bGdG IQGOEG a

(dG QGd dEG)

OGYEGh L
jdG fi H GY H fi

`g1430 ,dG e
dG AKCG WdG a G e Sa

GY fi ,jdG
-.jdG GY fi /.(dG QGd dEG) bGG IQGOEG a
`g1430 ,VjdG
.S 21 * 14 ;U 320
978-9960-54-603-2 :eOQ
GdG .CG
YCG IQGOEG `1
1430 / 352
658 jO
1430 / 352 :GjEG bQ
978-9960-54-603-2 :eOQ
hCG dG
2010 / `g1431

Td Xfi YdG M

e :jRdG
HhdG e a G jW WJ - dG - VjdG
4650129 ca /4654424 - 4160018 Jg
11595 edG 62807 .U

d
TdG
G H L - dG dG QT - VjdG
2937588 ca /2937581 - 2937574 Jg
11517 edG 67622 .U

fhcEG fcCG AGS ,`SGh hCG `` T CG f hCG dG Gg QG`` UEG IOYEH `` j

,LSGh jdG hCG ,dG hCG zHcJa{ dH jdG dP ,fe hCG
.TdG e N PEG hO

IOe q YCG TCG fCGh ,gP Y CGj hCG ,H Qr `` j

dG Gd e gPCG dh ,MC dG LhCG CG dG Gg
YGjEGh IO`` dG L Y Fg IQbh `` HjEG KCG `` e
EGh ,G j SdG j e PEG ;d j e `` b
.hhP gC dG j
e d ;GdGh dG d bCG e W JCjh
OjC
m G e d `` ;FHCGh LhRh ,JM `` KCJh `` a
NCG adGh eH `` NCG c ,QeCG e EG `` aO
c MU eCG `` bU Y H AGdG `` MCG QcdG
a{ c MU GhQd ehO IQ`` cdGh zdG bdG{
Lh{ `` c dDe jh QGR`` e fBG Q`` cdGh z`` WdG
Ib{ c `` dDe jQ L EG I`` dGh z`` G `` jdG
H OL eh ebCG Hq O a JGAGb fc PEG ;z`` dG
,ADg c Ea ,JM Gh dG KCdG `` d FGb
`` YO hCG IQ`` e hCG CGQ hCG I`` H OhR `` `` gZ EGh
KCG dH d c dEG CH e ej
k dCG hCG GbG hCG e
.dG Gg gCG JM

Gk OL `` dGh `` cdH `` NCG CG `n ` fCG `` a `n ` fCG EGh

Gg `` d ,RQ`` H QhOh `` gX `` SEG `` d c `` d
e dG `` H dJ e `` FS EGh ,`` a `` dG
:gh ,dDeh c
HSCG jdG

.fi fi c M .O
jdG LGG

.f Se ``Sj ``gGHEG .CG

.d`dG `Z OY O``fi .CG
.g`T e`S eS ``U .CG
dG GNEG

.`dG `fi MCG ``dN . CG

dG J

.GNdG e Va fi .CG
dG LGG

.G e M jQS .CG

SG
TCG Y `` dGh IdGh ,dG Q `` G
,LCG Uh dBG Yh fi f SGh A`` fCG
Gg jj H VCG CG j ,dG QdG NCG a ,`` Hh
Gh FSdG `` e Y H UN gh ,`` dG
AedG `` H e `` Uh `` b `` dG `` fhdEGh `` bQdG
gh ,dG `` dGh ,GdG `` jJh ,IQGOEG ``
dGh jGhdGh dG GAGdG d `` UN
dG g GNE Th YO eh ,fdGh YdG
jdG `` U QH PSCG `` eRh `` NCG g `` e `` H
Y
qn bG dG H d HdG QGdG Y je hQ`` T
e d ;`` c FGhdGh `` dG g GNEG I`` a
Qd `` f g dG `` g CG c ,`` ShCG H `` SdG
e dGh ,V Jh ,U CGJ ,Ye
J hCG ,jfO hCG ,jO IFa hCG ,IY hCG ,Y hCG ,`` M
.S a hCG ,WN d
gLh M eDG dV G{: G b ch
FY I`` N d LNCG `` dG jG G`` a ,z`` H `` MCG `` a
k Gk OhT e
k QU M Qa ,AG dG c e KG
bh

,GS d OOQCG `` X b fhOOjh SdG `` j Gk Q`` KCe

?gj fqn CG dh ,f .eDG dV G :FSCG fCGh
OOQCG Ie `` X GDdG G`` g Y HLEd `` dhfi h
dG I`` LG dG `` Y J CG `` `` c `` G CG
zIQY{ `` d dH a ,`` M b hCG `` d H `` j
J CG fEa ,IG JeCJh aQeh JGN
H hCG fEG H dG HQh JGP IG GN
YGb bdG `` UJ e Oh a ,`` G
bGhh ,f dG `` G J g J CG ,`` eY
OQh b G d CG j dG BGdG eCG EG eCG
jBG J eCGh ,IQS IY KG Ie jY a
k j jdG
:G d IY S
k G
e `` jBG `` K `` a ,`` qn J `` G EG -hC
dPh ,G `` qn j fCH dSQh `` d G `` Uh
I H G F E D}
`` gGHEG A`` YO

R Q PO N M L K J
e eDG O`` Y EG G `` N h .|T S
} :Y k SdG JCG

.|

9
k jCG O`` Y `` Y

G `` eG `` Ve k ` `jCGh
5 4 3 2 1 0 / .} : `` dSH

? > =<;:9876
fS tj jdG jBG e jBG h .|B A @

,G qn Y b fS fCH Y Y Y `` Jh
Y G SQ HG M FG jM dPh
.|G F E D C } : `` db
J I} :edG j Y fS G eG `` Ve h
OY G cJ h ,|N M L K
D C B A @ ? >} `` Y H `` eDG
Y fS J cP h ,|I H G F E
} : fi `` Mh f
.|
AfCG `` Y jM `` dPh ,AjEG `` JDJ `` G CG `` c
OhGO f Y K ,UN
`` gGHEG BG Yh ,k ` `L
cj N `` FS Y K ,`` d Y `` Y K ,NCG `` LH
k} :dG `` Y FfCG `` e Jh fS `` be `` d

ut srq ponml
.|} | { z y x w v
; : 9} :`` db k jCG `` JDJ G CG `` jh

H G F E D C BA @ ? > = <
:dLh dW b Y jM `` db h .|K J I
y x w v u t s r}
G f Y `` jMh ,|~ } | { z
.|B A @ ? > =} :k jCG OhGO

d Y G AjEG Y Jh fS `` jh
j k ` `jCGh ,|& % $ # " !} `` G
N e `` Y j `` H Y `` Y C` `H G
} :`` eY
CG `` c ,|
G eGhCG e OY Y k J `` JCj a dPh ,MJ `` G
& % $ # " ! } : fi d Gk cJh ,gGfh
.|'
:

Y d Y jM A`` L c ,H Aj G CG `` c

A @ ? > = < ; : 9 8 7 6}
d c b} :J `` fCG `` c ,|G F E DC B
`k ` jCGh |p o n m l kj i h g f e
x w v} : d G `` LJ QWEG dPh ,IYd `` Sh `` g
.| { |} ~ z y

10

11
,HdG CG A`` fCG e J `` G Ea ,`` dch
} : fi b Y jM AL a dPh

cdG `` SSG `` Y Z `` cP `` a `` dh .|

.e e dGh G J FGH
dG Ld k ` `dN dG Gg `` j CG C` `SCG
n Gh
eh IFa GP j CG fS dCSCG c ,JVe AHGh
.bfh FQbh Jd

dDG

13

VdG N
VQCG Gk Ub ,`` Wh LCG e OhCGh `` LhR LQ `` J
G AfG Hh ,O`` dG GWCG Y gMQ Qh`` J ce
,p HZ QH Ve LhR CH N
np CGo IOdG A`` KCG h
H
G
m
n `` LdG J .dP AGq ` `L Gk c Lh `` a
baQ `` gT MdG `` dG h ,`` jjT `p ` Y `
m ` Mh
,j j fCG M GYh ,p d GKa ,dG e
OhCGh LhR e JM dP `` H cCGh ,p de EG `` aGa
.W H
m
Mh ,LhR aJ k eY n Y n N e j `` eHh
fCG GcQOCGh ,W H
m Gk `` e On Y fCH dM e q c C` `LJ
n W p ` `Y `n` ZCG
Y p LhR Ye `` j c ;IG J
Im QU Y `
p ` bdG LCG e J VZEG `n ` J ,d `` jDhQ
c Y AJGh Ip `` cGdG J K eh ,Lhd m ` `L
.LhdG bdG eS Y p aG H e d ,eCG d
f H UN ,jW Ik e fY f CG dP q c d M
Q ,MhdG G EG VhG n G OG G Y
n oJ
.G fi rep M hCG ,QOGdG nep dG J

14
dG

Y YCG ``f CG Ic ``MCG ``f

d Lj ``Vh Mh ,JRh JGg f
fh ,f e IOSh JO``S LCG e M
k Y ZC
n G
;FNCG h jNBG Y Y
r b
.gYe j c

15

`dG QG`dG
e dH `` j WCG `` e Y `` g `` fc
GR e NBGh e gMCG :jG `` d e jQe
Yh ,G QG Y j MGh W g ch ,j
J fCG ch ,G Z QG Y j WCG e iNCG
k eOb QdG jCGQh ,WCG jCGQh ,QdG G fi QG`` H
,QdG LJ CG Qe CG Qd GK
m EG eeCG dh
,WCG Y jh d Qe g c j QdG J eEa
k jh ,`` NBG QG EG `` gG `` J hCG
jCa ,Gk `` MGh W
?QGdG Gg Y J S dG FdG g e ?QJ
dG aCG CG ij e ,QGdG Gg f YO
jJ bCG `` Y Ggh ,WCG Y `` e N MGh `` H
g !?U QG`` dG Gg iJ j a ,WdG `` MdG e
q J b G QG Y j c dG dG CG fa
Y j dP eh ?QdG Wfl j M ;g `` dG
jdG jNBG WCG EG `` HG h ,dG `` j CG
QG `` dG Y GhUCGh `` de Zh h`` e `` q S
J j c `` Y Ie IdG g ,`` edG
WGbdG SdG GQG`` dG M ,dG `` ceCG
dG H ,jcCG `` He bCG d
qn jo ,k ` `jCG
Zh Z `` ZCG g `` fc dh M ,`` ZCG QGb `` Y
.dG g bCGh U

16

edG Q`` dG Qe `` j G`` fc jdG `` WCG

,QdG U YS O Hj Sh ,dP `` aj
QG j c dG dG Ea ,QdG Qe uZo fCG a
eY fe e j d fC ;cCdH S G
,G QG d fCG `` j fC ;QdG U `` j
fC EG ,Gg j G QG CG G e .IO`` dc
dG j d G Gg EG QdG Qe Jh eBG `` Z
Wfl EG gOjh ,c`` dG IH O`` j S H ,`` a
k ` a ,`` M
b ,WCG `` e Y I`` M P`` fEG e `
JM CG Y `` e ,cdG e e b EG `` eCG `` j
b d ,gf CG `` j dG dG GQG`` dH `` e
.FU Z j e IOY G QGdG CG Qf

dG
CGh ,k FT k FGO d ``dG CG k FGO cJ
Y WGdG O``HEG .k ``FGO k ``U ``d F``dG
e j e k dZ ``SGh j``G GQGdG
.Y
k Zp fCG ,Nh bGY

J dG e d fCG `` dG QGdG EG :f `` g
:JBG SCd dPh ,QdG Qe

17

U J
,d je EG `` LG MCG eEG fG G`` S e
dfG Hh .G EG de e k FGO aG cj ch
q j I`` c k ` `fMCG c `` aH `` J `` N ,`` HSCH
,Lh ILCG aO Ie GPh .f FdG e JGP aG
VG Y IOjR k H jY d OYCG FdG CG `` ca
G LQEG `` Y EG :`` d bh eEG `` qn a .ILCG `` e
:f bh ,iNCG Ie qn a K ,M e d fC ;FGdG
CG c .MCG H `` j dh ,Vh gR a ,`` eCG fG{
n
dh ,ILCG e G e dG Y aG cT
,H MCS Gk PEG ,`` G G`` g H AT `` Y j
.SCGh ,G e jg q YCGh
dh ,eEG gjj `` dG G Y aG `` bJ
FdG YCGh j eh bJ ,dG e j CG b
e SCG cCG YCG ,J :d bh ,k H jdG
jG eEG dCG :dCSh HGh FdG gNCa ,G
;ce EG `` gdG Ie e aCG EG ?`` G g
iQC ;Gk Y FGdG `` G YCG dh ,jO `` Y d
T ,aG e eEG f eYh ,`` aJ S c

18

dG
,JaJ dG a OhOQ Gk HCG if b f
hCG ,SdG Dh``S dG MdG BGdG f e k fMCa
CG j Gd ;SdG e fZ G``S dG MdG jdG
ql j
,bOU k FGO dh ,jNBd Ihbh k n e nq ep c
,Ja``J bGj ``e Gk ``HCG Qfo ``b ``fC ;A``eCG
Q ,gJ b H JGQGb LGQ ,Y jh
GvL Nh QKBG J f Gk U k aJ J
.e eJ e Yh ,Y

a !bG gQ `` e k VQCG j Och ,bS `` H

j :k cH YOh AdG EG `` fh ,Y d ;OY `` bCH
.k H jH jO HCS c ,CG

19

GcCG GfCG
jN CG LCG eG FdG ddG e
Gad ;dG u GAd NBGh G H dEG hO`` j
eh ,h`` J eh ,k ` `qn Xh `` e ,`` H G`` MCG `` Y
jN H dG eG J iMEG h ,dEG ...CG
Ye IQOe e jW GS H RdG gPSCG e
,dG JM Ic M G`` M CG Hh ,SGQdG
,YLGh OG QG`` SG GMh ,UG aQCG G`` dfh
e aCj `` e c `` W eGh `` dG GQ`` Y `` Hh
.JdG e dG d J dG IGh dG V
k Y PSCG Zh
e Gk c k jHEG j OY K ,b
,INa U GcCG ,dh T c e GcCG eh ,I`` dG
,SH G`` cCGh ,O`` Y LR G`` cGC h ee G`` cCGh
G e `` fc GcCG `` a ,`` jc G`` cCGh
g fc H ,dG gH fc K eh ,k fdh k J
.dG aCG dG dG e GcCG
e MGh c `` d ,GJ :`` Hd PSCG `` b
k jG `` e MGh c H eYh .I`` dG d
G GcCG CG M g :Gk O PSCG J ,`` H

20
GcCG `` fCGh ,cQNG `` Y bh dG `` g a
g e EG `` e MGdG `` j CG `` dG `` a ?`` jOdG
c e ,JdGh `` dG d j e dH G`` gh ,`` aCG
k dEG `` LH
Y aJ dh ,dG dh IdG g a
e MGh c CG M dP Hh ,dG G GcCG
.jNBG jCG dG GcCd k bGe c

fGh Gh XdG Ea ,IdG g IG fc d

IG GhOCG O gh ,GcCG g YLG
eYh ,``J ``f J (IdG) I``G ``Yfh
``SG ``Ua ``f fEa ,``dG ``Y ``a ``cf
G``cCH ``gG ``H ``fCG ``K ``eh ,I``dH
.IdH SH fCG dP Hh ,LdGh
a ,h``dG ``e ``j ``aBG ``g ``G
H e ``a g ``e Y G ``j ``SdG ``e ``f
ICGeG hj ,jNBG Y e k FGO bGj fC ;`` e
e LCG ICGeG h``J Z CG Gk e j ``dh ,``L
k Yf ``d jh G Y e j ,``LhR
k ,dG e k e
j fEa ,W `` ``SG e Hh
e .W e W d :jh ,jNBG WC k bGe
LG hO e e G ``M J CG ``d dG
.dOdG YCG g a ,dG e Z Y d

dG

21

?OCG YCG g
Y `` d ;dG c `` Y j `` j c
dh jh ,K ajh ,G U NCjh ,dG
U c h ,dG J Y FdG e OH k bWEG j
ajh G U NCj NBG T QGH j k ` `jCG
QJh ,LdG `` dd k JU j `` MU dh ,`` K
U `` NCj c .dG `` H dG `` eCG GA`` dG
HCG NBG dG CG `` MU Xh ,jW `` h
Y Hj `` HCG dP Lh dG `` dG A`` L CG EG ,`` j
k
?dG MU Y dG J GP :Fe
jh ,c
jCG e `` ch ,VG HSCG G`` W HJ a
.edG U J fCGh ,H dCG
:a ?dG Y dCG CG VdG eh :LdG a
Gk PEG :b , :MU a ?IG J GW Gk OQ e S gh
dG eh :MU dCa ?gOj LQ Y dG `` J np
LQ -T H- fCG YCG :`` a ?jCGH dG Oj `` fCG
Gk PEG :MU a .dG Y Jo CG j h ,OCG b
jJ g :MU b .f :b !?OCG b jCGQ g

22

dG
n r cn nr n ``Ur CGn ``
n r cn
nr ``n er CGn ``
n dG Op GDn ao sOo ``dG So rp jn sp

d LdG a ?OCG YCG CG ,OCG b e JCG CG

.edG

23

IOfi jhGR e
k FGQ k ` `SQO j CG OGQCG A`` HCG `` HQCG `` Ld c
Jf `` J h ,`` YH QeCG `` Y G`` j CG :I`` G
IT LJ `` M ,H e EG `` SQCG dd ;`` S
HG ga ,d IdG j CG e c e Wh ,Ic
ddGh ,HdG `` dG gPh ,AdG `` a cCG
MQ e GhO`` Y eYh ,`` jG `` UCGh ,`` dG
.BGQ e j CG e c e Wh ,k e L IdG
b H .aLh `` b fc IdG EG :hCG `` a
,ddG `` HG Jh ,AG`` Nh bQe `` fc `` fEG :`` fdG
jZ hJh ,`` L FGQ GP OhQ`` H Ie fEG :`k ` Fb
fEG :k ` `e ,dG UCG `` HG fCGh !`` Gh `` YhdG
ec Gk `` e CG `` a .I`` Gh QdH `` e `` fc
k C ;`` U fCH k ` `L
;fl Se `` gP e c
hCG Se `` T hCG IT `` Y CG `` j `` dd
c a ,A`` dG bh SG GPE` `a ,H `` be
IG IGh ,dG FGdG `` SMEGh ,HdG L
.jG dG

24
dG

e ``Se ``d ``j i``dG CG ``J

h ,``SGG ``H dG ``J ``j
CG h``Mh ,MGh ``e hCG ``be I``G ``Y
G C ; IG
q hdGh dG bGG a J
.aCG IMh MCG k JbhCG d j

25

bGdG ae
JCj jdG QdG a `` j EG ICGeG A`` L
QTCa ,`` d MGSG gh ,FH `` Vd e c `` e
EG Gk `` N :b e `` b h ,`` dEG `` gMCG `` a ,`` gH
YCa eb EG ,`` eN e jQCG :db ,G A`` T
EG gP LhR :db ?eG `` f e :b ,Gk QjO jY
:b ,Y N Cp ` `j hCG Lj h ,G`` S Y e O`` G
k jQCG :`` db ,G AT EG `` edH `` Lj G
gj LQ
CG jQCG fEa ,`` j K ,LhR fCG :`` jh ,`` VdG EG
h ,e gPCS :b ,jNCG AdG e YCGh h`` JCG
IM `` `j :ICG`` G db ,eeCG `` `bhh `` VdG EG `` ` ` gP
BGh ,G`` S Y e `` Y FdG LhR G`` g ,`` VdG
.j CG jj
b ,f :`` LdG b ?`` LhR fCG `` g :VdG `` a
VdG `` b ,f :`` LdG b ?`` J CG `` jJCG :`` VdG
IM j ,f :ICGG db ?dH `` VGQ fCG gh :ICGd
.dW g :LdG b ,W Gk PEG :Ld VdG b ,VdG
h ,GS Y Y Z LQ ,VdG IMj :ICGG db
,dG fh GS Y f jQCG ;H j h ,Y
qn `` j
?Y J h ,cJ GP :Ld VdG b

 ICGG `` g bhCG `` d :f j ,`` LdG `` b

k ` e c :Vd `` b K ,`` e
UdG SCG h ,`
,LdG b ,f Q`` jO dCG d aOG :VdG `` b ,`` dEG
, M dh ,Sh h fCG d :f j
dCG ICGG NCGh `` afG K ,VdG IM `` j aOCS
e `` bh b Lda ,Gk Q`` jO `` jY YCGh ,Q`` jO
Y df dG EGh ,`` Hc e AH `` j CG `` j
.k jCG QdG H S Sh ,X

dG
.bGY J k T J h ,J

26

27

dG
uedG `` WdG Y `` HCG `` e dG `` fc
n d r q `g `` dG p UdG Qo `` KBG fch ,MdG `` H b
n
l Gh B
l G PEG ,Gv` `L k VGh eCG
dG fGM e B
Gk H JdG G
WdG Y I`` e
o H eQ b ,gdG
qp
o ,q`e e H ,`` G Y
,NCG p en Qn o ` `NBG Hh

iMEG `` bdG gH `` L Hh dG `
r ` NCG
p
H Gh ,`` dG EG JOYCGh ,k ` `M dGRe dG `p ` dG
Jo Gg Hh ,dG k ` `jCG eQh ,iNCG f `` dP
B
p G e
p Y k T ;J gh ,dG EG YSG `` e
k gHCG `` gQOH .e
ap J d ,I`` jdG HG :Fb
q jo d -G`` dH fc d M- `` H PfEG EG . mA`` T
!ISCG d dC
p G p bGdG e k T
j b :K H dbh ,HCG U dG QG`` SG
p d j dh ,G p dG p d PfEG k T d
,o` `c n dG `` j fEG ,`` dG An dG `` f
,oc UGh
n
.c fdGh

dG
.n sdG nn r fn r CGn r ep l Nn k n r Tn nb
p fo Cr G

28
JM

dCSh ,`` NBG meY EG `n ` gPh ,GAfEG o ` `je `` cJ

g pH bC
o G fCG :`` dG edG tOQ a ,f GD` `dG
QMCG q o dP Hh ,dSG
o
m bp EG Q`` MCG
SG
J M
k fMCGh ,
p
q
l eo l Y gh ,QG
n
LhRh `` fCG Y `
n ` b e `o ` cCG dh ,`` G `` j
.Y hO e q XCG CG ep o aCG Y Ggh ,OhCGh
dCSh ,`` dK eY
m EG GA`` fEG o je `n ` gP `` gH
k ,`` Y ddG o edG Oqn `` a ,j q Y k ` `jCG
j gh ,Fb
.S p Wf Ap H bC
o G fCG !?H iJ CG :YCG EG

dG
,``HjEG ``jhGdG ``e Q``eCd k ``FGO ``fG
r
,J ``a ``f ``o h ,``J `` ``qh
.J fCGh ,J CG e J Ia

oM ,bGG ep be
n
m EG GAfEG je o MCG gP
,fa dG `` G MCG H
ej `` q dG nc
p
edG Y Oq a ?J GP`` e :dCSh dG MCG ep `` bGh
k ,Y `` jH
H p dG Qp MCG `` H bC
o G :Fb
n ` b c ,JH `` bCGh ,`` FGdG B
,q dG FQ
p G
o `
.G
qp Gg k bY o q JCGh

29

k d c
EG{ : G SQ b :db eDG CG FY Y
:db ,`` Z Y
q p`` c GPEGh ,`` VGQ `` Y p`` c GPEG `` YC
,VGQ Y pc GPEG eCG{ :a z?dP J jCG e{ : oa
Qh : pb Z c GPEGh ,fi Qh , :dJ fEa
EG gCG e ,G SQ j Gh ,LCG{ : ob :db ,z`` gGHEG
.zSG

dG
``eh ,I``MGh I``Jh ``Y ``J I``G EG
eh aNh gJ A``S j CG dG
e CG hM Y ``f CG a ,SdG H
GOBGh ,``dG ``Mh ,``bdGh OCG ``N
.jNBG e edGh ,dG

30
GhG

GS Y f SG SGQH Geb :G
k b GhQd ;QhO e Y KG e `` cCG GfCGh ,ec
Gg d ,`` HPG GfG `` dM HdG `` j k ` `aL
,jdG M eCG S CG Y k jCG HdGh H ,`` a
.je LQO e K EG J IQGM LQO HdGh
,f `` G `` ShdG LGh `` eY :`` jdG `` G
k `` UUQ `` bCG GSG GhQ`` b `` WH `` fEa
Y jH
.aG bCG
V HU e HdH Ie GP :dG G
CJ dG ZQdG jOdG gh ,I`` c e LGh
d `` j GPa ,`` dG Cd Gk `` f ;`` HdH
!?ICG jOdG e ZQdG jOdG

CGJ FdG `` Sf dch fc `` H :hCG `` G

g ,Ic e LGh LQG Ad MdG
SGH HdG Gj d AdG OGhQ CG J G
e j d G CG ,HPG GfG H bCG
?j GPa ,GMCG e M CH QdG Y dG

31

TCH j RL YH fHdG `` b :G
,jOdG `` NGH HdG `` Y d fl ,`` dG
k Gq Yh ,dG H jOdG hN N eCG Vhh
Y
.RG c dG ZQdG jOdG OHEH Ged ;Gk OL
eY HdG e UCG `` NBG e :jdG `` G
fhdEG `` Mh G`` JCG `` fEa ,`` f `` G `` LGh
LJ h ,QdG hdG Rh Sj Jb GVh
j `` H ,dG `` H `` jOdG h`` N `` N EG
g Jh ,AGdG afG H f AJ e QdG hdG
.G dG

dG
``G EG J h ,``G M EG ``fG
G jCa ,jCGh dG G a ,f
SfCG g !e g LJ fCG G ?Gk PEG
,``Sh j``S H ``G ``M ``YQH
``e ``G ``N ``YQH h``NBG ``gh
.e

32
QGdH SG

dH qn J `` e c ,GdG `` W d SdG `` g
GdG a dG h ,QdG j dG SCdG `` Sh
j h ,AH CeG QdG ?gT GPeh ?`` Lh GPa QdG
k AG YdG e MGh c `` Vh GP ?dG jCG ,k ` `d
e H
GPEG) :f b YdG `` e MGh c CG g dG ?`` dG
dG c `` Y KDj d `` fEa ,AG e Gk `` MGh k Hc `` Vh
CG j Ggh .(QdG jdG gCG `` S dG ,IdG
MGh ch ,dG de jYQ `` Z Y YG MGh c
MGh ch ,Z a a dG `` f jdG qn a `` e
k Ak e S dG MdG fCG X e
dGh ,dG e H
Y
qn G :`` JBc fc adG `` g H KM `` dG
bh j `` e Ghj h ,e dG `` eh ,jdG `` g
.eRCG

e dhfi k jZ k ` `W jdG gCG e GdG `` W

gNCGh ,jdG H `` dG Gh dG N `` LG
ICGeGh LQ c Yh ,jdG Sh Gk c Gk Qr bp S fCH
MGh c `` j CG H ,`` dG e k Hc Q`r ` p dG `` j CG
.MCG gj CG Z e O dG

33
dG

k
aJ Y J ,e
aJ LG
e LG ,``JGQGb P``JG c``Sh ``jNBG
,JaJ G H j k c``S JaJ
.FGQ FdG Sh

34

,dG VY S SdG e Y g c
G Gg b ,QGfEG HS hOh ICah ,e T eh
J GP :dCS `` h !d G G dG `` H
G G ATCG e YCG CG wM fCG :b ?dP
GPe ! g a Nj CH MC SCG dh ,dG g
?dG g Gj CG SdG Vj
a ,H UG G Aj e j cJ `` g EG
JG GPEGh ,`` e `` J Sh ,`` bj `` S fCG `` dP
S Z EG :`` f bh ,NBG H `` Y `` H
GhG g EGh ,MCG LGdH j b fEa ,LGdH j
fCG Gg `` a ,N J `` e eh ,k L G`` NJh
k L GNj CG `` LGdG a Gd ;G `` e j `` S
k IdG GS GhVG EGh M ,
.bEG e H

dH r o Jn

35

dG

e WG ``dG LGe ``dH J

hM ,j``SG cCG fCG ``J ``a ,Q``e c
} :``J ``b ,``J ``J ``e ``J

:``J h |
.MCG H j ``LGdH GPEGh (LGdH ``S Z)
,H a Gk ``e e iCGQ ``e{ : G ``SQ ``b
VCG dPh ,a j Ea ,fa j Ea
.J
q e M
q fCGh zEG

36

dG `` e c `` H ,`` FGHG `` SQGG i`` MEG

,eG HLEG GQhCG Rj FGHG dG d HdG
,PSCG j S d :j eJ MCH GPEa ,U CG H
eCG CN eH J `` fCGh IY e fK `` LQO EG
fCG dG `` LQO EG :PSCG Y Oa ,`` HLEG CG
IY CG ,c LQdG jQCG EG :dG a ,LQO `` e
,ec LQdG NCj CG `` Y Gk p eo dG ch I`` Y e
UH ,J j CG P`` SCG OGQCa ,e Oj `` NCGh
GPEG :d `` a ,dG HdGh `` jG edG `` MCG
H e) `` ec LQdG `` a ,G GJ `` MCG
.(ec LQdG NCG Yh ddG
.GdH A H dG JCG G dG h
c G GJ Gg :dG Y O`` a ?Gg e :G a
Y eCG L :Y Oa !?JMCG c a !W
JNCG b fCGh ,dG Gg `` d L K eh ,G`` dG
QN e G eCG c `` a ,eCG GbCG `` G CG
ANEG G j h ,edG LQdG dG `` j CG EG
.J AcH HYEG

bGG UCG

37
dG

H `` dG ``bGG ``UCG CG Gk ``L ``cJ

JGh ,a ``dG ``MCG GPEG GvL ``S g
.LYh MW eCG SCG

38

ITe AGdG Y GDS H YGPEG iMEG

, YGPEG eJ He UH ,d
Gfi dG GDdG Y HLEd b IFL g fch
:JBc
J A`` Y `` HQCG j O`` e `` g c
Yh ,`` a Yh ,A`` c `` Yh ,Aja `` Y :`` fl
LGhh ,fj OG CGH QGfEG HS hOh Ik Cah ,A`` MCG
Gjj d ;AdG MCG eQ ej UCGh ,Ic e
AdG e CG :`` g GDdGh `` fCH Gjh ,`` G Y
g e d ;`` eQ j O`` G X Y `` jOLG
?cf G
IFH R`` d Gv` `L I`` c `` JG `` YGPEG `` J
Y `` HLEG c `` e ch ,GD` `dG G`` d `` G
AdG `` H e eQ `` j S dG `` dG Q`` NG `` d
g e jCGQ `` fCGh ,OG `` X Y jOLG `` HQCG
?eQ j dG dG
PEG ,GS S gY `` W f e fc `` HLEG
!k fRh KCG ef :db WH

ur a

39

dG

``jH ``f CG I``c ``MCG ``ej

LGJ ``dG ``d M O``jE ;``W
e FW ``g d PEG ,``UJ ``VG hO
.M hO e G jOJ

40

,jQ e `` N GVG i`` MEG `` VG `` aQ

a ,jjCG `` jOLG `` e aQ ?`` g jj e :`` bh
a ,Gg aCG CG H dh ,e Gk MGh YCG S :d
jCG dGReh ?gjj e :dCS K eh ,bQdG eH
Y OdG ea ,G`` g a d GPe ,k M :a ,`` Je
e gh `` aQ K eh ,FGH `` YH bh ,`` VQCG
?gjj GRe e e :dCSh ,GdH eh
GfJ CG `` j :`` a ,`` dK I`` e `` jCG `` JQa
dRa ,O`` dH `` a e `` gh ,k b k ` `SQO J `` b
e N dGRe a ,b `` J fC ;`` fhjJ
fh ,VQCG Y f JM e IjY Ge .jQ
H hCG gfJG dG GQGdG H LGfh ,fCG Y
e d b fCH `` M a ,H dG h`` dG
CG ha , T fC ;`` b J fCa ,`` M
Y dH J eCG eBG N J ,Gk HCG dP J
.dG MCG

AdG b

41

dG

d Na ,fCG O e g AdG b
!dG aCG

42

;djEG EG dG UTCG MCG Qb GYCG H b

CGb MQ c b JOch ,bdGh ehQ QKBG YCG Ig
dh ,GdH jG `` Jg Y Ic MS k ` `ch dOCG
G QGdG dG `` e jdG Ic M gfG
j GPh (eJ YJh) ehQ FdG QdG
IcJ jd ;GdH G `` J EG gj CG `` Y c
.e fc dG HhQhCG QdG
Oj dG jZ H La cdG e dhf Qah
,G f G SCGh g dh ,j H Y
,Je H Y GdGh N dG dG `` Sa
k jOe N dG ia ,iL K hg CG EG e c a
bh Mh ,`` jj GPe `` a bd `` VG `` M ,I`` H
,VZ Uh H `` j NCG ITe eeCG `` dG
fi AYEG jj c M ,d g Y ej fCch
.ILCG IQS e dhf Qa e S dG

dG
j
q ``G AGQBG Jh ,KEG dG H EG
.V G jh ,fJ e

G AGQBG

43

adG o No
dG G AfG `` H LhR A LhdG `` fG
YS f K ,FbO `` Y e ,NCqn J d ,dEG `r ` n `Yop O
K ,bj h`` YG CGHh ,`` Y JG dG YG `` Y
Gfc jdG IYdG UCGh g EG nj h ec YS e
fCG jCG !dEG j ,Jh gQEG e Y GH e e fej
YGH `` j fEG !`` NCH L k ` `FGO !?LhR `` j
IQdG cQh M Gk NCG ,G e HCG c d ,k JH
H a J CG `` bh ,dG e J gh ,`` YH
d ;jQ fi S Y q e b fCH LhR gNCG
a ,f OLCG Qj CG j fCh ,`` W dG RG d
Gg Y `` La fi NBG Uh `` M ,e CG `` j `` j
?HcQ Y d fG g ,G fEG ,RG
g GPEGh ,G `` G Y Hb g GPEa ,dEG `` dG
!b WCG `` e ,jdG LhR j fCG `` e ,k e `` W
Y LMCG k ` `jCG `` d !J `` M dG `` J `` ch
k a ,je CG NCG CG H h ,HQbCG
JY EG ,b
,ZQ Jh O`` SEG H ,Jh REH S `` gh ,BG
Sh ,JU aj CG `` h ,U YCS `` fCG T a

44

dG
``ep b m q ``H t``dG ``d
n
``Hp ````n ` G ```ep ```b n``````S s````d

,QG Sh VJ EGh ,GG e G EG Lf

.dH LhdG JQNG e Ggh ,N Y S eh

45

G OM
j GPh ,O`` G gQe `` aG `` `` j c
k `` jG Qj `` V LQ `` dEG `` U
d c h`` jh ,W
:dG U K ,eQU IH FdG eQ ,k ` `YQe c
a ,`` e Y L `` K ,cGdG `` b `` aj (`` L)
dG h,bGdG `` eCH VQh ,e k ` `aN ;FdG `` bj
.adG aQh (L) a ,G QJ MdG
(L) cj j c ,G`` G Gg Y G `` SGh
g QGJ `` e cH `` FdG UCa ,`` aj h `` aG
j j h ,dG Y IQdG ah ,d M hO `` bGG
,LCG `` d jQJ `` ce EG fG Q`` a ,`` jG
dG Y adG `` VjQ Lh ,hOGh JGQdG `` Jh
MCGh ,c c `` jdG FdG dP j h ,`` dG ah
.f Y dG VdH
,aG EG dG (`` L) U MdG `` dG h
aj d :Uh ,f `` eQdG dH FdG `` Mh
,YH aG FdG bhCG ,IcdG b (L) YdG
(L) C ;TgfH (L) Oa !? h :Lh `` Uh
.aG cd GTG jd dG

46
dG

gOLh e cCJ e CG M hdG b

k G
!!UC

47
dG
G `` a ,`` bG `` fi EG `` U dh `` NO
.d KCG fCGh fG ,dG dh ZCG Gg :Hd

iOfh ,iNCG dG k a 25h j k gQO G Vh

.eh k a 25 `dG ddG NCa ,G Y VYh ,ddG
c h ?Gk HCG j ddG Gg :d bCG CG :G b
.f eCG Qj Ie
e k LQN `` ddG Hb `` G e `` HdG N `` eY
,e a ,ddG Cj CG IG aa ,c jBG fi
!?gQdG NCJ h ,Ie c k a 25`dG NCJ GP :dCSh
J `` gQdG a `` NBG `` dG `` dG C :`` ddG `` b
!dG

`dG
``Vda ,``U ``Y Gk ``U ``J
.SCG e eJ

48

IG jdH `` Je eL k eY `` jY b
ej `` H eW h`` j dG `` MCG c `` jeCG
Hh dG j c dG GU Nh ,dG aH
QNGh `` n dG Y dG I`` Y ;adG `` edG
,G J ,ee eY M gfG a ,WCG
,k jCG gc `` fCG VaGh ,I`` f hCG e gc `` b ch
.H RGTGh G Gf Oj k FGO fch
CG EG `` e c `` a ,IO`` M IH `` eQ `` j GPh
fCG g :fPCG gh ,b bH eh ,e HbG
U `` a ,QMG Gk PEG :`` da ,f :b ?`` e
.e g c H dh ,jN

dG
``dG fG e U``TCG Y G
.Ck N j e k dZ dOCG e IOG bGGh

dG fG

49
dG H

De Q IYO jeCG SeHdG MCG J

Y SGG `` M a `` fc `` bh ,`` Se hO
JQM Qjf Q`` e JQOe `` bh ,fG H `` gTCG
,Y S `` ShdG CG e jeCG `` LQG IQGRh
.dG ILCH fLCH UN a fSh
j CG`` H M ,dG `` aZ NO EG `` e G`` gh
SSG `` fahGh ,`` eYG `` dG I`` LCG `` Y
NGO Mh H ,SGdG NGOh dG ah MdG `` N
,dP e A`` T OjEG `` e SCj Oc `` Mh ,`` f `` dG
dh) fe S OLh Ma ,`` jdG f
jCa ,G `` adG VQCG `` e GRj (H `` M
,jb Tc MCG CG CG `` e c a ,dV Y Y `` fCG
b k Ff `` b K ,H Y H `` SCG j CG`` Hh
IQU S `` e YS dh ,`` d `` jS EG `` Lj CG
,dG HdG `` e k NGUh OSG G`` UCGh ,`` SEG
e XG `` HLCa ,M Y Cd ;`` YdG aa
SCG G `` dG S ,`` S j `` J :`` SG
.dG hG SCGQ Y aZ

50

dG

``j fEG ``H ,a k ``KEG ``d ``dG ``H

.WNh V G fJ

51

dG JEG
Wh ,KdG AGQRh `` G YSG jCG `` e j
gjh k c NCj CG `` jRh c e W ,k jZ Gk `` eCG `` e
fl `` e d dG G`` g C` `d ;`` dG `` H EG
MCH Gj CG `` e W c ,hQdGh QdG `` W
e AGQRdG SG ,NBG MCG EG ghj CGh ,G `` g
,dG EG fGh ,c e MGh c NCGh ,G `` W
e a ,G Vj CG Y UM a hCG jRdG `` eCa
dG j ch ,OLCGh G aCG `` e GdG c
.dG Ce M QdG e Gh
jj `` G CH k e c `` a ,`` dG jRdG `` eCG
d ;QdG `` j d fCGh ,`` d Lj h ,Q`` dG
qn j h ,gEGh H QdG H a ,AOdG e G
eCG ,JG c QdH `` dG Ce M ,SdG e `` dG
dG i j S G CG j a ,ddG `` jRdG
k G
.QTCG GQhCGh YCGh FH dG Ca ,UC
e ,KdG AGQRdH JDj CG G eCG MdG dG h
G eCG H AGQR`` dG LG a ,gL `` dG ScCG
,IM Y wc ,gjh KdG AGQRdG GhNCj CH OG

52
S TCG KK Ie e dG dG e e MGh c
,GdGh cCG Y CGh ,MCG a dEG j `` H
L dG Q`` dG W e cCj NCa hCG `` jRdG `` eCa
TY a `` dG jRdG eCGh ,`` KdG TCG fG `` M
a U e Y Gk e ,M bh V KdG Q`` dG
b k YL e a ddG jRdG eCG ,L dG QdG `` e

dG
``H BG fCa ?fCG f CG e ``f C``SG
hCG ,``dG YCG ``e `` CG ``jM ``d ,``fdG
CG G e eCj eY Gk Z dh ,G YCG
,Mh G dG dG dP ,b J
dG ``YCG W ``Z j ``S J GP``a
.fdG JM L
Gk Z ``S GPe :Qfh ``fCG e BG ``f
Ff ``j ,dG ``JEG CG k ``FGO ``cJh ?``S
YGhO ``fc ``e Y ``JEH ``Y G``d ;``FGQ
GPEG j G EG{ : G ``SQ b a , H``SCGh

k cMCG Y
.zj CG Y

.hCG dG j CG

53
dG

He QT c ,IFL Y G QGe Oqn J

SCG bfh ,U Hb jCG MCG h ,jdG IQdG
IQdG QhH Oj QGG CG dG Y a ,Y c Ra
fCGh ,fG IG QhdG J c :dCa ,fGL e
?HG faS fCG J
M `` jdG CG ,`` S j `` J CG :QG`` G Oq Q
GL Qj ea ?`` NBG EG M e `` H Jh ,`` dG
Y AG`` dG IKG `` dG `` M `` KDS `` jOQ Gk Qh`` H
k
YCG CG `` H a Gk L fi
jQCG `` c GPEa ,`` fi
.QhdG GfCG aCG GL
c Gk L Qj ,c fdG g Zh QGG G`` g
k
EG Gk L fi
`` j a ,IG g A`` TCG `` YJ
.L fi fEG Y fGL YS GPEG

dG
a ,IYdG g J IG Me c
Y jNBG Yj CG a S dG jj
,IO``S dG jj ``e Yh ,``S ``dG
;IO``S dG Y ``jNBG Y``j CG ``a
.dG IOH Je OdG IOS C

54
CGSCGh dG

fCH `` NCG ,`` jjT SCGh `` H ,`` G `` eCG

,G G e Lh a ,`` jG jU e Hg
fPCG j `` dG GbCG e `` ZdH ,GvL d `` gh
,IdG LGQOh `` L Y IdG `` TdG TCGh `` fCGh
fEG : j gh ,`` eM k jCG fCa ,eCG j a Gg `` dh
k e S fCG g Qb c ,IG GvL jS `` S
MCG Ggh ,`` e OhCG e dG `` EG jjh ,`` HdG
LCG e YQSh ,PDj G CG NCG d ,eMCG
a ,eCG j WG ,jcdG fhS jdG `` FbUCG
j a ,M LCG e RjEd AGhO AdG j CG Yf
c YCGh ,S IY N BG Y fCa ,J ,eCG
.OMCG Y d ;QhRCS e j ,H YCG

G HG
:JBG MG eC dG c dSdG NBG

,jdG Y `` dSQ La ,HG `` aZ CG `` NO

:JBc dSdG e c ,e jH JCGb

56
IdG IG

.IU Ie eCG C :OdG HLCG gY

dG
f ``SCd d ,``dG ``g ``f ``b
QaCG ef PEG ,O``dG Gg a e ``j c f
G ``MGh ``FGdG ``MCGh I``dG
dY ``e cCG ``fCG Y ``fQX ``N ``Md
.OdG dP Ie g c ,JfeEGh
,OG dG ``Y a j ``eCG Gg
,gCG ``cCG ``We ``Y j ``fCG ``YCG ``H
f CGh ,``bf cCG f CG ``f ``a
LCG H JM f CGh ,Y f SCG
.H eDJ e fCa ,f Ya cCGh

ch ,IH JQH j dG c Gk OU CG ih`` j

e GWSG j GPh ,jOdG FeR H M Ve
dH j G OdG CG GM `` eY ,k Z
GNU gY ,dG EG IdG dG Ljh ,I`` dG
!?dG dG eJ GP !? fCG g !?J GPe :a

57
G QMG

e iT RQ`` Je GL cH `` fH T `` J
:JCj e f ,FY MCG
fCGh ,`` dEG `` a cCG `` dG fdG I`` G `` g `` g
,JSCG Gk `` J jd CG bGdG `` dh ,OdG d `` edCG
f d .d c A`` dG H d c `` jBG hJ `` gh
OGaCG H jJ `` j M ,d c j `` c jBG
,d c dhS dG c jBG f Y k ej I`` SCG
fH IQS AG`` H Gk NDe b a ,G e `` gh
JMQ `` UCG G `` dP eh ,`` cT `` e I`` jL
a ,e `` c jBG AGd jdG EG `` edG
IQd OYCGh ,fa c jBG TCG eY fCG `` M
jBG f CG jTG GPEG eCG ,IQdG QhJ h ,G j
bUh ,GvL jOY IQ`` H QhJ IQdG Ea ,NBG `` c
.bCG a Oq L fCG
SQCG `` dSdG g `` fH cT `` FQ CGb `` eY
MU OGQCa ,IQdG MU `` fdG Se MCG
jBG AGd NCa ,jGhQ U Sd j CG IQ`` dG
Qj IQd GOY eYh ,fa c jBG iTGh `` c

58

e jJ `` aQh ,dP e `` fdG Se `` J

QGJ CGHh ,GMCG e M CH d e
m fC ;G`` j
ad bO Me J e k ej jd `` MdG
dG QGdGh ,j `` dG edGh ,k ej j dG
ch ,H J `` dG YdGh ,IQdH O`` bdG ch ,`` e
fdG `` Hh .jdG EG `` MdH J `` ee
k bh j `` fdG c jBG AG`` T CG Lh L `` dG
H b C dPh ;c jBG e NBG f CG AGT e bCG
HdG ee a j cQe HdG a fdG `` c jBG
dG g fdG C ;`` e Ic c LJ c ,`` cQe
.FHd Gh dG
G a `` a ,iNCG `` c jBG G`` fCG `` bH `` eCG
WCG k bh `` J K eh ,cQe `` HdG e `` G
CG gh ,`` G M e fdG `` Se bG ,`` FGT
,Ib Ie cfi `` bJ H iNCG Ie QhJ IQ`` dG
VG CG CG ,fdG c `` jBG AGT Y j e `` gh

HdG g QGJ Q`` bh ,fdG Se J ,`` cfi

,fl c `` jBG f Qj c `` d c h ,`
m ` d `` K
f CG AGT `` H jOY IQH QhJ IQdG `` fc `` dHh
.fdG f EG ,c jBG e

59
jBG `` H dh ,G `` a jj `` dG IH `` e
fi CG `` gh ,`` Mh `` d `` SG `` UJh ,`` c
Ie Y ODj CG j `` M ,Od ;k bh j IQ`` dG
AGT Y j e gh ,IQdG J IOYEG Y i`` NCG
VEG bdG d ,bdG d Gk f ;`` fdG c jBG
iNCG f Y `` d IQdG MU `` bj dG
.Ad ac Ie G jH S c jBG e

dG
G e a ,hJ c d k dZ QeCG
``J ``S dG dG e A``T e ,bdGh
.aCG H IQdG

60
G Hh G

k eCG j h
b G CH f jo c jW
AGT J e `` J LGSG J CGh ,GRk Y `` UCG
,jW eR e aL `` dG CG fL EG Gg ,NBG `` M
.T CH eOQ EG h
JYe e Wh ,`` fGL QGG iOf ,Ggh
dG e dG :MGh BG `` e j c ;`` dG OQ
jQGGh h`` H `` G CGHh .`` G aOh `` aG
,eCG OH .`` dG FdEGh jdGh HJCG `` L
H j `` NCG M ,j e `` M `` G QOCG
gfG bdG e b Hh .IdG `` Wh CG D ,Y
m
.ICa G U f G
NGO EG QG`` G f jQGG e b O`` Y `` H PEG
k
!X H e
G Lh a ,BGQ U bh ,dG

dh ,Y `` e H YQGG `` MCG M `` bh
KCG e CG `` e jdG A`` dH G `` LCGh ,`` aL
dN QG`` G c ,YS I`` Y Gg `` SGh ,`` dG
?G S c jh ,bG j

61

Jjh ,VQCG Y QhH ej HJCG `` Y S a

.YC IMGh IN QG g
,dG NGO EG ShCG j dG ,G SG Ggh
,VQCG Y a ,`` X a ,G X Y `` a
A eRdG I`` G Hh .YCG EG IN I`` N Jj `` M
Ib b `` M ,VQCG `` S e G `` bG ,`` dG
.H VQCG S EG H Uh H

dG
a ,``Y dKCGh ``YLhCH I``G ``J
M ;``G a e `` Y ,k ``M ``J
Y d g HJ ``e a ,Y J
J d ,J a ,JM jW IY Mh
J CH ``G QHBG YCG e J c ``d
IN ``dH JJh ,``X ``Y ``G ``g
.YC IMGh

62

UCG a ,cfi `` J Ic S `` g c
Gk N Gh`` MCG ,gj `` d ;AGN Q`` MEH `` dG
GYSa ,dG g e jo h ,IFa hO d ,NBG Y
k
M e MCG ,dG UEG Y b Gk RY LQ
G EG gPh Uh Mh ,GhOCGh O`` dH e Ic
e KG `` g ch ,SCG EG `` YCG `` e bH `` j
CG jh ,fbGjh RdG LdG Hj dG `` e
.d dG OJ d ;dG aj
gP ,G J `` e RdG LdG fG CG `` H
Y AhH j CGHh ,IU be NCGh ,OdG M EG
,d G OY M EG g eh ,G e A`` L
G UCGh ,fe EG bG OYCGh ,RdG gH `` b
e IQJa dG `` e SG SCG H .L H `` j
Gg e :G U ,UEG b jQ BG IH R`` dG
GSQCa ,dG g j k T j RdG Gg !?`` G
.UEG dH e IQJa e j dSQ d
LdG SQCG ?`` Y O`` dG c ch ?`` bJ GP`` e
dG :`` ddG `` UJ `` a c IQ`` Ja `` d R`` dG

JEG

63
e Jh BG J) J jCG ae ,(GQhO) bH
!(Gk QhO Jh fKh

dG
fh ,``f e g I``G A``T c ``K
.a f e ,a

64

je LhR Uh eY Gk OQH k TO NCG b GQS fc

NO Hh ,k TO NB NOCG S :d a ,QG e
,gT GQS LhR fc ah ,Sd je
gQL Lh dG a eYh ,j dG SH GPEG
EG j c SeJ dh ?jJ GPe :dCa ,SeJ
hdG JJ GJ gh ,eGbh dL e gH GQS
,GQS j d VY d :SeJ b gY ,SG H
J CG He QhO dCG YCS :b ?g eh :db
?a G L iQC ;hdG
He QhO `` dCG :`` d dbh ,GQ`` S `` a
fCG k M :d da ,e
m VY fEG k ` `M ,L a ij
,jQY gh ,FGdG gL id ;hdG d ch ,aGe
SeJ eCJ eY ,JdG gL J dGRe AG Gbh
M EG gPh ,QhO `` dCG `` gYCGh ,gG `` G Gg
He aJ dG G GH Ma gh GQS NO ,S
e je LhR `` N eYh ,g IHY I`` f iS
?dG j c e :dCS G

MQG

65

QhO dCG MCG gh :a ,SeJ fQL fEG :da

,gdG e a GQ`` S a ?ej b d YCG `` dG
,QhO dCG YCG d ,`` f :cCGh !?QhO dCG :`` dbh
SeJ CG Yh ,`` G LhR J `` gh ,SCGQ `` fh
eCJ CG H QhO `` dCG OYCG CH ,k efi k ` `e a `` Y
.Je

dG
Ac``dG H MQ``G ``MCG e ``c
.MOa FN bdG

66

k CG G`` G `` FGM i`` MEG QGhR `` MCG `` M

e a
q jo ,U M SGH HQo b dG `` dG
eb M
e c !UbCG h `` V SS `` g a ,`` eeCG
b e Q`` j CG dH j `` dG CG Gv` `L MG
gT !dP `` Y j e `` d d ,A`` j `` bh CG
g J np :`` dCSh ,e `` dH dG Qe `` FGdG G`` g
?d dhfi CH J h ,fe dG fGG
fGG `` g `` fc M ,k ` `M :Q`` G `` LCG
Y g `` H UCG `` fch ,IOdG `` jM `` dG
;f `` G dG `` M Gk b `` d `` f `` c ,BG
,gd ac dG dP OdG g fch .H Hd
a Y IQOb Z GJ fCG Ie fGG g `` Jh
Gj G CG O`` YG Y J H ,e Q`` dGh O`` dG
.e QJ CG Gk HCG h g ddh ;gj
fGG a .GvL k ge c :FGdG dP a
QJ CG dH J Fg GRhCG `` ad IdG `` dG
.fe a ,J d fCG YG d ,gOb e

SdG b

67
dG

I``G `` ,k ``jCG ``dc ``e ``dG

hCG ,f CG ``f fCG gOe ,YH e
hLY fCG f fC ,dH dPh ,k ``T f
hM .f h ,``j GP dhM fCG hCG ,``dP Y
.AT g a ,k T J CG

68
JGP J
EG k bhU `` L h ,J fi EG `` U a `` NO
.JdG Hc SCG

Y jJ jd dG CG ,JS{ :dG b
.zdG GH j e d{ :IdG HLCG ?zjM
gNCj dG ILCG H dH bCS{ :`` dG b
dP H `` VGQ `` fCH I`` dG `` HLCG ,z`` dG G`` g
.dGSG jJ h ,dG
k jCG `` fCS{ :bh ,k MEG `` cCG dG `` UCG
LCG jM Sh ,de eCG dG UdGh ,IG
HLCG i`` NCG Ieh .zG`` jQa H `` H `` je `` jM
.dH IdG
dG G MU a ,`` JdG bCGh ,dG J
YCG `` d :d bh `` dG EG `` KOG EG `` j c
VYCGh ,a HjEG jG g MCGh ,ddG g
.G d d Ua Y

GC Hh ,JdG QGQRCG EG d ;hdG a dG bh

EG j NCGh ,bd G MU fG .Jg JH
.dG jj dG KOG

69

c fEa ,Vd Gk `` Th ,{ :dG dG `` LCG

fEG .k dM H bCG dG d FGOCG e a cCJCG CG `` jQCG
.zdEG CG c dG IdG g Y YCG

`dG
``H JGdG ``dG G``g `` ``LMCG ``e
!FGO

70

Wh ,Q`` jf je `` H EG `` YCG LQ `` gP
EG dG jj fEG :j ,dG e k Vb QhO BG `` N
YCG LQ e W dG d .YCG H Ad HhQhCG
JQS e LdG `` qn S a Gd ,G j d ;`` fV
H dG eCG LQ a ,k fV dG EG jhQdhdG
dG b GHh ,`` S gLhh ,JdG `` bGQhCGh IQ`` dG
GV edGh dG FQ qdh ,k fV jhQdhdG IQS
QJ dG jhQdhdG `` JQS YGjE ;`` LdG Gg e Gk `` c
.QhO (5000) Qb k fV ,QhO (25000) `H b
dG bGe IQ`` dG `` jEH edG `` MCG `` bh
LJh S e `` YCG LQ OY YSCG Hh ,`` dG
H FGa e QhO (5000) `` e H bh ,dG EG
.Gk QhO (41^15)
GvL AGS f ,S :`` b dG VhdG je
H d !!GSG TCG He dh ,e `` eH
!jG UCG e fLh bh ,JHMh `` Jee
LH d fCGh ,QhO (5000) Q`` b k e VJ a
e g g ,S :j `` gh ,YCG LQ OQ ?dEG

YCG LQ AcP

71
jhQdhdG JQS jEG SCG SGdG Qjf je
`` H `` bhe `` gLCG CG hO Gk QhO (41^15) I`` LCH `` a
!?S e

dG
QG Ac``dH J ``fCG ``J ``c GPEG
.e cPCG g e g CG ca

72
QGh dG YGQ

,Gk U k dBG k SM `` dG NCa ,f :YGdG LCG

EG fGh ,ffEG T EG NOh ,dG JH `` UhCGh
j eN Y M M ,jeCG AdG dch be
k
hLh
eG H a K ,YdG QbCG Y `` bGG
Y M `` b c FbO `` Nh ,OG`` YEG `` eGH `` MCG
:d bh ,`` YGdG f dG K ,`` U (150) e `` jJ
d a ,k U dP ch ,dG `` e k SCGQ (1647) jd
dG a ,j dG h`` G QNH J :YGdG
Y bh dG GG NCG K ,dG `` H QGOh JQS e
.IQd G hdG Vhh QNG
W `` YCG CG SG `` d :YGdG `` d b `` FY
d a ,`` dG aGh ,h`` N J `` a ,Yfh `` Y
,U Gg :`` bh ,dG ga ,Q`` e fCG :`` YGdG
?dP aY c dh

e k jb J IjL gQa IQH ZCG YGQ `` La

L Y AT c ,dG M T e jh ,`` b
eZCG OY c :d b GPEG :d jh ,INdG dCG e
?e Gk MGh J a ,gYJ dG g

73

j CG hO g EG JCG a ,S :YGdG d `` a
GDm S Y HLE ICae d S `` K ,dP MCG e
fCG J H ,k S HLEG YCG och H ,Y MWCG
J CG LQCG ,Y `` Y k T J h H ,HLEG `` J
!JQS M e (c)

dG
Q ,a G ``Y Gk M ``d eG
.aeh M cCG dG b H c

74
aCG qa

b Y gh ,aCG CGH Y QTCG jQe MCG dh

.jMCG f jGH g fa ,a eb IU L

dG
h a ,dG Gk ``S J CG OQCG GPEG
hMh ,f dG YG H ,dG c J
k
,``S
dP EG ``SG e dG J dP H
,Gh IG G e H SCG M a
.Y J CG j a

k ej OGQCG ,Gv` `L SGh dhO j c k `` e CG `` j

b eGbCG CG `` Lh JOY Nh .jW `` jH MH `` dG
j k eSe QUCa ,IYdG dG G H eQJ
.H G QGT c H

75
YCGh YEG

H b k VGh ,IQY `` Y iMEG Y YCG LQ `` L

.zhYS cLQCG YCG fCG {:Y e Md fHh ,eb
EG b CG La ,YCH fYEG LQ q ` `a
YCG PCj CG hOh ,a jG `` Va ,b GeCG Y
eh ,fe EG gOYCGh iNCG IQY Y ch Md NCG
.GeCH CeG b b CG YCG M .jW
k T CG j dG G`` eCG OGR M ,YCG Y
Ca ,dG dP g HdG e S e CG QOCGh ,J b
f{ :JBG a ,`` MdG Y e g Y IQG `` MCG
.zdL jDhQ SCG d ,HdG a

`dG
J eY F``Shh J jW uZ
.j c QeCG

76

Y jh ,G MCG j c Gk `` f CG jo
OY Y j dG `` Y ch ,QTCG iMEG `` b Y
qn CG M K ,dG e
a ,VQCG Y GdR g
qb `` SG CG EG `` LMJh ,`` dG Y `` e `` H
dG H `` CG Y CG `` LLdG Xh ,`` Ld
jd `` dG Ic `` LLO YJh ,`` H Jh ,`` g
.J CG EG dH
U f e `` Nh ,dG a jCG `` MCG h
fCG j UCGh ,`` LLO fCG Y LdG H HJ ,`` L
MS j c `` ah ,jCG `` MCG h ,LLO EG `` d
,AdG k dY QdG e Y gT LdG b
Hb d ,QdG ADg e k dY dG j d `` a
iS fCG `` e :d Fb ,LdG `` e AGSG `` H
bJ gHh ,QdG e k dY dG J dh ,LLO
CG j h ,SCdG `` BGh YCG dG M Y `` dG
.LdG e jW IM TY CG H ,e

Gk f J

77

dG
,Gk SCG J ``dG bGh EG cQ EG fEG
h Gk ``f c GPE``a ,H ``eDJ k ``ah ``Jh
,eMCG ``Ha ,dG A``S k ``dY ``dH
Md ``G) ``LdG ``d ``J h
Y bdGh IQdG EG M(!dM ``
.jd JaGe dP

78

d Wh ,H JjU `` YO ICGeG CG `` jo
:dCa ,SCGQ hO c c `` dG CG jdG dh ,k `` S
S g d :da ,GvL k T cCG c bh ?dG e
dCd ;eCH Ja ,eCG e dP J fCG EG ,dd
k G fEG :da ?dG Y
:dCa ,eCG e dP J jC
Y dCSh ,`` H Ja ,f :db ?IOLe I`` dGdG g
CG ,eCG e c ,Y `` S Gg d :da ?`` dG
VCG a ,I`` U fc a `` WCG c dG `` dG
;a dG L Vh SCG M ;dG ShDhQ d
!dP dG e J Ggh

dG
,j CG hO AG ``j A``TCG e c k M
dG QeCG ``NCG e Ggh ?A``dG Gg ``aCG pn
k jh ,Y ``qj CG hO ,AG Y C``j
b
d ,k e JM ``e J b Ic A``TCG d
.ATCG J J

r G
aG K ,QOC

79

jd S
`` Y k ` `efi `` Y `` HGdG `` jd A`` S `` MCG c
Gg ,`` L `` Y `` J `` b `` L k ` `feh ,G`` YEH
ihjo h ,IMGh `` d iS eGYEG Ye `` Y nj `` dG
a ,jZ aJh `` QHG Y `` HGdG jd Y
H SCdG `` M TCG gh ,`` dG La dG `` J
YCG :d d ;SM e Y Nj jdh ,j fGfdG
EG `` Ua YCS `` d ,Gk Z `` eGYEG `` Ye CG
OLe `` fl g ,J CG `` feEa ,`` dSG
Y ,Y Q`` dG e EG SGM hO `` ML
e Gk Z JCS `` SGG Ea J EGh ,hG `` jW
k Xfi J CG LQCG ,GYEG NC dG hT
.G Gg d ,jdG a
,QWGeCG `` jL e dG `` cCJh ,OQh `` NCG Hh
fGfdG `` SGG QO`` Z ,e `` jd dP `` j `` fCGh
d ;dG G`` cJh SS G`` a CG H ,QWGeCG `` e
k ` ge dG `` L ,bdG Y `` j
CG j a ,`
GQHG `` g F `` Y jh ,OU Q`` WGeCG
d fCG Qb QN `` jd j h ,K Mh `` jb
.hG CGHh ,dhG e j

Y j idGh ,a S dG G j CGHh
a ,AZ cG eY eCG d h ,jGhRh Z I`` Y
Ma EG eh ,VQCG `` Y dH Im OH e H GPE` `a
QO jh ,`` S GOS EG `` j S EG OD` `J `` gLh
,NBG QO
m EG OD` `j NBG QO Hh ,iNCG Ie `` j NBG
AGdG f `` H j CGH CG EG ,`` j K j `` Xh
SGh p j QdG dh ,eCG f qH ,LQG
Uh b jdG f Lh CG EG jh ,jh ,j
Gk FM Hh ,`` gGj Oj VQCGh ,gdG `` dG `` H EG
OYh ,d `` e d `` Ua CG j h ,`` jW Ik `` e
dEG j H hCG `` f dCGh ,k e k jM `` LGQOCG
.Yj QWGeCG CG KGh d ,Gk FM ML
jh k `` eh k ee `` VQCG Y e `` g Hh
Y j dG H j p H GPEG ,k VZ FG `` eH
eEH CG La ,G `` j CGHh a ,Mj `` eb
j Oj k V k ` `HGOS Lh M MGRCG EG eh ,`` j
jN U S `` M k MGR SG ,`` Mj CGa ,`` Md
Lhh H ,f Y J dG CG `` d ;eCH MCGh ,`` e
,dN `` e `` dG i`` j CG `` eCG `` jH `` e I`` af

80

81

GOdG Gg CG `` Lh CG EG MdG Jhfi `` SG

Q ,a `` Hh M c j O`` Yh ,e `` jH `` j
,iS YV Jhfi c d ,NBG M e `` g c
.jh hj SGh , dGh
k G j I`` e c h
Im af EG j Ia ,Gk jL eC
d jf `` LJ P jW GO`` S EG Ik `` eh ,m ` `jjM
GW X Gg ,`` f fGfGdG EG OYCG GO`` dG d
Ieh ,g e Ie d J eCG QOGHh hfi j dG
jdG d ,eCG hCG eCH d MJ ch ,g e
. e jJh dH AJ
N e `` d h ,c `` dG d `` fG Gk `` NCGh
dG VQCG `` Y e gh ,J `` dG CG I`` adG
jCGh ,`` FdG Jhfi `` e eCG `` fi ,fEG `` jZ
Lh Lhh ,UdG `` SG a fCGh ,fG `` e CG
,g dRe GQCG :d jh ,`` dG e Y j Q`` WeCG
b ,QWGeCG jCG e OU fCG bJCG c :dG b
H JCG :dG dCa k bOU c d :QWGeCG d
d b ? b dG G jCa ,a hMCG `` G
!e Zh k Me fGfdG H c d :QWGeCG

82
dG

,bGYh HU ``d j k FGO ``fEG

b Ja ,``JM ``S g ``e EG ``j h
``U Jh ,``a ``dG ``dH ``S ``J
.k U Gk J a f eY

83

d GhRCG
M (GhRCG) d e p o aGo G i`` MEG
dG dG H eh ,H hR Q`` N gdG ICGd
Ua ICGd EG{ :G Y SCG M NG `` Vh
HGdG MCG e QNG h ,d IMGh Ie NdG
hdG dh ,e YCG NBG HdG EG gdG hCG
.zSCG EG
.d hR QN (GhRCG e) AdG iMEG NO
eDeh ,Y jd g LdG :eY hCG HdG Ne
jd g `` LdG :eY `` dG HdG `` Ne h .`` H
HdG Ne h .`` dWCG `` jh ,H eDeh ,`` Y
jh ,H eDeh ,Y jd g LdG :eY ddG
Jh `` ``J ICGG `` fch .G`` L Th ,`` dWCG
LdG :eY d HGdG HdG EG `` Uh bh ,OdG
Th ,dWCG `` jh ,H eDeh ,`` Y jd `` g
.G YCG JLhR hYjh ,GL
SCG EG !dEG j :f N ICGG a
Ne h ,O`` dG SG `` dh ,`` aGhCS ,`` dG
,Y jd `` g LdG :`` eY `` Lh eG `` HdG

84

I`FG`dG `fCG :eY Lh SOdG HdG Ne h

C ,HdG Gg LQ CG g d (4^363^012)`bQ
AdG CG :`` Y k fgH k N Lh ;HdG G`` g
JG fGh ,GhRCG e d Gk T ,gDhVQEG
.Gk S k ej d
p Gh
p fh ,LJ fC

dG
`c EGh ,jdG dG hP LdG `c EG
YdG):G Yj CG JGdG AdG
.(L e q V dGh K d d c

dh ,G`` L Th ,`` dWCG `` jh ,`` H `` eDeh

CJ Och ,k ` `FGO JLhR `` dR dY `` fehQ `` Hb
.OdG SG fCG EG ,HdG dP eb

85
dG S

M e G H `` YQe j LQ `` g c
d ;cdG dG j c j G ch ,dG
j CG j M ch ,BGdG CGj G IFe `` Y
j CG Y k jM c a Gd ;A`` T c L `` e
.j cM c
CG hMCG `` fEG ,L j :L `` G CS `` j GPh
LCG CGbCG CG `` dhM c dh ,`` J e BG`` dG CG`` bCG
e fCG fEa ,k T e a GPEGh ,e Gk c aCG `` fCG
?Gk PEG BGdG IAGb IFa e !G ZCG CG O `` a
Jh AhH da ,ICaG `` dG H j `` G c
H gPGh ,`` g dG dG `` S No :b `` K ,H `` e
e W e ddG a .AH `` e H p FG K ,`` dG EG
j CG b dG `` e j c AH La `` dh ,`` L
k ,G Ha ,`` dG EG
EG Jo CG Y j :d Fb
.Ho j eOdG IG dG
dh ,dG EG j CG h`` Mh ,Iqn dG G Oha
fEG : bh ,ddG a ,k jCG IG g J A`` G
MCGh gPCS BGh ,A`` G e H JBG CG G `` e

86

k ,M EG `` G `` a
IFa `` fCG JCG :Fb
n ?`` a
QOCGh ,dG EG ddG a ;`` dG EG fGh J
G dG d d ,fl UCG fCG hCG Id
a ,NGdGh QG e k e f S EG dG H
j e `` dH Gg :`` d b ,k ge `` ddG `` G iCGQ
e J bh ,H `` J b ,dG BGdG CGJ `` eY
J S Dh`` J M dh ,JjBG `` e M hCG ,`` a
.dG g e k e ,QGh NGdG e aCd

dG
pq fh ,``SQ EG k ``T ``f ``fEG
n G GPEa ,``JM
e nMh na ``e cJ CG OQC
.JM J CH a ,BGdG

e WCG `` fCG , :G a .Ak e `` d CeCG d ,`` ddG

Gk L J fCG hj ,AG e S W fCG ,AG e Gk dO
Y H o d ,M e G N `` K ,dh j k ac
Y fCH k be G c ,AH `` dG Ae Y J
Ca ;dG `` HdH L `` jo CG OGQCG `` dh ,`` e
j gh ,jd ;L EG YS bCH iL K ,Ae dG
k
.IFa ?jCGQCG :Fb

87

dG MU
YV EG A`` a ,k ` `Ye j CG `` SdG `` MCG OGQCG
:Yd b :a ,bG :Yd bh ,eeCG Vhh
K ,bG :d bh ,dG `` gj b K ,a ,`` bG
:bG d bh ,Yd dG dG b :a ,b
,a `` bG :d bh ,i`` dG gj b `` K ,`` a
:d bh ,Yd i`` dGh dG jdG `` b :a
.a bG
,HH a bG :d bh ,dG LQ b K
,bG :d bh dG LQh YdG n jn b :a
,..bG ..bG :d bh ,idG LQ b K .a
:d bh `` LQh YdG `` j b :a ,J `` a
GPEG YdG CG SGQdG KCG g eh ,J a ,bG
.dH J fEa ,gLQh gGj bo

dG
,N N a ,eS He Y GHEG
Ifh ,Y h ,e Yh ,e Jh
.L
q OCGh ,b eh ,bGh

88

dG j ,`` Y OL ,S OU `` g c
fG GPEG `` M ,J CG G AT `` e H a ,`` S
H j GP h ,iNCG S Od ;WdG EG gP
qp OdG `` LhR fc
iJ H GPEG ,`` LhR OUG `` e J
IDdDd :a ,IDdDd dG H NGO CGQ !k ` `Y Gk eCG
?Lh GPe fG ,LhR ,LhR !G S S H
LhR e d j !dG `` H `` a IDdDd ?g e .IDdDd `` fEG
.Gg ej H d ,jMCG !FGQ
j dG DdDdG FH EG H gPh ,IDdDdG OdG NCG
,dG H IDdDd `` fLh fEG :d bh ,QhG `` G
!H QJ fEG !dEG j ,dEG fCG YCG .IDdDdG g gh
QLh QL `` Hh ,cO H d gAGT `` SCG `` dh
YdG T EG gPG ,d !`` K d MCG e ,Q`` L
.G ah ,e jj CG j qn Y ;IQhG jG
dG `` FdG EG H `` gPh ,JDdDd `` MU `` NCG
,G .dEG fCG YO ,IDdDdG Y VYh ,IQhG jG
,vM d Lh d !H Qj e EG ,NCG j Gh
g e AGT Y QO`` dG a ,jG g Gh EG `` gPG
.JYe Y TCG :d a !IDdDdG

dG OU

89
,dG c eh ,MU bh GdG b H Yh
VYh ,S :d b GdG Yh ,NdH d PEG j
!G :GdG `` a ,H JLh `` e Ggh ,dG `` Y
d QbCG c YCG ,Y HCG e g dBdG `` g e EG
a Sh ,UG fN NH d SCS d ,K
!IDdDdG g K g G`` gh ,AJ e e a ,YS `` S
Ic `` YS a ,`` YS `` d ,S :`` a
e a ,YS S a :G`` dG a .e OU `` Y
.AJ e fG
k Gk e i`` j H GPEGh ,GdG fN MU `` NO
!e
Ae `` b :bCG `` KK EG `` e ,Gv` `L Ik `` c k ` `aZ
dEG f d Kh TGa H bh ,dBdGh `` gdGh gGH
cCG e `` j e L `` H bh ,MGdG `` e f I`` f
fEG ,`` YS S :f k ` `Kfi ,O`` dG a .`` dGh
k Ic
aCS GPe ,fCG e G H O`` U Y a
,ddG dG OLG dH CGHCS k M ,YS S
e `` dG bdH jSC ;`` H CeCG `` M cB` `S
!gdG e Qb cCG L
ICaG e YS bh ,ddG dG EG MU gP
.hCG dG EG gj CG Qb ,fG GPEG M ,cCjh cCj

90

,MCG OdG jCG b ,b :d b edG e gH Hh

EG a ,fG ,f :d `` a ?GPe :a ,G fG `` d
:d a ,adG `` UdG NCG e ,cLQCG :a ,Q`` G
jJ !Z e aCG BGh ,fG g fCGh YS S
g c H J CG `` d c eCG ?gGG e IOG`` SG
dG aCG d a ,Q`` G EG J M ,`` gGG
,aZ MCG d ,fCGh To o dG hQCG d Jh ,OLCGh
.QG EG hNCGh ,a fCG dG G EG J

dG
G jCG MhQ fEG ?I``gG J jCGQCG
Qb J d ,H Qj c a ,dG
fG ,fdG ``fEG ?fG ``J jCGQCG ,``dG dP
gGGh ,``d d``SG EG fGh ,``Y EG
a KdG ``TGdG ``eCGh ,``dG ``YCG ``g
.GdG g GdGh dGh ,dG

a ,KdG TGdG iCGQ ,dG dP EG jW h

dG dH jSCG `` a ,T M cCG BG :`` f
a , Qb cCG L `` e dG bdG ``
EG OdG gP !VCG j AZ Ca ,QJ d Ua
qn ,SGh ,TGdG
.Y f Zh

91

e cCS
J FGHG hCG `` dG `` SQe
qp `` g fc
L CJh ,L dG gH e fCH `` ged
e k jCG g G`` fc EG YCG EG jjCG G`` aj CG `` edG
CG h`` jj dh ,GP`` `` dG j ?`` f `` gH
e ,e k L jjCG dG aa ,SQc Gfj
dCa ,YG Q`` J AS `` SG IMGh Ia G`` Y
?j aJ GP :SQe
dCa dEG `` J dG H e d C :`` da
,HY `` fCG :H A`` S `` HLCa ?`` fCG `` e Gk PEG :`` SQG
fCG GP :`` dCa ,Lh MGh ,`` dH SQG `` a
.HY fCG Gk PEG ,HY HCGh ,HY eCG :AS da ?HY
a ,k Lh k S `` d Gg EG :dbh ,SQG `` Z
HG ?`` fS GP`` a ,HCG `` dGhh ,AH `` eGC `` fc
.dEG J dG H e Gk PEG :HLCGh ,AS

dG
nq e Gk MCG
.f fCT b

n npe
n n G
n G
p sEGp Ik n p ````Un sn p r Jn n

92

Yh ,`` b `` Vh ,Oh`` b N `` LQ `` MCG

Ib Ie H .k S Vh ,Re eM dG e
k
,dG `` S YG e e Gk Ob CG `` Lh
UdG hfi
AG e k TTQ WCG M ,RG Y j j EG `` e .RG EG
Ob hM b H !YQCGh bdG `` HQCG IOdG Y OQdG
,f dG Qc ,RG EG d ;f dG j CG NBG
H !Ie e cCG dG Qc .OQdG AH bdG IOdG Ta
EG Ud dG j CG O`` b CG hj EG e fCG Lh I`` e
.OQdG AG e k aN ;YG a RG
G e Gk O`` b NCGh ,OQ`` dG AG HCG ,I`` e `` H
GS `` SG Gk jL Gk O`` b fe Vhh ,`` dG Q`` N
gS e `` Ya ,OQdG A`` G TQ `` gj h ,`` Uj
IOdG Y S
q M ,RG d dG EG G`` S
dhfi e cCG H ,LSh OQdG AG e HYG
e HY a ,R`` G b hM EG `` fCG GS `` S
.YG OGaCG bH
AG TQ OGM UY NBG Gk Ob NCG Ie H
.Y k VY Gk `` jL Gk Ob NOCGh ,`` jG OdG Z OQ`` dG

G OhdG

93
jG OdG ;jL e Q`` J f HdG G CG `` Lh
, k HV Y J `` bdG IOdGh ,RG EG `` gj
,AG TQ Uj `` fCG e ZdG Y ,jG OdG `` a
CG J fCG dg e c ,HdG HV GP Qj h
S dd ;YG j Y (YL be) j RG
dGh dG H Z e cCG SH Q ,Qj
.(V
m e qn Y k jJ Q) jG Od
Gk Ob NCG PEG ,f VG QGH LdG SG
bG Qjh ,Gk jL Gk Ob Vhh ,AG TQ OGM GhUY
dG YG c SG CG EG `` eCG Gg Qch .f
dG YG H SG M ,AG Td VJ
J S IOdG CG `` Lh jdG ! IjL `` Y
?GP ,dG `` e GbG Y Dhj `` e c Y k ` `HV
e ,Y f `` YG Lh e Gg d !!Q`` j MCG
!AL CG

94

EGh ,HYdG S Y d dG g EG
c ``d ;``jG IQGOEG ``Y ``ShQO ``e ``g
GAGLEGh fGdG e a .Y e EG MGh
``SCHh ,``f jdH J dG ``G
Dhj h ,RCG e f G Z WGbhdG
?jdG g J iJ j GP :GDdG Y MCG
ZdG Yh ,e ``j dG CG ``S H
``j ``J ``S ``j ``fCG ``e
fCG e uZ dh ,dM ``Y FHEGh ,Y ``adG
.jNBG Yb EG dG hO H e

dG

95

!a dG
k aNh ,dG `` V UCG `` LhR CH hdG `` T
e c :dG HLCa ,JQS dG EG gP Y
Y HG ,HH S cCG VdG f d dh ,M dh
GPEa ,GvL jOY U I`` H ch ,Gk e HQCG `` LhR
jY ba OJ GPEGh ,ch ,Gk `` e KK bG OJ
.ch ,QeCG IY ba ,OJ dh ,ch ,Gk e
Ha ,H LhR Lhh ,d hdG OY dHh
,M :jOY U IH bh ,Gk `` e HQCG ae Y
UCa hdG a ,O`` J a ?AdG Y JL dG `` e
dG e ,M :fdG Id bh ,Gk e KK Y Gk H
,Gk e jY h`` dG a ,O`` J h ?AdG `` Y `` JL
h ?AdG Y JL dG e ,M :ddG Id `` bh
bh ,QeCG IY Hh `` H QU M ,hdG a ,O`` J
!OJ h ?AdG Y JL dG e ,M :HGdG Id
:eG Id bh ,k e LhR e dH hdG `` a
LhdG `` db g ?A`` dG Y `` JL dG `` e ,`` M
.(!k LLO WCG) :d bCG eG Id :H

dG
gGf h ,fZ a G OLh k ehO Vf GP
!?a Gf h ,fZ dG k ehO bf GP ,a

96
G YCG

.HG `` Lhq R GPEG VdG `` e QGG `` S fEG :`` b

Ve bG `` FY .VdG Gg e `` HGh QGG `` N
.eCG Gg Q`` j CG Qd HGh QG`` G j CG cG `` G
HCG NBGh ,OSCG gMCG :jM S fCH gNCG
.jG MCG dG IdG Yh ,OdG c
Y Rjh ,`` LhR J O`` SCG `` G `` dG GPEG -1
.HCG Vb
Y Rjh ,`` LhJ a ,HCG `` G `` dG GPEGh -2
.HCG Vb
.gdGh a ,`` jG e xCG dG `` aQGPEG -3
VQCG H The Y `` bGh G c
;G Ve fG ,k jQL TdG c Mh ,QG`` G
LdG CG EG dG IOM IdG fG .jM d
e W K .dG Vhh ,jOSCG jM dG

QGe g c ,IdG dG ib iMEG k ` `b

Ve MCG e G e Gk c k e VGb ;fi Z
H YCG bh ,RY G`` g G Ve .jdG `` G
.j k VY b Gd ;JdG QGG

97
J c fCG J BG .dG e M dG I`` dG
jH bG `` M GPEG ?IdG S GP`` a ,g
:JBG MG a
.G dG IdG aS -1
c jOSCG jM OLh QXEG IdG Y j -2
.TZ LQ G Ve CG Hh ,OdG
d ;H Jh ,O`` SCG G IdG J -3
.dGh jdG
qn e gHCG
Qf M ;O`` J `` a ,jG `` g `` eCJ
g WQh EG .G dGh dG `` dG H dG
G dG eSG GPEG `` e aEG I`` dG
IdG QNG GPEG `` S dG FdG `` a .O`` YG
.HdG G SCG HLEG
a e Gg ,k M ?IdG S GP`` ,iNCG Ie
hOh ,Gk M e Sh OdG c gj NOCG ,IdG
G SCGh ,J G d EG Jh ,gj J CG
G `` dHh ,IQH AG `` G gj `` e
e j{ :J M db a ,`` dG dG G H
,dG dG `` G EG dG f `` dh !AM
.zdG dG G d f FYh

98
fCG `` VS `` fEa ,O`` SCG `` G `` G CG `` h
Y Dhj d G `` Ve CG h ,HCG G `` dG
fCG X Z
qn b I`` dG Ea ,feCG Yh ,f `` a
.OhG HC af be EG a dG e be

hf ``dh ,``G YC ``M g

.ge H J h ,AcH Ya ,dG

dG

99

?Se CG ,je
b fCG Ma ,vFGg k fdH cj c `k ` LQ CG j
k a ,`` jdG q ` `V
H GPEa ,VQCG `` e bG M ,b
CG jQCG{ : mY `` H Y iOf ,SCG I`` S iCGQ `` b
,HbCS CH `` FeR MC Gk Yh b d :GDk S `` dCSCG
hj ?fCG jCG :YCG fCGh ,ec YS `` Ye Y NCJh
?BG fCG jCG :jJ CG a ,J fCG
va BG `` fCG .k M :HLCGh ,`` SCGQ IdG `` aQ
fCG k aGLh ,QeCG IY VQCG S Y j dH NGO
Nh Jh ,VY T LQO HQCGh iMEGh HQCG H
dG Gg `` e{ :LdG H `` a ,W Z `` LQO `` Sh
.!?k T aCG fCa ,dJ
,`` ddG IO`` LG G`` TDG EG `` fG{ :`` HLCa
bQCG `` g k M{ :`` d b K ,`` LdG `` a ,z`` Sh
c ,f{ :`` HLCa z?`` Se fCG `` g .dH IO`` Le
k Oa z?aY
,U H JNCG dG eG C{ :Fb
jQCG EG ,SdG JGQb NCG fCa .Ie Z dh
!?fCG jCG :YCG CG

100

.NdG AGdG e b H EG fe J fCh

,H `` S `` c J h ,`` ` f Y Gk `` Yh b `` fCh
.Je d Gjh j CG g bJ fCh
!c fCG c

`dG

| }

dG GDdG Gg Y HLEG `` J CG !LQCG

,IdG dEG `` a ,{ ?AcdH `` gJ hCG `` VGSG hO
z?aY c .dH{ :LdG HLCa .?je fCG g :dbh
?gGP fCG jCG EG h ,fCG jCG J fC :db

101
`````d bh

dG Ib Y eR YS bSG He g fc
zH jQhh{ dG LQ ZCG K e jeCG S H EG
,jN YC JhK e QhO `` H (31) J `` dG
,IOSd `` ShQO `` ah ,`` JM `` ge e `` H `` gh
.G OH jGh PdG UC k UNh
Y c eY `` e S hCG z`` H jQhh{ i`` TG
,GvL Gk NCe CGHG fC ;SCH j BGh ,S IY iMEG
QNOG e IY HGdG `` S IU YQe i`` TGh
f dG H `` j GR eh .edG `` FGG jRJ
Gg iTG bh ,gehCG IH Sh Z K e `` G
.k eY N b LGhR Y dG
dG G `` dP Lj `` e c jd EG :`` jh
H JQS Oj CG Oq J bh .QS hCG LQN QGvL H Lj
h ,fSj eCG LQ hCG ,FS jd Lj h ,jj M
cT cCG fCG e ZdH ,`` UN IFH Gk HCG aj
,cT Sh Kk K cT PEG ,dG UN G`` W
J jd k jS IMGh dSQ Hc g j `` e ch
,YLG Gk HCG j h .dG GgCG d Oj ,cdG
.efG e j hCG

IYdG :dYCG Y dhDd j a `` JYb

fdG I`` YdGh ,G `` jT Gk `` HCG `` J hCG
O`M `` e k qn YLG Q`` j .hCG I`` YdG Gk `` HCG `n ` J
d IOdG H `` Y e e a c .bGdG `` G
LQ ZCG Z `` Hh .RdG gjh ,QdG `` d j
bj j h ,G`` S N b Ie hC `` Hb ,`` dG
HG OM dd ;H jQhh Hh H e AT O`` Lh
Y HG SG Hb eY dh ,a YS `` H
jQhH `` dG jT Z `` H UCG `` ej eh ,`` YS
Jd OLh h ,GG JdG j H jQhh ,H
.dhW Y

dG
``SGh ,fFG ``bdG ``Y HG
LdG H ,``LdG ``j G CG cJh ,``JGP
W``H H JM ``Yh ,``G ``j dG ``g
``SG a ,hNBG dj e J h ,jYh
AGQh J h ,k ``M GJe YG dh ,``dEG
.jQdG ASCG

102

103

?cPCG e
N L EG k ` `L L k Wh k ` `Se CG `` j
dCSh ,SG EG dG a ,h `` jW jL MQ
SG QYa ?bdG A e k d j CG jj c GPEG
dG Y `qn ` Uh ,iNCG MdG EG `` fh ,`` SeHH
.dG EG OG ZH gJh
d fEG :`` Sd `` bh ,`` dG UCG `` FbO `` H
GPEGh ,GDk S dCSCG fCG :bh ,dG `` d Th ,FGQh S
GPEGh ,dCJ K ,jQ IY `` J GG J
QYG iNCG I`` eh ,jQ I`` Y d aOCG G`` G `` YCG
.dG ZH gJh ,HdG IG a c SG
GPEG k M :Sd bh ,dG jJ FbO Hh
GG fCG YCG GPEGh ,jQ IY J GG J
j dG SG J dG QKCG g ,jQ e YCG
k EG
.G dG cQH VdG Y aGa ,b
?dGh VQCG H aG e :hCG GDdG dG CS
JCG K ,d jQ IY aOh ,QdG Y SG QOa
j dG A`` dG e :dG Ca ,`` SG Y Qh`` dG

104

K ,L Vhh ,O`` dG NCG SeHH SG

ASG dG dh ,ef cE iNCG G EG Lh QGOCG
YS HQ `` Hh ,GG `` FYEG d ;`` SG e `k ` b
?GDdG dd GG e :`` dCSh iNCG Ie ef e `` jCG
,L `` j SG `` NOCG c C` `H j CG `` Z `` eh
!ef cCGh OYh ,iNCG jQ IY dG YCGh

dG
h``J CG b JfeEGh JGQb Y J
nq
J H Yh ,dGLh ``jNBG Tf
.e fc e ,Ffh JGQGb

dEG dG `` f ?HQCG Y `` jh ,KK Y `` G EG

Hh ,dG HSM `` d VGh ,IMh `` JQH
ef e `` SG jCG ,`` YS f Hh ,QO`` e `` L
.jQ e YCGh

105

!?AGS fCG g
qn e d `` b (dG dG M) Q`` ZW ihQ
k g gMCG `` Lh WJ a ,`` MdG e L `` Y
ee ASh ,bdG `` j La ,H Cqn G qn Y dCa ,`k ` K
T CG `` d :dH QfH `` j Sh ,`` YbEG `` S
b dG g `` ba !Gk S c JM d ,`` VQCG
J :bh ,dG VQCG EG d QTCa ,d KQh `` dG
,a cQa ,d a jGH `` eCa ,e iJ dG `` VQCG
H dG Ga ,VQCG AfG S eb bJ Mh
Gb QNh ,e jd ;cCG LCS b HG ch ,G`` b
f e EG :jh ,`` f Y j c dh ,`` j gh
.k e S M cQh ca ,b
dG dG j bGh H j dG dG J
a EG ODj b fEG bW Y jj hn r n dG EG :`` j
SH iL e Ggh ,`` jG FXdG Jh ,dG
gh ,Gk Qa c AGq Y J eY (1987) Y dG OhCG
.GG hj
H ,VjdG `` e cfC `` g bSCG `` dG `` J
M , ldh hl r Yn ,NBH hCG H ZCG IM b fEG :bC

,dG LCG e Qf JM f PEG ,NCG dG j

,dG `` HQ a ,QG`` SG `` LCG eh ,`` G LCG `` eh
?eh ,MGdH fCG `` h ,n n dGh G `` jNh
fi ,gUh MG J EG Uh e GPEa .dG NBG
Jh ,dGh ,dG ,jdG IG e GdG QEH
hO dH IG a ,cT eh ,JehdGh ,jGdG
fEG J aa ,H f hCG ,gf hCG ,`` af CG
Y j e c dG H Th ,j c H ,j c
!UdH SMEG e J e H IG Hh ,VQCG
eGdGh dGh dG YCG Fb H IG b e ..vM
HG GN CG a j eY IG b e !?GdGh
c ,SQG hCG `` dG `` ejh hCG `` Jch hCG
LMG GS `` JSCG Qj ISCG Qh `` bdG QJ
!!jYd j c gh ,k M H d ;d
Y `` M ,G`` g Q`` G `` fY `` dP `` jh
YdG `` bh JCj bh ,`` bGdG e G`` c ,`` eCG
Y M Gk `` LY f `` a ,`` a f A`` G `` dG
ANSG j CG dG Y OJ a ,MGdG
CG a FYh Uh f e `` f e EG ,Y NBG
,JCJ b jC ` IG `` g vM ` G LDj h ,`` j

106

107
dG CG GhCG Ga b fAHCGh fCG dh ,JCJ bh
IOdG Jh ,G bdG H ,G eCG Y
.jG W ,jdGh dG

dG
C``H ``EG ``Y ``MGdH ``dG ``dh
j ``fCNCG ``eh ,``d ``j H``UCG ``e
G ``KBG dG M``c ``J ``c ;``d
.Y M dGh bdG Y k jL
``
m en n ``r Ln In On n ``sdG iQn CGn o``r dn hn
o``r ` p ` s` ``dG n ```` og s```p ```s```dG s```p ```dhn

108

eh jhGR `` e cCG e `` G hCG `` G EG `` fG

eh ,a `` f jDhQ `` h ,I`` c G`
m `f
e SdG `` e Y NG :dP `` o dG `` eCG
SCGQ I`` M MG dG Gh`` dG FW GNEG `` LCG
NGO jh dNOEH CG`` Hh Gk OY gMCG `` MCa ,VQCG
j Nj CG `` NBG hMh !GhdG j Oc `` M ,IG
H bGh !ih`` L hO dh ,`` H d ;`` jdG
.j d ;YG GUCH jJ
bGj Fb Y e IY HGdG Wh ,`` dP c
ICah ,dG fGh ,dG JJ QKBG Y hJh ,`` bG
edG e `` c H b d jCGQ `` e !JLh :`` U
.k S LGNEG e GJ M ;k jQJ IG
MCG `` Je `` aM `` NO `` jCG `` e `` j h
SCH `` aG S dGh ,`` NGH `` a ,Q`` G
e SdG c a ,`` G Y j SdG NCGh ,`` G
,dH `` e dG CG `` gh ,a IMGh f `` Lh
IU H `` JCG M ,j Z `` JMGbG c A`` Lh
Lh e J CG YSGh ,gY e ITdG RhJ

iNCG f Lh

109
GQWEG NGO AGdG c J CG J H GPEa .iNCG f
.H aG eh IdG q fo dHh ,aG

dG
pn ``t
n ``
n Tn n r bn o CGr s``dG
r dG p Y
``s
n gp hn sl hCGn `` og
p dG o ``n n G ``

110

,IOdc `` Y e Gk `` NCe H EG CG O`` Y `` eY

Y j dG `` HG Lh ,dGh `` gQEG HUCG `` bh
:CG ?`` HCG j GDk ` `S Y WCG CG `` g :`` HG ,`` dG
?HCG j YdG `` G e J c :`` HG .J ,k ` `W
e CJ j dG e !fCT e d Gg :k ` `VZ CG
j LQCG ,YCG CG jQCG a :HG ?dG SCG g
c
n GPEG :CG ?`` YdG G e J c NCG ,`` HCG
e b H HG .`` YdG jQjO cCG E` `a ,Gk e
CG .HCG j a `` e Gk MGh Gk QjO VbCG g :`` dG
Gk QjO YCG d G `` e cCG c J CG jJ :Gk `` FK
,h aZ EG `` gPG ,iGh adG `` edG Y J
dh ,Y Y k JbhCG bCGh ,dG GW YCG fCa
.g gd bh d
gPh ,Y e eO `` da ,c CH ddG `` j
CG NCG `` YS f Hh .dG EG `` j d ;`` aZ EG
k j
a ,W e k Sb c fCH Th ,`` M a b
,HG aZ EG ITe CG gP .Qjd LH dG c
e ,HCG j , :HG O`` a ?Ff fCG g :b K ,`` dG `` ah

AGd YS

111

dG c a ,e k Sb oc :CG d b .k e `` dR
k
.W dG QjdG Gg J ,k bTh jW
dH `` La CG dh ,Gk `` jT k ` `Ma HG `` a
Z .QjdG Gg e jh ,IOSdG e Gk QjO NCj
HG OQ ?Gk QjO eoOe Gk QjO W
n GP :dCSh ,CG
,GQjO e UCG a BG eCG ,j e d j :IAGH
.k e f bh e YS H TCG CG jQCG

dG
,F``dG CGdGh ``G JCJ ``H CG ``e
Qh ,GvL jd ``jb e Q ,OOJ hO ``a
.IMGh Ik e EG HJ T e

112

gMCG OUa ,`` SCG GOj jU gP

Ca ,`` d fh `` M `` Vhh Ic `` S
d ,dG EG :`` jdG HLCa !?`` gJ jCG EG :`` NBG
;fG :`` LdG O`` a ,J Gv` `L Ic `` S `` UG
:jU dCa ,`` e IdG SCG `` e jG Od
S e cCG OJ eY :LdG Oa !?dP aCG GPh
?Gg aCG GPh :jU dCa ,J CG
:jU dCa ,G e jG Y c :d `` b
e jJh ,NJ CG `` :LdG Oa ?dP `` aCG GPh
:LdG O`` a ?dP aCG GP`` h :dCa ,`` dG `` UQ
Oa !?AGdH aCS GPeh :jdG dCa ,k jK J d
bH J CG J eY jCG e j J LdG
dH g Gg :bdG jdG d a,LhRh OhCG e
.dG jh ,cCG M LCJ jQCG h ,BG aCG e

dG
n n dG p n ``r Jn n
en sdG ``V
p pn ``
n r bn ``
Ghn Cn G ``
p r n dG ``JBH n hn

aCG e Gg

113

e T SCc
S a ,dG `` dh ,Gk S dEG VC
n Gh
Ie SCdG dG `` eCG , cCdH ?dG Ih`` M W
!?IhG bhJ g !?AT J `` g ,dG hJh ,bO
J fCGh ,Ojh Oj CG`` H dG CG MJ CG , `` YCG
QOh ,SCGQ Y jj V .INCG dhfi Gk PEG !?`` H JhM
e dP c Gk PEG ,Gk `` M dG j CG `` h SCdG `` M
S H ,Gk M dG j a ,k S j bh ,`` G
.Gk HCG HJ dh ,OH b
dG GQdGh ,e T `` c e a ,IG dch
G L dG Gh ,Sd G `` Mh ,gjEG G gh
.G dG hJ ,c M Gk PEG ,dG e f

dG
Y c``Jh ,JNBG ``J
n h fd ``YG
hJh -G AT EG- ``aCG JM ``d ;G
``JM ``a ,``Gh ``dGh ``fEG Ih``M
.GG j T SCc CG e aCG

114

FQ `` e Wh ,dG `` H J Q`` `` g c
H d ;`` YdG EG j CG SDG `` MUh `` dG
,QdG W dG MU `` aa ,OhCGh LhR e `` Y
q
d a ,W Y UCG QdG CG EG ,`` Je IOj``H `` ZQh
k J CG gh ,ALQ Y EG :dG `` MU
,Gk NCG e
aGa ,`` Yd j `` K ,NBG H `` j d `` fCG `` NCGh
.e Y QdG
NCG `` g dG G`` g CG dh ,`` dG Q`` dG CG`` Hh
OGe SGh ,dG j fEa ,`` H j S dG
fch ,HG IOG hO REG SCGh ,dG jOQ
jW d `` S Z `` jf dG H iOCG `` dG `` jdG
RdG QdG `` fG eYh ,GHEGh `` dGh REG `` e
Wh ,jG `` G Je dG MU S A`` dG e
:d bh bSG `` dG MU `` dh ,MdH d `` dG
,SDG Y S f ;d jg `` g G Gg EG
d fC ;IC` `LG `` e QdG `` a ,`` e `` J CG `` eBa
,AGOCG UNEG Y `` fGJ ,dG e j fCG `` Y
.dG JEGh

bdG AS

115

,IG g d j Q e a ,IY dh
Y aj CG `` e H a ,`` dM J d IQ`` U `` Sjh
hCG G C ;`` eRCGh GMCG `` L AGOCG `` M
.jNBG b f g dP e

dG
IM ``Ff EG ``H ``j ``d ``fJEG
b d ``fJEG a ,``dP e dG ``Yh ,Gv``L
.jSG cCG fCG J

116

,c hO Qe a JFW `` J fc HT I`` S
TGh ,a CGd k ` `Hc TG Gk c S fc `` fCh
gQfG AKCG `` dG CGJ CG`` Hh ,jH Y k ` `jCG
,k jCG `` Hc CG`` j l ` `LQ `` fH `` j c ,I`` Fd
Y YVe fc jH b hCG b CGH `` eY
b CGH LdG C` `H La ,LdG Hh `` H `` SdG
.e cCJ fc dG f dG e jH b
;Lh `` d J CG `` J H ICG`` G CG`` H
b cCj LdG c ,g cCJ fc b a ,bhP d
eY ,f `` a c d ,ICG`` G `` Y OGR ,k ` `jCG
dbh dEG f ,`` a IMGh b jdG Y `` H
IOjdh ,BG h`` dG b LdG Gg S GP`` e :`` f
Jh ,dG cCG K ,f EG dG LdG b gO
ch ,j Gg :`` f a da ,NBG dG `` d
.IFdG EG OdH CGHh Hc NCG K ,Z
;M `` a IFdH `` ge `` L `` eY
H UG jdG Y O`` LH La ,JQf NCd
,jdG H Th eo`a !H e `` g c

QGYCG GY

117

fc fCGh ,M fc `` Y CG a BG `` cQOCG PEG

c LdG CG Gk `` NDe `` cQOCGh ,Y `` e LdG e cC` `J
CG hO H UG jdG Y Sbh ,e GvL k c
fCG ,Gh QdH gQT OGORGh ,j hCG `` ej
.bhP b e M Y Ld Qd Se c
:MUEG `` ATCG HQCG k FGO `` g
dG `` LSG h ,FdEG `` H G `` LSG
h ,YV `` H UdG LSG `` h ,f `` H
:b ch ! CG H bdG hCG ,dG LSG ``
.Je dG J CG

dG
``YC
p Gh ,``G ``b ``G ``e ``e ``cCJ
``G QG``UEG ``b QG``YCG G``Y ``jNBG
.Y

118

dG Q`` b ,IU O`` V `` Y g `` fc

YCG EG `` UdG `` dG `` bh ,`` d `` H
,dGh d O`` dG e OG a ,H `` b
g e Gk MGh CG Q`` G j feCHh ,`` dG CG`` Hh
EG j CGh ,dG j CG S IdG OdG
.....e) :`` g OG e J `` e a ,dG `` b
dG C ;dG EG V CG j CG hCG(`` e
J Gk `` MGh AYEG `` e J O`` dG CG`` Hh .Gv` `L `
m `Y
CGHh ,dH G G OdG J GY e ,NBG
,j CG MCG j a ,GvL U `` fEG :J OG
.IdG OdG e jG S SGh
.dG EG O`` dG SG Gk `` MGh k ` `YV GY `` e
S jdG h !Gk `` HCG QGUEG Y `qn ` j ,YCGh `` YCG
,dG EG Uh dG dG `` dG GY e O`` dG c
CG SG c :aeh Y `` dG OdG c OGQCa
IdH dG dG Gg JCG jCG e :CS dGh !?`` j
FdG dG CG `` cG dG gY ?`` dG EG `` Ud
dG jNBG e EG Gk HCG p J a ,K eh !`` UCG c
dG deBGh `` G eMCG fj `` fC ;`` eDhdGh

dG dG

119

c C ;dG KCJ Ib .a k FGO .b H ``

ah ,k HjEG c Yh ,`` daCG Y KDj CGJ hCG J `` e
CG J `` fEG :gMCG `` d j eY UCG `` c `` dP
!SCG fCG :b k FGOh ,eMCG

dG
``d ``fCG ``J ``dG A``TCG ``J CG ``Y
:(Hf) ``Sh ,(aRhQ) ``J CG Y``SH
?L OGaCG Sf dG dJ CG SG c
:b ``e :K Y ``H OQCG ``c :``LCa
:d b ,``YCG :``b eh ,hM :``d b ,Q``bCG
.L :d b ,e :b eh ,J

120

,jCG MCG `` `S `a SCG `` `a g c

`dG a ,`j`b `e `e JC`J `K`SG M gh
U`j Gk Q`` `Ye k U `La ,`` `G EG i`` Lh ,`` `JGhOCG
,k `NQ`U `a`jh `g``j `` gh ,O`SCG `Mh `a `Sh `M
k fi
`fCGh ,SCG `dG NJ `` gh ,`f P`fEG h`
MdG `` dG h ,A`H `` `dDe `e `` e dG `` `dG
e Nh ,dG `dG e EG `` `gQ`a IQS M
dG dG `dGh `` `fEG :f q bh ,fCG `` f LQ IQ`` dG
;`a`cCG CG `` `jQCG fEG :`` dG `LdG `bh ,`` ` eCG `` `fCG
.`HG I```M `fCG `b `fC
IC` a`e AT CG b ` , :`k F`b ``dG Oa
c H Y `` dG HG X dG `` g h .``a `` `
`LCG ?`` ` HG G`g `g :``dG dG LdG Ca ,ISCG
,k bJG e YCG YO :dG d a ,``f :``H ``dG
dG f `` dG H UG f `` Y q bCS `` M
T hO a ,`` `HCG e `` dG c GPEGh ,`` H `` `ebCS
`a e Ggh ,``H ``f`c `f `k `LQ d jh ,`` S
``J `K ,SQG`G `` ``aCG `NO a ,`` `dG HG `` dG

hG U

121

,`` d `U`dG `` `a Q`e fS `dG `` c

QdCG `` dH ``LCG `` `ddG dP `` H k `ahe Q`` Uh
.`dG `e ``a
dG f `` dG LdG HG `` UCG GS IY `` H
`dG HG I`` `G g jh ,`` `FQ dH dG `` fCG
fh j dGh ,`dG `YGN`H ``a QcdG
`e `J `a ,``H `` `a ,`dG `j`e `fCG `H ,`` `Mh
AGQRh FQ TJ dhfGQ `fEG !?`` `dG ``LdG `dP `g
Q`edGh `dG `` e fjH `fCG ``H dG `` fjH
.``T``J ``fh `dG `g `HGh ,```dG `G `a
``U`dG `` `g Q`` eC`d I`` ``dGh `` `H``jEG I`` dG EG
`JGP LCG `e f ```dG j dG fEd ````dG
.HH `Y `J `M UdG j `dG g `L`dGh ,a

dG
k M Fa ,c k ``jCG h``G ``H Y
.FGQ

122

``TY ,R`` G ``MCG `` S a I`` U I`` `M

hX `VGe IM dG `` W e IdG eQCG
,VdG H J fc IdG ISCG g dh ,`` U
`Yj c e cCG `d ,j c g dG YdG `` h
IQY ada !A`` dG `` a Q`` eCG `` ``S `` `g CG
b ch ,N H `` Hh S d d ,GQL HQCG `` Y
jG V`J `` `d ,JOh `e GS HQCG `` dG Y q e
j GPh ,G e Vh b Nd EG dN
YS eh ,cGdG dH jG AS CeGh ,`` dG
Ma ,`` c jG Y IQG`` H G `` g hCG `` dG
.dRe G
`be `` LGe Y `` a `` ```dGh `` ``eQCG `` `eCG
`q ` SfGh ,I`` FM I`` f `` eCG EG `` dG `` f !`` Y
,dG `` bk QZ c `` HK e CG `` L `` d ,`` `f`MCG
k JSCGh ,`` a adG `` H EG CG `` YSCGh
Y Fe
Y G `` dG W C`Nh ,`` adG GQL `` MCG
EG dG ``a ,G `` `G S Y ``d ;QG`` G
bh ,VdG eHG `` Lh `Y `bh ,jH IOS `` `eCG

YdG

123

gY `d `` jdG AGdG SdG `` j iJ j GPe :`` eC

!?G Y j M ,H
j `fCH `` dG `g dG `` dG `MCG `` d
,H VdG LCG `` e !H H a ,AjKCG `` W EG
`j`bhh dG Ah`` `gh IOdG Qe `` `fEG !QdGh A`` dHh
VQ dCf fEG dG{ ,Gh OdGh IQGG VG`eCG `e
GP`e .`` eBG dG zQ`` dGh `` S e `` H P`` fh ,`` Gh
IHdG I`c`dG I`` dG CG `` g e c fMCG CG `` d
f CG Eq G j a ,cdG dG `` HG Ggh ,G
f ,dG dh `` `G `d ` `gGaCG A ` Qj :d
Ic H ecCG ,f Y KCG c fCG ,Y A`` K
.dG LGH h ,G LGH f h , h J
h ,`fdGh `` UG `` fCG `` Y `` aSCG `` vM
h ,Q`f d U `` fgLh ,dEG f h ,`` f
j `a ,Q`` f `` e h ,HYh ,`` JhL `` ` `e `r ` ` f
fdG EG O``f CG ``Y QGUEG `` `e ,BG `e HJ ,GNEG
,Mh bh c `` a Q`` SG `` e f CGh ,i`` ` ` NCG I`` `e
.dP Y j CG G Cfh

124
dG

Z cJh ,d G gh dG dG MC
p G
.jhCj e j

125

eG
k e k c dGh `` YCG ,DhVQEG j dh `` g c
q b :`` d bh ,`` eH
jG Q`` S MGh Q`` e H
,T CG `` e J hCG ,`` HYCG `` a `` J I`` e c
q ` H ddG b hCG `` dG h
G SCG h ,Gk Qe 37 `
q nJo dG eG OY a ,f j c ddG `` J
j c dH J fCG ddG cGh ,j `` vej
q e SCG,f
.jG QS Y eG O
q `` dG dG JCG `` jdG h
Qe CG ddG a j
LH j fCG dGh d gP gY ,jG Q`` S
q ` j CG EG
Qe H b BG :`` dGh d a ,Q`` e CG `
a ,`` HYCG J CG hO `` H `` j c `` Y `` MGh
c N b fCG dGh `` HEG e ddG Gk NCGh ,jCG I`` Y
.QdG e eG
b ,H{ :`` d bh ,Q`` dG EG `` HG NCH `` dGdG `` b
cJ dG `` dG g EG fG dh ,`` dG `` MCG
H ea ,zc c Gk HCG QdG Oj a ,QdG
dG H e Jh `` NG hCG IOe jNBG `` Hh
dG dG c ,bYCG `` H cJ fCa ,`` dG

126

`dG
dG e ae g bGdG G AdG{
.zH jh ,S YOJ CG

dG J `` K ,dG J CG J `` fCa ,`` gGJ

Gd ;`` FZ Gk `` KCG cJ `` b J dh ,`` aL `` e
,Gk OLe GR e G C ;d SCJ b G`` G e c j
gGL A`` bUCGh ,G`` HCG L `` e ibCG `` dG `` a
CG Yd h`` gL gh .hfjh `` fj ,IQOf
gQCG Gd ;d `` Hb a fH gh ,`` L bh
.d M ie

127

dG Se
HG NCG ,GvL K LQ g c jCG e j
GeCG d ,AGdG j c HG o d ;a H EG MQ
jW ,I`` a ISCG `` a J YQe `` dh k ` `ejCG
b ?MdG `` fc c :HG CG CS ,`` MdG e IO`` dG
j c jCGQ g :CG `` b .IR MdG fc :`` HG
J GPe NCG Gk PEG :CG `` b ,f :HG b ?AG`` dG
?MdG g e
(AGdG) gh ,Gk MGh k c fCG jCGQ d :HG b
gh ,jM Sh A`` e cH jd fh ,HQCG ``
Ad ;`` fGdG L `` d ,jf d d h`` L `` jd
H MHh ,A`` dG CCJ dG `` jd gh ,`` jM
jdh ,`` aCG OGeG `` dh ,eeCG `` jG `` Y `` J
J RhJ Me `` gYh ,Y f IU `` Me
ej `` gh ,eN `` Y ej `` N `` jdh ,`` G
e cCj gh ,eW f `` fh .k H H eH
gh , d ;dY k fGQL fh ,YQj
OQCG gY .k ` `eU dG `` dGh c .`` fj A`` bUCG
k ,dG
.AGa fCG c jQCG fC ;HCG j d Gk T :Fb

128

dG
d ;JM YG QeCd Jf Z
.Y G f dN e

G J C k ` `Yae ?`` FGQ If `` gq J CG

k ,`` YCG e c `` Y `` J
a `` dGh dG `` e H
d ;FbUC `` gfG , AT c Qb YG .``
GhOjh ,dM e ATCd Jf Ghj CG Y gYJ
. Md G

129

TGdG IM e
TGa ` YS IY ` bGj LQ bh ,jCG e j
k b
k GfH CGH dG fT NGO I`` U
gh ,b
,fT dG dG `` dP e hG IgL h``
X !QGSG `` Y IQOb Z fCch Hh !`` S ICah
,dG dG dP e hd SG b gGb CG LdG
k SJ M hCG
!k e bJ K .b
MCa `` JYe Q`` bh ,Y `` dH LdG `` T
TGdG `` S gY ,fdG `` H bh Gk U k ` `e
!HGP LCGh V f H dh ,fT e `` dH
,Jh iJ CG J d LCG CG Gk e bGj LdG X
d ,GdG Y IQOb Sh ,iS dG L CGh
H JM `` H TGdG bh !j `` dP e k ` `T
dG e ,GkHCG GkHCG GdG J h ,HGP LCGh ,`` V
G IQ`` b CG `` j ?fMh `` LdG `` dP `` d `` a
e FGS h`` k S d QfG L `` TGdH `` MQh
.GdG Jh iJ M ;LCG EG L
e GPEGh !edG `` JM GdG EG `` f k ` `fMCG
,An co je a ,`` Ye H IG d G Qb

130

G UdG G `` YCa ,`` dGh AdG `` W

G dh !!! W AT Y MCG .dN e d
LGh ,N H JM `` Y .LMCG e c gh `` cCdH
,gRLG `` Y JQb jNBdh d `` KCGh ,`` dG
k ,J k Y ,Gk QU `` c
MCG :AT gCGh ,J eY
,G d `` MCG ,H EG eDJ `` a ,d `` e `` NC
.MCG ,H aJ ,d o OG ,QdG Y HCG

dG
MdG Jh ,dG ``j Ic MCG
,``SJh jNBG A``d k ``S ``Ve Z
dG U hQCG e Ve AdG Va
.H

,IdG `` W ,IG `` j LGe `` Y if d `` Qh

G YCa ,G W .ibC `` jdG G YCa
dG G YCa ,OGdGh adG W . `` G
;dG G `` YCa ,`` YdG W .`` YC ;`` Gh
e k UTCG G `` YCa ,`` G W .`` gJC
. gYSC ;edG

131

?X CG OY
tn HQCG ,G f j :`` da , OhGO EG IGeG A`` L
dG g !CG`` eG j jh : OhGO a ?O`` Y CG `` X
Y eQCG fCG :db ?b e :d b K ,Q`` j dG
OT eCG c a ,j Z e Y bCG ,H K
,HC dG EG `` gPCG CG OQCGh ,AG`` M bN `` Z
bG NCGh Y
q fG b FH fCG GPEa ,WCG `` H q HCGh
,WCG H q HCG k ` `T eCG jM `` Hh ,gPh `` dGh
Y j dH GPEG dG
OhGO e ICG`` G `` a
c ,QdG e IH GPEGh ,NdH Qd PCa , OhGO
. YCG ,G f j :Gda ,QjO e H MGh
,G G`` g M S c `` e : OhGO `` d `` a
,jdG `` Y `` La ,`` ce `` c ,G `` f `` j :G`` db
,AGM bN Y dCG b FH GPEa ,dG `` YaTCGh
fGh jdG Y fa ,cG Y H `` fOa Z a
Ggh ,QjO e `` MGh c q j CG fQfh ,`` dG
OhGO da ,OQCG e Y H r q a ,jj H `` G
h ,dGh `` dG d
p j HQ :d bh ICG`` G EG
.dWCG Y fCG :bh QjO dCG gYCGh ,k X

132
dG

n G ``eCa ,``HH ``X ``MCG

,N k ``FGO dE
.J Nh

133

dG
H `` eCG Y NGhCG `` jeCG `` YCG `` LQ `` L
L `` fCch ,G Q`` fCG MCG Y `` UG `` dG
dG dG Gh HG XH j ,G `` J
e H `` e OU G`` bG f d dh ,`` jdG
OdG dP M EG jeCG YCG LQ a ,WdG
GhOCG dch ,WdG jZ U ce La ,dG
.gOUG b dG e c fH iCGQh ,j dG
,dEG dh ,dG H e d ;LdG GOf
H e iTa ,YCG `` LQ EG dG OdG A`` a
g e O`` U bdG e `` c :dCS K ,`` dG
?dG e dG
.QS j Gk c d :dG OdG b
,dG Gk PEG WCG k bh J GP`` a :fK dCa
!?dP e cCG d
LMh ,LM j OUCG e :dG OdG Oa
!QS dH JSCG
H J GPe dh :jeCG `` YCG LQ dCa
?bh

134

e jS SCGQ RdG jeCG YCG `` LQ g

d SCG S :d b K ,dG G O`` dG c
,fl jeCG `` YCG LQ fCa ,jU `` dZ f
:f g gh
k Ge c OGO`` J M ;`` d `` cCG `` J CG `` j : hC
.OJ
J OG Vh eh ,edG e Ie H :k fK .dG QdG Gg e MCGh ,cCG k ce
J CG MHQCG OjORG eh ,I dP H :k `dK .d Ic QGb IY
edG `` e Ie `` Hh ,`` jdG `` f `` S :k ` `HGQ k ,d c H SCG `` MU
bdG Ab e Hh
a H JS Sd ITe `` dG H Gh
.YRd

OUCGh ,bdG e j e fCG :dG OdG Oa

k
,LhR e ddG fCGh ,WCG e dCGh ,bdG e b
FbUCG e `` CG dG h ,bdG H e `` bCGh
JM CG CG ,`` dG e I`` e efh k ` `e h ,`` jdG
.QS dG H e

135
CG dS `` Hh ,S dG G`` g c Hh :Gk `` NCGh jW Y H ,H UN J fe `` J
,k jCG `` jRdG ch ,SCG `` e LfEG `` dG
dG g I`` dG dG jb `` e dG GH `` Jh
,jeCGEG eh (S e) UdG EG a J
!dH dEG Qj Gk c Gk fe J Ggh
?GdG dG j c ,G jU j jCGQCG
k OdG `` S
:RdG jeCG YCG LQ CS K ,b
V ,bh `` e dG Gg c j GP`` e ,QS `` dh
!a k eY jY EG Y N e :bh ,YCG LQ
LQ a ?Q`` S dP `` H GPeh :O`` dG `` a
eY PEG ,`` VG e `` aC JCf g :`` bh ,`` YCG
Lh ,`` cT `` J QJ `` dG `` SG `` bdG `` j
a ,dG AZCG ZCG e gH Jh ,SCG
!LdG jCG GQhdG je
H GPeh :dCS `` K ,LdG EG dG O`` dG f
?QS jG
Jh ,`` dH J :`` a RdG LdG `` b
U jb Gk U k ` `dT a,dG e d H ``
e ddG `` Jh FHCGh `` LhR e a `` J ,I`` U

136

`dG
:

SdG j

eCG f CG) H``S k ``eBG ``e ``UCG e{

(adGh dG `` f CG) ``L ae
(`` eCGh
k
`` Yh `` dGh `` jdG `` f CG) ``ej ``b ``Y
H CG)zgaGH fdG d M Ca (LG
.(a e

Jh ,FHCG e J ,bdG H e `` Jh ,LhR

k
Gk Oe dG J dP c ah ,FbUCG e eJ d
!LCGh WCG
CG J g :gO `` dG G OdG `` a
dGh `` gQEGh dG `` Y e k eY `` jY `` bCG
H SGh FHCGh `` LhR e eGh ,UGG
k G Y fCG e) EG jdG UC
!QS Gk T (UC

137

AT G
jeCG `` jG G `` fc , (1986)`` Y
f I`` c e `` e J (`` jjEG `` jeCG)
,GS I`` Y J `` HQCG `` `` J h ,`` dG
d `` JMe J cdH `` XG e `` a
XG b e MG `` Y dfa ,dG `` f
RHCG `` e ch ,I`` dG `` FXdH `` edG `` a ``
ch ,cdH `` adG `` Y MCG H `` J e `` MG
:JBc Me
c e IMGh jR M Y ASH cdG `` J CG
,idG bdG c`` d J dG `` dG Lh e `` Lh
Gg `` e jS `` cdG `` dhDG `` e `` c i`` HCa
TCG H k ` `e c `` dG cdG `` je dh ,G`` bG
:g FdG fch ,QdG Y H eCGh ,YEG
`` Y QhO (40^000) `` aJ CG `` cdG `` YSG
MU edG UCGh ,G Gg J jW Y 1987
.cdG jOdG UG MCG k dM j GbG

138

dG

GREG-c J EG- e CG Gk L cJ
df Meh QaCH CGH IG g dG
GHEH Y Gd ;AGQORGh j``dG e f
.gfh jNBG jd dG hO dGh

139

TdG SCG
ASDhQ Lj c ,`` e Xe Lj IC` `e c
EG J `` JG HUCG `` dG `` c h ,`` Ye
,WMEH `` FQ `` j `` G `` Xa ;`` NBG `` dG
jh ,ee hODj Xe `` e ASDhdG j a
J b dG G dh ,G jh dG bhCG
;G dG EG `` Lj XG `` H EG :g `` Y
Y e QdG H f CG feEH c GPEGh ,G`` d
:JBG dG CGf fYa ,SCG
e jdG G dh ,LRdG SCG fHdG j
cT U Gd ;SCG e c
m OY a d WGT
OJh ,HCG We EG `` d ;Ic k S SCG `` U
e OY EG dG `` g dh ,SCG e cCG `` c
J dG SCG j ,`` WdG EG OJ M ;`` jCG
.HdG d hJ LRW Z gh ,dG EG
fHdG dG cT OhR G g Y dh
hOdG Q`` Uh ,SCG Y `` d G `` S
gdG `` e e ,`` JOY M `` SCG h`` j
HdG `` G `` j dP `` dh ,`` HCG `` We EG

140

fGN cG e Ib Ie H SCG `` dh
fCG e ,QdGh dG H ,cG Y bdH CG`` J AG
HdG G CG fc G ,IG b Y `` J
,cG Y bJ dG dG W SG zdG{
.jj dG RdG dG W a j h
k e c d iJ
dG cT iMEG id Gk Qe hCG hD
G GYO :J CG ,jL M Y S a ,`` fHdG
fYEG `` M OS CG ,`` jdG `` VS `` a ,`` Vj
!?cG Y bJ dG SCG IOH FHdG bE
GVh a ,Yah e M EG GUJh fHdG q a
J !IU zTb S{ G SCG GN c
H Y iJh ,GG GQhdGh dH TdG S
SCG H jG J dh ,a IOLG SCG
a ,WdG EG dG OJ CG EG `` J J dG
!dG n U
p Go fCch ,k LRW bGe

!G dG e RdG dG W SG `` dG
hP A`` VQE ;jS `` M i`` NCG Ie c`` dG `` a
fGH S OhR CH IjL jW HGh ,G
,IOdG M M gOUG `` j dG SCG AHE ;`` e
?dc dCG FGQ Ia ;LRW gh H K eh

141

dG
``a ,``SCG ``H ``c ``T ``Y
jh ,``Y e k ``H ``j dG Q``dGh
o p fn
,dGh ``YH XG e jdG ``
a ,d ``aGh ``aGdG hj ``fCG ``S
d k aGO ``d ,``SJ j EG LH ``e
jdG ``gh ,GHEGh ``dGh cG ``Y
;XG H ``Lj dG TdG ``SCG g
``j ,IOG JGQb J GREG d
EG LGhh g
pq e dG jh ;``VdGh IQKEH
.T eh e
Gfj CG jjGh ASDhdG e jf dh
HdH cG XG SJ Tb ``SCG
``e ``M ``gj CG ``b ,b``dG ``ddGh
aGO Gfj CG gjf dh ,jdGh jQdG
.jdGh GHEG EG

142

UCG c ch ,dU LJ g c edG b

;e Hj SdG ch ,Gk `` N LG dG :b
H ,Gk HU GRe gh ,d KM dG FGdGh FG Id
ch ,Gk N LG ,dG :j a Vj Ie c
H ,KCdG Y hj a ,e HUCG GPEG AT a j
.d N g j e c CG eDe fC ;k SSCG KCj
VH `` ab `` Md `` HUCG `` e `` N `` j GP
FdH `` fi L e e `` T c ch ,IQ`` dG
,Gjd ;G`` bJ `` jW MQ Hh ,G`` dGh `` dGh
Y GJG ,db `` NCG ddG LdG CG G`` M eYh
eY a IOQ Ghd ;e e j L Y Gj CG
L EG :`` d Gdb ef `` e SG `` eYh ,dH `` j
:QdG Y a ,f d ,H eEG dhMh ,g
,g L :Gdbh !`` eCG e Ga ,Gk N `` LG ,dG
:Gdb ,Gk N `` LG ,dG :b ! Gk N `` LG ,dG :`` Jh
:Gdb ,Gk N LG ,dG :b !YH e e c `` Y
hOh Ik C` `ah ,Gk N `` LG ,dG :`` b !`` Heh `` cCeh
dL GbSh ,dG b Y fG ,QGfEG `` HS
eYh ,MU L d :Q`` dG a ,GHgh ,M

143
,dG :Gdb !Gk N LG ,dG :d bCG CG :b ,d `` S
.Gk N LG ,dG ,Gk N LG

dG
cGh ,d G ``gYCG dG cdG ``MC
p G
P e IOS cCG ``f ``a ,IMGh IMGh
.b

144

Y k dL c `` fCG `` S G f `` Y `` jo
,dG f H gJ b M H a ,`` WdG
YH GPEa ,AG H M dEG j
S a
UZh ,dG Na ,ga a AG e SCGQ LNCG b
dP j Sh ,jW YS dG `` YdG
,dG La ,ga ah ,AG e LN fEG K ,k e
fCT Y dCSh , `` ``S gYa .G e `` j h
?fc jCGh
IU GJ dG dG `` b EG ,G f j :`` da
,dg J G N bh ,AY IOhO aL h ,a
G cq h `` bh ,`` Te `` d e `` J CG Q`` J `` a
q ,bRQ MCG fCa ,bRH
;YdG g J G Sh
K Y ga Jh ,AG j a a NGO d
e LNh ,dEG `` bRQ UhCG GPEG K ,NOCGh I`` dG
.dG e LJ a EG IdG K
:db ?J e d S gh : S `` a
IdG g L J e j{ :J fEG ,f
.zMH eDG OY J
n ,bRH dG g

|o n m l k j }

145

dG

r q p o n m l k j}
.|Z Y X W V U T} .|s
I``U ``L A``Y IOhO ``j ``e EG
!?fEG j c ,AX e ,Aq U

146
aShje SGe

eCG h ,Jc R`` L eCG dh :LdG `` LCG

e :(G`` SH) jG `` Y OQ !`` vfhdEG Gk `` jH
k G OLe Z a ,`` vfhdEG Gk jH
a ,d OLh eh ,UC
!dG d j
,Xh Y G `` eCG ba gh ,LdG `` N
IY i`` S gh ,`` j CG Y GP`` e Gk c `` a
,GhGG fi EG LdG gP Y J H .GQhO
AMCG `` j NCG `` K ,WdG e `` bk hU i`` TGh
.WdG `` M jh ,RG Y h ,`` dG
CG EG ,Ge K f `` dG Qch G SCGQ `` Ye
QOCG .Gk QhO S j gh ,f dG de EG O`` Y
dH j `` NCa ,jdG `` H dG `` fCG LdG
k Ljh ,cdG dG j ,vej f
.d

,SGe Xh d aShje cT LQ J
NCG (G VQCG `` J) QNGh HG AGLEG `` H
SQEG `` Sh ,Y `` aGG `` b fCH `` XdG `` je
.hdEG jdG Y dG ITe jQJh ,H Fb

147
K ,HY AG`` H a ,`` YJ CG`` H LdG `` HQCG
Ud ;`` MdG e `` SCG jd UCG `` M ,`` MT
Qc e LdG `` UCG GS N `` H .FHd `` dG
e `` dh ,I`` G `` jdG `` jZCd `` jOQG
cCH Ja ,IG Y eCJ dH AGT a JSCG
dH Y `` jCGQ SG `` Vhe Hh ,eCdG c`` T
jH j CG `` eCdG `` cT Xe e `` a ,`` SJ
OQ !vfhdEG Gk jH eCG dh :LdG LCG !hdEG
h ,vfhdEG Gk jH :(GSH) XG Y
Gk jH jd CG d J !`` dG jQWGeEG g A`` H
!?dG S jCa !vfhdEG
!zaShje cT SGe{ :J H LdG LCG

`dG
.l n ```ap fn Im Qn `````V q Qo

148

HH GPEG ,IjG JQS H j CG c `` H

fL Y ThN H jh ,Gk M j GS dG P
Hjh ,HG j NCj dG b gh CH GPEa ,IQdG
k Me{ j c fCG j CG hO e ,Ge IY Y
SGG a cdG IO`` Y ej e) z`` vjEG
ch ,G `` HG HUCG H EG iOCG (`` HQh
!?HUCG J S e :CG Cj HG
CGHh ,IQdG EG O`` Yh ,CG `` jZ CG c G`` gh
ThG EG f ,VQCG Y SL Yh ,Ge IY cj
.zHCG j MCG fCG{ :c b La ,HG KMCG dG

`dG
.OhM d d dGh G
J CG ``b ,CG``J CG ``d ``Ua ``YC
p G
!IG ie Y J b Gk QGb

ThG

149
FQ J

cT IQGOEG FQh ,JJSh ,Gk `` je CG j

GhLa ,AGd jW cdG jM Gfc Ic
,Y OQe Y a ,H Ga ,k ` `b k jS k Me
.GWa ,W MGh d W KK d fCS :d b
S QL EG `` M MQ jQCG hCG `` fCG :jG `` b

p a ,jdG QGdG IOb jGH a SCG
.W Gk se ,NG bh EG
.WG :OQG d a ,fdG fCG :dbh ,IJdG g
,g NSCG GhdG QL EG gdG `` jQCG :da
.g g GPEa ,H h ,JM bH YCGh
.Wa ,fCG EG nj :IQGOEG Fd OQG b
fG jg IOYEG g jQCG e c :`` b
.AGdG bh fG GPEG cdG

`dG
hCG ``a ,``FQ ``Jh k ae ``J
.k FGO

150
dG Y bY

Y ,fQCG jCG `` SG ?GP :dG d `` b

g ICah ,k T J a OQCG GPEGh ,IdG VQCG
IdG YCG dGh ,cCGh ce K FGQh e fQCG `` Y
J h CG OQCG GPEG :`` dG `` b gY ,dEG `` j
.cDJ S EGh ,Y
m e k dL J CG j k T

dG
n `Jn Dr jo
.p en Cr e p Qo ``
p G

k T j ,dY IT Y j f `` g c
j c U fQCG BGQ Ie GPh ,Y abh AKCG
g ,dG `` jCG :d a ,`` dG Y `` j dG I`` dG
?k T YCG e LCG CG

151
!G kSCG c

k CG ihjo
jdG c a ,IQ HG SQCG LQ
ba ,cG j Oj ,dG c je `` H q e
GG Gg Rj c :f b K ,eCG j Y
.k YL S fCG EG XCG e ?dG
j c `` SCG bCG ,`` G Gg Y `` dG `` Hh
CG AT `` e e cCa ,`` dG e dH `` Lh ,`` ja
EG Uhh ,`` f Y `` dG ea ,`` fG K ,cC` `j
dG b `` FY ,T M e cCGh ,`` jdG `` jH
e CG :GPa ,k ` `L bG Rj G EG :`` f
?jdG GgCGh dG
,iCGQ e Y bh ,HCG EG O`` Yh ,S Y dG a
Gk SCG J CG d MCG Ea ,H j fl fCG :d b dGh dh
.OSCG jH J k K J CG ,jH e ddG cCJ

dG
a ,``dEG jNBG ``YCG ``j CG OGQCG ``e
,IOfi ``U hCG ,e IQe hCG ,e Gk eCG j CG
SdG S gY ,e k e a k YQH jh
dG ,``G ``dG be ``Sh ,``dEG
dG ,G ``SCG CT fC``T jh ,ddG
.jNBG a j dG

152

H Ie GP G`` f M fCG `` G b `` j
Hj CG GQa ,ibCG fCG Yj e wc ,dGh jdG
j jCGh ,HK e OdG Y ae `` LQ QLEG
dhG fc bh ,ibCG fCH NBG d S dP
d ,LdG Y dG d ;H g dG `` jd hCG
jH iNCG Ie dhG jdG Qch ,HH IH
Ib Hh ,HH CG EG LdG e c `` a ,k Y cCG
.SG jdG YCG
,OG aH `` bTCG jGdG ,`` dG QhO A`` Lh
,dG `` TCG TGh ,`` bdG JS H `` LdG `` a
,cCa cCG TGh ,NGdG QGREG Y dH LdG a
.HK c e Oh ,j c ;dG EG LdG a

dG
LG hO ,``J ``e ``J C``dGh ``dH
``dReh J``SDe r``a ,``jNBG ``eh
.jdG e Y sdh ,dG e YGQTh

dGh jdG

153
OhM H hje

j GP G `` H Y TGdG G qn ` `SCG
,dbCG `` MCG Y k dGh `` d ;HUCG `` MCG QNG `` f
d ; Y YS `` YS H HdG U `` dh
Y j j eCH QOH dh ,d TQ dG G
?IQeEG dj CG dCa eDG eCG EG gPh ,k T
k `` qn ah ,jOG `` Y `` HG
b K ,b
eCG Gg j e dh ,dd fOQCG `` c b :Md
.Z hh ,aU K ,dEG r n jo h ,Y rn jo

dG
;OhM H ``jje IgX ae ``e ``H
G I``T j ``a ,Y ``SB
m e ``e d ``
j
q e Ggh ,dG IT f j IQeEGh
QeCG ``j dG AdG j gh ,dG Y ``H
.AGS M Y OdG IMh ,OdG

154

Gk AL NCj CG G H Y eDG eCG OGQCG

H Sd `` dPh , `` SdG `` Y
SdG `` H `` e
,d Gk Qh `` SdG H ch , G SQ `` e
dG H jM Y np tJGh ,SdG aa

,jM W Sj CH g
q L e Sda ,eCG
SdG NCGh ,aQ Y G dh
Y CH
NBG h ,`` VdG d BG a ,`` dEG f `` Lf CG
,MG Md `` fCG QGOEGFdG Y `` gH
.jNBG MU GM fh

dG
MU GM fh ,MG Md
.jNBG

MG MdG

155
HH NG

Y M gCG e QGR Gk ah G H Y CS
d ,eDG eCG j N Y :Gda ,b H GY dGh
,gQa Gk QGO : Y OO`` jh ,gQa Gk QGO d H b `` fCG
k dEG aj K !b H H H !!SdG Y H ej
SQ
.Eqn G H FG
p K ,HH Ma QGdH CGHG :d j
a ,`` dGH O`` jh ,`` M EG `` SdG `` ajh
j K ,HGdG dG M Fd Y Y G
LdG Oj h ,`` eZCGh bdG HEG `` J M zIG{
Sd fe jh ,M j CG Y eCj M ,j
dhj K ,HCG `` j c N Gg :`` d jh ,I`` YdG
H j HCG c dG dG e N gh :d jh ,Y
j YQGh ,JG :d jh ,HEG EG H j K ,Z Y
SQCG g :k Je d jh ,Yj M H K ,G`` Y
.Gk HCG a J h ,Y EG LQG !?Jh d

dG
Fda ; g jOCJ jW ``MCG
.FGQ S k M

156

H b GO`` S e Gk S `` b H `` MCG c
LQ k ej Aa ,YH j ,k M ,k cP ch ,HdG
:LdG a ?d np :MCG d a ,Lh Y `` dh
k SdG H YCG d
H S VCG CG e GWh ,e
d :Ahg H `` b H ,MCG j a ,Lh `` Y
H S `` g eGb H QG E` `a , H S C` `NCG
.Lh dh ,Lh J CG H QLCG ch ,dG
dh ,eGb H QG EG QdG `` Y LdG ga
,j bh ,Z e S NCGh ,QG a ,Lh Y
e e h`` dG Yh ,I`` dGh IdH Gk Q`` e c `` M
.j b CG LdG AGL a ,Y j

dG
H ``J CG k ``fMCG a``Gh dG ``e
``VdG e j k `` ;``jNBG ``N ``e ``e
.d IQGh

YCG REG

157
eH IOdG

;dG e NGO k ehO `` j cT FQ g c

XG MCG `` Lh GPEG ch ,`` Xe j `` d
iMEH `` j c j GPh ,Gk Q`` a H `` j fEa ,`` j
k iCGa ,`` JL
Ca ,jM T b EG `` j eY
?a Y Ie NBG fc e :edG FdG
YS `` Y `` e :`` gG `` c hO `` edG `` LCG
S `` NCGh ,L `` j `` FdG `` Vh `` gY ,k ` `jJ
e fCa ,Of N :d bh ,ed `` gYCGh ,Gk QhO
Y Gk e j c `` Hh ,OdG edG NCG ,`` dG e
YCG dh ,d Gk T :jd bh ,QGSG dG e
.iNCG cT YCG fCa ,jd

dG
jh ,FG j CG g FdG QhO EG
hO e MCG EG ``dGh ,dG ``bdG
.

158
jMCG FH

k FH `` Sj CG Q`` a ,cP `` YCG `` LQ `` FdG c

NBG FdG SGh ,JGP `` dhdG EG f G `` NBG
e SCG O`` Y eYh ,`` YSCG `` Je `` MQ I`` FdG
:D SGh FQ Y NOh ,ITe cT EG QG
,dhdG g jMCG d FGQ Ua jd ,FdG `` jCG
.H j MCG Lj a

dG
,fl TCH f ATCG hj SdG EG
,gdG LJ Y Ic LQH j GQOEHh
k IOG Qa
IOG :g S c``T id e
LJ h ,i``NCG Ie dEG ``fDhY Lj CG ``g
.Je

EG YSCG `` J e jeCG jMCG `` FH SQCGo

YCG ebE feEG CG g fc EG id ;edG hdG iMEG
K ,YSCG Ie dhdG Lh ,IFdG FdG SG bh ,a
g Ua CG `` d LJ :FdG `` jCG ,FQ d O`` Y
.WEG Y g jMCG CG j fEG ;dhdG

159
jG e jJ

,G jDhQ Y jH J cdG NCG eY

dJ J e ,d hCG J CG ZQ `` Yh
,Je `` J M e adG `` JQb IOjd ;`` fEG
.jjG Je ea EG hj XG NCG
`` h ,`` a `` dH `` jjG `` Je `` fca
,S Ic `` e f e c O`` j PEG ,SGh `` Me
Hh ,YLG aZh ,`` UG eM e d ch
J JG `` J G c `` fch , Oh`` e
hJ GQG `` Y G dG MdGh ,I`` NH d
.M IhK
JG J IO`` YEG CG Y np tJG ,jW `` Tf Hh
.dM Y cJ e cCG J S
a e hCG c cd `` jL FQ AL eY `` dh
hH SGh ,OdG e JG VQCG jH `` eCG CG
,G J OYCGh ,c bCGh NQCG ve k KKCG `` JG
dMh jDhdG Mh ,ZQa HCG hO `` VGdH j H
fC ;jDhdG `` e eh Ya JGQOe A`` Lh ,bGh EG
.YH M

160
dG

,REG bh ,H eDJ e g AdG b

.a dG H

161

IOdG SSCG

d k ge `` SdG Y SdG `` N QH `` j
GY j Gk SCG bh IhdG AKCG h , fi NCG HG
, SdG `` Y j `` SCG `` e ch , O`` e `` H
,jh Nj `` a ;j CG SdG `` j `` dh
: a ?G `` SQ j H e : `` HdG MCG `` dCa
.Dj SdG fCG
j CG hO ,`` SCG `` e EG HdG `` MCG `` ga
KdG Id ;`` j SdG Lh `` dHh , `` SdG
e :dCa ,CG`` g b `` SdG iCGa LQ `` gHh ,`` Y
NCG gY ,CG`` g b SdG `` fCG :b ?G `` SQ j `` H
a ,SdG Kh e N fCH SdG HdG
``gPG : ``b , :`` ` a ?iSCG H dP a hCG :`` d
.bKh Nh

dG
``F````dG ``````S````SCG ```e IGh`````````Gh ``````dG
.AGYCG e M ,JbNCGh

162

MCG Q`` G HGH Y G`` LQ `` g c

`` M `` j k ` `fHj hCG `` LdG c `` bh ,GQ`` G
QhG Y HdG Yj k fjH dG c H ,Jc
H HdG YS fQ gY ,QG HGH Y FH
CGHh ,YS U QR Y HdG V PEG ,IOe `` Z
.YdG OLe jd U Jg Y dG
,eG LddG g e gdH jdG UCG
HdG dh ,YdG He QhO 5000 HdG Y VYh
QhG HdG IYe jdG `` SG ,dG aQ
HdG YS CGH G`
m ` K IY Hh ,QG Y `` FH
,YdG A`` Z HdG a IG `` g h ,iNCG Ie `` J
S `` eSG ,bO `` Je Mdh TT `` a
.Y OdGh hdEG jH
Y VYh ,IjT `` gO Yd jdG `` f
EG :HdG b iNCG I`` eh ,He QhO 25000 `` HdG
HdG IYe jdG SGh ,`` d d YdG
g h ,dK Ie YdG `` fa ,dG FM `` M
c IG g h ,ca S HdG eSG I`` G

LddG IQSCG

163

dG dG OGRh `` YdG AG`` T Y k e `` jdG

HdG dCS gY ,QhO (30000) EG Uh M `` VY
?dH JRH OdG fc EG
H k T `` d QMh ,T aO jdG `` NCa
dG IQ`` U d YdG `` HdG SG `` gY ,Gk Q`` a
,GjS UG HM EG G jH bh ,`` H EG
a ,Gk `` e QSh jd `` gYCGh ,YS `` N K
k HdG OQ ,`` FM `` f d !fG :`` jdG
:Fb
.YdG jQH g EGh ,FM d fEG

dG
J ``fCG e cCJ ``VhdG A``dG ``b
.dG UJ L

164

MS OG`` eG `` Y `` j c `` jH IQ`` e `` SQM

d ;ObdG jR e j e Y T c jh ,`` U
Gk c j `` j fCh ,k ge IQ`` G AV Y `` aj
iMEG h ,J `` dEG GQjdG `` fc a ,MdG `` Y
k e `` Wh ,IQhG `` jdG e ICGeG `` JQGR `` dG
b
k e OGQCG CG QGRh ,`` JSCG LC jdG `` e
jdG e b
;jdG e AT EG `` MG NBG LQ QGRh ,Me `` LC
j a ,de d `` H dG c Ch ,Y jj `` c
.VadG hN Gk MCG Oj SQG
e fhfl CG `` M ,j CG dG `` ThCG eY `` d
,IQG AV IC` `a Cfa ,f CG `` d e K ,GvL b `` jdG
Yh ,SdG e `` c gh ,IjY S bZ dG `` J h
ZdH `` d ,M e Y `` dG jT `` SQG GH `` dG
d) :`g G`` G X a ,aSGh IQ`` G JGQGYG `` e
.(k WS IQG AV Y aG d jdG YCG

dG
Gk ``VM LCG e J dG dG j GPEG
.jdG J a k FGO gP

IQG SQM

165
dG dG QS

aG e eCe Gj CG eGdG dG OGQCG d

PEG ,dG `` dG QS Ga ,`` dG e `` eOdG `` jHdG
;bGNG h ,`` Y Id ;`` J j `` MCG `` fCG Gh`` YG
.dG H d GZJ Ggh ,ac Id
QdG A`` H YCG `` dG hCG `` S `` G N `` d
J I`` e c h ,h`` d G`` e `` K `` dG `` VJ
H ,J hCG QdG G`` NG EG LM jHdG `` aG
a ,dG `` Y Njh ,k SQM I`` e c Tj G`` fc
,IQG e QGSCG Y OYH eGdG dG fG
.dG gAHCG Gj CG Gfh

dG
S e AH b ,fEG AH CGJ CG j
.ej

166

bh ,JSCG WEGh Jb c EG j CG `` g c
,dEG gdG Qa ,SCH e IjL Y CG Gg S
e HSCG H ,MGh `` Y Ie JSCG J fhDe J `` bh
,IjG `` Y QdG e Gk `` NCG QdG `n ` Yh `` dG
gGG j CGHh ,IjT H T SCG iCGQ `` eYh
EG Oj CG bh ,IQG e VQCG Y Ie fc `` dG
aCG LH H j CG Qb IjG `` JhH JSCG
JSe iMEG NCG Lh dG CG Hh ,IjG `` a
.AGd k K Od gYCGh
CSh ,J i`` HCGh Ld k ` `K SG O`` dG aQ
d SCG CG d a
qn ?IjG g g j Y CG
jd b d dG AdG CGh ,IjG g b CG `` d
;gO CG jd c EG O`` dG dCSh ,`` LdG gO g `k ` a
id j `` dHh ?IjG `` b YCG dG `` fC
CG EG VG K eh ,dG IQJa `` H aj A`` T CG CG
.jO Oj d ;dG j
,G `` dG CGHh ,`` SCG e `` jd e CG `` dCG
Gea ,JQbh JAc dG h`` je M TCG IY Hh

LdG gO

167

e j e QNOG e h ,`` jO OsS Y Hh ,`` bH

;H EG O`` Y K eh ,GvL k jK `` j d ,LdG `` gO
.JSCG U d
,AG H GLN e `` JSCG Y eY
EG GhVG fCG LQd ,jZ FGH Gk Qa GhT `` dh
e jd e e NCGh ,`` G CG a ,afCG `` ZEG
,AZCG `` UCG d `` fG :Lhd `` bh ,LdG `` gO
c ,ec S H ? fCG g :Ie LhR `` HLCG
SSCG VdG EG ?SCG jCG ! LO gO g H OJ `` e
g ?dP f a ,SCG Y QdG g c MQ `` e
,M k Y `` j NOCa ,UCG dSQ `` LdG cJ
ac fc dG e IO`` LG IMdG SCG e `` NCGh
.jL e AdGh ,jdG ad
fh ,IG G ag f ddG f
CGfh ,YCG Y e a ,a b d dG ATCG
e hJ dG ATCG gh ,dM e LdG g`H dG
.a bDe H

dG
O CG ``JM ``J ``d ``Y ``j
.d k fl Jh ,VH bh ,e

168

b (ZQJ .h.) j (IadG) GH de

iMEH I`` MGh aZ VG `` TGa eRj `` fc `` LQ
FSh e ZdHh ,S KG dM fc bh ,G
h ,je h ,RJ a) :b fc dG d MG adG
jG SGH QdG e Y jb JbY E` `a (c
AGHG ,`` j Ve c `` Y `` K PEG ,`` H O`` G
Y Gk c K c ,`` dG Ve EG FdG Ve `` e
d ,TGdG QOj `` e MCG j a ,dG `` JM
Y ch ,I`` adG IGP O`` Ld ;k Xfi c Gk `` MGh
.IadG eCG YS Ie j CG dG e Ac
d ,ed LQG dG j c IG J N
,NGdG EG `` LQG dG `` d j `` bdG `` UH c
Gfc jdG `` SdGh ,I`` dGh G `` MdG d k ` `UGh
dG J Y j edG UCa ,g bh j
,AT c ij eR d ;dH j CGH k Ieh ,UdG
e H `` MCGh ,MGh A`` T jDhQ `` j `` g `` H
U KCa ,j `` cCG c eCG d ,J Q`` aCG
jdG jG SG eCG iMEG h ,dM A`` Sh
Hfh k fMGh ,dG HU j c dG IadG e

IadG

169

j c ;Q`` dG j CG j `` d ,k bNGh `` S
Gk O G `` eR X dP AKCG ,`` JY `` VG
EG dG k ` `e ,`` adG S `` j ,`` TGa `` a
.k T j CG hO e dH FGdG IG GU
,k e IadG `` LQ d VG `` NO `` dG h
b Y `` H dG jG `` W m c bh `` e CG H `` K
d T c a ,aG `` eR e NCj CG I`` G
f Lh CG O`` Ggh ,ZQ `` a ,IadG `` Y
N e j CG ae EG Gk e ,hM adG Gk Mh
J h ,`` LQG dG `` X MhQ `` d ;I`` adG
.Qa QGvL Y J IadG CG cG M gO

dG
``j k ``FGO Dh``dGh ``HjEG ``dG
.f aCG JM

170

,G Q`` e a `` MdG gCG `` MCG CG `` jo

SCG Nh ,H `` dG FGdG QL HG `` TGh
cDj QG HG `` j AT c c QG A`` N `` MdG
d ,JcM ,`` JU Gf ,e `` jW ,bdG `` T
b c `` M ,dG `` dhW N Q`` e Y `` Y `` eY
.QL HG T KCG ij j ,aOH S
,FGQ Ia Y `` S hCG jCGQ dG I`` e c
a ?dH Y jW J CG hO Gk Qa gOYH b K
jjG EG hj SdG c ffEd IdG IdG AKCG
fCG Y ffEG cT EG JcT jH Gej jdG
K Hh ,SaEH `` gAcT hOjh hYh h`` NCe
fCG `` Y dEG `` jo `` fCG h`` jG c `` a G`` S
dPh ;jY hhPh `` Y jDhQh JGSEG H `` j
.aCG H ffEG Ga M ,GhfGh GYj fC

dG
.jDhQ jd J CG H h ,iJ CG H a

QG HGh QG

171

QaCG J

Y J cCG MG SGH SdG QaCG J

G CG EG (fGa eH) UJ a ,GG jW
fGL NCGh ,`` JdG Y Yj G `` H GPEG
GG Y fGL hMh ,dP j Gk MCG d ,`` dH
IcdG jGdG h ,eCG fGa Sa ;dP CN KEG
G H QRh G EG `` fGa gP HdG `` d
H UEH ch ,SdG e dG jdG fL Y
.Gk QhH a QR K ,NGO G Vhh ,hG
,GG La ,`` YYJh QhdG `` SCG Hh
cCG Ic Jf k ahM GhgT fCG g `` e h gh
Vh d :`` J G f `` bH e IQfh Gk QG`` NG
dP H `` fGa j Ggh ,`` G Gg `` G
.G FGa UH fGL dO LM

dG
,MG SGH SdG QaCG J J
.GG jW Y gJ cCG

172

:(VEG edG Ib) c a eQf `` j

fg `` dDhd jG QG`` dG m Ie GP `` CG `` c
e P fc ,Td jSCG eCG f Lh M ,fc
k M ,LGdG `` Vhe TdG
ISe Th e
a hCG QdG `` Y NBG AT CG hCG ,`` H `` ShY hCG `` Y hCG
NBG AT CG `` e cCG gdH HUCG `` e d ,`` YGQdG
Y Th k LP UH `` VhG dG g g
.zGk SN cCG d dh{ :G
k a dG `` MU `` dCa ,k ge `` G `` NO
g j UTCG g k M `` g ,dG J EG f
,gOLCG `` Y zGk SN cCG d `` dh{ :gdG `` G
CG c ,eCG UCG d :d a ,k fMCG ,f :LCa
?dP j dG Gb ec k ffEG
:e H `` bh ,L `` Y dG LdG `` f
.zdG Y TdG g G Y TdG b{
TCGh k HU `` cCG dG j `` dG g `` e h
.k H

dG Y TdG

173

dG
G b dG eh ,NGdG e CGj dG
.| } | } ~

174
aGdG Obh

YCGh ,G L ,Y TG e GfG CG H
b fEG :cQG d b a ,gh fc dG FdG
H ,IY e M S EG G`` UJ H ,Gk L G`` Y
EG EG G`` Uj M ,G`` NCG fEG :NBG `` d `` b
.IY e M KK
,jL e T d iNCG RdCG IY YCG dP H
MG Gah fCG GhNCG jdG UTCG CG dG `` fa
CH GhNCG `` jdG H ,fdG `` MG aCG G`` Y hCG
,fdG MG CGSCG GY hCG MG k V c gAGOCG
gh Ff Y k e c ADd Lh dG OfG CG `` ZH
.fdG MG geJ SG dh,hCG MG

dG
.d XG SM j cdG dG k M

dG G Y jL e gdG MdG hj
e MCG `` dG `` j UTCG EG :`` J `` dG
UTCG e `` Y c ,QdG iMEG `` a ,jd
f g RdCG `` fch ,e MGh d R`` dCG IY `` H
.d dH

175

G He

NU S eY ,dG QG`` H j AWCG MCG EG

k Ye dG ia ,dG j LQ e IdG d
e Ha ,`` LdG PfE AG `` b K ,`` dG `` V EG
OSG CG Q`` ah ,d dhCG `` aSEG J CG`` Hh ,A`` G
k dG `` S ,aCGh Yh `` LdG
k dW ;j `` NBG LQ
fCGh ,dG EG Qa e dG b ,j CG b IYG
.dG LdG
S ,dG `` e aj dG `` LdG CGH CG O`` h
OY iNCG Ieh ,I`` YG jh j k dK `k ` LQ dG
,iNCG NU S `` gY ,LdG fCGh .AG EG `` dG
PfEG Y e dG J CG Hh ,iNCG K iNCG `` K
k La ,dG YCG EG f IQG
jh IQH LQ
.dG H

dG
hCG ,SdG IYe f MCG H
VGYCG LGe hCG ,FG J hCG ,HQCG IOjR
Y f CG f fCG LQd ,Ffh ``G
.G UCG

176

QdG jY CG `` J dG QdG e `` jdG jLCG

,WCG `` Y Te `` KCG d j CG `` `` Jh
e Z ,jN W `` Vh ,QdG iMEG h
e jhe H dG `` WCGo h ,e fM
dG dG eCG ,`` hO j c hCG dG :`` dG
,eWEG `` a `` j Ie c `` Wjh ,`` Y `` Hj `` a
.cCG m YH dG dG CG fc dGh

dG
``edG ``Y ``dG ``dG A``VEG EG
d j CG `` ,k eY SdG ``eh ,XG ``e
,``dGh jG ``H gQeEa ,``c ``KCJ
e jJ CG ``dG hCG dH a``G Mh
.FGOCG

dG dG

177
jDhdG jY

J GQ`` dG Y (OQ`` a g) q a I`` e

,dG hG (V-8) P`` dG fEG ,IjL GQd Q`` K
REG a ,dG Ja `` d k bGJ OQa c `` bh
.SG Y VYh edG SQ
MGdG GUh eSdG `` J SG SQO eYh
OG j gFb CG gh ,f UG EG NBG J
M CH hj CG d jH Yh ,Sd SSCG
.z`` `M CG Y L``fEG Gdh`M{ :d b OQa d ,e
REG hdH `` geCa .ze dP d{ :G`` HLCa
,bh e dP c e Gj CG EG dG QGSGh
SdG H SdG H ,TCG S Ie dG GYa
.ihL hO d ,dG H dGh
H ,ihL hO d ,iNCG TCG S I`` e GTG K
Ja CH h`` NCa ,Se OQa LGQ `` S Qhe
,c G`` gh ,dhG QG`` SH `` eCa ,`` e `` eCG
c d (V-8) PdG AH `` jW j GP GcG `` a
dh ,f AdG k L j Seh (OQ`` a)
.JGP aCG d j

178
dG

,``H ``e `` `` I``HGh ``dH

j da ,IdG HU fc e bJh
.L eH

179
r hp b

:dH A`` c AfEG YV `` bh I`` e GP

dGh ,c AfEG CG iCGQh ,bG EG f hCG dG
,WH `` Sa ,AfEG `` e j CG `` j h ,`` FS
.M dh
jh j CGa ,dG d SG Ia r o J
SG dG Ch ,`` flh M Y k H ;AfEG A`` LQCG
IOe EG `` J dG CG`` H a ,`` ehGh `` MdG
dG gYh ,`` U T UCG M ,`` Se
.AfEG QN dG e

dG
Gk gX ``LGf dG ``G M j ``b
MCG H Y j bh ,jGdG eeCG
gGf M ,``ehG QG``SGh ,``Y dG
.gRh fh

180

n `` UCG `` d
IdG `` WCG `` e `` G `` n G
dG e e aOe `` dG Gg n cG
p bh ,`` dG
,c `` j YQGG `` MCG c PEG ,`` g mA`` f `` bEG
j QGG c H ,j GPh ,`` U M jd ch
e k e c dG Ch ,NGH Gh dG TG G
.k bM M G dh ,Y JCG GdG Ea ,G
bh dG KQdG cG H EG QG`` G OY eYh
AT Y k H ;`` jG jH NGO j `` LdG NCGh ,`` d
k je UCG `` b G L `` La ,e IOSG ``
CGHh jj H G G `` eCa !T FGQ e `` J
.jd W bGe CG La ,bhj
GhDhHh ,d jQhG `` YQGG LdG YSG `` gY
G UCG `` dP `` H ,cCH G`` SGh `` G h`` J
Zj LdG c eY PEG ,jdG Gk T k W G
K ,GcCG MCG NGO G `` j Gfc fEa ,`` dhJ
.dG dP QdG j

n
G n G

181

dG

dG GAG``LEG ``J ``MCG ``e ``c

e cCG F``N ``Jh ,Ya Z YJG j
LGe A``G ``j CG j ``dd ;``FGdG
e j M ;edG dYCG J ``jW
.

182

W U S cdG e EG jG NO eY
dG SG a ?adG e a ,YLG aZ
,IOM GffCH `` LhR UCG `` d ,S j Gk Y :`k ` Fb
k LCG h ,`` eJ MGQ EG `` h
U QMEG i`` S M
Sh ,IdG `` S `` VdG CH WCGh ,`` e
U Hh ,`` eCG H c `` e CGh ,`` Y ODhCG
IOS `` j J `` a !Ah`` dGh OCG `` jZ `` S `` dG
...Kh ,jG
,cJh eh ,`` a KCG fCG :e cCH `` jG `` j
j `` Xe hCG `` fEG M ,jT `` H `` SG `` T
c J Yh jG jOM CG c ,cdG e U
eh dG iMEG U SG J .!k Ye Gk `` eCG
U Hh H Ja ,Y RE ;IQhG `` ad
f bh ,dG `` fG CG SG `` j K ,`` j
dh ,dG Oj NCGh ,YS e cCG H fGh U
!Oj
...YH ah dG aZ f LJh k Ye b
k Ye g !`` adG OLe Z da ,IC` `Ld `` jh

dGh jG

183

L j CG`` H K ,j `` a IQhG `` dG `` j
,k bh Gk JJ SG OGORa ,KCG h LQ dh ,G HGW
j H GPEG ,k Fj k ee SOdG HdG e j CG `` bh
.a j dG dG iMEG e k eOb dG U
k ` e adG `` J EG `` cQ
!eCG `` j dh ,h`
f YS jGJh ,`` Je CGh M m H `` T
jG aZ fc a j `` dG IMdG ada ,b
g Gg CG J `` bh ,jG aZ H SG `` a !`` dG
jG c !J fc ICLG d ,cdG d j NBG
WCd H hCG eCG bh ,VQCG TaG b dGh
d PEG ,cj eO iNCG j h ,j d j
!bQh b dGh g

dG
`` ``FGQh I``L ``W ``g k ``FGO
hO ,``M ``JJ ``dG A``NCGh ``dG
.f e QT hCG eGH SG

184
OH EG

Y Gk gT ,gOQhCG dG dG LdG dP G
XdG IG c KCG d dG OGh H EG
IFGd Gk je YCG fCG :`` dG MU j ,dG `` Y
H a S bh ,a YCG `` dG cdG XdG
N e cCG d a ,FXdG iME dGh `` dG
GNh OcCG GOT hhP L ,Xeh Xe e
dG HG CG dG QGb ch ,d `` gDJ
.QNG G g
`` dG `` HG `` YGe `` dhH `` b :`` jh
gh ,XdG `` dW MCG a Hf dG `` dG A`` L CG EG
d b ,SdG `` Y L CG Oh ,G `` a
k G WhT Y `` eCS :`` XdG
,hjJ e Gdb `` K ,hC
fCGh ,dG Gg e G Sa ,FdG G `` dh
dP QKCGh ,dEG j e g H ,WhT Y `` S
bH fCG :b ,jJ e b :d Gda ,dah M
b SEG H Y e
qn G dh (L) SG `` fG

JM QeCG jh ,e CG eDj eY fEG EG

.d k dfl Dhe c EGh ,Gk e k ffEG S L

185

L)EG (L) `` e SG Sh ,a HSCG `` KK

a ,dG Ge N f G `` fh ,(fi
VYCG ,IdG `` bhCG k e k ` `bh FYEG `` Y
k
.SdG GhdG H Y H
CG `` dG `` bQG `` e `` fEG :`` LdG `` dP `` j
c fh ,eG `` V MdG G `` g fi L
FO fEGh JCG ;d dG QNG AL dh ,e
dG `` g EG M ,T `` dG `` JYh
bRQ NCJ c ;J Sh ,G K fi S
k
;eSEG YCG fCG ,fi L hCG L SEHh ,M
HCG FGQ b fEG ,fEG Ibh SEG MS e `` jCGQ
ShdGh G H KCJh ,gOS Fbh M Gk c
SMCGh MQGH Y Y Ub
qn C ;G b PdGh
.dG IG bGH HQh

dG
Z a ,jNBG Y HH J
.HCd JM e

186

S GP`` eh ?Fb `` g j GPEG `` j GP`` e

J Q ?IOd g hCG eg f g j `` eY
Mh Gh dG e dM iS J d dG CG J hCG
CG fl `` H h ,IY K `` dh ,`` VdG
e jb `` Y Ua `` jJ IO`` b O`` Lh Y
.cCH YU jh ,GSCGh G J fCT
`` dGh `` jdG IO`` dGh A`` dG `` Z c `` H
b ,VG V f j c eh ,SDd `` SdG
jVa YL CG hjh ,Id Gk Qe BG `` UCG
YGb dJ `` M ,gh `` SGQ `` SDe ``
h ,SCGQ H Fc gh ,dG `` EG dG e `` dG
bH Y S a `` d J ,e f hCG Gk ce ``
c IQe `` FdG AYCG E` `a ,`` bGdG h .A`` YCG
,f EG dG b GPEG fEG M ,YQPCG e GQP
f e eJ CG Y S H , d fCH CLa
fCG gh ,Y UN dG d CG CG ,f FdG e
.fe S NBG k YGQP Ea YQPCG MCG b GPEG

dG h dG

187

dG

``SQ Gk QhO FGd J h ,dG c c

.IG jW

188

GC H `` bh ,QH `` d `` j c `` fZ CG `` j
JOa iMEG S Q`` dG OU Yh ,dG Q`` dG
geQh ,fdG IOdG H SCG CG EG e c a ,`` FGM
DhbUCG `` a ,Q`` dG S `` Y hCG IO`` dG QG`` H
AGG IO`` a eQ GP ?`` a e Y M `` e :`` dCSh
j dG d `` MCG :M H fZ a !?i`` NCG
Lh d PEG ,`` H fG a ,`` JOa j CG AG`` G
,e dG IOdG e fCG SCG dh ,J a IMGh IO`` a
Ic YGb ?M h `` fZ jH YS jCGQ `` a
:dG J Y J
,AGM a G a ,QeCG aGH fG Y -1
a ,I`` d `` e EG `` gj `` `` JC EGh
jW c `` a ,G `` e hG `` Y AG`` M
,SdG `` b``NCG `` Th `` VhCG `` S IO`` dG
...h ...h ,`` fdG G Jh `` bdG Q`` ``fGh
CG G `` Ma ,AGM O `` g ,NCG j `` Y q ` `g
dP b MGh ,Z AGT Y IQdH Y `` fCG
Ga EG fGh .!`k ` UCG G H Y `` fCG CG
bU YGh d G `` e AHG fCG Y AG`` G

fZ AGM

189
c e J C YGO a ,f Y gh ,NCG
!dG IAGHh dGh dG IdG M e
c b c a ,e V hCG Ja e Y G Y -2
.a e Y dG j dh
Y dh ,OG Y AH IG GQGdG PJG -3
SdG `` e dG `` a ....G`` Gh G`` dG
dhfi h `` H ,IQdGh dG `` g K `` be
....CG AGM LCG e SdG `` Jh ,QdG jEG
AH ,QG`` b JGh ,LGe k ` `fL Vh fZ `` dh
j M ;QdG QjEG ...QjEG CGe Y
j AGG S dG d QjEGh ,e
.H a ,jCG e
AGM Ga CG `` fYG a ...e EG `` G `` j -4
,fa ,d e EG `` dq M a ,d fi `` fZ
.JM IYdG J Wh ,eCJh
PJG OYG e Y g N gh ,jdG YS -5
a ...Cq m ` `Hh fY IQ`` H I`` G GQG`` dG
,U IQH d k e `` Y QGdG
.FJh U IQH JGQGb a

190

dG

,``d ``J CG ``g ``G IO``dG

U eCG da ,k fL JZQh ``e ``Jh
G IO``dG EG :b e dh ?dc ``dCG
.G S

191

Gh G

IQh jG `` YQe HdG `` H G `` d c

NO j GP h , `` S HCG H jhe `` YQ
,HdG HG a ,HdG HG YQe EG jhe YQe q Y
e{ :IjT IhGY H fc bh ,eO jh `` ch
,H eCG .OcCG cBG g HG jhe EG HdG H G `` Y
hCG ,e h`` H ga ,YQe EG G`` NO `` dY Ea
.zCT e qfd g EG dEG dGa
,gCGa SdG MCG e ch ,jh dSdG `` Ua
!?Oj SQCG HdG HG jCGQ e :jj H b `` K
NBGh Y dhCG k ` `L d SJ CG iQCG :`` jj HG d `` a
IcR dP `` e N
l H :jhe `` a ,SCGH `` JCj `` Y
.k MQ bCGh
e{ :a `` j HdG `` H G Y EG `` dSQ `` a
GP ASCG HG) HdG H GY EG S HCG H jhe
d Hh H fdG fc d G a :H eCG (bdG
,dEG ad eO EG jG e YQe fc dh ,`` dEG
EG Yh ,YQe EG YQe a Gg Hc Uh GPEa
.zVQCGh GhdG VY G q L Ea ,d a ,dY

192
,edH `` sH M H dSdG `` HdG HG CG`` b a
eYCG :d bh ,SCGQ q bh ,eO jhe EG `` aSh
!G Gg jb qn MCG k M G

fjb e EG f MCG e c
e j YOCG da ,Sh H H IdG
.HjEG FdG M

dG

193

cCG e

d k eSh `` J CG Q`` jf je `` e Q`` b

:T H MGh d dbh ,jfdG d SQJ `` dW
Jh ,a cJ dG `` HjEG KCdG hCG ,d Y GP`` e
?dG h a KMCG dG dG g e :e MGh d
:gdG dH Y k He QRCG k ` `eSh jdG Jh
.zdG ...cCG e{
,dG d k Yhe `` J CG dP H G Q`` b
g GYG :`` d dbh ,ShCG `` KK dW d `` YCG PEG
k T e zSGG{
j ,n M Gk J a (q Z) a
e g ch ,`` MGU H a KCG `` c :d bh ,eeCG `` b
jh ,j d ;ShCG bH YCG dP H ,d dH
.fCGh fCG k L Y S dG GMGh jdG jW
e jb cT jQGOEG MCG EG `` gP dG e MGh
fC ;Y `` H d YGh ,h`` G Ia d Th `` de
Y k eSh `` YCGh ,XdG `` `` dG `` YS
QGOEG e c `` a !a `` j eSh Sh ,Q`` U
Yh Y H d `` YGh FQ EG gP CG EG `` dG
.(Xe e idG c c FQ CG e) dG QJ

dG QGOEG dh ,dG Gg e FdG `` SG

,QRCG k ` `eSh Y j `` fCG d j CG `` FQ `` e `` W
Yh ,`` dG QGOEG `` bh ,e `` Y FdG `` aGa
j eSh `` YCGh ,FQ Q`` U Y QRCG `` SdG
G jdG d Th ,dH d j d a
jGH dEG JCG dG ddG b d cPh ,dhCG e jdG
GMGh jdGh GYG jW CG YCG :d bh ,eCG
.H e SdG H KCdG J SdG Jh
:d bh ,dh e L `` de EG FdG LQ `` eY
MCG AL PEG ,`` dG dG `` FGQ AT M `` d ,`` H CG
H `` YGh k eSh `` YCGh Qbh `` cdG `` Xe
j XG Gg ,`` H j QJ ,YGHEGh jHh ,`` Y
j cCG `` e) k eSh jh ,`` Yh e `` fEG :
YCG CG e Wh n aVEG n eSh Xe YCG ,(dG
.GvL j d
jW fCGh ,IQdG ObCG c dG e JOY `` Hh
EG LCG a ?SdG d YCG a aCG CGHh ,d JOY
dG LQCG eYh ,e Yh e ejCa ,H j fCG
d ;Lh UCG ,J dG dG gG YCG
JH J `` dh ,dY LQO Y `` h H `` SQJ

194

195

bCG d ;e LCG CG `` MCG dG d ,G `` aZ

cCG fCG ,`` JdGh EG aVEH ,`` dG J `` fEG :`` d
.Gk c MCG fCGh e dh fCG ,JM H gCG AT
L AGLCG Lh ,IQGH `` J ddG eO CGa
YS b ,dGh :bh ,j gh ,dGh EG a ,J
,JdGdh `` d dSQ `` ch `` aZ `` LCG `` c `` a
e Wh ,JM e JCG CG Qb GP a MT
eH ,dG `` JM fCG CG fCG `` c a ,`` fiJ CG
a ,aZ YCH dSdGh ,dG bZ b `` fJ
!BG LMCG CG XCG
GdH G dSdG CGbh ,HG aZ EG CG U
dG h ,a HG Vh dG bG M `` SGh CGh
CG H ,`` fK H `` Y EG `` FdG `` LQ `` MdG
SdGh ,`` SdG eh `` d Jh QGOEG `` J Qb
JM fCG `` dGh ,HG EG Qh`` H g eb dG `` VEG
h ,`` aCG EG `` JM i `` q Zh ,QfG `` e
H ,Xe e j j h ,HH bYh jSCG `` JM
d dH `` e g c :X `` j QU dG `` Y
k SQO HW h Gh ,QGOEGh ,FdG J d ,cdh
IM Gk KCG `` Jh J CG J `` fCG J `` e{:k e

196
,IG NCGh `` ffEH e `` T fCa ,`` SdG
.zfCG jd SdG IYe Mh

dG

j dG dG fCG ch ,``f
.dG

197

IG

MU Y j gh ,QCdG a e j dG c
f qp h ,k ` `fCG k bhU `` j gh ,LhRh `` YQG
dh ,k ` `eW j h`` dG CG M `` fC ;`` T `` cCH
Ie Lj gBGQ CG `` H ,H e M S `` a
ALQCG `` c QC` `dG `` afGh ,h`` dG `` e G`` d
!jh `` j ,Ga I GhDh`` L d :`` j gh ,`` YQG
g IG ,Qaa j SG :`` fi LLdG MU g
.jYh MH YJ a ,fCG e
,Qn G ,Qn `` G :d `k ` Fb ,hG EG QC` `dG `` La
j ,L `` j :bh ,h`` G Ha ,I`` e `` dG `` a
J fCG `` W ,jdGh `` bdG SQ GP`` ,`` jYQ
ShDhQ `` LJ `` a ,IH O`` G `` fEG `` K ,`` bGdG
G Vbh dG bS Y dH fCGh ,NGH
IdH OSG e k Ue QCdG j `` g !?NCGh
hjj fCG hj ,Ie H :SH d db dG
CG Qbh ,IFa fCG QCdG QOCG FY !H QHCG O`` UG
Y M QG`` G Y dG `` UGhh ,f `` eCG `` Hj
OHG Qb CG H ,dG jb gH `` fh ,IG Ve
,IG `` U dG S T IC` `ah ,G e `` Y
.ja Y J gh

198

AM e `` Uh LLdG `` HH QG`` G b G`` gh

,dGMCG `` d ;GGh gCG `` aJh ,eG `` Lhd
LhdG `` dh ,`` eWE h`` G `` HP `` e `` H `` a
ALh ,jCG I`` Y GO dG e G`` U H aJ `` G
dG ad ;JH HP EG QGG VGh H hG
GG CH cPCG fEa ,VhCG IQdG J `` Mh ,d
k ae c dG QCdG g IG b Y H dG MdG
.G SG dG MdG c PEG ;IH

dG
,I``G Y hH fCG ``j e g
QCdG h j H ,G hj a
IG jV CG HdGh IjdH j dG
.hQJ cCG fj b

H ,ij k fK i`` d ;IG M EG QCdG `` gh

Hh ,QGG LhR A`` L K ,jH IG `` eCG CG
,dG a ,IH eCGh QCdG fCG M dG
J `` M ,G EG Q`` dG `` Y `` LhR `` H `` ga
JQG e J gh ,`` dG EG OYh ,dhCG `` aSEG
EG LH `` G dG E` `a dHh ,IQGG `` LQO
.HQdG hj CG jh ,FGS

199

``Gh edG

MQ Nh ,MdG AGdG Gj `` fc jU
,Lh Y NBG gMCG V CH fG QT H M
j CG hO `` dh ,`` Lh Y `p ` Vo dG `` jdG C` `a
Lh Y `` jU YCG HV{ :`` edG Y `` ch ,`` c
GQa ,Aq Z MGh EG Uh `` M jW HJ gH z`` dG
b e Vo dG jdG `` ba ,AG IH `` SG
.G PEH fCG jU dh ,j Och dG
:dG Y M f ``jdG d`` eY dP H
HV dG jU d b g .zJM jU ``fCG `` dG{
BGh ,edG Y c HV `` eH :d fCGh ,b `` e
jPDj eY :jU `` HLCa ?GPa ,dG Y M
h jdG `` JCd ;edG Y `` dP Hc a ,`` T
dEG ODj eY d ,HdG J Hg e PEG ,fiG
a ,dG `` Y dP f CG a ,k ` `ahe `` T
Y eBG f CG `` a ,jdG g ZH k FGO `` dP
.dG IG QdG f h edG
,Gk k ` `T `` d `` bO EG `` f `` fEG :`` j
fY jCG EG `` f dh ,d k ejh ,`` jd k YSh

200
jdG UTCG EG dSdG g J CG hM .d c
fCG gd ;I`` b dSQ `` a ;ff `` J
.Gk HCG ff J

jj ``c ,``fCG jJ ``c ,``JM ``Y

.J CG SdG

dG

201

hG AfEG

H J ,Gc GA`` fEG e U ICGeG `` Y c

ch ,c `` Y N O`` H WHe `` h ,A`` G
e j h ,`` S NBG AfEGh ,`` T H jAfEG `` MCG
jf EG j hG AfEG c Ie c h ,AG e AT
c f EG `` e sj h ,`` G EG dG `` e `` G
IdG e `` j Gg c ec S I`` eh ,a A`` G
fh A MGh AfEH de J fc M ,`` dG
ch ,edG `` H Gk ge dG A`` fEG c dHh ,A`` fEG
EG Y Yh JQb d ;d Gk `` fi hG AfEG
.e be g e
SMEGh IQG`` G e S Hh ,jCG `` e j h
fCG :a ,`` dG IdG e h`` G AfEG J `` dH
AG j `` T dh `` LY fC ;f `` e GvL `` N
CG :dbh ,`` dG ICG`` G `` Ha ,`` G jW `` Y
Mf e dG jdG fL Y `` dG QgdG CG MJ
AG CG k e YCG fCG ?NBG fG Y e Gk OLe d
;L e jdG W Y QhdG SZ Gdh ,e jo
UGe S Ieh ,d JOY jW jhJ M
J a ,e H jRC ;G QgdG g e b

202
G Gg LCG CG jCG a ,MhG IQdG H fCG
!?V jd e l a ,e jj dG

dG
,dG hCG dH hj jdG FMCG d
k
d CG
dG QgdG GMh ,k ``Y ``e
EG d``SdG ``g ``SQCG ,``jdG ``Y ``fH
MG g ``e j ``Mh Gh ,Fb``UCG c
!dEG

Y jH k e JM J `` Vh NhT dh
f e Y `` H f CG k L `` Y j PEG ,I`` eh
!jd lM g dh ,Y

203

dG

,k eY 70 M j PEG ,Gk Y QdG WCG `` g dG

eY ,U QGb PJG `` Y ,dG Gg j M `` dh
J fc dG aXCG `` J eY fCG gh ,k eY 40 `` j
,FGZ Q`` e g dG `` jdH `` eEG `` Y `` fhH
H ;AfG `` jT k ae OG `` dG Qe `` jh
,jQ Rh K H K LCG Jh ,dG eJ
,d dH HdG jZ GdG jh ,QdH Jh
,d j CG eEG :jQN eCG dG J hdG a
CH gh ,k ej 150 J De J d `` f j CG hCG
Qe a ,`` Y M EG G `` b EG dH `` j
AfG Yh ,aG `` ee J M ,IH IU `` Y
.jL e QG j M j QG ee c e
J CG `` Hh ,k ` `jCG `` dfl H `` dP H `` j `` K
j TCG N Hh ,dG jQ f CGjh ,`` dfl
.iNCG S 30,jL e dh fCch ,IjG MQ
EG f ,`` MCG e c ?`` d GP``
.bGh e dG jf c GPEG d G

204

dG

CG EG f``J ``b ``dG ``Y CG ``YCG

,``UCG JGOYh ,dG JjcP e ``f
fQ EG (``e ``S g ``e) ``ddG ``fdJh
l dP Ea (``S g e) ``VG AYCG e
CH c
. f CGh ,fVM e f j

205
gGdGh dG

jdG e JQH j CG gGQ Y wb `` VY

,H IQdG fG EG eh .dG EG a j `` dG
(fHCG j) :JQOH dG gGdG S Y j dG Vh M
?129 QeG cJ g
e YS `` dh ,IO`` dG Y EG `` j `` dG O`` YCG
.GOk gGdG S Y Vh
!129 QeH ucPCGo !(fHCG j) :da
q `` g c ,k fK gYCG `` a ,IQG :`` a
g Il AN
.jdG dG
,fDe IH dG gGdG eQh ,dG EG Uh
.df K ,k SBG Ik J WCGh
La ,SG dG ah ,dG EG dG dO
:129 QeG
.G S ,e HG ,dEG J e M ,dG UGh

`dG
CG fC``T e Y ``UH WMEG Y EG
.gP Ua
k Y q jo

206

,H `` j ,Y `` jY `` jU `` aV BG `` fCG
j fC ;`` dG `` e k Hc `` d q jh ,Ih`` H `` jh
Xh ,GvL eG `` bhJ M dh ,`` dG fCG
H Lj PEG ,IQGG jT fC ?GP ,Lh Y VeG
Qj QOa ,YH Gg jdG QOCG ! WEG Y `` S
,cj CG f fCGh ,dG b dG CH jh ,dEG
bhJ `` h ,jJ c `` dG H `qp ` d e `` dhf `` K
,k YSG JQGh ,k HYEG SCGQ Rg ,IG g `` dG
?AdG hCG dH dG bY e dh ,Gk S Th
j `` dh ,dG `` b Gk O`` Le c `` dG EG
H gh ,dG A`` e GPh ,j eY EG `` KC J
FY Hh H eGh IG bdG EG PEG !`` dG
f a ,`` j EG dh ,`k ` UCG IOLe `` J
?FY Hh H J dG dG b jH
G Sc ,G dG jW Y dH f
hCG cT e a ,gZh AdG `` eHGh dG dGh
Zh ,LM `` d J dh M ,`` dEG OJ CG O`` J `` e
.L dh M ,LdG H dh ,d J fEa

dG M

207

M ,`` G LdG Y `` ed AGOCG dH `` f

L f fEG H ,dH j h , jh dG `` bj
k M fZ Y I`` e JeN J d ;`` jdG `` bW
.FH Ik hMh
J H h ,`` FY H k jCG dH `` f
Gk KCG j dP EG ,`` Yj jdG cGQOEGh ,d `` eG
Ld k He G Gg j a ,FY `` f k Y
fch ,VeG S QOCG d dG c J H e
Jh HG `` a .j c k jS `` VdG J `` dG
Qfh ,fANCG af fj FY e LGdG jdG
.JbJh FY e M Lh cCG Y JeN
M EG a b SDGh cdG e Gk c dh
CG Y jH ea ,FY Hh H IOLG dG
k dPh ,`` Lh
c e jb `` d ;IdG hdG `` H e
dSCG aJh M bCG EG eG bh Jh ,`` FY
TG Jc eG `` e gZh ,d Gh MGdG
.FY d ,TG Zh
,G Qe `` jb b G `` S Y `` cPCGh
IjL iNCG `` NCGh gH a bGQ IQ`` S Y `` fc

208
,IQdG f J np :k ` `e dCa ,f cdG `` e
EG MGH :`` bh ,Y Oa ,OLCGh `` e ibCG Lj `` fEa
d IQjR c Y cdG g gLCG dG GGh jdG
k LCG h ,SCJ
.Y k Se jH

a jh ,``dG M QG``e j ``e EG

k G JbW WEGh ,j
Rj fCG ``T ,hC
.k e U dGh k jS FY VH

dG

209

dG K

fCGh ,Ibe Q`` dGh aGO adG GPE` `a ,MQdG `` f

EG Gh ,a cCG `` Ve aCG ,je jQCG `` Y
dJ eCGh ,`` j OhCGh ,`` e jb JdGh ,`` fL
H j `` jOGdGh ,`` HTh cCG `` bh , k ` `a``U
WCG hCG e `` TCG e g dh ,Og A`` T ch ,`` aN
K ,b IQGb e LNCG ,z G{ :a .Y IO`` jR
gOOQ dh ,dH J c d zG{ CG jCGa `` a
Y e J CG dG Y G dh ,Ie dCG `` dG
CG dG Mh ,AGdG j CG dG a ,dEG `` G
Mh ,VG h`` j CG dG Mh ,A`` dG `` Yj
g Y Gk eM cCG a ,eG j CG `` cG
OhCGh Q`` Lh AOh T OhCGh `` fCG c GPEG `` dG
!?OdGh G
CSCG CG `` fCG Y j `` aCG `` dCj Q`` L c GPEGh
,U :db .`` d a ?J `n ` a :LhR dCa ?`` Y
fGL J CG OQCG dh ,N e EG OdG `` j dh
k q Z c d :b .`` J CG b f aC AG`` dG e
G bRj ,Q`` e LQ fCGh a ,`` ZCG CG SG ``
ZCG CG `` jQCG , ?k ` `fH hJh k ` `UN h`` J ,`` dG RQ

210

q `` eh
EG Lj CG `` GDS UCG dCSCG E` `a T
:b Ea ?c CG U g g :QdG Y dCSCG ,`` fEG
:b ,c `` b EGh ,dG EG `` f bCG :`` b ,`` U
,dG e Gv` `L c Qda ..`` dG EG f `` bCG
IdG IOG eQCG e GvL Z fCGh ,dG e GvL Uh
ah a e GvL Gk a c EGh ,FdGh G a `` dG
.G e e
`` e ; ..`` dG `` j h`` dG `` Y EG :`` dJ
IMGhh e MGh c EG :d bCG CG `` MCG dh ,JCG
Y j GPEG ,a e `` aCG g e j CG `` j
W gh) (IQq ) Uh ZQCG `` N EG -JS jJ ,(SdG e ThG dG CG ,ZdG e eT
FY H Y H dGh ,AT d d k ZQ J CG
Gh cdG e A`` Th RdGh dUdG e U `` KK
k e j CG j
.IQq Gh ZQCG Md b

EG dH fCGh ,f `` FG EG :bCG CG jQCG H ,AG`` dG

j dG edG EG dH dh ,a dDG BG HQCG
Z edG G`` gh ,AZCG e Z JLCG EG `` d eh ,I`` Y
,gj e h `` d OQe dG IOG `` eQCG EG `` dH
fdG a ; jG Md dH a BG MUh
.c h U a dh ,k e Z h k e Gk a a

211
k HK j `` be GKCG HQCG EG Y `` d dGh
qn dh bJ h ,J dH Y dGh ,A`` T d d
e
j CG j ,fhO e IjL H K Yh ,`` e
bh Y f g K Qh ,`` bG dG Md
,jdG Sd Jh ,dG K BGd d YCG d ,`
m `H
qn jG MU CG d fCG Ma e H j gh
JQS e
RGW jOc iTG eH (1953) `` S RGW dhdG
.IQdG J YCa (1956)
k T j CG j fEa ,Gk `` a AG c eh
Nh e JGQ Rh`` j Xe UCG EG ,e aCG `` g
TH J GPEG `` dG h ,LH `` j ,k ` `Tb
EG j dG JGdG MUh ,AT d d `` e Y MGh
:jh ,Thb `` N e aj CG j `` L HQCG
dG IQ`` dG `` e BG I`` Y `` Hj `` dGh , `` g
.T c e j CG j
fEG ,Gh ,`` H gj `` fJ e CG G`` J h
dh ,INBG b fdG fJ ;k aVCG dG `` J
e gCG Y fCGh `` cCGh YCG fCa ,H dP `` HL
EG IOdGh G G`` HCG e dh ,S KK `` e cCG
Y NOCG h ,e j c EG G S HCG CG

212

NOGh ,`` S fCG `` e G `` M `` d

S gQb jS k ` `MHQCG j dG G `` e
Z Y X W V U T} :`` f ,`` G k ` `dCG
_} :HdG V J GO`` jR gh ,| ^] \ [
k ` `jU G `` SQCa ,|f e d cb a `
SQCGh ,QGdG K `` VbCa ,eO YCG e k c Gk `` S
` fCGh c M QG`` dG Ga ,G e jNBG A`` bUCG
,jdG e Y IQG aj e EG geCG e YCG ` Gh
,k L fjO aa ,k fi cCG M RH G YCG K
.ASCG d Sh UdG d cP AT eh
h ,Y G `` La EG `` b `` V Gh `` bh `` eh
CG MCGh AT `` Y OGR ch ,AL EG A`` d MG
ej bY fdG `` a .G Gg Vh `` MCG
hCG aCG Qh ,k eGM k HQ %5 `` j dG G `` e
k HQ e c `` j dG dG e jh ,`` MG
a ,dG Q `` Y Y `` eDe gh !?k ` `dCG `` S Q`` b
dG CG G a .SdG GeCG cCj h ,j h ,j
fCGh ,INBG b fdG j G EG ,Gk Qg gj fJ

Gk QGO JGh uah ,LQ j :k FGO `` J LhR fch ,k ` `T

?c GPe hQJCG ,G Y N :bCa ,bCG Y

213

j e MGh c Ea ,eCG d `` SCG CG MCG

.e Gk c S hCG iCGQ
k d SCG EG
JG S) dG b :Gk MGh e
Oj - `` a Y- ch ,`` HCG T c `` a ,(G `` MQ
GOH `` a zIh`` dG{ hCG `` G `` d `` dh ,`` b `k ` FS
Wh ,QGREH dG EG OYh ,dEG `` aOh Ya ,j
k ej ch ,Fd `` gYCa dY eCG e I`` dG NCG
FS A`` a ,ad Gk Q`` fG IFG `` V h bh ,`` eQ
LhR e `` Z dG Ha ,`` W H dYh fEG `` j
ddh JCGeG `` dP CGQ a !`` c dG YCGh ,`` d `` ah
.cS gh ,Y J fEG :bCGh ,MUh ,Y
j e ALh ,dG `` b M ,YS f `` a
e :GdCa ,`` cdGh i`` Gh dG G`` dCG `` a `` WCG
H YO b c jT `` TH S CG G GPEGh ,?`` G
eCGh ,dG e MCG cCj CG Mh a GhQYa ,QdG
?ICGeG j jCGQCG :b ,JG S dG QGO EG c H
b b fch ,Gk ae `` gdh c dG ICGG `` bh
Aa ,N `` bh GOEG `` d EG eeCG `` dh ,cC` `J k ` `ej
ddG AL a ,FL JHh `` YCGh a Y a `` FS

214

dG dG `` g GPEGh ,OG G`` g bh Y `` dCa

f a e dG Yf M PEG ,dG `` Y a bJ
.SCG a e gdh H G
G h ,jG H G jh AdG aJ bdGh
dGh ,QKBG a OQh bh ,H ATCG gh ,iPCG `` H
,Gh AdG Hh ,a `` j k dEG dG Gd CH `` eDj
Gh ,`` U Gg CG `` j ,j `` gh j `` dG `` gh
,dG EGh `` EG EG `` bCG AdGh ,c `` e d `` e
k TCG ` H ` ICG`` G `` fc EGh
fCGh ,LdG e `` H H
OGh
m NU dG Gg gj CG LQCGh ,GdG `` WNCG
edG e IMGh c `` J CGh ,KCG d j CGh ,`` e
dG HK e Y J CG J dG e VdG
eh ,H Ta e dEG h eJ eh ,gOhCG K hCG
Ia ISCG `` Y a ,GdGh `` dG e Y `` j
.dG Ma d Gg j

fCG H qn e e YCG eh :`` b ,iCGQ Kj L S `` e

eh ,Y Ka ,e Ha Mh ch ,jdG SCG
j H K Y LH GPEGh ,a `` U bh EG T
.OGe aCG h ,zH d{ :jh e a ,eeCG

215
Lh eHG E` `a ,adGh `` dG AY `` J h
fCGh ,d aJ L e N (d J `` TdG e) dG
zH{ IdG H `` jCGQ dh ,ae e fCG `` eT
,eQ SQG `` d ;U -S `` eAe SCch ,cTh ,eh U Jg ,H j J :`` a
g da ,k T J fEG ,Gg dEG ebh ,f
f c ZdGh `` dG d eb GPEG dh ,`` dG
dG eb GPEG eCG ,(PdG) `` Fdc fCG JTCGh
jh
q ,WN `` j Gh cdGh `` Gh SCdG `` e
.jY V fCc
fCG e SdG `` cCG dEG j `` e bdG G`` HCG `` eh
j GHCG Y Qh`` j dG dG e gdG dP e ,`` g
ehJh bJ ICGG JCa ,dG hCG ,cdG hCG ,GhGG
FY e J b fCG e ,c zJQT{ Jh ,TdG Y
GW Qhj dG YH hJ G Ggh ,dCG e
.Tb EG e Hj h ,Thb IY d QdG
ADg `` e gJ ,`` H `` dCSCG ,A`` dG `` jCG `` a
e IMGdG N GPEGh ,`` j e gYCGh ,`` YdG
J dG bdG `` e aCG fEG ;bU a I`` d
.Pd

M ,`` SQG e `` J CG `` bdG GHCG `` eh

Y J hCG ,`k ` e `` VjdG `` He AGH `` dG `` J
GhOCG e d IQhV dG ddGh ddG JadG AGT
K e cCG gHCG j e GdG e CG SQG
JadG hCG `` VjdG He AGT CGh ,`` dG ILCGh `` G
dh k g `` f Gf GdCG Y hCG z`` WCG{ hCG `` jdG
G c `` dh ,f - b `` c - FGh ,`` c `` Y
dG LdG CG `` e ,Q`` dGh jdH O`` d L dCG `` aO
dc ,Y Uh Y S !S !?L dCG eh :`` j
U dh ,`` G Y S I`` dG hCG Thb `` G
.AHBG e c Y
e d G j CG `` MCG e EG ,IOS `` j :`` UG
dh ,aCGh e VCG g e ro a ,ZCGh e ibCG `` g
,d j e NC dh ,NBG `` Ve f `` e c
j dG EGh ,dH OGOJh hJh EG dG EG
:Ie dCG `` bh ,S fEG `` eCG dh ,`` Mh `` dH
EG gH jh ,k ` `Z c EG d j `` gh z `` G{
Gk eM j S GP c EG fH jh ,k ` `Lh c
.k HGc hCG FGe j EGh ,

216

217

c GMCGh ,k a Gk M f Y G GhMa
e g dG dEG cYOCG e CG GYGh ,dEG G `` j CG
OL a ;d OGSG L eh ,hdG Y dG SCG
.dH OG NCG H OGh ,H

dG
h ,``H ``a ,``YGG ``S ``e G ``MQ
.fdG e Jh PCG e NJ j

218
r q J

fK jd ,M ICGeG CG `n ` aYn GPEG :hCG GD` `dG

Gba e `` KGh ,dG e fj `` e KK :`` WCG
Ve e J ICGG fch ,k Y q e gMCGh `` dG
b OdG GDdG CGbG ?VLEH d UJ a ,`` gdG
.HLEG dG
Y YR f bdG M d :dG GDdG
KK jdh ,TG QNG LS fCG JUh ,`` jL
SS dj :hCG `` qTG :JU `` g Te
,Y jdh ,Gh aGdG
jn h ,ae
o
N ShDc (10) EG (8) `` e
o r jn h gGH `` Njh
.dG
M jh
o ,`` Jq e XdG `` e On p Wo :`` dG `` TG
HQ hjh ,eH `` dW gh ,GQG hJh ,`` dG
.Ae qn co G e LLR

eh ..k M ..`` jNBG `` Y G fCG `` J

Gg jeCG SDG iMEG LCG !?...dP j `` e
Y JQe `` jd ;eG W `` e Od QNG
:U GDS g a ,gZ Y G

219
q
,Jf ,ShCG IY fh M H c :ddG TG
k ,`` N
r e bh
q jo h
CG .LhR k ej j h ,G j
q ADg e
?QS TG

k G Qq b
IAGH b ..QJ eY ..HLEd `` J ...hC
:JBG eG
q
.aRhQ .O fGa jeCG FdG g hCG TG
q
,T
p np J `` fh `` jdG `` YdG `` g `` dG `` TGh
q
GPEG SHh ,g dhOCG CG YdG g ddG TGh
.aH
n bn b J fEa ,VLEG GDd f :n bo

dG
J dG bGdG Y Mh jJ MCG
.M bJ e J a ,a

220

cCG d dG JBG cdG id n n dG J CG d `` g

JG e (29) :`` JBc aUhCGh ,e (500) r`` ep
,Md `` dYG `` S (7)h ,`` JLhR `` ee Ap `` H
,`` UQ hO `` e (`` T) `` U `` HH G`` eb (19)h
SaEG ITe Z hCG I`` Te jH G`` SCG (117)h
,gZ Y `` FGY Go p o YG (3)h ,`` bCG Y `` cT
Y d `` Vhb Y `` G o ` `jn `` e (71)h
,GQH
q e J
p
p Go p o YG (14)h ,HS jO OGS
qe k ` `dM (21)h ,`` bdH `` ed G`` YG (8)h
,IQdG IOd GYG CG S e (84)h ,fl ihYO
?g e q CGn qp n Jo rCGn eEH n a ,hQfl gh
AYCG fEG ,dP e CGSCG eCG ,aG d fEG ,
e G J `` dG f YG ,`` jeCG `` SfdG
.bGNH MCG j M ;fGdG

dG
.H k e c k T YOG e c d

LdG G

221
QdGh dG
SCG d :d da ,Q`` dG e J dG `` fc
:QdG d a .IdG g YCG H

p VCG CG `` ? h
Yj M ;hdG H d
.OdG Y
QGH `` KhQ Q`` dG `` S ,hCG `` dG `` a ,c `` bh
,dG `` dG h ,K `` H e dG `` a ,I`` dG
EG UdG dG YSa f G KhQ QdG dCG
.IdG K
b P`` M b h`` dG `` ec `` fc `` ddG `` dG h
eb Vh EG eh,OdG EG dG YQa ,I`` dG
.gGOQCa ,Ol U ggT M ,IdG b Y

`dG
d dh ,YCG EG H J CG IQGd
k
.g jW
J

222

ia ,fGW AKCG U H
m Y K jQ `` g
e k T Y gCa ,`` Y Ql M BGQ .G ke `` VQCG EG
Oq j W AdH Q`` dG T Mh ,ad ;G`` dG
jq d ;G`` dG Y a ,`` k FP dG `` a ,`` SG
k GdG SG CG Hh ,dH dG e j M
,Mh
.cCGh ,dG FdG fG

dG
c ,Ghk Y Lh GdG j e c ``d
dch ,k jU MdG e ``j e c d fCG
k J M
J CG aCG a ,MdG bQZ
.k e a

FdGh QGh dG

223

?jJ GPe

j IVfi ` j GP ` j jVG MCG c

aa ,FYCGh I`` G V `` dG Y Hd `` a
g Rh `` e cOYG :`` dG C` `Sh ,A`` e `` H k ` `SCc
,L 500 EG L 50 H MhGJh HLEG OJ ?SCdG
Rda !SCdG `` d G R`` dG j :VG `` LCa
aQ a ,`` H k a XCG `` dG IG Y j `` g
TCa ,YS Ie M dh ,AT j a ,bO Ie
IQS Ya ,`` j Ie M `` d dh ,j C` `H
Ie dW c dh ,k e f RdG d SCdG ,SEG
JM A`` YCGh Je M `` a fRh OGR ,d `` M
,UGG a f d dG bdG JCa ,bhCG `` L
CG :g `m ` FY a Y `` j a ,K `` jS A`` YCa
k Jfh SCdG f
.iNCG Ie af CG b b

dG
CG eEGh ,``d j CG ``jJ ``e ``J CG ``eEG
!d j CG d j e d J

224
jU BG

jj h ,`` j fCG gd gP EG QO`` j `` Q

.dP e HC fCG CG Y
q d ,d k jU
Ak d `` d `` bGda ,h`` dG `` JYH EG `` Mh
,H dG AdGh MhQ UGJ g EG ,k FGO vjL
V ch ,Ge dG BG Y j jU e a
!Lh Y eCGh UCG PEG ,Dhd Y

`dG
tco o jn n Sn ``Vn r Jo sp dG GPn r en
k r fo An ``
o jp n en s``n Jo r CGn ``
r n G n cn

LNh ,IHEG b `` Nhh ,jU BG e `` j

,jU `` fEG :Y `` bCG odR e `` d ,ML `` c `` e
jU j e c dh ,jU IM q H e Sh
dh ,dSG dh ,T d C GPh ,j CG j
.JaJh H Y SCG fCa ,Hh ,JM

225
N L U

U c a ,N L AbUCG YCG Y k ej oCGb

d ;ja EG `` jjh `` H a ,YGQP R`` j dG
.j e jh ,e
k ` e c N L U
EGh M ,OdG jd `
,Mh AG k ej N N L CG GPh ,k ` `eU c
,Yh ,G H fa ,dG jU EG e j h
,Hc Ca ,L SCG k Yj La ,j CG L OGQCa
,dG AL dG e aZG `` dG AG T OGQCG `` Mh
,iNCG Ie `` N L hM ,d ;`` dG Y `` fGh
,j N `` L a e dG G`` bG e `` dG `` dh
.AG jh ,dG a ,MH dG jh
e k ` `Z Sa ,`` ddG I`` d `` dG Q`` J
d ;dG `` bG Mh ,S `` NCGh ,N `` L
,k jU dG bhh ,SCGQ a ,IMGh `` HV HV AG
Jh ,MU `` SCGQ Y dG bh `` CH `` MCa
a Uh ,`` ba ,`` eO j `` dG iCGQ `` `` b
e gU jK `` H e j Ic cH id ;`` dG
.dH cdG Ce bh ,e Ic l M ah ,dG

226

`dG
.NEG bY dG S a c

,e jj c `` MU CG `` c N `` L QOCG
qdh ,MU NCa ,GhCG Ga H EG dP Qj d
Qa CG H MdG j h ,Sh S OYh ,`` bN
k ,`` gP e U H SM eCGh ,`` fdG
,jd
e a dh ,k` `jU j jdG :ML `` Y jh
.j

227
KQdG SCG

SCG jOdG Sd j CG So k de Gk N CG ihj

:JBG dG d Oa ,SCG GSCG UG KQdG
fS `` Y k VQY ,`` Ff jb EG `` gP `k ` LQ EG
e c b `` a ,jQ IH jd Q`` M c AG`` T
k ` jQ (15) EG dG aQ `` gHh ,gM
,hNBG a .`
gY .jdG e G f M ,KK EG S aa
k (50) aOCG :d b
d gPh ,MGdG QG Ad jQ
.jG SCG jf Y
gM j CG jdG gCG Y k VQY ,Ye Aa
k HQCH `` HdG
Gk Oq gj CG Y ,`` MGdG Qd jQ
k K JGNqe c G`` aa .G SCG H ``
k eh ,g
eCG Y GSGh ,VbG e
Mh ,Gk HCG Ye h ,`` G Ghj gHh ,jS `` e
.eh ,jO :GeCG jdG h ,G SCG AL

dG
`` sJ h ,cC
m AG
p CG
n On ``J
o G O``
.LBG GN AGQh LY

228

eJ CG jQe HQCG jEG dG e OJ

``` Jh ,``e CG`` ` `Jh ,``e ``cCJ ,FHCc `` HW e
.cCGh HW e dP c J fc ,`` e ``Jh ,d
fCG Y j `` G e d OdG dN `` eR c `` d
dV a Lh fCG j c a .UN Ye d qJ
k dh `` gYh ,`` dG CGj `` fCG Yj `` a ,IO`` G
.jhdG dHh fHh H k HYEGh
EG QU k aGO ,T EG `` dN AL eY `` fCG h
M ,jQe e gJ OhQdH J jjH bH Hh ,eCG
J CG :a ch .fSEG JRLEG J fc
cCG Yj CG `` bh ,HN AGLCGh , MdG .`` e
:d bCG CG :SGh eHH `` j Lhh b ,`` dSdG
SH jjH bH M e LNCG M !? fEG
,HW d e SQCG dG jQe IdG `` e J
.eghCGh eMCG OH
SG e `` eCG LCG fCGh ,dN b `` cJ
QaCG `` M b `` eY ,`` UG `` G i`` MEG
HS hCG ,ee hO `` e N H dCSh ,`` gMCG

? g

229
:k MRe LCG .(?`` dJ `` SG Xe g) :`` ae
S Ib `` L CG k e YCG `` cCG h .(cCJ `` H)
G bhQCG cj `` gh ,LCG CG a .dG G`` g
h .k bY jh ,`` H j ,FN AG`` c `` g hO
,Lh k ` `NGU XG `` dfG eY EG `p ` jh `` j
g L fCG :Fb ,GG Jg `` bQ Y VY CG H
!?dn n o d CG Rd
gh ,OS `` JJ c `` gT f `` G h
jj gh `` e j ch ,`` WGe `` V `` dM `` j
YJ a ,Ie hC `` j W fCc ,`` JCj c ,d `` X
!gd ;`` a V `` SG PEG ,`` UGj `` VG
jOS `` eR hCG eCG `` cJQG Gk L `` cPCG dRe ,k ` `jCG
CG `` c YCG a .`` d `` Y eY ,`` e `` YCG
CG CG k W h`` HC ;e CG fCGh ,HCG `` g .e
j fCG QOCG dh ,AdG QS c YCG ?k Z XC
.k jec Gk e d
N RJ ICGGh ,O`` dG LdG H e `` bY
eEH j .vVGaG hCG `` vbGh j Y hCG A`` d CG
.k e Yh ICG`` Gh LdG UGJ O `` dG e CG
dh .`` HCG CG T k ` `jYJ `` e NCJ `` bdG `` a

230

YS TG dG G`` g Y bdG g QG`` Sa

Jd dG Y `` M jCGH d SCG e `` dG
HT e da .LQ e a NGj `` ceCG dH
dN OOQ e `` ee Y NGdG hOOj hD` `j
eY ( `` cCG hCG , `` fEG :d `` bCG CG): `` jeCG
M hCG ,e Hhe hCG ,V hCG ,eR eeCG `` J
dG Y `` dG e dG fGj `` c .de `` eY
,k Sh k HjEG dG JeR g Y H `` e
b Ie Z d AGS M Y Gh `` G aj
b Xh `` JHh `` JT `` dG Y `` aGG
e hCG `` eeCG e `` H gGMEG PD` `j `` LQ `` JGP
Th ,ddG gJ SCG YG hdG Gg .N
.H IjL eCG Y ICGG Zh ,MEG

dG
dG ICG``G CG ``aj c ``SCGQ Q``f CG ``Y
e dHh ,jQHh ,jHh ,H J
Hj CG VG eh ,e d , cCG
.eCG EG aj GMH GMG Gg

dGh jJh `` bdG g jJ iS dP AGREG `` SH

.adG eGc M j ,d U e SCJ Y

231

G jdG

cG MS e j jU :`` Fd G b
PEG :FdG a , Y d gdG e WCG ,S
k VCGh ,Vae
LCG e JH WJ CG jQCG :Fb
j CG hO ,`` G dh ,e b fCG G `` e `` LQ
e `` gh ,OY YS `` Hh gP ,`` FQ `` ad `` gCG
k , `` H
Gk e c `` FdG Ch ,jU `` L eM
: a ,e b fEG :d `` b d :d b a `` H
!?L Y Qd IWG g c e j cCG
ea ,`` S cCJ `` H :Gk fi ,`` G LCG
e k KGh c : j CG SGh ,k M Gj c `` JLh
.JCS fCG

dG
eY ``M ,k FGO ``JCj dG ``g j``dG
.dG bh jda ,Y G j

232

SCG `` c :G MQ M `` H MCG eEG `` j

f QdG jCGQh ,SdG j jW WH GPEa ,jW
J eG `` g :bh ,dEG `` ga ,G `` j
Jh ,IdG g e G j dh ,Jh QJ `` H
Ic GHCG G `` Hh H ,eEG j :QdG `` a ,dYCG
.k Me Gk MGh k HH JCG CG MCa ,e
h ,G ja AGOCG EG `` gP b `` TCH `` gH
k jCGQ GW AKCG
,dEG J :j dG QSCH k e LQ
G GhCG G`` g eCa ,e EG O`` YCG d ,`` MQG
J :f a ,eCG QS JLa ,HQ Lj dG
.GHCG c d G a k Me k HH

`dG
G Hh ``H GHCG ``L ``J CG ``jEG
``a ,I``c ``Ue
``Jh k ``UY ``c ``dh ``M
n
:dG ``W MCG ``j ,Hk GHCG ``d j CG ``MGh ``H
a j GD``S Y ``S dG ``dG HLCG ``e
YEG H ;fdH GhdG jjh ,he fEG :MU
p G :Y HG ``dG d a ,I``a
a ``d G YC
!KG LCG NCJh ,Lhj

k Me k HH JG

233

gdG M

Gk Mh Gk OG`` L h ,dG e J `` a j c `` T
fGL dEG A`` a ,OGL q ` `a jCG e j h ,`` dEG k ` `q fi
cGQOCG `` eh :M H HLCa ,`` KdG `` G Gd `` fSGj
l `` fCG
e k e ,OGG dEG O`` Y b jCG Hh !KY M
Gg Y fj `` fGL dEG Aa ,`` jq dG G e Gk O`` Y
l fCG cGQOCG eh :J H HLCa dG G
h !S M
,jdG G g MCG Qj dG HG c M jCG
p
Gg fSGj d GhDh`` Lh ,bS ch ba e `` a
!?S M fCG cGQOCG eh :g H HLCa dG G
,jdG T q Lh ,`` G YCG b HSCG `` Hh
G a ,bS `` d ;dG e dG `` HG YCGh
Gh ,S q KdG G X Ggh ,c T
l
dh .dG jf `` e EG KY q `` dG
.H M EG IG h H a dG g
fC ;Ja AT Y G dj G `` gCG
Gk N CG k dN Gk T JGa c EG dG Lh Y `` aj
k jCG dj h ,`` cCG Gk QV j CG `` H G OGQCG ,k ` `N
e c Y k FGO G hj `EG ,f `` d HG

234
H Ja e Y fjh ,G`` YH Mjh ,`` gYCG
.h

dG
a ,``S ``M CG O`` ``fEG ``j
.dH dGh Ad k jW IOdG J

Y QOdG dG g dG Ea ,AGdG g ADg

fh QGbCG jh ,QdGh AdH VdG e J
.EGh

235

SG bY

GS (10) `` dG e j U `` NO jCG `` MCG

e k SCc `` eOG Va ,dhdG `` Y Lh ,`` e EG
HLCa ?hcdH c jBG H :dG Ca ,eeCG AG
NCGh ,L e j dG NCa ,GQhO H :eOG
Mh c jBG Hh ,k M :iNCG Ie dCa ,OdG j
FHdG `` e dG g c A`` KCG `` g ?hc`` dG hO
U CG`` a ,Y Sd ;`` G `` dhW `` N h`` j
dG a ,GQhO HQC`H :XH HLCa ,j eOG
d eOG MCa ,OdG c jBG NBS :bh ,Of
.gPh dhdG Y G IQJa Vhh ,dG
QOZh ,IQJdG M `` aOh c jBG dG `` fCG
gY bQhZG ,dhdG EG eOG OY eYh ,G
dG fH Lh M ,dhd e AKCG `` edH
jBG e f dG M d hJCG ,Gk MGh Gk QhO Q`` dG
!eOG H j Gk QhO d aj M ;hcdH c
f e Gk c fCG g IdG dG g gdG
d f jNBG SfCG f T f hCG ,`` M
M QGUEH `` SG dh ,jdGh G e `` dG

236

dG
.eGdG dG h ,edG CdG

f eOG jCGQ `a ,WN H a j Y

hCG ,OdG c jBG H jCGQ j NCG dG C ;gU
f b K eh ,AdG X H Xh ,hcdH c `` jBG
h ,dG PEG ,`` WN k M g bGe P`` JH
AGS ,IG bGG e dG jNBd Me f
.G fi hCG ,FdG G hCG ,dG

237

jdG Y bY

dG a CG `` Lh a ,I`` a T `` J
k ` jQ H Gk e `` e W `` SG
b a ,`` a Gk MGh `
k ` LQ f `` f{ :CG
h ,dG `` a zG j h `
S Y k ehO h`` dG H j cM g `` fch ,GhdG
fC
p G :Lhd j RZ he Y iTG c PEG ,G`` G
IQe LhdGh ,jH `` cc ,AdG f hG Ggh
LNh ,RdG hG Y j jOj k FGOh ,Z Jh
!J :d bh ,RZ he Y iTGh ,gf I`` e
.k MV fGh ,dG g JN e f JN fC
p G
QhJ CG `` LhR e LhdG `` Wh ,dG `` W `` gh
NQCG :`` dbh ,`` LhR e `` d g `` TGh ,`` gCG
JCG dG h`` d bh ,CG a ,Q`` b NQCa `` e
n dG YO) :`` LhR `` NC
a ,(dG gCGh `` fCG Jh
CG d Va ,`` FYh ,g AL `` dG dG h ,`` LdG
j CGH hdG `` d ,gCG SG !RdG h`` G Y
fK H CG `` JCG `` K ,LhH jS `` Y dG C` `H
H `` NCG :d bh ,`` dG gCG `` eCG Vhh ,`` dKh
k VY Y (3) `` f BGh ,IMGh RZ h`` e H
e Y `` j hdG O`` a ,dEG `` LJ CG `` gjfh ,`` Y

238

dG
.bY QJ k T J

CG d `` a ,k T Gj `` jdG gCG eCG G`` MEG

AGL GgCG :`` d Fb ,hdG Y `` G a ,`` bG
(300)`H EG H e dG J CG CG a !?ecCG e
e j fCG Yh ,hdG `` MCGo h ,G jCGh ,jQ `` dCG
,LhR j `` fC ;M e `` G aH bh ,`` d `` M
.FSCG MCH jOj QU Ie H dh

239
hG J

,je Gk e j CG OGQCG G e k e CG j
,H h H ,G Gg A`` H MCG Qj CG `` eCGh
IYe hO a de `` e G Gg j CG jj `` M
k ,dP MCG Yj CG e QfCGh ,QMh ,MCG e
H ah
.Y SG Vhh ,G AH
e k e Cc `` G `` G iCGQ `` dG e `` d h
ch ,G Y G SG a ,AdG e f FG
,k Yhe SG `` dG e G SG a ,ICG`` eG SG
Gga ,G Y GRe SG `` g hj OL SQCGh
Y k ` `Heh Gk O`` Le GR`` e SG ,`` f :G`` dbh G`` LQh
.MCG VCG g :TM d dbh ,G
k e iCGQ PEG ,`` f jDhdG G iCGQ `` fdG `` dG h
,G Y G SG a ,AdG e j FG `` e
OL SQCGh ,G SG dG h ,ICGeG SG `` jh
,Gga !?`` G Y Gk O`` Le SG GR`` e g h`` cCj
,G `` Y Gk OLe GR`` e `` SG CG :h`` NCGh ,G`` LQh
,jDhdG QJ ddG dG fc a ,`` Zh G a
j dG ICGG SG M bh b `` dG e G b a

240

?G A`` H U GP`` e H dCSCG :`` d `` a

b ...EG G Gg AH b k T Y e Gh :da
fL e j GP Qe fCG EG :db ,GPe EG ,f :G
GhOCGh ,`` NCG dG Gh`` dG iMEG GPE` `a ,G
dHh ,VQCG `` Jh EG H `` WHe d A`` dG
;AG e `` j CG jj GG G`` gh ,Ae H S `` e
HGdG e H `` dGh ,G H `` j a ,`` d
AG e Ha ,e AG S Hbh a ,Gk `` jT k e
Gg Y !jCG :`` G a ,U dG Gg Gh ,G`` g
e d ;`` Y Y fCGh ,`` e G a ,G `` Ld
ICGG `` SG j CG `` G eCa ,e G `` j a ,`` G
.G Gg YRdG
k T !G `` S !G S !G `` S
dNO a j `` b dG dG e QJ `` a ,YCG `` e
:j G `` SQ dCG ,G`` dG e `` Jh `` G

a ,ICG`` G g Q`` MEH eCa ,`` G `` Y `` SG

YS g :`` dCa JJ I`` a Gk RY ICGeG `` fch
,RY ICGeG fCG ,G jCG j :db ?j dG G AH
Yj CG `` Y J S bh ,`` dG Ich ,I`` ah
.YCG CG a ,FH MCG

241

k `` jCGQ `` d{
X e b IT G j LQ
e k T `` G S z`` SdG PDJ `` fc `` jdG
{ : G SQ b cJh ,G Uh h`` G
.zW LH NCG J CG dh ,kT hG e

dG
.AdG Qe J hG FU

242

Gk NCe `` edc eG i`` MEG dW `` M

AhH fh ,YdG NBG Lh ,VjdG IOe IVfi
EG f K ,dG GUCG Y SG IVG jf h
fha ,`` dCe Y `` c b QcdG `` La ,IQ`` dG
EG OY h ,GVG Yb e Nh ,SGc `` YH
ga ,U `` dCG fch ,M j CG`` H dG
.G LGG dj NCGh ,G EG
bf gh ,hCG dCG M ddG SG jCG HQCG Hh
IVfi h !dG LGdG G`` g gYCG dG QcdG Y
,LGdG e j QcdG CG SG MdG VjdG
dCG `` M bSG `` d ,QcO `` j :d bh ,`` dEG `` ga
bh ,QcdG a ,GQhCG `` HQCG Mh ,jCG `` HQCG hCG
c dG `` dCGh !LGh CG `` YCG dh :`` dd
!M Y dG Y dG Fd eCG g IQdG Y

`dG
AdG ``e Gk c ``L ``dG ``YdG
d K ,dC``G ``g e ``M ``dhfi h``j
,QcdG T ``Sh ,k ``e ddG Gg c
dGReh ,af ``ef Q dh .dC``G M a
``J ``Vhe ``HQCG ``JbQH dC``G ``g
.YdG fEG k M !eG

VjdG dOe

243

WG OYG
G VjQ H OYG g c k eY N b
k j CG `` j fEG C` `H
,FbO HQCG e bCG e
dh !b `` j S bdG c h`` j `` T CG CGh
?b fGh hM T `` g g :CS VjdG MCG
j CG SG `` M ,j CGa !dH HLEG `` JAa
.FbO HQCG e bCG e ae jh ,bdG
,U Z YS CG hCG , fCG dG X jGdG
cCG f `` dG SGh ,eCG G`` bU hCGQ CG `` H `` d
YdG fc G`` gh !bdG dP Gh`` j CG VjQ e `` e
JM a ,`` YdG fEG k M ,dhG `` e b `` dG
YT Jh ,`` d f dG dG `` VdG e `` c
.SCG ,U ,e :c f e Gk a ,d
fi Y gf ,S `` Va EG d `` g
cdHh,OG `` fEG jh ,HdG `` Uh ,bGdG
.dH e dG G Y

dG
,jM e IOGQEH d``dG VdG ``a
.dG EG jW dN e f

244
?HCG jCG

dCa ,k T j
p h OY Ij Ie Hh ,ddG gP
:d bh ,QG`` G EG gP :ddG `` a ?dG jCG :`` HCG
fCc k YCS :a , e Y e MCG `` YCG
HdG TCG GPa ,`` dc c GPEG :d a ,`` HdG
e MCG YCG :`` d bh ,dG EG ga !?`` dG H
:a ,HdG `` fCc Gk HR `` YCG :a .`` HdG e `` Y
ga .HdG `` TCG CG aCa ,`` dc `` eCG c GPEG
,HdG e Y `` e MCG YCG :bh ,HdG `` FH EG
GPEG :d a ,dG A`` G fCc (k HO) YCG :`` a
Y Ggh .`` dG U
m Ae fa ,`` dc `` eCG c
dh !cP U `` e dj :CG b ,k ` `T `` TCG CG hO
EG cO e G AGM SG d e AT Ja
!dG AGM d fCG ,HCG j , :HG LCa ,cO

dG
o Ho CGn o On sYn ncn e n Yn

sep pn r p dG o T
p fn Co rn jn hn

Uh EG eh ,H d jU Y k V f gMCG CG j
jY V fY ,dh j :d bh ,HG dG iOf M dG
.dG MCG e c f d TGh
p gPa ,b Y

245

XG J

:k fK `` JCj dG{ :`` Hc `` fRhQ `` g `` fj

Y a c `` dG `` bdG `` Y customer comes second{
fRhQ i`` d c dh ,i`` G `` aQ je J `` Th
OGQCa ,k e Xd k Se `` j b LdG CH `` SMEG
h (H aS) `` dG IdG IGQ`` e a ,`` j CG
c a ,`` M Y Xd `` TG `` X IGQG A`` KCG
ja N eYh ,jdG `` j CG j c `` f
.f EG T c Y dG dCG IGQG
h ,WQh e fRhQ dG I`` dG IGQe fCG `` d
fTffEG fRhQ `` cT EG PEG ,jL je H `` j
SdG Y dh ,YG YdG `` Y Ic b J
aCG eh ,`` jNBG e AG`` VCG bS EG `` j `` jdG
Y He T C G dG c dG
k We dG j ea ,j
q m `` J CG
,G Hh dG H j d WdG Y Ea ,dG
jdG EG PEG ,dd k cQe j YGdG dG CG e ZdH
jdG `` g dG G`` g e A`` KCG `` H f `` dG
dG Gd ;dG hCG ,G H S dG f
.dG Y XG IY dCG HQG j

246
dG

jdG g A``T CG H f dG ``jdG

.AT c H f dG

247

QRDG dG

EG e `` ja OYh ,fGL Gh`` Z `` b `` g c

,eb e `` o dGh FdGh A`` dG gJh ,`` gQjO
.MGh `` dG WSCH `` gKa ?G `` fdCj
N :`` gHLCa ?e `` b c :e R`` Y `` dCa
ch :iNCG Ie RdG dCa ,Jh dG H
Jh bdG H a N gHLCa ?e Gb
.QRDG dH GMGh ,Ggh ,dG a ,dG

dG
l ftdG `g
``a o```f b
n
Ip `dh p `````d ```Ue
o
`````dEG l `````ae SdG
tch
p
dG
EG oG n aOo c
p

248
`jQHCG `S

k
MCG a ,e
c T AL GG iMEG h
H a ,G IQhO f fGh jS IQH jQHCG g
Y LdG La ,dEG IO`` dH eCGh ,IH jQHCG hD` `e
j dG jHEG j CH jQHCG hDe eCGh ,e
OY Mh ,LM Ad e K NCa ,fH NBG NCjh
IOdH JeCG GP :jQHCG hDe CS jHEG Lj `` d
jQHCG hD` `e b ?H a `` fCG e NBG jHEG `` NCGh
?g Y e GPEk G :H
fCHh ,gCH `` j CG jj Gg `` jQHCG hD` `e EG
Y `` W CG `` e ,`` jh `` eCj CGh ,`` j CG `` j
CG jj `` dh ,`` dG EG `` h ,G`` g c `` J
Gf hD` `G Gg eCGh ,`` eCH k cMh k ` `fS `` j
gZh ,SQGGh `` eGh `` SDGh GQGR`` dG H

k CG j
GTEG eY M Xh fc LQ
JCG GPEG H ,A`` H e fCG `` e cCdGh jQHCG `` Y
Lj K ,jQHCG `` MCG NCj LM `` j CG jj `` e
d e IOYEH j dG jQHCG hDe EG jHEG
.Ggh ,G

249

jJ CG `` jf K eh ,`` UGh edG `` aGG `` e

hDe Y eM ee AfEG EG hdG fJ `` M
.jQHCG hDe RGW e Oe e
EG SdG IYO e ZdG Y j e G`` gh
aQ e dG{ :j M eCG e edG adGh dG
dP eh ,zY a eCG Y T eh H aQa eCH
Y dG EGh IdG EG SdG e e J fEa
hCG dG hCG adG f h Ich IU c G OY
AL Ggh ,AdG T e gq f H ,G `` N
gJ ,Q`` eCG d I`` YO jQHCG S `` b
CG ,SdH `` adh `` gjJ ,GAG`` LEG `` dh
.Y f

dG
G SQ uN e fEa ,GhuJ h ,Ghujn
hCG KEG a j e ,g``jCG QNG EG jeCG H
.MQ b

250
?G e

G H Y EG Hq T JCG
.eeCG bhCa ,jOdG e

?Gg e :Y b
.fHCG b Gg ,eDG eCG j :b
?gHCG bCG :b
!b ,f :b
?nb c :b
,Lj `` a ,`` JLa ,`` VQCG `` H `` NO :`` b
.a ,SCGQ Y bh Gk M Y SQCa
EG `` j jS `` M `` UdG : `` Y `` b
e gCG ,LdG G`` g Y Y Cj G`` gh ,`` be
?M CG Y G ceCG ?Vh CG `` jT b
h ,G jO Gk MCG Hj fC Y j Gg `` a
,JdG HG c `` dh ,G `` T M `` Yk T `` ej
.e b
H eb `` dH dCSCG ,`` eDG eCG j :`` LdG `` b
WCGh LhR EG gPC ;d cJ CG VQCGh GhdG

k GOj gh
LQ

251

,dEG OYCG K ,e J S fCH gN

op Co a ,`` jOdG
j e : Y a ,fCG K G EG FY d d Gh
?sEG OJ K ,jOdG EG gJ CG
h ,LdG SG aj fEGPEG ;k L SdG `` a
gh !?fj `` a ,de h `` b h QGO h ,`` N
Y h ,VQCG `` Y h ,ffdG e `` MY d `` dc
.oJ CG bQ Y dc fEG ,bf
eh ?G T `` J Y Y Vj `` eh
a ?`` jd WSh `` jo CG `` `` eh?Y `` j
`` Yh ,`` HdG
jo g ,I`` M bh fC ;`` KCeo
CG g k ` `YL J `` dWCGh ,`` LdG Gg `` e `` a
,SdG Sh ,`` G O `` a ,dc H `` gj cj
k ,HdG EG dGh ,SCGQ Y q fh
:Fb
?Y GJCG
.eDG eCG j jo CG H fHCG b e , :b
?SdG jCG Gg j e :
,bUh ,`` gRh `` H

Y b

Q`
q ` dG QP `` HCG `` a
:bh

252
.cCG fCG ,eDG eCG j
QP HCG b ,!Ub fEG :

?J c :

Y `` b
!k Ub

?aJCG :

Y b

Y b .aYCG e :

QP HCG b

fCG a ,eDG Sp a jCGQ : QP HCG b

.GAT EG LSh ,j
K H NCJ `` d fCG JCG ,Qq P HCG j :
.eDG eCG j G G :

`` Y `` b
!?cQJ CG
QP HCG b

a jo , md K Y YCGh ,LdG `` ga
;JCj K ,H geCG jh ,`` gCGh dWCG Ojo h ,`` f
,YG Y j
n m`` d K Hh ,b fC ;`` e d
:jG iOfdG h ,Gk Y jCG q o jn
JCGh ,SdG `` LGh ,HdG Aa ,`eL I`` ` dG
. Y eCG Lh QP HCG
QOCG e :

QP HCG `` b ?LdG jCG :

Y `` b
!eDG eCG j

c dh :

253

Z Y jS q fCch ,dG EG QP HCG sJh

.G EG j e KCdG e Y ,HdG Lhh ,JOY
fCGh , `` Y b `` j Qq P `` HCG CG `` U
,e Ggh ,jT `` g d ,OGQCG GPEG L `` e d `` j
NJ h ,`` YdG `` H `` j ,`` fHQ `` MCG `` gh
hX hO hX `` J h ,MU `` bod GQOCG
.NBG hO e h ,gZ hO SfCG Yh ,iNCG
Y a
q ,JCj LdH GPEa ,H hdG bh
.e G ch
q
,jOH H d fEG eCG ,LdG jCG : Y a
!fe aY eh ,H fT e
e sY dh ,e sY e Gh ,eDG eCG j :`` b
WCG cJ ,eDG eCG j fCG g !!NCGh sdG j dG
,e d Lh,jOdG
T h Ae dG G`` aCc
o
.SdG e dH AadG gP d :j CG Nh
?V GP :

QP HCG G H Y Ca

e G gP d :j CG N :

QP HCG `` a
.SdG

254
?jJ GPe :Hd bh ,

Y ba

bd ,eDG eCG j Y `` fY :j gh ,b
!SdG e dG gP d :j Mh
Y b

GLh ,cY `` Y ,HdG jCG Gk N G `` cGL

GLh ,Hc LdG Gg Y Lq a j ,Qq P HCG j Gk N G
.Fahh bd LdG jCG Gk N G

dG
dGh ,``jRGL ``J ``d ``fEa ,``G ``aG
Qe e fEa ,dG bh
q ,G f fEa ,A``adG
.NCG

. Y J YeOh ,cCG G :

255
QdG QNG

IOe QNG jd c eG i`` MEG dW `` g

QNG b eYh ,QdG H J SQj dG OGG `` e
e H LGjh IOG J cGj ddG NCG dG NBG
.H QNG dP Rj S fCG dG f H ,dG
CG `` ddG gPCG `` dG jhG IC` `LG A`` L `` dh
H LQC QU Y IQY ,MGh GDH EG Cp j IOG P`` SCG
.LQCG T N e FSCG ae Gh ,QdG
,QNG a ,GG j h ,ddG JQG g
k ,ZQa HLEG bQh eh ,PSCG EG gPh
JOe :d Fb
.JM jCGQ PSCG CGSCG fCGh ,SQO IOe CGSCG
.JOe SGQ fCG :Ie h OhH PSCG Oa
Z SG CG M ddG bQh PSCG NCG M dh
?SG jCG :H a ,bQdG Y e
k ,bS NCGh ,HK aQ CG EG ddG e c a
Fb
!sLQh seb T e SG J CG Y :PSC

`dG
.G GG EG Oj G GDdG

256
ALdG MU dG

IQdG J CG j :j KQce SL GP g a
d fEG !jeCG U c h ,QNCG Gfh RdG
g Y !!dG BG `` dj e J a ,f `` b
Y,be Y,dL h dL Y :dG
!!d e d j ,Y Y ,gOLh
SG k YSCG 21 `` j eCG H `` IQdG
jeS CG fhH jRL dG Qb a ,QdCG jeS
,eCG H e LGNEG d dh ,MGL Y EG `` LH
gh ,dG AG`` LEH `` j CG Y G`` dh ; S `` fEa
.CG MQ NGO
M ,dG in ` `o CG (SeQBG L) CG `` f
Gk L J gh ,f G dJ V J fEG
b fEG M ,G J e `` fhH dG IQe i`` e
.dH L c bh ,He Y IH b

Qh ,`` d IQU `` aCG NCJ CG `` j IQ`` dG `` g

be KQce SL cj c ,eOb GS d aCG
michael clancy e VG `` dG bh ,Y ATCG
.fhe Jfh

257

;CG MQ a H `` dG b dG A`` KCG h

,dG e fG CG Hh ,d dG AGLEG e `` d
j jeS NCG fe EG `` MdG LQEG hj g `` Hh
.dG UEH eCGh ,GvL IdG
cCG e dG `` g fc d{ :`` fhH QcdG `` j
J fCG LQd ,Y
q Gk KCJ JM e dG dG
CG hCG AT CG aCG CG SCG h ,e b dG
.z b c GWCG CH MCG PEG ,UEG MCG
IQKEG cCG bG Gg j CG `` bh .Ic YHh
dG fh ,IQdG g `` NGCo dG WYh
.zALdG MU dG{ SG
jeS G CH IQdG g Y dG c bh
,dG UEH d ;eCG MQ e IdG j NCG b
.zJM PfEG Y d Gk T{ :d j CG OGQCG dH fCch
;jCG IY J X IQdG CGQ CG H fEG :CG J
Y Y IQY d G CG :IQ`` dG g e J `` d
Vh U NBG d IM AYEG g H ,Jh Veh
.jM EGh dEG LH

258
Ie CG CG H ,jeS dhh %100 dG d
.IL H BG gh ,G

`dG

.c jCGh c G aG

259

IH Y
:db ?J GP :dCa ,`` J IGeG
`` f iCGQ
:db ,HG Y Y
f dCS ,`` U gh HG `` J
H f d b (U gh ,S 300 GM) !!S 300
eCG `p ` Y d J `` S GP`` a :fM `` Y `` dG
:db , fi eCG j k W ?dG RhJ gQYCG
Gh :db ,f :b !?a dG EG j e dg hCG
!?jCGQ e IMGh IS e Y d

`dG

@ ? > = < ; : 9}

.|C B A

260

H e T `` LMCG CG Ie `` j CG
,Gk U c EGh A`` T CG e hCG e S Q hCG ?`` MQL
T Y an Ga ,HSCG e hCG ec e hCG ,Sd e
H `` eCG Cc `` fC ;d `` Y eH n`` a ,`` e
e IQG g `` SQe ,jhg EG Z aO `` eY HK
.Gk MS Gk KCJ d iSh ,jNBG
a k W `` j `` dh bCGh ,`` T Y `` NO `` dh
k SG d ,W
sa ,VQCG Y j dG Oa ,b
ddG Lh sMa ?YCG Ie c ?dG GP :`k ` Fb ,CG
Y G AT e ,LQ
o ,H a H , :fCG `` a ,sUGh
iNCG k VGZCG g C SG dh ,Mh Gg c `` j
a ,QdG e Gg !d dG H S eG CG ,k ` `jCG
!?QdG e dH
G `q ` U eH ,LG `` eR Y KC
n G `` d
k `` Y
fG
q eH ,fGNEG MCG Y KCG hCG ,dG e HGh
d hQS `` fCG T `` a ,Je ,Y I`` SCG OG`` aCG
:SdG eCG GDH T LMCG k HT CG dh ,Gg U
dG Lh `` fa ?eG `` f c ,a `` j r ` `uHn

eH QT

261

k ,JfCa ,k fe
?Lhq S g ?a HCG j GP :H Fb
Y JY d hCG ,GDdG fo h Ga ?d `` Xh Y hCG
J Ea ,`` J ,NCG j :a ,SGQdG `` de u` `fO
.jCG Hb G e Gk je S dh ,U

dG

k SdG
r
f
GPEG e Y
Qo ZCGh
p
Ge
dH
G````Z G```eC
p
k G o Y
pn
o a
r
`Y
Er G Lu
p dG Qo Yp j
r
n EG CG``dG Qo ``Yp ```j
o
GY
h

262

Gq a dG e Oe H G `` Y c
j Gk OY d sjh gj CG `` dG eCa I`` H
..G `` f ..k N ch O`` e HG `` a ,`` H
ch HK ca `` jdG JCa ,d OdG dj `` NCa
dG a ,JU `` bO bS g GPEa ..`` bS
bO e !?`` J q : `` dG a ,`` bS bO `` e
.MCGo e GG KCG fEG H f dGh !?bS

`dG
.Jh iJ c d J b G

MCG L e KCG

263
Y g bh

e Y d `` U ,eCG A`` e e dG `` W
gdG Qb Y e dG Gg Ae Y eYh ,G`` j
.G EG H
.MGQ LC dG Ea ,gQEGh dG e ZdG a
NCf a ,`` jc hG c `` dh ,`` gPh `` M
LJh ,dG Y Nd ,k bQ NCGh ,YS e `` cCG
dG a ,fl Ic Lh .QfG aZ Sd
OY g c bh G Y j dGh dG ah
W LCa .INEG H H KCSG IdG dG e
?j a J `` dG e H ,`` jVG
dG gLh Y dGh ,G Gf Hj NBGh
.QfG e Gh
Jh ,G`` c bH Oo G `` U jdG `` dG `` j
Oj K ,`` jS GH jh `` Y iOn o G Lh `` MdG
T `` f d dG G`` g Nh `` d `` dG
e e c `` a ,dM AT CG j `` dG `` e
aCG h ,dEG f ,aW ajh ,a CGj U L
ec YS Y QfG W eY d ,Gk c dM

264
afih JM SCG Y J EG dEG f O
.bdG Y

e f `` dG `` bhCG Ic `` Ycj `` jM ch
.f hCG f CG hO fQYCG e J mdh jCG gh ,k bWEG
a IMGh S e Gg G e NCG fEG :b
fCG NCGh ,bdG Y aG Y d jU M `` eY
CGj e VCG Gk `` c e Oj `` dG bhCG CG`` j
Y IOjR G JAGb EG H ,G hCG `` G
VCGh ,JdGh G Y J -G AT EG- HGh LCG
Y jj `` e e QfG e BG `` fEG :`k ` Fb `` Kfi
YdG fh YS S e :dCSh .dGh `` YdG
La ,Xf LCGh ,b a `` eCJ ?BGdG a CGd
J b ?fCG GPa ,H d edGh ,`` Sfi CG
...OG U

Qa fCGh ,`` e SG GP`` e Y e ec `` YS

gP ,G I`` d PDG PCG q QfG `` H .Y `` H
MU QGH cCG CG dhM ,`` G e Id
ITe JNCGh e S IdG CG CG Hh ,G
.bh Y afi e H HYEH

265

`dG
``ch !?i``S gJ bhCG ``e c
T e c H !?k HM d `` h JM
,gP ``e bda !?BG``dG CG``J h ,``Y ``
.gP b :J CG b Y UMa
l
o
: odn Fb
pAG b
p bO
l
GKh FbO
In G qEG

266
IjdG

?IjV fCGh CG
Ic lH ftdG h
IGh o Gh Io G
EG fCG e
dG AY Y le hCG
:b
,JM j lTY fCG H
fO e CG h
LhR J CG EG
,G G bRQ bh
eo AdG tXCG eh
:db
H EG nYCG EG
n VQCa
,Qb j H
,Y e bCSh

:d db

267
d
Y j e
m tCGh
jd j d
kYpeo gAL m j h
Yuo G oLh b HCG
YHCGh G N e jSh
p
YH
aSh
k LhR fJh
Y a jh
gj o nbGh c
JCGQ
oNU ha
!?YCG kjCG fCGCG
n DdG M Hh
M j
dOh Y fS
?LhR jJ a
:db

?GjV o hq JCG fCGCG

GH n dG oUCG bh
fiS :bh a
Lhq d fCG e
dh
cJ CG b
p o jQCG
jJ CG e
H kGL J CG

`dG
,FBG ``Y ``TGh ,Ff ``Y G ``MG
.LCG e a e MCG Y G b YGh

268

269

QSGh ICGG
e KdG `` fCGh ,`` LhR e :`` db ICGeG `` g
fdG XCa ,Hh H WCG N e Yh ,Y
,jh ,M Hfh H Y N M Hh ,Y
ch ,j `` NO d dh ,QU FHCa ,`` dG `` bWh
fCG Hh ,fHCG d cJ b e jH e ObH `` UCG
H GPEGh dG BGdG YGPEG Y jG a `` aZ
G L QSG e cCG e{ G SQ b :`` j
.zkLa V c eh ,kLfl xg c e d
q e eh dH `` FHCG eCGh QSG `` gH `` cCa
eCG Y h`` e J A`` L M TCG `` S Gh `` H
Y hCG `` HG Q`` Uh `` j a `` Va ,`` b `` d
k BGdG Mh e `` W
SdG jY fi QUh ec
G UCGh g Y fUh Gk N H CeGh jYQh
Uh dGh Gh dG `` Y gPh JHh `` FHCG c
!Y Z dG QSG HYCG fEG f .CGeG SCG

dG
a ,``SdG ``e ``dG ``Y ``Z Q``SG
.RdG Seh
,r n dG jeh ,dG e
q
q

270
QSG HYCG

IjT ZQ `` Mh EG G `` H Q`` aCG Ghh

da ,dH JNCa JVGeh `` d QGYd gdG
e J CG O db ?GP`` h :d b ?GP `` JCG :
M SCG GRCG h ,Q`` SH dCG `` fQT H `` adG
.VGJh JCJ

`dG

| }
.HYCG j CG j fEa dd

LJ hCG ,LhR Y ZCG c :GhRCG MCG j

e hH `q ` gCG e CG `` Hh H Q`` U hCG ,gh `` fCG
.dG e dG

271

QSG a
g dG VGeCG QSG G dN Q`` cdG ihQ
,Y e Yd k ` `Ve c a ,`` d KM dG `` dG
f G e j jdG e AWCG N gh
AL eYh ,dG e LGNEG hOGQCGh IhGdG d j Gfc
G EG ga ,dG jT k FV k ee UCG G
.k T cJ N eYh ,dG IU bh
,YC EG JCj `` VG SdG c BG :f `` b
ca ,HUCG dG dG e f dYCG CG SCG BG fCGh
dG G g EG dEG dG G SCG{ :OOj Lh QSG
H e eCG EG e :j H EG Uh eYh zdEG JCGh
.NGO jj Y WGh MGH MCG M G
M bh EG `` S iS `` dP H
p :Q`` cdG `` j
Y e NBG `` fh gMCG e a ,`` M e G A`` WCd
.XdG e NCG ah a e gMCG QYGh HGdG YJh

`dG
e f ``jCa ,Q``SG j ``dP c G ``S

} :``J ``db
('&%$#" !
.| . - , + * )

272

H
m co I`` U bQh Uh G`` VG i`` MEG
:a e ,dH HH `` JAGb e ,VGh Z
Z GDdG U fc ?GNEG hCG UCG Y b jd g
GH j GPe :jU dCa ,L Z Gh ,VGh
,JAGb Y Q`` b CG H ,k fL `` bQdG Vh ?GD` `dG
Pq CGh `` bdGh JVfi j `` VG eh
OY GPCG Hh ,I`` VG ba ,AdG I`` d PDG
,k Y Jh G J jW jVd j VG
GQhCG YCGo dP AKCG h ,AdG IU AGOC b gHh
,gSCG CG Qb dG bQdG J eh ,Vd SCG
.fG b IVG CG Xa
Y j CG VG e Q`` G W IdG Hh
GDdG eh ,j `` SdG OYh j Oa ,`` SCG
VG H GPEGh ,hH a ddGh dGh hCG
dh ,VGh Z GDda ,j d :a ,GDdG CGj gh
IRL jCG e j JAL :j OY K , U
dh ,HQbCG e Y dG eh ,HQCG j d
cQTh ,`` bH j G `` S e `` T `` gfG
eCGh ,fc hj gQ AHh fh N H gh ,J

jdG

273

UCG iNCGh m ` ` Hh fG `` H fa `` YeO

fEG :b Y bj fd H ,dG LCG H `` cPCGh
dG a ,H EG I`` b h M ,LGQ dEG `` fEGh
k jJ `` fc
a ,cdG aCG A`` H dh ,b
.dH Yh ,e NCH MQCG G EG :dG
,ICLG Ca ,NCG d fEG :bh f `` da
d fEG ,`` f :a ,dG G`` gh AdG G`` gh ,`` e
fCG MQh ,`` a ,NCG `` e Y
q YCGh `` ZCG d ,`` NCG
eRh ,ddG jU fEG :`` jM UGh H ,H `` dEG
fh ,SQG `` MS h dG k ` `e ,`` SGQdG
,gdh `` Me ,WCG IAG`` H ,IQ`` G k ` `jS
FbO EG `` f `` UCG ,`` H `` bdG `` ch `` fc
K jfdG `` MG `` LJ ,`` d O`` f K ,IOh`` e
Sh ,NCG LhJh `` MGh H dGh k e `` eG
H RQo k jCG gh ,Hh HH G bRQh He T
j eY dG jj ,fGMCGh MGaCG k e Yh HGh
GdGh dG `` cTGh f eY GMCG `` Jh
dG ba ,`` dGh ,k jS O`` fh k jS gf ,IQ`` dGh
k AdH LCGh T Y
fdG Lj g ,T j :Fb
?e

 , :a ,Y dG NCG `` cJh ,IdG N

,d AKQ HCGh ,G `` S :OOQCG NCGh ,e `` Lj
G a ,j dG dP bCGh ,Z e fG `` bh
S fCG X M ,AdG IT e j c a ,Gk KDe
,YeH `` jh ,SCGQh `` Lh `` j GQh ,`` dG `` J
Hh ,`` Y f `` d ;LNCGh h`` VG `` H `` eCa
MCG a dG eCG ,I`` G EG IRH LJ I`` dG
J IRL gh ,cCG Y IRL fa ,HQbCG `` H
,HQbCG H j ,k cH bh dG Yh ,k HO VQCG Y
k S
EG Yh ,G fa ,Yjh ,Yj bh ,b
Y Jh G EG j e `` dG G e Hh `` G
.dG Y ILY dG
IRL `` M ,dG I`` U Hh `` dG `` dG h
,aYCG fCH T ,k jZ d LdG ,eCJCG NCG ,d
LdG G`` gh ,G CG EG `` a ,`` JgT jCG `` dh
,k jM `` dG fGh ,jN `` Y edG WJh ,`` aYCG
c eC
p G ,T j ,jU `` e eC
p G c d ,T j :`` Fb
c eCG ,H ,`` jU j ,dGh G h`` j
,AdG `` fG K ,`` HTh dW `` jU G`` a `` j
OOa,fh A`` H `` cJ ,Jca ,`` G `` fGh
?e c :Je H

274

275
Y Qj a ,dG Y `` LhR VY :CG a
bd LhR AL dG IU Yh j CG Qb ,`` dhJ
MQ ,jN Y Q k eO eh CG S gh ,JLa
fEG :OOj `` NCGh ,jU Iah `` edG `` j G
UG :d a ,LGQ dEG fEGh `` fEG ...LGQ dEG `` fEGh
CG j ,`` G aQ e `` j CG G C` `SG ,`` MGh
X j X XCG `` dG qp HG jCG : O`` j
.Y U K ,Jh ,H bh ,X EG
a ,ICLG fc gh ,dG EG IRH LJ
:f `` a ,k ZQa `` jU d Qh`` G dG `` fLh
,b e Gg j ,IR`` L Cp J eC
p G e ..`` e
dG QG`` G Y j `` Vhh ,QdG `` dG `` dfCa
LG !Y b e d a :OOQCG fCGh ,H `` j
LNh ,k JGeCG H Q`` dG Lh Gk Qch Gk QU I`` G
MQGh `` d ZG ,dG :`` d YOCG `` bhh ,dG `` e
He Q`` S Y `` dG L `` H `` LGh ,`` dG
K ,L eO `` eh ,Qe `` e Y U `` e
bGh fCGh ,jG e dG fa HQbCG YCG fG
S ,G EG dEG ,gdG h gdG HUCG `` b
g Sh ,VG EG Uh bQdG CG G `` Mh G

276
NCGh ,bU `` MCG H KM `` d dG IG `` dG
SY dG gcP dG a ,IGh MdH d YOCG
.GeCG e hH

p eo p Yr n dr G oOp Un h
l o Un l jr p Un
n

`dG
n H or jn nr GnPEG n fr tdG nYn
l Sn

277

G
d M `` e ,jG IOS `` j Y `` j
fCG a ,d uk eo Y H fEa ,jdG eCG
NCG gH ,`` H Gh `` G UEG `` e
,dBG `` H gG QG`` eh d `` j GPe `` eCJCG
h ,LdG `` e e dsf `` G J CG `` ch
Y f K ,O`` dGh G Z jdG -G `` MLdG J ,b e gLh f jdG `` SG e
f Gg H K ,cdG FGdGh `` dG HGh YdG
j wc NCGh `` G J M Gh fdG `` Se
QM j CG `` jj NBG Hh j `` H ,dH
.(g fCG) :jh
,e c `` d CG c ej `` fEa ,jG IO`` S
,H egc H Gd ;e cCG d jh ,f
V a ,j e fh H egG dhCG a
.TG `` FQ M Y Cj `` MCG h ,G `` Njh
G hCG dBG `` ee eJ CG ,jG IO`` S j LQCa
ee eY H ,Gg jQCG ,k Xe UH `` eJ h
edG jYdH T c e edG j G ,G

278
jYdG j G hCG XGh ,fdG bCG fl e
!?G M jYH a ,TG FQ e M

`dG
Gfj CG ``j ``e ``j ``e ``
.gH Gd ;BG

QhO H fU d `` o ,jG IOS j `` G

bdGh jQdG M `` e fU CG d o ,`` Gh
ee eJ CG `` W GPEG CN Y fCG a ,GO`` jdGh
.H egG e H GJ CG LQCG ?G

279

hG
e d ,OG`` H ICGeG `` JAL :e `` H MCG `` b
CG `` H dCSCG :`` dbh ,`` Sf H `` fCG `` ca ,`` dG
fCGh ,f Y gcCG :db !?fi eh :a ,`` J
cP a ,hGh G e bJCG fCG h ,`` M BG
,e g EG M e H e CGh ,LhR fCG aj e d
. G S SG ,J LQCa
Vh Ie Hh .e K ,Y Sh ec S
eh QGO EG `` JCj G `` eEH CLJCG `` H GPEGh ,Gk O`` de
XCa ,OdH cQjh fj GG e Y
YCGh gQO JCGh JM NOh ,dGh dG d
k ,`` eEd
dh ,ICGG J W b `` fCG J fCG :Fb
,Cd J CG LQCG G gh ,OdG Y dH `` e
c e e H JCG S IOY dPh ,HG Y J d
e GG Gg Y QSGh ,dP Y OT fCGh ,`` T
.gOdeh ICGG iQCG CG hO
SdG A`` a ,OdG `` J eY e j `` eHh
jh ,Qbh G AH `` dG d XCG a ,`` fhj
dG G `` J fC ; b k ` `Y k ` `fM CG G

280

,aQ `` dh ,`` gGQdG `` J `` d `` LQCG CG `` dhM

e hJ H GPEa ,`` S Eq G g eh .S M `` eh
G ah JQ e cTCG `` a MUh Qe `` LQ
.MCG M e RdG GHCG gH Y
q

`dG
e QH ,G e IQP ``a ``d bGh fEG
GPa ,``dLdGh e``dG e dG A``dG ``a
!?FdG UCG j Ya fCG

,j QGO H GPEGh ,dG e d h .eG CG H M

IU eh ,ICGG H CLJCG H GPEG ,dG a eYh
J c dG gGQdG g g :J gh da ,`` gGQdH
.JS c G S ,G eEG e T c EG

281

dSdG
,k L k M fj Dh`` HCG ch ,RdG AGQh k ` `S `` aS
dG hCG dSQ CG `` SQCG bh ,G`` MG c d `` jh
q jo `` e MGh c `` NCG H ,`` H e GhDh`` d `` gj
c Ie c h ,MCG ZCG Y e fEG :jh ,dSdG
dSdG `` j K ,QG e `` dG eCj A`` HCG
gd ;`` NBG EG M e fLj G`` fc ,b `` Y
SQCG dSQ c e Ga Ggh ..fK ghjh GdG e
.dG eh gHCG
,a MGh HG EG e nj `` JSCG d CG O`` Yh
?eCG jCG :CG dCa
e e j h ,jT Ve HUCG `` d :HG b
.Ja ,LY Y d
SQCG d hCG dSdG G`` J CG ?GP :CG `` b
.G e Gk c k e a d
?NCG jCGh HCG dCa , :HG b
H PEG ,A`` dG aQ H `` Y J d :`` HG `` b
.e ga ejo h ,j e j eCG e

282
W dG dSdG CG`` j CG ?GP :`` bh ,CG J
?Eq G JCj CGh ,AdG AaQ Y j CG a e
k `` HG OQ
,H EG Ib h M :`` LdG b , :Fb
?NCG jCGh

gNCG dG dSdG iNCG g CGJ CG :Gk FK CG a

.GhdG Gd aQh ,dG Gg Sh S AH a
dG g FSdG H MG d , :HG `` b
gCGf dh ,fh k FGa ,dG
Jh T J ch ,ISCG J CT J
H ,H `` J h dEG CG `` FSQ CG`` J `` fC ;`` JM
K ,a `` dG hO Y aGh `` jH `` cGh
Y NGO VG dG BG`` dG EG ,G EG f
.G Y b
AHCG ADg eY c q G dSQ eYCG fEG !jh j
dh ,e VCGh G ZCG fEa ,HCG `` FSQ

SQCG `` dG `` dG `` dP `` LhJ `` d :`` HG `` b

.SJ TCG e J gh ,e LGhR J

283
Sa ,c JM e a ,`` a fCG h Dh`` bCG
.Gk HCG gCG CG Y eYh ,G LNCGh HQ

`dG
,HjEG ``H dM e GMCG EG ``fG
.dS Ua J CG hMh

284

ZCG Y `` Je FGV HY `` dhO H `` LJ

,jV Y d YH UTCG MCG a ,FdG
jh ,LGQq O Y k SH j c j CGa ,SdG gh
QG f `` N e c bh ,i`` NCG `` dhdG EG
dG Hh ,jW I`` e eCG SGh ,a T `` fOCG hO
N dG Gg CG CG LGQq O j c q jo c fCG cG
p
.c e Gj a ,QG LQ J OhM Y

`dG
Jf ``uZ Q``eCG ``Y ``J ``eY
.dEG

d hg

285

OhdG
ed ce IVfi A`` dE IJcdG MCG `` YOo
hCG :`` LLR VM `` e MCa ,`` G QGVCG `` Y
K a ,A`` G IOhO `` Vhh N a `` dGh Ae `` a
eG G f `` M ,HGPh a ,`` G `` Vh
dG EG ,f :G`` G a ?dSdG Uh g :`k ` FS
EG f Q`` cdG Gg !j `` d ;G j OhO `` H
dG EG h`` G hj h ,dG `` N e `` HdG
.eH UG

`dG
.IfCGh Sch H dM e jb dY

286

dG MCG Ah`` H JQS Oj `` FdG `` MCG c

,Qe IQ`` S eeCG X IC` `ah ,Gh `` LhOG
MU GP`` M `` M `` d ,`` HH `` gOj CG `` SG
YCH Uh IQdG LR a Qe NO dG IQdG
dP fh ,`` dG g e LdG `` Z !zjN{ :`` JU
jH CLJ G Rh CG Hh ,dG bCH LdG
c dG G`` g sa a ,H Ua `` jdG e
H j NBG `` dG c H ,T fCH z`` jN{
dG fa ,dG G`` g Yj dh ,LdG `` J
.jG dH UGh ,LdG dP T fCG

`dG
eh dM ``e c Y ``M k ``HjEG ``c
.J

jG

287

G dG
`` a `` e Q`` g `` SG `` T `` g c
,jEG dG MCG e Xe AL ,fGGh bCG
:bh ,Qg a ,YS N fGN j CG G`` h
a dhfi Q`` g CG`` Hh ,FbO `` N `` N `` aCS
e j Mh ,j dh ,YS SGh ,`` fGG
c dG C ;`` dG p o a `` fGG H `` Y SG `` a
CG MG Q`` g (GOQH) j PEG ,`` UCG k ` `Me
IOdG (GOGQdG Y) J f gh Me ,fGG
W CG IQe e hJ Qg IQe EG M ,dG EG
.V (GOGQH) M QJ a ,MG fGG a

`dG
AdG ``b H ``J ``e ``g CG ``cCJ
.dG

288

MCG h ,d SG Ia SdG b Yj T hJ
H J CG e Wh ,jU IQjd LhR UhCG jCG
,H JG LhN Ye AL a ,gNCj d ;`` fG GPEG
Y Oa ,`` YS HQ H JGh ,`` JG NCJ `` d
,dG Yh :`` db ,Y dG :b ,dG `` MU
:b ?JM e :db ,`` d cCG S d :`` b
:a ,OCG b j :ITe G MU da ,b fCG
.d hR SdG b fCG ,NCG Gk Y
IQdG C ;`` SCG G`` H Y OQ `` dG `` MU
b G IQU g H UG (GOQdG) IOLG
.ce hjh ,j G Gg CG bJh ,dh

`dG
k
.eMCG CdG dGh ,Y
J

dh b

289

H dG V

`` YG `` fdG OCG IQ`` e `` b `` g

J ,jW Ie b jQH KM M `` bGh Y
SQh (U) YJ L HT g fc fCG KGMCG
ch ,IdG GdG iMEG Cf (jJH) Yj U
G d bJ H ,SdG Ic ge (jJH)
k
.jQH EG gdH fh ,k be e
G (U) h`` J jdG (`` jJH) H Mh
`` MW ch ,Q`` dG `` UY EG k ` `jS `` gdG GQ`` bh
k Y k ` `eSQ (g) `` S M ,`` jGdG `` e k ` `VGh
GCGHh L T S jQH h ,IQe Jc (`` gh)
a S `` dG G h ,`` jCG Qh `` aGgCG `` j
j GPh ,G `` d ,jK IS `` Y (U) `` aJ
aR M Q dG Z DdDd Y IQSG e W
.dG JH
UJ `` gh ,dG YCGh `` jdG I`` dG `` aGhh
H dG `` V cG (`` U) dh .`` Y `` aH
Q`` fG `` a A`` dH `` `` NCa ,`` dGEG `` JOY
GQb GQG ac LGe Hh ,edG KCG e (jJH)

,UGGh dG f `` d jdG Id jL Y AG`` T

Gk c k e fGSGh e c YH dG Gg `` dh
EG GOYCGh k ` `He Gk Y `` jTG YHh .`` Ma `` FGH
jdG dh ,dG gY fCG k e J dG IdG
YJ FGdGh ,c (U)h (jJH) Y c `` dG
IM aZ EG fGh ,`` G T ca ,QG`` SH
M Y (`` U) J Y e `` jdh ,Qb `` M
.dG eON J CGHh ,dG
k ` M j CGHh SdG `` a (jJH) `` eCG
,AG `
a `` Je ,k ` `eY `` jYh `` N `` G `` g `` Y `` Xh
j GPh ,dG `` a TJh ,dG a `` Vh MCG
IjG Jd GhG`` G H d (`` U) gP
:JBG QGG H QGa ,dG JQL gT aOHh
?U fCG g Gk Y !!dG g c H aJ CG gG e ,f GPh ?d M GPe ,jQe dM jJ !dEG `` j !?ICa NG
d ?e JSG `` dG dG ,JS j `` jcJCG ,HQ VH Gk `` jL Gk Y d jTa ,`` e V
.b Of dReh

290

291
Gk Y c d ?JjY `` j jJ GP !dEG `` j !!fa N hj ,Gk e

`dG

.G hdG b e g CG e cCJ

292

Y Ud KK `` g M 1964 Y CGH `` b
k L `` a ,`` gOLd `` J `` dG (`` d Qc) `` e
;(d) dd dG `` fc jGdG eh .dBG `` bH
UdG CG k M JG dh .'dG Y aO be fC
.(d) gQL e FGO QT Y Gfch ,INEG Gfc KdG
IYO N e d N fCH dG AYOG JG Ggh
QOCG Mh ,bdG YGH b K ,d KdG A`` TCG
,QfCG Y k Ff NG V j CG`` H VdG CG (d)
.Y QdG hfi c ah
!?NG jCG aJCG ,dh Me RhJ ,`` b ,f G NG `` d
k aN ;k Ff ANG Y LhR e JG PEG ,je Gk `` e
dWCG `` Y gS A`` NEG Y `` JG c .G`` YEG `` e
Je LhdG dh ,G`` d G jJ N ;Q`` dG
J gdGh CG je ,OhCG c M ,TCG IY H
Ie QNG dG dG (d) TY Ggh ,H eR e
K k M `` a S a G `` eCG .k eY KKh `` S
N j c a (d) OLH e CG j FY

dG

293
,dG `` H k e AhH O`` j K ,GdGh `` dG h`` d
j UCGh ,Q`` dG AGL e HdH `` UCG (d) `` dh
k jG dG MU S d GPh ,QGSH
k Je S
.WdG YSa ,VQCG e

,Y Y M ,dG J WdG M Mh
:JBG QGG H QGa
!?g J GPeh ?fCG e H gNCGh) k eY37 e g YCG ,d SG !(FNG
!?FNG H M GPe J CG !dEG j ?M GPe , bd GN gOhCG C` `H UdG IdGh `` aYG !!JAGH k M Gk Qa VdG QUCa ,de

`dG
ghCGh Xh ee H JM q J
.IcDe Z

294

fCG gh ,d I`` fi dGRe VjdG `` e

k 17 `` LQ `` KK `` g c
QEG jW `` Y L
,K `` dGh ,f `` hCG `` a ,`` Jhe `m ` H
hCG :JBc `` jRdG `` j dG Mh :`` J `` ddGh
(317) dG dGh 8^5 = (217) dG
Ghj h 1^89 = (917) `` dG `` ddGh 5^67 =
hCG e CG HP hO ,H a G `` J d jW
HCG H Y G EG G`` ga ,dG b e AL `` H
`` dW
CG g : `` d a ,e Mh `` JQ
k `` VCG
GSG H GaGa ?`` dG EG L e L
G `` bh ,`k ` L 18 `` G `` Q`` a !!`` jT
dGh 9 = (218) `` dG hCG :JBc `` jRdH
= (918) dG ddGh 6 = (318) `` dG ``
dG H FdG `` G CG VG jdG `` dh 2
k 17 `` j
G OSGh ,M e `m ` MGh c NCa !!L
.(Y edG) L

`dG
cdG a ,M hO ``e ``e g d
.G g

295

dG

k CG `` j
k ee UCGh `` G Y dJ LQ
k `` j h ,k ` `ee
MCG EG `` gj CG Qa ,`` a g M
g dG `` dG e h`` d S `` Y dj `` d ;A`` G
d ,G `` jCG :d Fb ,A`` G MCG EG `` ga .`` a
d a .?TQCa ,dG e a fCG M eh ,JCG
dGDS dCSCS ,LdG jCG :Lh f CG H ,`` G
?g eh :LdG a .HLEG e jQCG
`` J `` eh ,`` fdG `` g EG `` LCG :`` G `` a
S GJCG :G a . ,dG :LdG b ?G
. ,dG :LdG b ?G J e NCJh ,fdG g
NCj CG M e gj dh ,H Cp J eCG :G a
f dh ,fdG eCG Y Gk Q`` U c .dG Gg c `` e
.OQCG e `` d j VQCG EG f `` e WCG A`` dG EG
.WG Qhe QdG e LdG N

`dG
CG ``M e ``gj ``dh ,``H Cp ``J ``eCG{
.zdG Gg c e NCj

296
QNG
GPEG e SG `` MG U J CS `` j
.H HLCa ?G AfG H e dG feEH c
:QGG Gg H c bdG M eYh

g HCG CG `` e `` H cPCG C` `H TCG :`` dG

?jfdG MG EG SQEG feEH g ,MG
dG SQG je EG dG W f dP Y Ak `` H
aGhh ,JGQb `` d ;e dG `` NEG Qh`` H Qb
.dP Y dG
?4*3 c :jG
.jG IMj 12 :dG
?6*6 hJ c ,k M :jG
.36 :dG
?HdG UY e :jG
.cW :dG

?jJ GPe :G

297
,SCG `` j `` YS f `` e cCG `` jG `` SG
.GDS CG j dGh
:SCG W feEH c EG G a

HQCG e Lj dG AdG g e b ,k M :G
?KG e Yh ,IdG Y
.G IM j ,LQCG :dG
a ,QNG Gd M Vh jG Qb G Gg `` Y
M ,jfdG EG `` dh eG EG SQCG S :`` d
.HLEG L CNCG fCG

`dG
.dG S UCG dG eJ c

298

a `` LN :a ,`` d M b `` LQ `` cj
G ujo `` HdG Oj ,k ` `fS HEG iQCG `` H GPEGh ,`` HdG
fGh Qq On eCG e bdG a bG a ,YhV `` e
bf e bf EG a ,Gh cdG Ic e e G
,G a ,S sHo d GQk L cJh ,N `` ah
a ,Q ah bdG H bJC Gh :a
o
EG e MCGh ,|' & % $# " !} :j
dG bWh ah `` bdG g NCG :j ,bdG `` g
Lh dG jCGa ,d e jg gN :bh QL `` Y
gX Y jh d e j a ,j GPe Qj
.Y N
l e ALh d ;j a jh
,bh `` aH `` dG A`` Lh ,`` HdG `` fG `` a
,CdGh AG Y j ;j hdG CGHh VQCG Jh
:MdGh) ,MdG AG Y `` f MdG fOT :j
a a d Fe Hfi EG `` UJ VQCG M `` g
.(hdG aj VQCG
,f `` M ;AG `` MoC ;MdG G`` g EG `` Na
MdG `` a ,hj MdG Q`` N `` KdG OhCGh
,KKh ejh ej
k DhHCG fGh ,h`` G jW YCG h

bdG

299
VQCG J d ,eh Zd fk K d :Gdbh Gj M
k W ;`` cg h`` j -H P`` dGh- G`` fch ,`` gh
.GG Gbh ,dG EG Gga ,dGh G J
bf hcJCG :ShCG b GG j g Hh
NCa ,j G`` g fQL EG ?Q gYCG dG `` HCG
k
,ah bdG `` e fh fQ a ,`` LCG L
,bdG NCG :G`` dbh HH Y GYbh `` G EG G`` ga
da ,d e i`` JCGh JCG , gGgCG `` cHCG EG :`` b
,d Gk N bdG d YCG :G`` da ,GdGh dG Y `` jo
dh ,I`` Y BG a EGh ,`` fe `` G G`` g `` Nh
o :Gdb ,HCG EG cTCG :b ,k T e f
,dEG TG
:Gdb ?QOCG h ?`` e `` c !?e :`` b ,e b `` fEa
k Op `` NO
Gg EG H GgPG :b ,j h ,AGdG M
.L jQCG h ,T e GaGh bdG GhN K ,MdG
dG MU `` a NO dG `` G AGQh H GgP `` a
k MCGh `` gP
a ,MdG QN HQ K ,k T TCGh M
,Mj NBGh a j e EG Uh M b Y `` Mj
Mj NCGh k fCG j H GPEGh ,`` J HWdG FGQ jh
,W Y j ba ,VQCG jh dG `` fCG Mf
e SCG H j M g GPEa ,j Va ,`` LdG Y K
,MdG Q`` N e LNCG `` K ,Y `` HQh q ` `a ,`` dG

300

H Jh MtdG NO ,k Y k jM KMCS :b
TCG NCGh ,dEG Uh dG AG EG hBG :`` a ,dG
NCG jCG KK Hh ,j Aa ,Mj G dh ,e
eCG S b Y me fCG Hh ,NCe c e G
GPEa ,dYa ,d Y aj H MCG H GPEGh ,G EG
,gj K JQCa ,`` a e j ,GQCG `` dG A`` fEH
,Ge K `` j c dG `` JCj AfEG G`` g NCG `` bh
?YfG S e QOCG a ,fG ej e dh
OhCG X !d YfG S J d :QG a
G j c `` dG bdG G`` Sh EG GhDha ,`` e `` fCG
hG FU{ : b bh ,bU X a ,e
d ,GhDNG :`` d bh OhCG `` a ,zAdG Q`` e `` J
.Q fh , f ,f e b

`dG
``S ``eh ,G ``TCG ``WCG ``e
.G c c eh ,G S

HOh ,QGO EG H ALh ,X Y Mh Sh dG YCGh

NCG :b ,`` j OhCGh ,`` jL e LdG I`` G
? CG hO VQCG YSC
k G H c Y H

301
QdG

,OdG `` MCG G A`` Y jG `` MCG i``

.G kYe dd GhOMh ,Y Od ;gcPCG GhQNa
.NCJ d ,dG Uh G bJ OG YG h
Y fC ;`` Nh Y g d :jVd `` G `` a
AKCG h!dEG d d dG CG d KCGh ,Y `` fCS CG
fCGh :b K ,NCJ Y QYGh G dG M `` ec
Y fGh ,dG H YCG `` Hk Qb LCG ,g EG `` jdG
e G e GdCG dG X ICah ,WdG
QdG bG K ,Hk Qb UCG M ,fh YH H
.dEG Lh ca ,e
j `` a ,`` LdG G`` g EG :`` G `` a
j ch ?`` MCG j CG hO `` Hk Qb `` jh `` G
Y J GPa :bh ,`` dG a!?cj e O`` Lh hO
!?dEG H dG dG dG Gg EG :J fCGh ,f

`dG
,G Y j dGh ,dG Y J IdG
j dG dG Ggh ,fdG Y J dGh
.jb dN Y

302
gQdG

Gg EG :a ,`` dc g ,f :dbh ,ICG`` G `` a

gh ,J e K Lha :`` j gh ,M `` gQdG
400) h`` j gh ,`` dG `` Hh ,(`` k gQO 75) h`` j
jh ,(gQO 100) hj gh ,G SS eCh ,(gQO
NCa ,NCG Yh ,Y KG JNEG Y RJ (k gQO 25)
NCd jh ,gQO CG a ,ICGG NCJ e V LdG
.MGh gQO -fCG g dG-

`dG
Y Y``j jH GD``dG ``Y ``cJ
.dH G

d :d da ,AdG MCG EG A`` L ICGeG CG j

j G Gb h ,gQO `` e S Jh ,NCG `` e
c Q :d b `` K , dG a !Gk MGh k ` `gQO EG
.k NCG Y KGh HGh CGh LhR NC

303
FdG G

k CG ihj
bh ,d GP M HCG eEG EG AL LQ
,e e G e k e aO jW Ie e ,eEG j :`` d
?G g M YJ a ,G Gg f dh
d LCG M ;dG Y e Gg d :eEG d a
k
,dG j M ua ,gPG :d bh ,a K ,M
,LdG ga .-J G AT EG- G e cS fEa
,IdG AKCG h ,`` b bh Hh ,IC` `ah .j `` NCGh
.MCGh dEG gPh SCa ,a G aO dG G cJ
NCGh ,M HCG eEG EG `` LdG AL `` dG h
cJCS CG aY c :dCS K ,Th ,G Y Y `` fCG
!?G e
,J cj d dG CG Y C :eEG `` a
!JU Y G cH Sh

`dG
e Q``f ``e ``Y k ``fMCG ``G ``j ``b
.GDdG

304

a ,SdG `` Nh ,G `` ej
Y `` U
k
HUCGh G SQ C ;AdG Qe Gdj CG `` e
geCG dd ?gQO e HQCG `` Y AdG Qe Gh`` jj
eCG f a ,gQO e HQCG Y ICGG GU Ghjj CG
j :jb `` e ICGeG d db ,`` G Y `` e `` eDG
Y AdG `` bU Ghjj CG SdG `` f ,eDG `` eCG
:J G b S eCG :da .f :b ?gQO e `` HQCG
.(dG G :QdG) ?| ) ( '}
,Y e aCG SdG c ,`` fGZ ,dG : `` a
f c EG ,SdG `` jCG j :bh ,G a LQ `` K
e de e `` j CG AT a ,A`` dG Q`` e Gh`` jJ CG
.a ,MCG

`dG
.WdG jO e N G EG YLQ

G ICGG

305
G G

,adGh H k ahe jdG Y H `` Y c

GP ,HCG j:d bh ,FHCG MCG Y NO ,jCG e j h
N e fe CG `` d Ga !?QeCG H `` gJ
.Gk MCG G
G P G Ea ,H j J :`` H G a
MCG CG NCG fCGh ,ddG IG eMh ,Je BGdG
Y gLCG CG NCG CG) aa ,L G Y `` SdG
.a a (aa ,IMGh Ie
SS `` CWG CG `` H k VGQ `` HG `` fa
M f dh ,`` V Y d HCG M CG Yh ,`` HCG
.jd a

`dG
H MdGh dG S``SCG e IfCGh hdG
.SdG

306
dG bQh
-G MQ- adG `` eEG EG SdG H A`` L j GP
a G O`` Lh Y `k ` dO d `` cj CG `` e G`` Wh
!dG bQh g ddG :d b K ,

GPEG d ,MGh W dG bQh :adG eEG a

k NCG dG cCG GPEGh ,Gk ` `jM NCG dG OhO `` cCG
,Y
dG a ,dG FGdG GP G NCG dG `` cCG GPEGh
dN -Jh fS- G fEG !?QG OYh `` UCG Mh
!dG dG

`dG
.aG e Gc
k j dG YEG

J c :G`` dAJh ,HLEG `` g e SdG `` a

k dG bQh
!?G OLh Y dO

307
gdG WdG

,dGh BGdH k Yh ,Gk Gk HY QG H G Y c

.jdG Y e Gd ;SdG e c j
a ,jdG LQ e j c ,jCG e j h
d ;QG `` HG dEG a .G `` j dh ,`` LdG
CG e c `` Y S `` dG `` H G `` M CG EG `` f
.j LdG dh ,Y aj
CG hO dG `` H j `` j CG QG `` HG OGQC` `a
a ?`` Y GPEG WdG `` j A`` T CG:`` dCa ,`` Lj
.G Mj :QG HG d b FY , G :LdG

`dG
``Y ``j ``e ``adG ``Y ``j G EG
.dG

308
OG LdG

k adG eEG `` a
dG e b MCG `` K ,b
CG eY Lh Y a ,LdG `` H bh ,G
.LhCG ,f :b ?LhCG g :d a ,dGh
!?dG Ljh dG e k bfl J c :adG a
:dc dG CG QOCGh ,eEG b e ah ,LdG Oj a
.QdH Hj Sh ,Qf e -J -G N

`dG
q
. ojG EG njG j

eEG EG `` dOG `` MCG `` gP ,`` jCG `` e `` j

e k bfl HEG j c:d `` bh -G MQ- adG
!?QdH G Hjh ,QdG

309
G

HG dG `` EG G `` SSG MCG A`` L

,Ic Ge AG fCG EG :d b ,L a ,Y
?dP jCGQ a ? CG J g :TCG dP eh
.IdG `` Y S `` a ,gPG :`` Y `` HG `` a
?dP ch :d bh ,LdG a
:KK Y dG aQ{ :b dG C:Y HG a
.zj M dGh ,j M FdGh ,j M G
? CG ZG g :jh -e - GQk Ge AG `` j eh
! T H a

`dG
.dSCGh bW J dG

310

EG k gGP , `` G H Y eDG `` eCG `` N

CG Y jdG h .`` HdG H e ch ,`` dG OH
,SdG e G`k ` c bh ,dG fG `` b YdG `` Ve
d `` a ,dG `` NO `` e e `` e `` eh ,`` LdG Q`` a
Qb e GQk GaCG : GG H IY HCG G `` HdG
!?eDG eCG j G
K ,IY HCG j db Z d :eDG eCG Y O`` a
k ,VCG
CG d jCGQCG ,G Qb EG G Qb e q f f :Fb
k G d
QR H CG) N gGMEG :L d jk OGh g HE
CG) jL iNCGh ,(HEG a YJ C `` J FMh
YQ d dCG ,(HEG a `` YJ C J h ,`` a QR
YQ jG YQ dh ,G Q`` H YQ G
!?G QH

`dG
dG EGh ,j af Dh``bh G Q nbn
.dG FH Jh G c

YdG

311
VdGh G

SjEG dG d Ghj CG dLQ e AG MCG W

e jQCG EG :G d b ,dG M a ,jhe HG
:bh ,G Gg dG aa .AdG e `` J CG
.Ad UCG EG
fCG :k VZ d a ,d ICLe GG Gg ch
CH Y M a ,GPEk G :QdG Y dG Oa .OU `` Z
!?dP c :G dCa .UCG
fCa -J `` c -k HPc c d C :`` dG `` LCa
UCG CG `` JNCG a ,bk OU c EGh ,A`` d `` UCG
.Ad

`dG
.dG MCGo GPEG M e d

312
IAGdG M

M G ch ,`` bd ;`` G EG `` ghNCa

vY eEG GhLh ,dEG GgP a
Y H Y
.dG Gd gbJ CG d d :d a ,Y GkOLe
G b d :d `` a !?dP ch :dCSh G`` a
Ieh `` G CG CG) | / . - ,} :`` J
{ z } :`` J bh .(Gk ` `T KK `` YVdG
,Gk PEG .S `` YVdG I`` e CG CG) |~ } |
S j CG Gh ,Gk T hYh HQCG `` YVda
.(a TCG

`dG
q CGdG aMh dG
.QeCG e

k dh TCG S Hh ,ICGeG LhJ

CG hGh ,W
,G e TCG S hCG TCG J H J e k dZ ICG`` G
M fCGh ,`` Lhd fl J ICGG CG `` SdG `` a
.e LGhR b ,Z e

5
7
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40

AGgEG
SG
VdG N
`dG QG`dG
U J
GcCG GfCG
?OCG YCG g
IOfi jhGR e
bGdG ae
dG
JM
k d c
Gh G
QGdH SG
dH r o Jn
bGG UCG
r ua
AdG b

42
43
45
47
48
49
51
53
54
56
57
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
75
76
78

G AGQBG
adG o No
G OM
dG
dG fG
dG H
dG JEG
dG
CGSCGh dG
IdG IG
G QMG
G Hh G
JEG
MQG
SdG b
JGP J
YCG LQ AcP
QGh dG YGQ
aCG q a
YCGh YEG
Gk f J
r G
aG K ,QOC

314

315
79
83
85
87
88
91
92
95
96
99
101
103
105
108
110
112
113
114
116
118
120
122

jd S
d GhRCG
dG S
dG MU
dG OU
e cCS
G OhdG
!a dG
G YCG
?Se CG ,je
`````d bh
?cPCG e
!?AGS fCG g
iNCG f Lh
AGd YS
aCG e Gg
e T SCc
bdG AS
QGYCG GY
dG dG
hG U
YdG

125
127
129
131
133
137
139
142
144
146
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159

eG
dG Se
TGdG IM e
?X CG OY
dG
AT G
TdG SCG
J
|o n m l k j }
aShje SGe
ThG
FQ J
dG Y bY
!G kSCG c
dGh jdG
OhM H hje
MG MdG
HH NG
YCG REG
eH IOdG
jMCG FH
jG e jJ

316

317
161
162
164
165
166
168
170
171
172
174
175
176
177
179
180
182
184
186
188
191
193
197

IOdG SSCG
LddG IQSCG
IQG SQM
dG dG QS
LdG gO
IadG
QG HGh QG
QaCG J
dG Y TdG
aGdG Obh
G He
dG dG
jDhdG jY
r hp b
G G
dGh jG
OH EG
dG h dG
fZ AGM
Gh G
cCG e
IG

199
201
203
205
206
209
218
220
221
222
223
224
225
227
228
231
232
233
235
237
239
242

``Gh edG
hG AfEG
dG
gGdGh dG
dG M
dG K
r q J
LdG G
QdGh dG
FdGh QGh dG
?jJ GPe
jU BG
N L U
KQdG SCG
? g
G jdG
k Me k HH JG
gdG M
SG bY
jdG Y bY
hG J
VjdG dOe

318

319
243
244
245
247
248
250
255
256
259
260
262
263
266
269
270
271
272
277
279
281
284
285

WG OYG
?HCG jCG
XG J
QRDG dG
`jQHCG `S
?G e
QdG QNG
ALdG MU dG
IH Y
eH QT
MCG L e KCG
Y g bh
IjdG
QSGh ICGG
QSG HYCG
QSG a
jdG
G
hG
dSdG
d hg
OhdG

286
287
288
289
292
294
295
296
298
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313

jG
G dG
dh b
H dG V
dG
G
dG
QNG
bdG
QdG
gQdG
FdG G
G ICGG
G G
dG bQh
gdG WdG
OG LdG
G
YdG
VdGh G
IAGdG M
SdG

320