BASIC EQUATIONS FOR ME 200

(1)

Work Relations

We = I t

Wb = pd

Wspring =

ks 2
( x 2 x 12 )
2

wcv = dp + (V12 V22 ) / 2 + g ( z1 z2 )

Wrot = 2 n

(2)

First Law Relations and Mass Conservation

Q W = U + KE + PE

Q& W& m& out h + V 2 / 2 + gz

out

(3)

out

+ m& in h + V 2 / 2 + gz

in

dE
dt

cv

m& out = m& in

in

Second Law Relations

Q
S =
+
T boundary
1
2

& es e + m
& is i +
m
e

&
Q
dS
= j + &
dt
j Tj

q
s =
T int rev
1
2

&
Q
dS
j
+ & cv = cv
Tj
dt

PROPERTY RELATIONS FOR ME 200

(4)

Pressure, Temperature and Energy Relations

pabs = patm + pgage

p = nRuT

p = mRT

pR = p / pc
x = m g /(m f + m g )

TR = T / Tc
y = (1 x ) y f + xy g = y f + xy fg

k = Cp/Cv

h = u + p

u = c v dT

cp cv = R

R = Ru M
R = pc / RTc

p = ZRT
y fg = y g y f

h = c p dT

h = u + p h(T , p ) h f (T ) = f (T )[ p psat (T )]
Entropy Relations (and isentropic processes)

u = cdT

(5)

Tds = du + pd
dT
d
ds = cv
+R
T

Tds = dh dp

dT
dp
R
T
p
s = c ln(T2 / T1 )

ds = c p

s = s o2 s1o R ln(p 2 / p1 )

T2 / T1 = ( p2 / p1 )

( k 1)/ k

= (1 / 2 )

(p 2 / p1 )s

k 1

= p r 2 / p r1

(2 / 1 )s = r 2 / r1

EFFICIENCY AND CYCLE RELATIONS FOR ME 200

(6)

Device Efficiencies and Cycle Analyses

turbine = w act w isen

th =

Wnet ,out
QH

th ,rev = 1

TL
TH

comp = pump = w isen w act

COPR =

QL
Wnet ,in

COPR ,rev =

TL
TH TL

nozzle = V22,act / V22,isen

COPHP =

QH
Wnet ,in

COPHP ,rev =

TH
TH TL

TC Q C

=
TH Q H rev

UNITS CONVERSION TABLE FOR ME 200

Mass and
Density

1 lbm = 0.454 kg

1 kg = 2.20 lb
3

1 g cm = 10 kg m
3

3
3

1 g cm = 62.4 lb ft ; 1 ft = 0.305 m
Length

1 in = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 0.305 m

1 cm = 0.394 in

1 m = 3.28 ft
Velocity
Volume

1 km h = 0.621 mile h
3

1 cm = 0.0610 in
3

1 m = 35.3 ft

1 L = 10

Pressure

1 ft = 0.0283 m

1 gal = 0.134 ft
3

1 N = 1 kg m s
1 N = 0.224 lbf

1 lbf = 32.2 lb ft s

1 lbf = 4.45 N

1 Pa = 1 N m = 1.45 10
5

1 gal = 3.79 10

1 bar = 10 N m
1 atm = 1.01 bars
Energy
and
Specific
Energy

1 in = 16.4 cm

1 L = 0.0353 ft
Force

1 mile h = 1.61 km h

lbf in

1 lbf in = 6890 Pa
2

1 lbf in = 144 lbf ft

1 atm = 14.7 lbf in

1 J = 1 N m = 0.738 ft lbf

1 ft lbf = 1.36 J

1 kJ = 738 ft lbf

1 Btu = 778 ft lbf

1 kJ = 0.948 Btu

1 Btu = 1.06 kJ

1 kJ kg = 0.430 Btu lb

1 Btu lbm = 2.33 kJ kg

1 kcal = 4.19 kJ

Energy
Transfer
Rate

1W = 1 J s = 3.41 Btu h

1 Btu h = 0.293 W

1 kW = 1.34 hp

1 hp = 2540 Btu h

o
1 kJ kg K = 0.239 Btu lbm R
o
1 kcal kg K = 1 Btu lb R
Universal Gas Constant
Specific
Heat

1 hp = 550 ft lbf s
1 hp = 0.746 kW
1 ton =12,000 Btu/h
Btu/h = 3.52kW
o
1 Btu lb m R = 4.19 kJ kg K

8.31 kJ / kmol K

R = 1540 ft lbf / lbmol o R

o
1.99 Btu / lbmol R

Standard Acceleration of Gravity

9.81 m / s 2
g =
2
32.2 ft / s

Standard Atmospheric Pressure

1.01bar
1 atm =
2
14.7 lbf / in

Temperature Relations

T (o R ) = 1.8T (K )

T (o C ) = T ( K ) 273
T (o F ) = T (o R) 460