: .

: 3224
:
: ,
: 3/12/14
:10/12/14
:


.

' .
Van
der Waals .

,
. , ,



(
,
).
.

, F
l
, dW
dS, :
= F/I = dW/dS

(dyn/cm N/m) erg/cm2.
,
, (
), .


.


.



,


, ,

.
().
()
-OH
CH3CH2CH2-
. CH3CH2CH2OH

-
.

) ,
.


-
.(
).

GIBBS:
= -d/
:
= - 1/RT x d/dlnC (1)

Avogadro, NA,
1 cm2 , NA. To
, , :
= (1/) cm2 A=(1016/) 2 (2)

 , ,
: (-) =
= +/ (3) =/ / (4)

.
.
.


.

.

du Nouy .
du Nouy
.
, ,
.

( = F/l)

:
1) 4 10 ml
1.
2)
3) .
.
4)
<<>>
5)

.

6)

.
7)
N/ m
/ .
8) 5-7
,

.

/
C (M)
lnC
(/m)
2
0.0735
1
1.31
0.270
0.0465
2
2.35
0.854
0.0410
3
3.66
1.297
0.0340
4
4.58
1.522
0.0315

, d= 0.786 g/ml, , Mr = 60.1
g/mol.
, 1
a) d=m/V m = d x V = 0.786 g/ml x 1 ml = 0.786 g
b) n = m/Mr = 0.786g / 60.1 g/mol = 13.1 mmol
c) C = n/V = 13.1 mmol / 10 ml = 1.31 mol/L =1.31 M

1: ,
, /,
.
/
1
2
3
4

V(ml)
1
1.8
2.8
3.5

VH2O (ml)
9
8.2
7.2
6.5

V (ml)
10
10
10
10

C (M)
1.31
2.35
3.66
4.58

2: ,
,
.

 1: lnc

) 1
y = A +B1x +B2x2
) x : dy/dx = B1 + 2 B2 x
) y = , x = lnc, B1 = -0.006 2 = -0.003
d/dlnC = -0.006 -0.006lnC.
) lnC. . lnC1 = ln(1.31) = 0.270
E) B d/dlnC lnC

. : 1) d/dlnC1 = -0.006 -0.006 lnC1 = -0.006 -0.006 x 0.270 =

-0.00762
Z) (1)
d/dlnC
.. 1 = -1/RT x d/dlnC1 = -3.638 x 10
0.00762 N/m)

-4

mol/(N x m) x (-

1 = 2.772 x 10-10 mol/cm2

)
, , (2)
. : 1 = 1016/(2.772 x 10-10 mol 2 x 6.023 x 1023 mol-1)
A1 = 59.90 2
Z) 1/
(4)
.: 1/1 = 1/(/ /) = 1/(0.0735 0.0465) m/N
1/1 = 37.04 m/N
3: lnC, d/dlnC,
,
, 1/.

a/
a
1
2
3
4

lnC
0.270
0.854
1.297
1.522

d/dlnC
(N/m)
-0.00762
-0.01112
-0.01278
-0.01513

(mol/cm2)
2.772
4.045
4.649
5.504

x
x
x
x

10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10

A (2)

1/ (m/N)

59.90
41.05
35.71
30.17

37.04
30.77
25.32
23.81

2: 1/

 y
= 10.90105 + 0.97982 x.
(2) :
= + kT/ = 10.90105 + 0.97982 (1/)
,
:
= 10.9 2

1) ( 1 4)
2 ,
.

2)

)

.
)
.

)
,

.
) ,
.
)
) .
) 298.15

)

.
3)
.
4)
Pt .
5)
:

G. R. Somayajulu, Int. J. Thermophys. 9, 559 (1988)

, .
, , 1998, . 11.
Experiments in Physics Chemistry, D. P. Shoemaker, C. W.
Garland, J. W. Nibler, Mc
Graw Hill, 1989.4. Experimental Physical Chemisrty, F. A.
Bettelheim, W.B. Saunders Company, 1971
Experimental Physics Chemistry, F. Daniels, J. W. Williams, P.
Bender, R. A. Alberty, C.D. Cornwell, and J. E. Harriman, Mc
Graw Hill Kogakusha Ltd, 1970.
Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, A. W. Adamson, J. Wiley &
Sons, 1990.
du Noy, Pierre Lecomte (1925). "An Interfacial Tensiometer
for Universal Use". The Journal of General Physiology 7 (5):
625633. doi:10.1085/jgp.7.5.625.
Hans-Jrgen; Graf, Karlheinz; Kappl, Michael (2003). "Physics
and Chemistry of Interfaces". pp. 1415.
..-..,
V, 2011 ,.54-61

, ., 1998. 508509