Properties of Various Materials, ordered by Young's Modulus

Density Young Toughness Elastic Limit Ductility Compressive Hardness

-3 Modulus
/ kg m / J m -2 / MPa Strength / MPa
/ GPa / MPa
Diamond 3510 1100 9.8 2900 0.0049 14000 45000
High Alloy Steel 8300 240 2000 1600 0.016 - 5800
Low Alloy Steel 7850 210 14000 740 0.11 740 3100
Mild Steel 7850 210 16000 310 0.35 310 1400
Nickel, Pure 8900 200 73000 260 0.11 260 1500
Silicon, Pure 2330 160 4 170 0.0012 3300 9600
Cast Iron 7400 130 3400 230 0.0039 - 2000
Copper 8935 130 32000 120 0.49 120 680
Brass 8200 110 24000 190 0.17 190 1200
Titanium 4520 110 25000 280 0.27 - 1500
Zinc 7140 99 42000 110 0.42 110 320
Gold 19300 78 46000 28 0.39 64 370
Aluminium 2700 70 14000 41 0.17 - 320
Porcelain 2100 66 6.3 100 0.0015 1000 3100
Common Brick 2200 28 20 7.7 0.00022 200 600
Concrete 2300 24 6.7 1.7 0.000077 21 61
Oak (longitudinal) 740 17 2400 56 0.021 - 81
Lead 11350 14 5400 6.9 0.42 6.9 44
Pine (longitudinal) 530 13 1600 48 0.019 - 44
Silk 1300 8.7 230 350 0.14 - -
Cotton 1540 5 400 190 0.063 - -
Wool 1300 4.5 440 89 0.2 - -
Balsa (longitudinal) 150 3.8 47 11 0.012 - 2.5
Oak (transverse) 740 3.5 80 7.3 0.0073 - 58
MDF 730 3 330 10 0.0041 - 68
Paper 900 2.8 2100 23 0.022 47 73
Polystyrene 1100 2.6 370 35 0.026 63 110
Polycarbonate 1230 2.5 3300 65 1.1 110 160
Nylon 6 1200 1.8 2600 48 1.2 77 130
Polypropylene 900 1.3 2800 26 1.6 37 77
Pine (transverse) 530 1.2 150 5.4 0.0089 - 38
Leather 920 0.22 67000 3.2 0.37 1.4 24
Balsa (transverse) 150 0.13 2.9 0.63 0.015 - 2
Natural Rubber 925 0.0019 21000 29 6.3 30 -