Earthwork

y Clearingandgrubbing
Clearing and grubbing
y Thefirstoperationtobeundertakeninroadprojects.
y Definition:theremovaloftrees,stumps,roots,down
timber,rottenwood,rubbishandotherobjectionable
materialsformanareamarkedontheplans.
y
y

Clearingreferstotheremovalofmaterialsaboveexisting
ground surface and
groundsurface,and
Grubbingmeanstheremovalofroots,stumpsandsimilar
objectstoanominaldepthbelowthesurface.

y Clearingandgrubbingconstituteasinglecontactitem

thatincludestheremovaloftopsoiltoashallowdepth.

Earthwork
y Excavation:theprocessoflooseningandremovingearthor

rockfromitsoriginalpositioninacutandtransportingit
kf
i
i i l
ii i
d
i i
toafillsectionortoawastedeposit.

y RoadwayandDrainageExcavation.
y theexcavationandgradingoftheroadwayandditches,includingthe
removalanddisposalofallexcavatedmaterialandallworkneeded
fortheconstructionandcompletionofthecuts,embankments,
slopes,ditches,approaches,intersectionsandsimilarportionsofthe
work.
y Excavationforstructures.
y theexcavationofmaterialinordertopermittheconstructionofpipe
culverts,concreteboxculverts,foundationsforbridges,retaining
walls,andpracticallyallotherstructuresthatmayberequiredina
particularjob.