im A narrative ‘a What is a narrative? ‘narrative i an anecdote of SION. U ‘eoginary, I usually describes 2 Series funny of problematic event. boreal or tenn the past cold ua le anes a une Structure Paragraph 1_| Introduction Introduce time, Paragraph 2 | Main events Describe the main events. place, characters and background. Paragraph 3 | Ending ‘Say what happened in the end. Content + Use past tenses. ‘© Use time and sequencing expressions. ‘© Link sentences with time words. «Make the beginning of your story interesting. You can start with ‘a short sentence, an unusual sentence, a question, et. ives and adverbs, and write about your feelings. # Use intensifiers. ‘= Divide your story into clear paragraphs. ‘= Give a definite ending to your story. Useful language > Useful Linkers, page 95 Narrative tenses Narratives are usually set in the past. Use a range of past tenses to organize your ideas. For example: Past simple —» Iwas in the bank yeoterday morning . Past continuous —> [wae waiting inthe queue when .. Past perlect —e Therobbers had justarrived when . Present pertect — Ihave never been oo frightened in my itl used to —» Iused to think banks were boring places... Time expressions Expressions with perfect tenses already * ever * for ® just * never * since * yet Main sequence First, .. © Then... © Ned... © Finally... Inthe end, .. © Last of all, . Before and after Before (+ past siinple / past perfect) Alter (+ past simple / past perfect) Earlier (on), ‘Nierwards, : ‘Aller that, .. After a whi Later (on),‘simultaneous events As (+ past simple / past continuous) unio (+ erst simple / past continuous) when (+ past simple / past perfect simple) ‘as soon as (+ past simple / past perfect simple) Varying vocabulary averbs amazingly. acjectives amazed * angry * anxious * cold * confused * delighted * dry * excited * exhausted + freezing * glad + grateful * guilty + happy » hot * hungry * tonely * miserable * nervous + pleased + proud » relieved * sad © scared * shocked © surprised * terrified * tired * upset * warm * worried * wet Fortunately, + incredibly, * Lucky, + Suddenly, © Unfortunatly, More useful expressions {Ihave never been so happy / frightened / relieved / excited in my whole ie! Itwas the happiest / most frightening / most exciting moment of my life! Tahays remember ... / Tl never forget. One of my happiest / worst memories Iwas the best / worst day of my life. Never again! Task My first camping trip | TH Use time and sequencing expressions ‘Last summer 1 Went camping in the south of Spain with some friends. | adiniever been) camping before, so BE Use a variety of past tenses I veas FRAIIy ReFVOUS. On the fist day, we SRESETINE . TH Use intensifiers ‘on asmall campsite when disaster Stick! Describe people's feelings Everyone was tiféd and hungry because we had had more interesting abusy day. Siiddenl, it started to rain hard, and we W Describe people's feelings after the | | | ‘We WEF iting in our tent at about eight olock. | oe magureinn | | | |__ event ‘Heard thunder. Atfirst, I thought we were safe, but ‘GheflI saw the water coming in. The camp site was flooding! By the time we fealized what ‘was happening, the water Badlalréay got inside our tent! Some people but we couldn't save our bags, and we “IRGHEEAA i stopped raining, although our tents were bout IEEE ae ty