Rank Key 3-grams

1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
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18
19
20
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22
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27
28
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30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

THE ACQUISITION OF
OF GOING TO
THE Y U
GOING TO WRITE
L2 SENTENCE PROCESSING
PALLIER ET AL
THE SYNTAX OF
Y U AND
A MAIN EFFECT
OF THE VERB
CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS
U AND
LEARNERS OF FRENCH
THE SUMMARY TASK
THE EMBEDDED CLAUSE
THE DIMINUTIVE SUFFIX
Y U CONTRAST
IN EMBEDDED CLAUSES
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT
IN THE FOREGROUND
THE INTERPRETATION OF
MAIN EFFECT OF
DARCY ET AL
OF TEMPORAL EXPRESSION
OF MOTION EVENTS
OF THE ACQUISITION
THE CONTEMPORARY LANGUAGE
F 1 270
DISCONTINUOUS COMBIEN INTERROGATIVES
THE TEST CONDITION
IN SAME-OBJECT CONTEXTS
LEXICAL ENCODING OF
OF L2 ATTRITION
THE ABX TASK
LEARNERS BENEFIT FROM
THE STEM OF
USE OF GOING
AND IMPLICIT FEEDBACK
THE REPETITION CONDITION
FOR Y U
F11
DOUBLE OBJECT CONSTRUCTION
COMMUNICATION MODE AND
THE SECOND CLAUSE
MARINIS ET AL
MEAN EFFECT SIZE
THE INCOMPLETE OUTLINE
THE EXPLICIT CORRECTION
IN COMMON ANSWER
THE RTW TASK

Keyness Frequency
275
248
232
214
211
203
194
190
188
180
173
165
159
152
152
144
144
144
143
139
133
133
127
127
120
119
118
118
118
118
114
114
114
114
114
114
111
110
110
110
110
110
110
106
106
106
106
106
106
106

216
82
55
56
50
48
63
45
79
123
41
39
76
36
47
34
34
34
61
41
99
102
30
30
37
46
28
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
31
26
26
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25

51
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85
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87
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89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102

TO WHICH LEARNERS
DIRECT THEME SIGN
THE L1 GRAMMAR
THE DIRECT THEME
OF ACADEMIC LISTENING
ACADEMIC LISTENING COMPREHENSION
THE SAME OBJECT
IN DIFFERENT-OBJECT CONTEXTS
OF TENSE-ASPECT MORPHOLOGY
THE ADVANCED LEARNERS
OF VERBAL MORPHOLOGY
THE DIRECT OBJECT
THE PROCESSING OF
OF COMMUNICATION MODE
AS DIRECT OBJECT
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
WHICH LEARNERS BENEFIT
THE DOUBLE OBJECT
THE RAISED NP
INCOMPLETE OUTLINE TASK
THE INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS
THE TREATMENT TASKS
SALIENCE F 1
FRONT ROUNDED VOWELS
AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY
CUTLER ET AL
FOR THE Y
DISCONTINUOUS ANSWERS IN
DIFFERENT RESPONSE FORMATS
NORRIS AND ORTEGAS
AM GOING TO
I AM GOING
OF THE STEM
HE OR SHE
SAMPLE TEST ITEM
TARGET STRUCTURE SALIENCE
SYNTAX OF MOTION
WEBER AND CUTLER
SHALLOW STRUCTURE HYPOTHESIS
BOTH LEARNER GROUPS
OF SIMPLE PAST
THE VERB IN
THE IN COMMON
DIETRICH ET AL
THE MINIMAL PAIR
ON THE OP
F21
2 1 19
ON THE Y
THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS
RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF
IN THE BACKGROUND

105
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
100
100
99
99
97
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97
97
97
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93
93
93
93
93
92
92
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
87
85
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
82
82
81

41
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
36
35
35
49
70
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
32
32
32
71
21
21
21
21
21
21
40
35
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
28
28
35

103
104
105
106
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109
110
111
112
113
114
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118
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120
121
122
123
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127
128
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133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154

ON THE COMPLEMENTIZER
IN L2 SENTENCE
IN THIS CONSTRUCTION
EACH TARGET STRUCTURE
IN COMMON ANSWERS
THE CONTRAST
PIED PIPING IN
THE SECONDARY OBJECT
TO DISCONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVES
LEVY AND STRANGE
ADULT L2 ACQUISITION
USE OF PAST
ENGLISH CONTROL GROUP
TSUKADA ET AL
OF CLITIC PLACEMENT
IN LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS
TRANSFER FULL ACCESS
OF FEEDBACK TYPE
SPEC OF COMP
ANSWERS TO CONTINUOUS
LANGUAGE SOCIALIZATION RESEARCH
AND DISCONTINUOUS ANSWERS
SCHWARTZ AND SPROUSE
ON FIRST PASS
ON THE CONTROL
FULL TRANSFER FULL
IN ENGLISH FRENCH
IN L2 ACQUISITION
LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
DISCONTINUOUS CARDINALITY INTERROGATIVES
DISTRIBUTION OF VERBAL
AND COMMUNICATION MODE
THE TONIC ACCENT
A LEXICAL CONTRAST
AND IMPLICIT CONDITIONS
CARDINALITY INTERROGATIVES IN
BARDOVI-HARLIG BERGSTRO M
CLAHSEN AND FELSER
WIDE SCOPE ANSWERS
READING TIMES ON
BERGSTRO M 1996
YES AND NO
THE DISTRIBUTIVE ANSWER
OF CARDINALITY INTERROGATIVES
THE SHALLOW STRUCTURE
EASTERN ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGE
IN THE SYNTAX
THE EXAMPLES IN
OF THE TYPE
OBJECT OF THE
IN MAIN CLAUSES
THE EXPLICIT AND

80
80
80
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80
80
80
79
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72
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72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
71
70
70
69
69
68

19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
24
40
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
22
33
91
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
21
39
55
32
23
22

155
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186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206

OF THE INTERROGATIVE
ANSWERS TO DISCONTINUOUS
DEKYDTSPOTTER ET AL
THE L1 PHONOLOGICAL
THE PERFORMANCE THEORY
THE EXPLICIT CONDITION
IN THE C-DOMAIN
IN THE LOCATIVE
A RTW TASK
IN THE MINIMAL
COMMUNICATION MODE F
OF INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS
ANSWERS IN SAME-OBJECT
THE OP TEST
AND NO RESPONSES
ACCEPTANCE RATES FOR
MODE F 1
MINIMAL PAIR CONDITION
THE RECOG TEST
OF WESTERN ABENAKI
IN RELATIVE CLAUSES
THE RECAST GROUP
OF UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
CONDITION F 1
OF THE L1
THE TARGET STRUCTURES
AT THE LEXICAL
IN THE EMBEDDED
HAYES-HARB AND MASUDA
T 2 19
LARGE MEAN EFFECT
THE PLACE CONDITION
DIRECT OBJECT IN
OF THE OBJURGATIVE
FEEDBACK TYPES THAT
LEARNER PERFORMANCE ON
TYPES A AND
AT CLAUSE EDGE
BERGSTRO M 1995
TO CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVES
GIBSON AND WARREN
THE LEARNERS UTTERANCE
FUTURE TIME REFERENCE
THE DOMINANT CATEGORY
INDEPENDENT READING AND
THE WRITTEN NARRATIVES
A DISCONTINUOUS NP
ANAPHORS AND PRONOUNS
THE INTERMEDIATE GROUP
THE LEXICAL DECISION
THE MATRIX CLAUSE
IN THE ACQUISITION

68
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63
63
63
63
63
63
61

21
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
27
45
26
26
19
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
35
24
44

207
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209
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214
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247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258

OF A VERB
EXPOSURE TO FRENCH
P01
IN THIS DOMAIN
THE ASPECT HYPOTHESIS
OF POSITIVE EVIDENCE
IN SECOND POSITION
THREE DIFFERENT RESPONSE
OF TAG QUESTIONS
FOR VOICING ASSIMILATION
EFFECT SIZE G
AND ITS COMPLEMENT
YILMAZ AND YUKSEL
INVERSION IN EMBEDDED
KOREAN SUNDAY SCHOOL
CONTINUOUS COMBIEN INTERROGATIVES
THE COMITATIVE CONSTRUCTION
THE SPEECH TIME
P 0001 F2
DISTRIBUTION OF TENSE-ASPECT
ACQUISITION OF TEMPORAL
THE THEME SIGN
AND WARREN 2004
IN ADVANCED LEARNERS
TEST TAKERS PERFORMANCE
OF A DISCONTINUOUS
THE OP AND
UNDER THE EXPLICIT
EXPLICIT CORRECTION IS
OF FIRST EXPOSURE
QUI DE CLBRE
USES OF GOING
AND MASUDA 2008
VOICING AND DEVOICING
GROPEN ET AL
AND STRANGE 2008
FOR YES AND
VERBS SUCH AS
USE OF SIMPLE
OF ARGUMENT STRUCTURE
MORE EFFECTIVE THAN
THE EXPRESSION OF
THE ORDER OF
OF THE RC
THE IMPLICIT CONDITION
OF THE INTERPRETATION
INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS WERE
EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLICIT
LEARNERS LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS
JOHN LEARNED FRENCH
INTERACTION OF POSITION
INCOMPLETE OUTLINE TASKS

60
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59
58
57
57
57
56
56
56
56
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

31
22
25
28
46
18
18
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
33
29
19
39
52
68
17
17
20
13
13
13
13
13
13

259
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261
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290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310

DITTMAR AND TERBORG

DISCONTINUOUS ANSWERS WITH
INITIAL STATE OF
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
OF DISCONTINUOUS NPS
COMMUNICATION MODE THROUGH
OF THE RESTRICTION
OF PREPOSITION STRANDING
NO EXPOSURE TO
MALISEET-PASSAMAQUODDY AND PENOBSCOT
MAJOR IDEAS AND
MODE THROUGH WHICH
MIXED FEEDBACK TREATMENT
RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT
THE SENTENCE PROCESSOR
SCMC SCORES WERE
ROUNDED VOWEL CONTRASTS
HIGHER THAN F2FC
PAST IN THE
THE VIABLE CONDITION
THEME SIGN A
AND EMBEDDED CLAUSES
AND CUTLER 2004
THAT THE STRIATUM
THAN F2FC SCORES
ALL P 0
EXPRESSION OF FUTURE
THE INFLECTION OF
THE LEXICAL REPRESENTATION
F1 1 14
FOR INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS
OF APPROPRIATE USE
ANDERSEN AND SHIRAI
IN INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATICS
THE DERIVATION OF
THE DISTRIBUTION OF
THE COMPUTATION OF
BARDOVI-HARLIG REYNOLDS 1995
THE DISCOURSE HYPOTHESIS
IN THE MATRIX
THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF
AN INTERACTION OF
P 001 D
ARE GIVEN IN
ON THE VERB
IN THE CONTEMPORARY
NO RESPONSES TO
FEEDBACK TYPE F
AND INCOMPLETE OUTLINE
THE FEATURE SYSTEM
THE HOST ENVIRONMENT
CONSONANT OF THE

55
55
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55
55
55
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55
54
54
54
54
54
54
53
52
52
52
52
52
52
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
19
19
19
19
81
22
18
17
17
16
16
16
53
20
20
12
12
12
12
12
12

311
312
313
314
315
316
317
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319
320
321
322
323
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327
328
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335
336
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338
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341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362

FEEDBACK TYPE AND

AND ROBERTS 2007
THE B'3 REPRESENTATION
THE ALLOMORPHS OF
OF CONTINUOUS AND
GRAMMATICAL AND PRAGMATIC
COMPREHENSION OF CARDINALITY
AND RECOG TESTS
THE COMP TEST
IN NORRIS AND
THE REGRESSION HYPOTHESIS
THE RESPONSE PATTERN
THE RC WITH
DEKYDTSPOTTER AND SPROUSE
L1-CHINESE L2-ENGLISH LEARNERS
A WEAK VOWEL
IN THE OPEN-ENDED
TIME EVALUATION OF
A DIFFERENT OBJECT
THE UNIVERSAL QUANTIFIER
EFFECTIVE THAN RECASTS
F2 1 29
MALISEET AND PASSAMAQUODDY
THE LEXICAL CODING
AN INTERMEDIATE TRACE
IN SAMPLE TEST
THE INTERROGATIVE IN
MAIN AND MAJOR
THE NEW CATEGORY
THE OPEN-ENDED TASK
FIRST SYLLABLE OF
FELSER AND ROBERTS
LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR
OLD VS NEW
AND YUKSEL 2011
OF LANGUAGE REVITALIZATION
AND WRITING SCORES
OF L2 PHONOLOGICAL
OF PHONETIC CATEGORIES
RATES OF ACCURACY
OF THE ANCHOR
OF THE PARSE
BEFORE AN OBSTRUENT
HIM OR HER'
EXPLICIT CORRECTION GROUP
ON THE RECOG
AT THE EDGE
AND SUPPORTING DETAILS
OP AND RECOG
THE IMMEDIATE POSTTEST
OF THE EMBEDDED
ACQUISITION OF THE

51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
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51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
50

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
26
18
42

363
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381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414

IN THE DICTOGLOSS
LEXICAL ASPECTUAL CLASS
THE SEGMENTS OF
THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE
SUBJECT AND OBJECT
THE VERB OF
OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
NATIVE SPEAKER GROUP
EFFECTIVENESS OF FEEDBACK
EFFECTIVENESS OF RECASTS
USE OF TENSE-ASPECT
ENGLISH LEARNERS OF
IN WHICH THE
OF THE RTW
ITEM A VS
THE SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION
FULL ACCESS MODEL
SPEECH TIME ANSWERS
THE PERCEPTION TASK
THE PLURAL TASK
L1-ENGLISH L2-FRENCH LEARNERS
THE RAW PERCEPTS
THE RELATIVE ORDER
HIGH INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS
THE PRESENT META-ANALYSIS
A SECONDARY OBJECT
ENGLISH TO KOREAN
IN THE LIMITS
BEFORE A CONSONANT
FOR THE LOCATIVE
TWO FEEDBACK TYPES
OVERLAP IN REFERENCE
IN PHRASAL CONTEXTS
ON TYPES A
ONO AND WITZEL
WH INVERSION IN
IN SECTION III
RELATIVE ORDER OF
INSTANTIATED IN THE
EUBANK ET AL
FRENCH LEARNERS OF
A LARGE MEAN
THE VERB WORD
IN THE VIABLE
TO STRONG STATUS
PROBE F 1
A DISCONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE
IN WESTERN ABENAKI
SPROUSE 1994 1996
OF RC LENGTH
OF ANAPHORA TYPE
AND CONDITION F

50
49
49
49
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48
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47
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46
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46
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46
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46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46

19
16
16
16
23
18
18
15
15
15
15
22
181
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11

415
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446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466

ANSWERS IN DIFFERENT-OBJECT
OF ADVERBS OF
ANTECEDENT F 1
THE CONCEPT-ORIENTED APPROACH
HASBU N 1995
OF REDUCED INPUT
OF SALIENCE OF
CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE FORMATS
THE ENGLISH CONTROL
OF LINGUISTIC DEVICES
ENGLISH IN INDIA
NP1 NP2 RC
GROUND AS DIRECT
ENCODING OF A
COMPENSATION FOR ASSIMILATION
THE EASTERN ALGONQUIAN
AND LEXICAL STATUS
STANDARD DEVIATION UNIT
THAT EXPLICIT CORRECTION
THE NATIVE FRENCH
IDEAS AND SUPPORTING
THE CARDINALITY OF
THE ORAL NARRATIVES
OF FEEDBACK TYPES
OF THE DISCONTINUOUS
THE OBJURGATIVE ELEMENT
THE OLD CATEGORY
MAIN AND EMBEDDED
ENGLISH FRENCH INTERLANGUAGE
EXPLICIT CORRECTION AND
AN EASTERN ALGONQUIAN
LOW MID INTERMEDIATE
CORRECTION IS MORE
THE LOCATIVE TASK
STEM OF THE
LOEWEN NABEI 2007
ON THE INTERPRETATION
THE FIRST CLAUSE
UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR UG
LEARNERS WERE ASKED
HIGHER THAN THE
OF EACH TASK
POVERTY OF THE
THEIR MEAN AGE
SALIENCE OF THE
IN THE INPUT
OF TASK TYPE
OF EXPLICIT AND
L2 ACQUISITION OF
THE INDIRECT OBJECT
LEARNERS AND NATIVE
AS SHOWN IN

46
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44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44

11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
18
18
16
23
30
15
15
15
23
44
18
18
22
21
21
112

467
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477
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481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500

FOR EACH TARGET

OF THE SYNTAX
OF L2 ACQUISITION
IN THEMATIC POSITION
THE INITIAL STATE
IN EACH CONDITION
FEEDBACK TYPE COMMUNICATION
FROM IMMEDIATE TO
GOING TO TO
FOR THE RECOG
FOR THE
IMMEDIATE TO DELAYED
FOR COMMUNICATION MODE
III TESTS OF
THE PICTURES THAT
THE PLURAL WAS
THE PARSING TASK
THE PAST TIME
THE RC WAS
THE SURFACE ORDER
THE SYNTACTICALLY EXPRESSED
THE REPRESENTATIONS IN
THE SCMC TASK
THE CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE
THE DISCONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE
THAN IMPLICIT INSTRUCTION
THE ACQUISITIONAL SEQUENCE
THE F2FC TASK
THE LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS
THE MARKEDNESS HYPOTHESIS
THE HOLISM EFFECT
THE LAST CONSONANT
WHEN THE RC
WHICH THE RC

43
43
43
43
43
43
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42

16
16
31
17
17
22
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10