3.

INTEGRATION
UNIT 3.1.1 Basics
Integration is the reverse of differentiation

2. Since

1. Given

d 3
xc
dx

3x

d 2
x c 2x ,
dx
d
10 x c 10 ,
dx

1. Since

dx =

= 3x2 , find

3x

10 x c

d
4 x 3 f ( x) , find
dx

7. Given

d 2

g ( x) , find
dx x 3

f ( x) dx .

g ( x) dx .

d
x( x 2)3 dx w( x) ,
dx
w( x) dx .

x31
c
3 1
x4
=
c
4
dx

4.

Integration

4. Given

2
d 2
2

c 2 , find 2 dx .
x
dx x
x

6. Given

d
100 x c h( x) , find h( x) dx .
dx

8. Given

d 2x

f ( x) , find
dx x 1

10. Given
find

UNIT 3.1.2 (a) Integration of xn :

3
x dx

d
2 x 5 c 10 x 4 , find 10x 4 dx .
dx

x3 + c

5. Given

1.

2. Given

d 1 6

5
5
x c 3x , find 3x dx .
dx 2

10 dx

dx .

3. Given

find

x2 c

dx x c

9. Given

2x dx

n
x dx

2.

5.

dx

dx

f ( x) dx .

d
( x 3)( x 2) p( x) ,
dx
p( x) dx .

x n 1
c , n 1
n 1
3.

6.

x dx

dx

UNIT 3.1.2 (b) Integration of axn :

m dx

Note :
1.

2.

10x

5.

2 dx

x11
c
11
x2
= 8.
c
2
= 4x 2 c

8.

6x dx

dx

11.

8x

14.

x31
c
3 1
x4
= 6.
c
4
3x 4
=
c
2

3
6 x dx 6.

4..

10 dx

7.

8 x dx 8.

10.

12x

13.

2
3

10x + c

dx

2x

= 2.

dx

ax n 1
c , n 1
n 1

n
ax dx

8
5

mx c , m a constant

dx

3.

4x

6..

3dx

9.

3x dx

dx

12.

10 x

15.

18.

0.9x

dx

x 31
c
3 1

8x

dx

12
4

dx

dx

dx

x 2
c
2
1
= 2 c
x
= 2.

16.

5x

Integration

dx

17.

3 x dx

dx

UNIT 3.1.3 To Determine Integrals of Algebraic Expressions.

Note : Integrate term by term. Expand & simplify the given expression where necessary.

(3x

Example :

3x3 4 x 2

5x c
3
2

4 x 5)dx =

x3 2x2 + 5x + c

(6 x 4 )dx

1.

dx

3 x 2)dx

( x 2)( x 3)dx

6.

(2 x 1)(2 x 1)
dx

x2

8.

(3x 2)

(x

3.

(2 x 1)(2 x 1)dx

5.

7.

8 x 1)dx

x(3x 2 )dx

4.

(12 x

2.

6 x2 4
x 2 dx

9.

=
=

10.

(3 x 4) 2
x 2 dx

11.

(2 x

x 1)dx

12.

(2 x) dx
2

13.

(3 x )(3 x )dx

14.

( 2 x

3 x

1
)dx
x2

15.
=

Integration

x(3 x) dx
2

UNIT 3.1.4 To Determine the Constant of Integration (I)

1

Example
SPM 2003, K2, S3(a) 3 Marks

Exercise
2
Given

dy
Given
= 2x + 2 and y = 6 when x = 1,
dx

dy
= 2x + 3 and y = 4 when x = 1, find y in
dx

terms of x.

find y in terms of x.
Answer:

dy
= 2x + 2
dx
y 2 x 2 dx
=
y
6
6
c
y

y = 6, x = 1,

Hence

=
=
=
=
=

2 x2
2x c
2
x2 + 2x + c
12 + 2(1) + c
3+c
3
x2 + 2x + 3
y = x2 + 3x

3
Given

dy
= 4x + 1 and y = 4 when x = -1,
dx

4
Given

find y in terms of x.
Answer :

dy
= 6x 3 and y = 3 when x = 2, find y in
dx

terms of x.

dy
= 4x + 1
dx
y 4 x 1 dx
=

y = 2x2 + x + 3

5
Given

dy
= 4 2x and y = 5 when x = 1, find
dx

y = 3x2 3x 3
6
Given

y in terms of x.

dy
= 3x2 2 and y = 4 when x = -1, find y in
dx

terms of x.

y = 4x x2 +2

7
Given

dy
= 3(2x 4) and y = 30 when x = dx

y = x3 2x + 3

8
Given

2, find y in terms of x.

y in terms of x.

y 2x

y = 3x2 12x 6

Integration

3
dy
= 2 2 and y = 1 when x = 1 , find
dx
x

3
6
x

UNIT 3.1.4 To Determine the Constant of Integration (II)

Example
1

Exercise
2

dy
= 6x 4 and y = 2 when x = 1,
dx

Given

Given

the value of y when x = 3.

find the value of y when x = 2.

Answer:

dy
= 6x 4
dx
y 6 x 4 dx

6 x2
4x c
2

y = 2, x =-1,

When x = 2,

dy
= 2x + 5 and y = 1 when x = 1 , find
dx

y =
3 x2 4x + c
2 =
3(-1)2 - 4(-1) + c
2 =
3+4+c
c =
-5
y =
3x2 4x 5
2
y = 3(2) 4(2) 5 = 1
29

3
Given

dy
= 1 3x2 and y = 2 when x = -1,
dx

4
Given

find the value of y when x = 2.

Answer:

dy
= 6x 3 and y = 3 when x = 2, find the
dx

value of y when x = 1.

dy
= 1 3x2
dx
y 1 3x 2 dx

4
5
Given

dy
= 4 2x and y = 5 when x = 1 find
dx

3
6
Given

the value of y when x = 1.

dy
= 3x2 2 and y = 4 when x = -1, find the
dx

value of y when x = 0.

-3
7

dy
Given
= 3(2x 1) and y = 5 when x = -2,
dx

3
8

find the value of y when x = 1.

the value of y when x = 3

-13
Integration

3
dy
Given
= 5 2 and y = 1 when x = 1 , find
dx
x

25

3.1.5 To Determine the Equation of Curve from Gradient Function

Example
Exercise
1
SPM 2004, K2, S5 (3 Marks)
2. The gradient function of a curve which passes
The gradient function of a curve which passes
through B(1, 5) is 3x2 + 2 .
2
through A(1, -12) is 3x 6x .
Find the equation of the curve.
Find the equation of the curve.
dy
Answer:
= 3x2 + 2
dy
2
dx
Answer:
= 3x 6x

dx

3x

6 x dx
3

=
y = -12, x = 1,

Hence
3.

3x
6x

c
3
2

y =
x3 3x2 + c
3
-12 = 1 3(1) + c
- 12 =
2+c
c =
10
y =
x3 6x 10

y = x3 + 2x + 2

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through P(1, 3) is 4x 6 .
Find the equation of the curve.

4.

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through Q( 1 , 4) is 3x (x 2) .
Find the equation of the curve.
Answer:

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through A(1, 6) is 5 3x2 .
Find the equation of the curve.

y = x3 - 3x2 + 8

6.

y = 5x x3 + 2

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through A(1, 10) is x( 6 3x) .
Find the equation of the curve.

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through R(2, 3) is 6x2 4 .
Find the equation of the curve.

y = x3 - 4x +3

8.

y = 3x2 x3 + 8

Integration

2 dx

y = 2x2 - 6x + 1

7.

Answer:

5.

3x

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through A(-1, 7) is 3x2 + 2x - 1 .
Find the equation of the curve.

y = x3 + x2 x +6

UNIT 3.1.6 Integration of the form

(ax b)

dx, n 1

(ax b) n 1
(ax b) dx a(n 1) c , n 1
n

E
X
A
M
P
L
E

(3x 2) 41
c
3(4 1)

E
X
A
M
P
L
E

(2 x 3)

(2 x 5) dx

2.

( x 3)

3.

(2 4 x) dx

4.

( x 2)

5.

(2 x 1)

6.

(3x 5)

1.

4
(3x 2) dx

(3x 2)5
c
15

dx

12

dx

=
=
4

dx

15

dx

dx

7.

6(2 x) dx

8.

30(4 3x)

9.

2
3
3 (1 2 x) dx

10.

2( x 3)

Integration

12(2 x 3)

15

dx

dx

dx

12(2 x 3) 3
c
3. (2)

UNIT 3.2 Definite Integral

If

2.

f ( x)dx

F (b) F (a )

2
2x dx x 1

1.

f ( x)dx F ( x) c, then

3
4
4x dx x 0
3

3.

dx

= 2 2 12
= 41
= 3

6x

[14]

[81]
2

8x dx

4.

5.

dx

6.

[12]
2

3x

7.

10 dx

[60]
3

dx

8.

(x

[20]
2

) dx

9.

dx

[3]
2

[8]

[3]

10.

2x

4
3

(2 6 x) dx

11.

(4 x 3x ) dx
2

12.

x(2 x 1) dx
0

[-10]

[22.5]

[-21]
2

13.

(2 x 1)(2 x 1) dx

14.

2
(3x 2) dx

15.

x(3x 2) dx

[ 25 ]
[38]

Integration

[0]

 (ax b)

3.2.1 Definite Integral of the form

E
X
A
M
P
L
E

dx, n 1

(3x 2)5
(3
x

2)
dx

0
5.3 0
1

Y
o
u

=
=
=

(3 x 2)5

15 0
5

3
2
1 (2 x 1)2 dx 1 3(2 x 1) dx
=

T
r
y
!

5
2

15 15

206.2

[1]

1.

2.

2
(2 x 3) dx

10

( x 3)

dx

[ 16 1 ]
3

3.

[5]

4.

3
16(2 4 x) dx

6( x 2)

dx

[5]
12

[1280]

5.

6.

6
1 (2 x 1)2 dx

24

(3x 5)

dx

[2]

Integration

[3.75]

UNIT 3.2.3 Applications of Definite Integral (I)

3

Given that

f ( x)dx 4 ,

1.

g ( x)dx

6 . Find the value of .....

2.

f ( x)dx =

f ( x ) dx =

-4

3.

4.

5 f ( x) dx

f ( x) 4 dx

20

5.

4 f ( x) 2 x dx

-4

6.

3 f ( x) 1
=
dx
2

1
3

8
7.

3 f ( x) 2 g ( x) dx

5
8.

9.

6 f ( x) g ( x) dx

2 g ( x) 2 f ( x) dx

14
10
.

2 f ( x) 2 g ( x) 1 dx

6
Integration

16

10

UNIT 3.2.3 Applications of Definite Integral (II)

1.

2.

(2 x 3)dx 6 , where k > -1, find

Given that

Given that

(2 x 1)dx 12 , where k > 0, find the

0

value of k.

the value of k. (SPM 2004, P1, Q 22)

k=4

3.

4.

(3 4 x)dx 20 , where k > 0, find

Given that

Given that

(6 x 1)dx

the value of k.

the value of k.

= 14 , where k > 0, find

4
5.
Given that

6.

f ( x) 7 and 2 f ( x) kx 10 ,

find the value of k.

Given that

f ( x) 5

and

[SPM 05, P1,Q21]

3 f ( x) kx 23 , find the value of k.

1

5.

Given that

f ( x) 6
2

and

f ( x) kx 10 ,

2
6.

Given that

f ( x) 3

and

find the value of k.

kf ( x) 6 x 39 , find the value of k.

[k=-2]

8
21

Integration

11

-2

Questions based on SPM Format (I)

1.

3 x2
1 x 2 dx .
2

Find the value of

Find the value of

x(4 x) dx .
0

3.

Find the value of

5dx

(1 2 x)

9
4

Find the value of

15

(3x 2)

dx .

4.5

2
5.

(2 2 x)dx 16 , where k > 0,

Given that

6.

Given that

(4 x 1)dx 6 , where k > 0, find the

0

value of k.

find the value of k.

k=2

k=5

7.

f ( x) 15 and 0 2 f ( x) kx 6 ,
4

Given that

8.
Given that

f ( x) 10
1

and

3 f ( x) kx 0 ,
1

find the value of k.

find the value of k.

k =4

k =3

Integration

12

SPM FORMAT QUESTIONS (II)

1.

(SPM 06, P1,Q21)

2.

Given that

Given that

g ( x)dx 8 , find

g ( x)dx 10 , find
1

(a) the value of

g ( x)dx,

(a) the value of

2 g ( x)dx,
4

(b) the value of k if

kx g ( x) dx = 10.

(b) the value of k if

(b) 3
2

(a) -8
3.

(a) -20

Given that

g ( x)dx 5 , find the value of p if

4.

(b) k = 10
4

Given that

g ( x)dx 9 , find the value of p if

1

2 px 3g ( x) dx =

k 2 g ( x) dx = 50.

kx 3 g ( x) dx = 48.

3.

p=2
5.

dy
Given
= 4x + 2 and y = 10 when x = 1,
dx

k = 10

6.

find y in terms of x.

dy
Given
= 1 2x + 3x2 and y = 3 when x = 1,
dx
find y in terms of x.

y = 2x2 +2x + 10

7.

The gradient function of a curve which passes

through P(1, 3) is 8x 3x2. Find the equation of
the curve.

y = x x2 + x3 + 2

8.

Q(-1, 4) is

y = 8x 3x2

Integration

The gradient function of a curve which passes through

2x

1
. Find the equation of the curve.
x2

y x2

13

1
4
x

SPM FORMAT QUESTIONS (III)

1.

(SPM 06, P1,Q20)

2.

Diagram 8 shows the curve y = f(x) cutting the

x-axis at x = a and x = b.

Diagram 9 shows the curve y = f(x) cutting the

x-axis at x = a and x = b.
y

y = g(x)

y
y = f(x)

Diagram 9
Diagram 8

Given that the area of the shaded region is 6 unit2, find

Given that the area of the shaded region is 5 unit ,

3g ( x)dx .

the value of

find the value of

2 f ( x)dx .

3.

Answer : ......................
Diagram 10 shows part of the curve y = f(x).

4.

Answer : ..........................
Diagram 11 shows part of the curve y = f(x).

6
y = f(x)

Diagram 10

Diagram 11

y = f(x)

Given that the area of the shaded region is 40 unit2,

Given that

f ( x)dx =

15 unit , find the area of

find the value of

the shaded region.

5.

(SPM 01)

Answer : ......................
Diagram 12 shows the sketch of part of

6.

Answer : ......................
Diagram 13 shows the sketch of part of a curve.

a curve.

y
10

(4, 8)

Diagram 13

(6, 2)

Diagram 12

2
x

(a) Shade, on the given diagram, the region represented

(a) Shade, on the given diagram, the region

10

by

represented by

f ( x)dx .

x dy .

2
10

(b) Find the value of

(b) If

y dx x dy
0

x dy .
x dy

= p , find , in terms of p, the value of

y dx

Answer : (b) ......................

Answer : (b) ......................

Integration

14

SPM FORMAT QUESTIONS (IV)

1.

(SPM03)

2.
Given that

5
Given that
dx = k(1+ x)n + c ,
4
(1 x)
find the value of k and n.

12

(3x 2)

the value of k and n.

(SPM 02)

Given that

dx = k(3x 2 )n + c , find

[3 marks]

[ k 5 , n 3 ]
3.

4x 3

dy
6 , express y
dx

k = -2 , n = -2
4.
Given that

8x 2

dy
5 , express y in terms of x.
dx

in terms of x.

y 2x

5.

2 2
x c
3

d2y
5x4 1 ,
2
dx
dy
when x = 1, y = 3 and
= 2 , find y in
dx
(SPM 1999)

y 2 x2

6.

Given that

d2y
2 6x ,
dx 2
dy
when x = 1 , y = 3 and
= 1 , find y in terms
dx
Given that

terms of x.

of x.

Integration

5
xc
2

1 6 1 2
1
x x 4x
6
2
3

y x2 x3 4 x 5

15

7.

(SPM 2002)

Given that

16 x

10kx k

8.

Given that

4
dx . Find the
3

3x

10kx 4 dx 0 . Find the value

of k.

possible values of k.

k = -1 , -4

9.

d x

g ( x) , find
dx x 1
2

(SPM 01)

Given that

k = -1
10
Given that
3

4x

the value of

2 x g ( x) dx .

d x

f ( x) , find the value of

dx x 1
f ( x) dx .

9
2

11.
Given that

d x 1

h( x) , find the value

dx x 2

13

12
Given that

of

1
2

d 12

w( x) , find the value of

dx ( x 1)3

6 4h( x) dx .

6 w( x) 3dx .

[4]

Integration

[ 66]

16