.1.4
FAS
NC
3x400 V
emergency
power supply
from the swithgear
Operation
indicator
ALARM
NC
supply network
230V
output 1
SERVICE
NC
Pressure
controller
Pressure
sensor
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of connections between Air Supply Module (ASM) and Power Supply and Control Switchbox (PSCS)
Power supply and control switchbox (SZS) - types: 2.25, 2.30, 2.35
FAS
NC
3x400 V
emergency
power supply
from the swithgear
Operation
indicator
ALARM
NC
output 1
SERVICE
NC
supply network
230V
Pressure
controller 1
Pressure
controller 2
Pressure
sensor
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of connections between Air Supply Module (ASM) and Power Supply and Control Switchbox (PSCS)
Marking
1.10
1.15
1.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
NHXH FE180/E90
4x2,5mm2
4x4mm2
4x4mm2
4x6mm2
4x6mm2
4x10mm2
NHXH FE180/E90
A1
3x6mm2
3x6mm2
3x10mm2
HDGs FE180/E90
B1
2x1mm 2
2x1mm 2
2x1mm 2
2x1mm 2
2x1mm 2
2x1mm 2
HTKSH FE180/90
1x2x0,8mm2
1x2x0,8mm2
1x2x0,8mm2
1x2x0,8mm2
1x2x0,8mm2
1x2x0,8mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm
2
HDGs FE180/E90
2x1,5mm
1x2x1,5mm2
1x2x1,5mm2
1x2x1,5mm2
1x2x1,5mm2
1x2x1,5mm2
1x2x1,5mm2
HTKSH FE180/90
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
3x2x1,5mm2
HDGs(o) FE180/E90
3x2,5mm2
3x2,5mm2
3x2,5mm2
3x2,5mm2
NHXH FE180/E90
5x4mm
2x1,5mm
5x6mm
2
YLY
3x1,5mm
HLGS
2x2,5mm2
3x1,5mm
2x1,5mm
5x6mm
2
2x2,5mm2
3x1,5mm
5x10mm
2
2x2,5mm2
version 5.1.4
2x1,5mm
w w w. s m a y. p l
2x1,5mm
2x1,5mm2
3x2,5mm2
3x2,5mm2
5x10mm2
5x16mm2
3x1,5mm2
2x2,5mm2
2x2,5mm2
3x1,5mm
2x2,5mm2
3x1,5mm
73
Actual value of pressure difference is measured with a use of Belimo VFP pressure sensor. Maximal vertical
distance between pressure measurement point and Air Supply Module (ASM) shall not exceed 12 m.
During pressure criterion air supply rate corresponds to the total air leakage rate of pressurized space
as a function of set pressure difference.
Capacity of air supply fan is constant during device operation. Pressure difference regulation is done by means
of two electronically coupled air dampers. Redundant airflow rate is discharged directly to the ambient through
by-pass damper located in module 3. All air dampers except by-pass one are thermally insulated.
URBS consisting of VRM-M controller and VFP pressure sensor is located in module 3. All connections between
ASM and are ..
On the housing of module 3 additional pressure sensor with LCD display is located enabling continuous
monitoring of actual pressure difference. Inside the housing of iSWAY device smoke detector (SD) is located.
Depending on the chosen scenario smoke detection may result in reporting alarm or immediate device switch
off.
Manual power switch is also located on the device housing it can be used to switch of iSWAY device to perform
maintenance works.
74
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version 5.1.4
iSWAY versions
iSWAY pressurization devices can be manufactured in various versions depending on its location in the
building: external assembly (rooftop assembly) and internal assembly. Rooftop housing version is equipped
with additional roof panel and air supply and exhaust turns to protect device components against precipitation.
Depending on the removable inspection panels location housing can be manufactured in two additional
versions: right and left. If it is necessary to reduce housing total height housing can be manufactured in flat
version with inspection panels on both sides of the housing. Housing is based on frame bearer or with vibration
isolators or Big Foot roof support system.
roof panel
Fig. 10. Air Supply Module (ASM) rooftop assembly right access side version
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
75
Fig. 11. Air Supply Module (ASM) rooftop assembly left access side version
Fig. 12. Air Supply Module (ASM) internal assembly right access side version
Fig. 13. Air Supply Module (ASM) internal assembly left access side version
76
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Fig. 14. Air Supply Module (ASM) rooftop assembly flat version, both sides access version
Fig. 15. Air Supply Module (ASM) internal assembly flat version, both sides access version
Table 4. Dimensions of iSWAY in flat housing version
Size
version 5.1.4
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
2200
1200
1800
1100
1100
1100
700
1000
2600
1500
2200
1400
1200
1400
800
1300
w w w. s m a y. p l
77
Manual override switch shall be locked in ON position and designed in such manner that changing its position
to OFF shall require authorization (e.g. keyless lock).
Independent Dual Air Intake System (DAIS) offered by SMAY company consists of two motorized smoke dampers
protected against ambient conditions influence with inspection holes providing easy access for service
and maintenance and additional control module located in Power Supply and Control Switchbox (PSCS).
Dual Air Intake System (DAIS) are offered in standard series of types corresponding to air intake ductwork
dimensions.
78
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
PS air damper
Mounting
plate
Seal
Inspection
hole
Actuator
Belimo BLE24
Junction box
Cable
gland
Sheet
metal section
Size
width x height
TYPE
YEAR
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
79
device type:
1 parameters according to Table 1
2 parameters according to Table 2
<V>
<X>
<M>
device location:
<A>
control system:
none standard control system
C
to control Dual Air Intake System (DAIS)
<P>
finish: *
- galvanized steel
SL painted steel
<RAL>
Ordering iSWAY pressurization device it is required to give code symbol in accordance with above instruction.
Additionally nominal pressure difference between pressurized space and the reference shall also be defined in
order to enable proper calibration. Order shall also define detailed location and support construction of iSWAY
device.
80
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
iSWAY-FC
Functionality and reliability confirmed in an independent Laboratory
of Institute of Industrial Aerodynamics GmbH at the Aachen University
of Applied Sciences (I.F.I.) in accordance with latest version
of prEN 12101-6 European Standard testing procedure.
iSAFETY WAY-FC (iSWAY-FC ) compact pressurization unit is a part of SMAY company offer as regards smoke
and heat control systems. iSWAY-FC can be applied to vertical escape routes such as staircases, fire-fighting
lobbies and elevator shafts keeping them free of smoke and ensuring safe evacuation from the building in case
of fire. Moreover application of iSWAY-FC ensures obtaining normative pressure gradient and directed airflow
between escape route and fire floor in wide range of buildings regardless of ambient conditions during the fire.
Due to a simple structure iSWAY-FC can be located almost anywhere in the building additionally active control
system allows to monitor actual value of pressure difference and failure detection as well as to reduce total time
required to perform acceptance and maintenance tests.
Application of Belimo Smay Control Devices (URBS) controlling operation of frequency inverter and pressure
controller actuator allows to eliminate mechanical barometric dampers used to control pressure in protected
space. It is particularly important in case of pressurization systems with large air supply rates required where
due to the considerable dimensions of overpressure dampers location and assembly of such devices may
by hindered or impossible.
Corridor
Staircase
Fig. 1.
82
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Corridor
Staircase
Fig. 2.
iSWAY-FC unit with concentrated air supply doesn't require vertical shaft assembly. In case of existing
buildings staircase pressurization shaft can be used to pressurize lobbies and increase fire safety level.
NOTE: Possibility of concentrated air supply application shall be analyzed for each building taking into account
pressure differential system class and building architecture.
By default it is assumed that it may be applied for buildings which total height doesn't exceed 35 m (~ 100 ft.).
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
83
Corridor
Elevator shaft 1
Elevator shaft 2
Staircase
Fire-fighting lobby
Staircase
Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
Corridor
Fig. 3.
Staircase
Fig. 4.
84
Staircase and fire-fighting lobbies pressurization with air transfer through mechanical transfer damper
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
pressurized space
Staircase
Fig. 5.
Fire brigades
access level
Staircase
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
pressurized space
Ambient pressure measurement
point (reference pressure)
Fig. 6.
Fire brigades
access level
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
85
By default iSWAY-FC series units is supplied together with Control Panel (TSS). It is required to provide
possibility of nominal air volume intake, carry out all electrical connections (supply guaranteed power 3x400V
and Fire Alarm Signal, connections with Control Panel). To enable pressure control it is required to provide static
pressure measurement points in pressurized space and reference. In situations when it is necessary to control
pressure inside air supply duct it is required to provide pressure measurement point located at the straight part
of the ductwork in accordance with detailed SMAY company guidelines.
If pressure differential system consists of more than one iSWAY-FC units it is possible to connect up to four
units to the single Control Panel (TSS). If total number of units is more than four units it is recommended to use
Monitoring of Operating Condition (MSPU) device together with standard Control Panel (TSS). According to the
fire protection regulations both MSPU and TSS shall be located in the same place e.g. monitoring room.
NOTE:
At the design stage it is required to explicitly define locations of static pressure measurement points in the
pressurized space and the reference and ensure air release path from the fire floor sized on the basis of design
air supply and exhaust rates.
Photo. 1. Static pressure
measurement point
Structure
All components iSWAY-FC units are placed inside the modular housing made of aluminum square hollow
sections and steel sheets painted in any color from RAL color chart. Thermal insulation is made of mineral wool
40 mm thick. Inspection doors provide fast and easy access for regular servicing all components or cleaning
interiors. Depending on inspection doors location iSWAY-FC devices are manufactured in two versions: left or
right access side.
86
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
influence of wind forces. For iSWAY-FC units located at the roof two independent pressure measurement point
are provided located at the opposite sides of the housing. In case of locating the unit inside the building one
of pressure measurement points is blanked. Due to the variable wind speed and direction resulting in a variety
of pressure distribution patterns in the vicinity of the building for each high-rise building simple CFD analysis
of possible wind influence is performed.
At the housing main power switch is located which enables power switch off for servicing or manual emergency
switch off of the unit. Additionally to reduce time required to connect unit connecting boxes are provided.
Key:
MW Fan Module
MR Control Module
1 Housing
2 Fan
3 Frame bearer
4 Shut off air damper
5 Pressure control damper
6 Frequency inverter
7 Breaking resistor
8 Automatic control board (SA)
9 URBS
10 Merawex power supply unit
11 Smoke detector
12 Main power switch
13 Connection point of static
pressure measurement inside
protected space
14 Connection point of reference
static pressure measurement
Fig. 7.
Key:
1 Housing IP66
2 VRP-M Belimo controller
3 Pressure sensor VFP Belimo
4 Mounting plate
5 Cable gland
Fig. 8.
Schematic diagram of Belimo Smay Control Device (URBS) with removed front panel
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
87
6
1
4
2
Fig. 9.
1 URBS 1
2 URBS 2
3 Fan
4 Frequency inverter
5 Air damper with fast acting Belimo actuator
6 Merawex power supply unit
Idea of operation of iSWAY-FC unit is based on application of Control Panels URBS in order to control operating
parameters of frequency inverter and the actuator.
Basing on static pressure difference inside the air supply duct and the reference URBS generates control signal
which is transmitted to the built-in controller of frequency inverter (feedback). Basing on measured static
pressure difference proportional to the analog signal value PID controller algorithm of frequency inverter
controls fan rotational speed in order to achieve required pressure difference corresponding to the air supply
rate. Basing on the static pressure difference between protected space and the reference URBS generates
control signal which is transmitted to the actuator of control air damper. Control air damper is opened or closed
in order to achieve set value of overpressure inside the protected space. Two stage regulation, rough by means
of frequency inverter and precise one by means of motorized air damper ensures accurate control of pressure
difference and additionally protects pressure differential system against oscillations.
Application of iSWAY-FC series device enables automatic adaptation of pressure differential system
to the changes during evacuation with simultaneous reduction of energy consumption due to the temporary
reduction of fan rotational speed (capacity). Additionally iSWAY-FC units may be used in continuous operation
mode to ventilate industrial buildings staircases e.g. heat gains removal.
iSWAY-FC unit switches to the operation mode after receiving Fire Alarm Signal from fire alarm control
and indicating equipment (CSAP). Air supply fan is activated with a time delay required to open the shut
off damper located in the Fan Module (MW). Opening of shut off damper is realized by means of the return spring
after cutting off power supply of an actuator. By the time the air supply fan is activated shut off air damper shall
be open. In operation mode (pressurization) pressure difference is continuously controlled by means
of air supply rotational speed and damper position regulation.
88
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Operating modes
1. Stand-by Mode: shut off air damper is closed, control air damper open;
2. Operation Mode: after receiving Fire Alarm Signal from fire alarm control and indicating equipment (CSAP)
power supply of shut off damper actuator is decayed and damper is opened by means of the return spring,
air supply fan is activated with set time delay, two stage automatic pressure regulation is carried out
by means of frequency inverter and motorized air damper operating as a pressure controller.
Fig. 10.
Table 1.
Size
1
2
version 5.1.4
H1
[mm]
2200
[mm]
1100
[mm]
1000
[mm]
1100
[mm]
1100
[mm]
900
[mm]
800
[mm]
700
2200
2600
1400
1700
1200
1500
1100
1400
1100
1200
1100
1400
1000
1300
1000
1300
w w w. s m a y. p l
89
0.3
0.12
1.17
1.20
1.24
2.31
2.39
2.47
Capacity
Static pressure
Supply
voltage
Active
power
Apparent
power
[ m3/h ]
[Pa]
[V]
[kW]
[kW]
3 000
12 000
17 000
20 000
24 000
31 000
39 000
47 000
900
550
390
400
400
410
470
430
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3,4
5,4
5,4
7,3
9,6
9,6
14,0
18,7
3,8
6,0
6,0
8,1
10,7
10,7
15,6
20,7
Current unit
protection
Suggested
protection
Weight
FWC-10A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-32A10F
FWC-40A14F
gG 16 A
gG 20 A
gG 20 A
gG 20 A
gG 25 A
gG 25 A
gG 40 A
gG 50 A
505
515
630
640
650
900
920
935
[kg]
Characteristics
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 11.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 12.
90
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
airflow [m /h]
Fig. 13.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 14.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 15.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
91
airflow [m /h]
Fig. 16.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 17.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 18.
92
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Air inlet
Air outlet
Air outlet
Air inlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Roof panel
Air outlet
Air outlet
Air inlet
Air inlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Fig.19.
Cable
type
Table 2
Table 2
Monitoring room
Unit
Cable A1
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Fig. 20.
Block diagram of electrical connections between single iSWAY-FC unit and Control Panel (TSS)
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
93
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Fig. 21.
Block diagram of electrical connections between two iSWAY-FC units and Control Panel (TSS-2)
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Fig. 22.
94
Block diagram of electrical connections between three iSWAY-FC units and Control Panel (TSS-3)
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Fig. 23.
Block diagram of electrical connections between four iSWAY-FC units and Control Panel (TSS-4)
It is possible to connect iSWAY-FC, iSWAY-FCD and iSWAY-FCR within one pressure differential system.
Assembly on-site
iSWAY-FC units can be located at concrete floors (internal or external assembly) on the frame bearer with
vibroisolation. Where units are assembled on structural steelworks vibration damping mat shall be applied.
In case of rooftop location Big Foot roof support system shall be ensuring vibrations damping, unit leveling
which doesn't penetrate the roof surface.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
95
96
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
PS air damper
Mounting
plate
Seal
Inspection
hole
Actuator
Belimo BLE24
Junction box
Cable
gland
Sheet
metal section
Size
Fig. 26.
TYPE
YEAR
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
97
unit type: FC
unit size: 0, 1 or 2
<V>
<X>
<M>
device location:
none the building (internal assembly)
O
outside the building (external assembly)
<A>
control system:
none standard control system
C
to control Dual Air Intake System (DAIS)
Y
primary unit control system
Z
redundant unit control system
S
custom-made control system
<P>
finish: *
none galvanized steel
SL
painted steel
<RAL>
Ordering iSWAY-FC unit it is required to give code symbol in accordance with above instruction.
Additionally:
nominal pressure difference between pressurized space and the reference shall be defined
(optionally pressure difference between air supply duct and the reference);
exact location of the unit taking into consideration local on-site assembly requirements.
Order example:
iSWAY FC 1.20 R O SL9010
nominal pressure difference 50 Pa
flat roof bearer frame assembly
NOTE: In case of more than four units pressure differential system suggests application of Operating
Conditions Monitoring Device (MSPU) connected with Control Panel (TSS) to provide components
integration and monitoring.
98
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
iSWAY-FCD
Functionality and reliability confirmed in an independent Laboratory
of Institute of Industrial Aerodynamics GmbH at the Aachen University
of Applied Sciences (I.F.I.) in accordance with latest version of prEN
12101-6 European Standard testing procedure.
iSAFETY WAY-FCD (iSWAY-FCD ) compact pressurization unit is a part of SMAY company offer as regards
smoke and heat control systems. iSWAY-FCD can be applied to vertical escape routes such as fire-fighting
lobbies and elevator shafts keeping them free of smoke and ensuring safe evacuation from the building in case
of fire. Moreover application of iSWAY-FC ensures obtaining normative pressure gradient and directed airflow
between escape route and fire floor in wide range of buildings regardless of ambient conditions during the fire.
Due to a simple structure iSWAY-FC can be located almost anywhere in the building additionally active control
system allows to monitor actual value of pressure difference and failure detection as well as to reduce total time
required to perform acceptance and maintenance tests.
iSWAY-FCD units are intended to pressurize single or many fire-fighting lobbies. Each lobby is equipped with
motorized multiblade damper operating as a local pressure controller. SMAY company has also developed
solution ensuring electronically controlled air transfer from the fire-fighting lobby to the corridor. Each firefighting lobby is equipped with independent set of two mechanically and electronically coupled pressure
controllers with fast acting Belimo actuators NMQ24A-SRV-ST. Idea of operation is quite simple both air
dampers operates backward in that manner that opening angle of each air damper is inversely proportional.
Staircase
Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
Fire-fighting lobby
Corridor
Air damper located in the fire-fighting lobby operates as a pressure controller. While evacuation doors are
closed excess air is transferred to the corridor via the by-pass damper and the pressure control damper
is almost fully closed. After opening the door by-pass damper closes and pressure control damper opens and
required nominal air volume is supplied to the corridor through evacuation door.
Staircase
Fig. 1.
100
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
static pressure
measurement point
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fire-fighting lobby
24V guaranteed
power supply
Staircase
24V guaranteed
power supply
Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
24V guaranteed
power supply
Staircase
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fig. 2.
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fire-fighting lobby
Ambient pressure
measurement point
(reference pressure)
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
24V guaranteed fire-fighting lobby
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Corridor
Application continuation
Electrical cables
connecting iSWAY-FCD
with Control Panel (TSS)
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fig. 3.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
101
24V guaranteed
power supply
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
fire-fighting lobby
24V guaranteed
power supply
24V guaranteed
power supply
Fig. 4.
Fire brigades
access level
By default iSWAY-FCD series units is supplied together with Control Panel (TSS). It is required to provide
possibility of nominal air volume intake, carry out all electrical connections (supply guaranteed power 3x400V
and Fire Alarm Signal, connections with Control Panel). To enable pressure control it is required to provide static
pressure measurement points in pressurized space and reference. In situations when it is necessary to control
pressure inside air supply duct it is required to provide pressure measurement point located at the straight part
of the ductwork in accordance with detailed SMAY company guidelines.
If pressure differential system consists of more than one iSWAY-FCD units it is possible to connect up to four
units to the single Control Panel (TSS). If total number of units is more than four units it is recommended to use
Monitoring of Operating Condition (MSPU) device together with standard Control Panel (TSS). According to the
fire protection regulations both MSPU and TSS shall be located in the same place e.g. monitoring room.
NOTE:
At the design stage it is required to explicitly define locations of static pressure measurement points in the
pressurized space and the reference and ensure air release path from the fire floor sized on the basis
of design air supply and exhaust rates.
Photo. 1. Static pressure
measurement point
102
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Fig. 5.
Key:
1 Housing
2 Fan
3 Frame bearer
4 Shut off air damper
5 Frequency inverter
6 Breaking resistor
7 Automatic control board (SA)
8 URBS
9 Merawex power supply unit
10 Smoke detector
11 Main power switch
12 Connection point of reference
static pressure measurement
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
103
Key:
1 Housing IP66
2 VRP-M Belimo controller
3 Pressure sensor VFP Belimo
4 Mounting plate
5 Cable gland
Fig. 6.
Schematic diagram of Belimo Smay Control Device (URBS) with removed front panel
Principle of operation
3
1
5
2
Key:
1 URBS 1
2 URBS 2
3, 4 Merawex power supply unit
5 Frequency inverter
6 Air damper with fast acting Belimo actuator
7 Fan
Principle of operation of iSWAY-FCD unit is based on application of Control Panels URBS in order to control
operating parameters of frequency inverter and the actuator.
Basing on static pressure difference inside the air supply duct and the reference URBS generates control signal
which is transmitted to the built-in controller of frequency inverter (feedback). Basing on measured static
pressure difference proportional to the analog signal value PID controller algorithm of frequency inverter
controls fan rotational speed in order to achieve required pressure difference corresponding to the air supply
rate. Basing on the static pressure difference between protected space and the reference URBS generates
control signal which is transmitted to the actuator of autonomous control air damper operating as a local
pressure controller.
104
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Application of iSWAY-FCD series unit enables automatic adaptation of pressure differential system to the
changes during evacuation with simultaneous reduction of energy consumption due to the temporary reduction
of fan rotational speed (capacity). Additionally iSWAY-FC units may be used in continuous operation mode
to ventilate industrial buildings staircases e.g. heat gains removal.
iSWAY-FC unit switches to the operation mode after receiving Fire Alarm Signal (SAP) from fire alarm control
and indicating equipment (CSAP). Air supply fan is activated with a time delay required to open the shut off
damper located in the Air Supply Module (ZN). Opening of shut off damper is realized by means of the return
spring after cutting off power supply of an actuator. By the time the air supply fan is activated shut off air damper
shall be open. In operation mode (pressurization) pressure difference is continuously controlled by means
of air supply rotational speed and autonomous damper position regulation. To ensure proper operation
of iSWAY-FCD unit it is required to provide 24V guaranteed power supply of each pressure controller actuator
and pressure difference measurement between the fire-fighting lobby and the reference.
In Operation Mode smoke presence in the housing is also monitored. In case of smoke detection unit
is automatically switched off or pressurization is continued with a use of second air intake Dual Air Intake
System (DAIS) Module. Smoke detection alarm is indicated at the Control Panel (TSS) of iSWAY-FCD unit.
Operating modes
1. Stand-by Mode: shut off air damper is closed, control air damper open;
2. Operation Mode: after receiving Fire Alarm Signal from fire alarm control and indicating equipment (CSAP)
power supply of shut off damper actuator is decayed and damper is opened by means of the return spring,
air supply fan is activated with set time delay, two stage automatic pressure regulation is carried
out by means of frequency inverter and motorized air damper operating as a pressure controller.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
105
Fig. 8.
Table 1.
0
Size
1
2
H1
[mm]
2200
[mm]
1100
[mm]
1000
[mm]
1100
[mm]
1100
[mm]
900
[mm]
800
[mm]
700
2200
2600
1400
1700
1200
1500
1100
1400
1100
1200
1100
1400
1000
1300
1000
1300
0.3
0.12
1.17
1.20
1.24
2.31
2.39
2.47
Capacity
Static pressure
[Pa]
[ m /h ]
3 000
12 000
17 000
20 000
24 000
31 000
39 000
47 000
900
550
390
400
400
410
470
430
Supply
voltage
Active
power
Apparent
power
[V]
[kW]
[kW]
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3,4
5,4
5,4
7,3
9,6
9,6
14,0
18,7
3,8
6,0
6,0
8,1
10,7
10,7
15,6
20,7
Current unit
protection
Suggested
protection
Weight
FWC-10A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-32A10F
FWC-40A14F
gG 16 A
gG 20 A
gG 20 A
gG 20 A
gG 25 A
gG 25 A
gG 40 A
gG 50 A
505
515
630
640
650
900
920
935
[kg]
106
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 9.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 10.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig.11.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
107
airflow [m /h]
Fig.12.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig.13.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig.14.
108
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
airflow [m /h]
Fig.15.
airflow [m /h]
Fig.16.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
109
Elastic connector
Air outlet
Air inlet
Air outlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Roof panel
Roof panel
Air outlet
Air outlet
Air inlet
Air inlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Fig. 17.
Cable
type
Table 2
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads
Monitoring room
Table 2
Key:
Unit
Cable A1
Fig. 18.
110
Block diagram of electrical connections between single iSWAY-FCD unit and Control Panel (TSS)
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 19.
Block diagram of electrical connections between two iSWAY-FCD units and Control Panel (TSS-2)
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 20.
Block diagram of electrical connections between three iSWAY-FCD units and Control Panel (TSS-3)
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
111
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 21.
Block diagram of electrical connections between four iSWAY-FCD units and Control Panel (TSS-4)
NOTE: It is possible to connect iSWAY-FC, iSWAY-FCD and iSWAY-FCR within one pressure differential
system.
Assembly on-site
iSWAY-FCD units can be located at concrete floors (internal or external assembly) on the frame bearer with
vibroisolation. Where units are assembled on structural steelworks vibration damping mat shall be applied.
In case of rooftop location Big Foot roof support system shall be ensuring vibrations damping, unit leveling
which doesn't penetrate the roof surface.
112
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version 5.1.4
By default each iSWAY-FCD unit is equipped with Control Panel (TSS) enabling change of operational
parameters settings as well as continuous monitoring of pressure difference and alarm signals.
Before unit is activated following operations shall be carried out:
- iSWAY-FCD unit and ductworks connections assembly;
- Control Panel (TSS) assembly on the fire brigades access level e.g. monitoring room;
- Guaranteed power connections 3x400V;
- electrical connections between iSWAY-FCD unit and the Control Panel (TSS) in accordance with SMAY
company guidelines;
- Fire Alarm Signal (SAP) connections;
- providing nominal air supply rate and air release paths from the fire floor in order to achieve design
parameters in terms of pressure difference and air velocities;
- pressure measurement points location in the pressurized, reference space, optionally in air supply duct
and connections to the appropriate pressure sensors.
After listed operations are finished SMAY company engineers perform initial start-up of the unit and operating
parameters calibration basing on the on-site measurements.
SMAY company provides full support at each stage of assembly works and start-up operations.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
113
Straight duct
Mounting
plate
Seal
Inspection
hole
Actuator
Belimo BLE24
Junction box
Cable
gland
Sheet
metal section
Size
Fig. 26.
114
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
<V>
<X>
<M>
unit location:
none inside the building (internal assembly)
O
outside the building (external assembly)
<A>
control system:
none standard control system
C
modified to control Dual Air Intake System (DAIS)
Y
primary unit control system
Z
redundant unit control system
S
custom-made control system
<P>
finish: *
none finish
SL
painted steel
<RAL>
Ordering iSWAY-FCD unit it is required to give code symbol in accordance with above instruction.
Additionally:
nominal pressure difference between pressurized space and the reference shall be defined
(optionally pressure difference between air supply duct and the reference);
exact location of the unit taking into consideration local on-site assembly requirements.
Order example:
iSWAY FCD 1.20 L - O - Z SL9010
nominal pressure difference 50 Pa , 5 pressurized lobbies,
electronically controlled air transfer flat roof bearer frame assembly
NOTE: In case of more than four units pressure differential system suggests application of Operating Conditions Monitoring
Device (MSPU) connected with Control Panel (TSS) to provide components integration and monitoring.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
115
116
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
iSWAY-FCR
Functionality and reliability confirmed in an independent Laboratory
of Institute of Industrial Aerodynamics GmbH at the Aachen University
of Applied Sciences (I.F.I.) in accordance with latest version
of prEN 12101-6 European Standard testing procedure.
118
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version 5.1.4
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
Fig. 1.
Pressure distribution stabilization inside heated high-rise building staircase during winter period with application
Fig. 2.
iSWAY-FCD
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
Pressure distribution stabilization inside air conditioned high-rise building staircase during winter period
with application of forced airflow SAFETY WAY system
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
119
iSWAY-FCR
iSWAY-FCD
Fig. 3.
iSWAY-FCD
Nominal airflow at evacuation door on fire floor with application of forced airflow SAFETY WAY system
NOTE:
In order to determine detailed operating parameters of SAFETY WAY system by default CFD simulations
of heat and mass transfer are carried out e.g. total fans capacities, locations of air inlet/outlet points.
For standard staircase geometry where which total height exceeds 35 m it is assumed to provide additional air
supply point per each ten floors. Additional air volume is supplied with standard iSWAY-FC unit calibrated
to maintain 30 35 Pa of pressure difference between protected space and the fire floor. Pressure drop after
opening evacuation door results in supplying fixed airflow rate through additional air inlet points.
Application
iSAFETY WAY-FCR (iSWAY-FCR ) compact pressurization unit is a part of SMAY company offer as regards
smoke and heat control systems. iSWAY-FCR can be applied to vertical escape routes such as tall and high-rise
building staircases keeping them free of smoke and ensuring safe evacuation from the building in case of fire.
Moreover application of iSWAY-FCR ensures obtaining stable pressure distribution, normative pressure
gradient and directed airflow between escape route and fire floor in wide range of buildings regardless
of ambient conditions during the fire. Due to a simple structure iSWAY-FCR can be located almost anywhere
in the building additionally active control system allows to monitor actual value of pressure difference and
failure detection as well as to reduce total time required to perform acceptance and maintenance tests.
Application of Belimo Smay Control Devices (URBS) controlling operation of frequency inverter and pressure
controller actuator allows to eliminate mechanical barometric dampers used to control pressure in protected
space. It is particularly important in case of pressurization systems with large air supply rates required where
due to the considerable dimensions of overpressure dampers location and assembly of such devices may by
hindered or impossible.
120
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version 5.1.4
Fire-fighting lobby
Corridor
Staircase
Static pressure
Static pressure
Staircase
Fire-fighting lobby
Corridor
Due to the compact structure and relatively small dimensions iSWAY-FCR units may be located in almost any
place in the building e.g. ventilation engine rooms, rooftop location, ground level. Wide range of air supply fans
with different characteristics in terms of capacity and static pressure covers variety of standard applications.
Corridor
Fire-fighting lobby
Staircase
Static pressure
Staircase
Fire-fighting lobby
Static pressure
Corridor
Simultaneous pressurization of fire-fighting lobby and staircase with iSWAY-FCR units application
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Simultaneous pressurization of fire-fighting lobby and staircase with iSWAY-FCR units application and additional
air supply unit iSWAY-FC
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
121
Staircase
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
pressurized space
Static pressure
measurement
point inside
pressurized space
Ambient pressure
measurement point
(reference pressure)
Fig. 6.
Fire brigades
access level
By default iSWAY-FCR series units is supplied together with Control Panel (TSS). It is required to provide
possibility of nominal air volume intake, carry out all electrical connections (supply guaranteed power 3x400V
and Fire Alarm Signal, connections with Control Panel). To enable pressure control it is required to provide static
pressure measurement points in pressurized space and reference. In situations when it is necessary to control
pressure inside air supply duct it is required to provide pressure measurement point located at the straight part
of the ductwork in accordance with detailed SMAY company guidelines.
If pressure differential system consists of more than one iSWAY-FCR units it is possible to connect up to four
units to the single Control Panel (TSS). If total number of units is more than four units it is recommended to use
Monitoring of Operating Condition (MSPU) device together with standard Control Panel (TSS). According to the
fire protection regulations both MSPU and TSS shall be located in the same place e.g. monitoring room.
NOTE:
At the design stage it is required to explicitly
define locations of static pressure measurement
points in the pressurized space and the reference
and ensure air release path from the fire floor
sized on the basis of design air supply and exhaust
rates.
Photo. 1. Static pressure
measurement point
122
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version 5.1.4
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
123
Fig. 7.
Key:
MW Fan Module
MR Control Module
1 Housing
2 Fan
3 Frame bearer
4 Shut off air damper
5 Pressure control damper
6 Frequency inverter
7 Breaking resistor
8 Automatic control board (SA)
9 URBS
10 Merawex power supply unit
11 Smoke detector
12 Main power switch
13 Connection point of static pressure
measurement inside protected space
14 Connection point of reference
static pressure measurement
Key:
1 Housing IP66
2 VRP-M Belimo controller
3 Pressure sensor VFP Belimo
4 Mounting plate
5 Cable gland
Fig. 8.
Schematic diagram of Belimo Smay Control Device (URBS) with removed front panel
Idea of operation
4
6
Fig. 9.
124
10
Key:
1 URBS 1
2 URBS 2
3 URBS 3
4 URBS 4
5, 6 Merawex power supply unit
7 Frequency inverter
8 Air damper with fast acting Belimo actuator 1
9 Air damper with fast acting Belimo actuator 2
10 Fan
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Idea of operation of iSWAY-FCR unit is based on application of Control Panels URBS in order to control
operating parameters of frequency inverter and the actuator.
Basing on static pressure difference inside the air supply duct and the reference URBS generates control signal
which is transmitted to the built-in controller of frequency inverter (feedback). Basing on measured static
pressure difference proportional to the analog signal value PID controller algorithm of frequency inverter
controls fan rotational speed in order to achieve required pressure difference corresponding to the air supply
rate. Basing on the static pressure difference between protected space and the reference URBS generates
control signal which is transmitted to the actuator of control air damper. Control air damper is opened or closed
in order to achieve set value of overpressure inside the protected space. Two stage regulation, rough by means
of frequency inverter and precise one by means of motorized air damper ensures accurate control of pressure
difference and additionally protects pressure differential system against oscillations.
Application of iSWAY-FCR series device enables automatic adaptation of pressure differential system to the
changes during evacuation with simultaneous reduction of energy consumption due to the temporary reduction
of fan rotational speed (capacity). Additionally iSWAY-FCR units may be used in continuous operation mode
to ventilate industrial buildings staircases e.g. heat gains removal.
iSWAY-FCR unit switches to the operation mode after receiving Fire Alarm Signal from fire alarm control and
indicating equipment (CSAP). Air supply fan is activated with a time delay required to open the shut off damper
located in the Fan Module (MW). Opening of shut off damper is realized by means of the return spring after
cutting off power supply of an actuator. By the time the air supply fan is activated shut off air damper shall be
open. In operation mode (pressurization) pressure difference is continuously controlled by means of air supply
rotational speed and damper position regulation.
In Operation Mode smoke presence in the housing is also monitored. In case of smoke detection unit
is automatically switched off or pressurization is continued with a use of second air intake Dual Air Intake
System (DAIS) Module. Smoke detection alarm is indicated at the Control Panel (TSS) of iSWAY-FC unit.
Operating modes
1. Stand-by Mode: shut off air damper is closed, control air damper open;
2. Operation Mode: after receiving Fire Alarm Signal from fire alarm control and indicating equipment (CSAP)
power supply of shut off damper actuator is decayed and damper is opened by means of the return spring, air
supply fan is activated with set time delay, two stage automatic pressure regulation is carried out by means
of frequency inverter and motorized air damper operating as a pressure controller.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
125
Fig. 10.
Table 1.
Size
1
2
H1
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[kg]
2300
2600
1400
1700
1300
1500
1200
1400
1100
1200
1200
1400
1100
1300
1000
1300
Operating parameters
Table 2.
Capacity
3
1.21
1.23
1.27
2.33
2.43
2.54
[ m /h ]
21 000
23 000
27 000
33 000
43 000
54 000
Static pressure
[Pa]
250
250
250
250
250
250
Supply
voltage
Active
power
Apparent
power
[V]
[kW]
[kVA]
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
3x400
5,4
7,3
9,6
9,6
14
18,7
6
8,1
10,7
10,7
15,6
20,7
Current unit
protection
Suggested
protection
Weight
FWC-16A10F
FWC-16A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-20A10F
FWC-32A10F
FWC-40A14F
gG 20 A
gG 20 A
gG 25 A
gG 25 A
gG 40 A
gG 50 A
[kg]
670
680
685
930
955
970
126
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version 5.1.4
airflow [m /h]
Fig. 11.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 12.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 13.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
127
airflow [m /h]
Fig. 14.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 15.
airflow [m3/h]
Fig. 16.
128
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Elastic connector
Air outlet
Air inlet
Air outlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Roof panel
Roof panel
Air outlet
Air outlet
Air inlet
Air inlet
Elastic connector
Elastic connector
Fig. 17.
Cable
type
Table 2
Table 2
Unit
Monitoring room
Cable A1
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Fig. 18.
Block diagram of electrical connections between single iSWAY-FCR unit and Control Panel (TSS)
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
129
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 19.
Block diagram of electrical connections between two iSWAY-FCR units and Control Panel (TSS-2)
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Differential static pressure
measurement flexible PVC
tubing O6mm
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 20.
130
Block diagram of electrical connections between three iSWAY-FCR units and Control Panel (TSS-3)
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
Key:
Control Panel (TSS)
Monitoring room
WIRING
Schematic
mark
Table 2
Cable
type
Table 2
Unit
Cable A1
Cables:
Fire Alarm Signal (NC)
Unit operation (NO)
Failure (NC)
Analog signal (pressure 2-10V)
Control leads (fair-lead)
Control leads (indywidualny)
Fig. 21.
Block diagram of electrical connections between four iSWAY-FCR units and Control Panel (TSS-4)
NOTE: It is possible to connect iSWAY-FC, iSWAY-FCD and iSWAY-FCR within one pressure differential
system.
Assembly on-site
iSWAY-FCR units can be located at concrete floors (internal or external assembly) on the frame bearer with
vibroisolation. Where units are assembled on structural steelworks vibration damping mat shall be applied.
In case of rooftop location Big Foot roof support system shall be ensuring vibrations damping, unit leveling
which doesn't penetrate the roof surface.
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
131
After listed operations are finished SMAY company engineers perform initial start-up of the unit and operating
parameters calibration basing on the on-site measurements.
SMAY company provides full support at each stage of assembly works and start-up operations.
132
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4
PS air damper
Mounting
plate
Seal
Inspection
hole
Actuator
Belimo BLE24
Junction box
Cable
gland
Sheet
metal section
Size
Fig. 24.
Type
S/N
Year
V
P
version 5.1.4
w w w. s m a y. p l
133
<V>
<X>
<M>
unit location:
none inside the building (internal assembly)
O
outside the building (external assembly)
<A>
control system:
none standard control system
C
modified to control Dual Air Intake System (DAIS)
Y
primary unit control system
Z
redundant unit control system
S
custom-made control system
<P>
finish: *
none finish
SL
painted steel
<RAL>
Ordering iSWAY-FCR unit it is required to give code symbol in accordance with above instruction.
Additionally:
nominal pressure difference between pressurized space and the reference shall be defined
(optionally pressure difference between air supply duct and the reference);
exact location of the unit taking into consideration local on-site assembly requirements.
Order example:
134
w w w. s a fe t y w a y. p l
version 5.1.4