S THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG THA THIN HU

TRUNG TM THNG TIN D LIU IN T

--- ---

HNG DN
K THUT CHUYN I D LIU
CAD SANG C S D LIU GIS

Hu, 11/2013

MC LC
1. GII THIU ...........................................................................................................2
1.1. Hin trng ng dng CAD ti cc n v ......................................................2
1.2. nh dng CSDL GISHue ...............................................................................3
1.3. S khc nhau gia CAD v GIS .....................................................................3
2. QUY TRNH CHUYN I ................................................................................6
2.1. Chun b ............................................................................................................6
2.1.1. Nhng nh dng d liu CAD c h tr trong ArcGIS .....................6
2.1.2. Xem thng tin d liu CAD trong ArcCatalog..........................................7
2.1.3. Hin th d liu CAD trong ArcMap ........................................................9
2.2. Nn chnh ta d liu CAD ......................................................................12
2.2.1. ng k thng tin h ta cho d liu CAD ........................................12
2.2.2. Nn chnh ta d liu CAD ................................................................15
2.3. Chn lc v chuyn i d liu .....................................................................19
2.3.1. Gii thiu ..................................................................................................19
2.3.2. To Geodatabase cha cc lp d liu GIS chuyn i ....................22
2.3.3. Chn lc d liu trong ArcMap ...............................................................22
2.3.4. Chn lc v chuyn i d liu trong ArcCatalog .................................23
2.3.5. Chuyn i d liu kiu Annotation (Text) ............................................25
2.4. Kim tra v chun ha d liu......................................................................26
2.4.1. Loi b nhng thuc tnh d tha ..........................................................27
2.4.2. B sung nhng trng thuc tnh cn thit ...........................................27
2.4.3. Chuyn i d liu t Polyline sang Polygon .........................................29
2.4.4. Chuyn i d liu thnh kiu Point ......................................................30
2.4.5. Kt hp nhiu lp d liu thnh mt lp ................................................32
2.4.6. Lin kt thuc tnh da trn v tr khng gian ........................................33
2.4.7. Lin kt thuc tnh da trn gi tr thuc tnh .......................................36
2.4.8. Hp nht i tng da theo gi tr thuc tnh .....................................38
2.4.9. Kim tra Topology d liu .......................................................................40
2.4.10. Chuyn i d liu sang file CAD .......................................................49
3. KT LUN ............................................................................................................50

1.

GII THIU

Bn cnh h thng CSDL GIS nn v chuyn ngnh c u t v pht

trin t d n GISHue, vn cn tn ti mt ngun d liu CAD rt phong ph
ang c ng dng ti cc n v trn a bn Tnh Tha Thin Hu. Do c
th ngnh nn mt s n v vn gn lin vi nhng phn mm dng CAD
(AutoCAD, MicroStation) trong qun l ti n v, chng hn nh S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng (bn s dng t, bn a chnh), S Xy dng
(bn quy hoch), phng TNMT ti cc UBND huyn, th x. Nhng d liu
ny hin ang c cc n v cp nht v pht trin lin tc v nu tch hp
c ngun d liu ny vo h thng CSDL GISHue s lm tng gi tr ca
CSDL GISHue ng thi cng gp phn thc y nhu cu ng dng GIS ti cc
n v. Tuy nhin, do d liu CAD cha phi l GIS hon ton cng nh cch
thc ng dng d liu CAD v d liu GIS c s khc nhau v trc y cng
cha c cc quy chun nhng d liu ny khi xy dng phi tng thch vi
kh nng tch hp v chuyn i sang CSDL GISHue, do trong qu trnh
chuyn i v ng dng GIS ang gp kh khn. Mt s n v hin ti vn
ang s dng song song c 2 loi d liu CAD v GIS trong qun l nh S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng. y l cn tr ln trong tham gia pht trin CSDL
GISHue v chia s d liu gia cc ngnh.
Xut pht t nhu cu ca cc n v, Trung tm Thng tin d liu in t
nghin cu xy dng ti liu ny nhm hng dn cc cn b k thut ti cc
n v c th s dng phn mm ArcGIS thc hin cc thao tc c bn
chuyn i ngun d liu CAD ang qun l sang CSDL GIS v c kh nng
tch hp vi h thng CSDL GISHue.
1.1. Hin trng ng dng CAD ti cc n v
Hin nay c kh nhiu phn mm CAD ang c s dng, t phn mm
min ph n phn mm thng mi. Tuy nhin, c 2 phn mm ang c s
dng thng dng nht trn a bn Tnh:
- AutoCAD: Thng c ng dng trong lnh vc xy dng nh S Xy
dng, Vin QHXD (thit k bn quy hoch); s dng cc nh dng file
DWG, DXF.
- MicroStation: Thng c ng dng trong lnh vc ti nguyn v mi
trng nh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, cc phng TNMT ti cc huyn, th
x (thnh lp bn s dng t, bn a chnh); s dng nh dng file
DGN.
2

Do c im ca d liu CAD, cc ngun d liu CAD ang c ng

dng ti cc n v thng dng khai thc bn l chnh, khng h tr
nhng kh nng nh m hnh ho, phn tch thng k khng gian. Chnh v vy,
cng tc qun l d liu CAD ti cc n v cng mc khc nhau. i vi
d liu s dng t v a chnh th c cc quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng, do cch t chc d liu tng i thng nht. Tuy nhin, i vi
d liu quy hoch th hin ti cha p dng theo mt chun chung thng nht
no, d liu thng c xy dng bi nhiu n v t vn khc nhau, mi n
v t vn t thc hin theo 1 phng php ring. Chnh v vy, iu ny gy
kh khn trong vic tch hp d liu vi nhau, cng nh tch hp vi CSDL
GISHue. Trong mt s trng hp, khi trin khai cm mc ngoi thc a theo
quy hoch c s sai lch vi cc tha t, gy rt nhiu kh khn, thm ch
khng th thc hin c. Ni cm nht hin nay l cc n quy hoch nng
thn mi ca cc x, quy hoch phn l bn u gi cc a phng u
vng mc khi trin khai.
s dng hiu qu ngun d liu ny i hi d liu cn c chun ho,
chuyn i v ti cu trc theo nh dng ca GIS. D liu GIS s mang li
nhiu li ch hn so vi vic khai thc theo kiu CAD truyn thng. Nhng
phn mm GIS thng dng hin nay (ArcGIS, MapInfo) u c kh nng c
thng tin t nhng nh dng CAD trn v cung cp cc cng c cho php
ngi dng chuyn i d liu t CAD sang nh dng m phn mm s
dng.
1.2. nh dng CSDL GISHue
H thng CSDL GISHue hin ti bao gm CSDL nn a hnh ton tnh
Tha Thin Hu v cc CSDL chuyn ngnh iu kin t nhin - Ti nguyn
mi trng, Quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi, Du lch, Giao thng, Thng tin
v Truyn thng. Nhng CSDL ny u c t chc lu tr v qun l da
trn nh dng Geodatabase ca hng ESRI. y l gii php thng mi c uy
tn v ph hp vi nhu cu qun l CSDL dng chung ca Tnh hin nay v n
h tr kh nng thit k cu trc cht ch, lu tr d liu ln, cho php lm vic
nhiu ngi dng, qun l c s thay i trn d liu Chnh v vy, ph
hp vi CSDL GISHue, cng c s dng chuyn i d liu CAD sang
CSDL GIS l phn mm ArcGIS.
1.3. S khc nhau gia CAD v GIS
Gia CAD v GIS c nhng s khc nhau c bn, chnh t to nn
quan nim s dng khc nhau vi nhng ngi dng CAD v ngi dng GIS.
3

S khc nhau v cch thc ng dng CAD v GIS:

- CAD: ng dng trong thit k, v s , thnh lp bn .
- GIS: xy dng CSDL, thnh lp bn , m hnh ho, phn tch khng
gian
S khc nhau v nguyn l thit k:
- CAD: quan nim i tng theo khng gian hnh khi (lp phng)

- GIS: quan nim i tng theo khng gian hnh cu (m hnh tri t)

Khc nhau v mc tiu:

4

- CAD: Thit k xy dng chi tit

- GIS: M hnh ho v biu din i tng trong th gii thc
Khc nhau v m hnh d liu
- D liu CAD: bao gm i tng hnh hc v phi hnh hc (text,
dimension). Cc i tng sau khi xy dng khng c s kt ni
vi nhau. D liu CAD cng chnh l bn (hoc s , bn v).
- D liu GIS: bao gm i tng khng gian v phi khng gian, i
tng khng gian c lin kt vi thng tin thuc tnh. D liu GIS i
hi tun theo nhng cu trc v d liu. Bn GIS khng phi l
CSDL GIS m ch l th hin ca CSDL GIS theo mt ch no .

2.

QUY TRNH CHUYN I

Cc bc chnh chuyn i d liu t CAD GIS
Chun b

Nn chnh to d liu CAD

Chn lc v chuyn i d liu

Kim tra v chun ho d liu

2.1. Chun b
2.1.1. Nhng nh dng d liu CAD c h tr trong ArcGIS
ArcGIS h tr kh nhiu nh dng d liu CAD tu theo phin bn phn
mm CAD s dng. Tuy nhin, nhng d liu ny ch c th xem (read only)
ch khng th thay i trc tip trn ArcGIS. c th thay i ni dung d
liu cn phi chuyn i sang nh dng GIS (shapefile, geodatabase)
AutoCAD

MicroStation

AutoCAD Release 12

MicroStation 95 (5.x)

AutoCAD Release 13

MicroStation SE (5.x)

AutoCAD Release 14

MicroStation /J (7.x)

AutoCAD 2000

MicroStation V8 (8.x)

AutoCAD 2002
AutoCAD 2004
AutoCAD 2005
AutoCAD 2006
AutoCAD 2007
AutoCAD 2008
6

2.1.2. Xem thng tin d liu CAD trong ArcCatalog

a. Xem trc ni dung file CAD
- Kch hot ng dng ArcCatalog.
- T ca s qun l cy th mc ca ArcCatalog, di chuyn n file CAD
cn xem.
- Kch vo file CAD v chn vo lp cn xem.

Lu :
- Khi xem d liu CAD trong ArcGIS, kt qu s c s khc bit v hnh
thc so vi xem trc tip trong phn mm CAD (AutoCAD, MicroStation).
ArcGIS s phn loi d liu da theo kiu khng gian ca i tng (Point,
Polyline, Polygon, Annotation, MultiPatch) ch khng phn loi theo
Layer/Level.
- Nhng thng tin qun l v cch thc hin th i tng c ArcGIS
qun l trong bng thuc tnh (Entity, Level, Layer, Color, Linetype, Fill).
b. Xem thng tin file CAD
- T ca s qun l cy th mc ca ArcCatalog, di chuyn n file CAD
cn xem.
- Kch phi chut vo file CAD v chn Properties.
- Chn cc th cn xem:
7

o General: thng tin v h to

o Coordinates: phm vi khng gian ca d liu

o Details: s lng i tng, cc layer/level trong file CAD v

trng thi (hin th/n)
8

2.1.3.

Hin th d liu CAD trong ArcMap

a. M d liu CAD trong ArcMap

- Kch hot ng dng ArcMap
- Kch vo nt lnh Add Data trn thanh cng c ca ArcMap

- hp thoi Add Data, di chuyn n file CAD cn lm vic

- Chn nhng layer cn thit v nhn Add
Lu :
Do trong file CAD khng lu li nhng thng tin qun l v h to ca
d liu CAD, v vy khi a d liu CAD vo trong ArcMap th s xut hin
cnh bo. phc v cho vic khai thc hiu qu d liu CAD th cn thc hin
thao tc ng k thng tin h to cho file CAD.
9

b. Thit lp hin th cho cc lp d liu CAD

- Kch phi chut vo lp d liu v chn Properties
- Chuyn sang th Symbology
- Chn cc tu chn hin th thch hp (mu sc, ng nt)
- Nhn OK
- Nu mun tr v cc thit lp hin th nh ban u, mc Categories,
chn CAD unique entity values, nhn nt lnh Restore Original

c. Thit lp hin th cho cc i tng kiu Text

- Kch phi chut vo lp d liu Annotation v chn Properties
- Chuyn sang th Fonts
10

- Chn mt kiu font trong danh sch

- Thay i cc thng s thch hp (font ch, mu sc, kiu dng). Hoc
chn Symbol c th thit lp c nhiu tu chn hn
- Nhn OK

d. n/hin d liu da theo phn loi layer/level

- Kch chut phi vo lp d liu CAD v chn Properties
- Chuyn sang th Drawing Layers
- nh du chn/b chn vo nhng layer cn thit
- Nhn Enable All/Disable All nu mun hin th/n ton b cc layer
- Nhn Restore Original nu mun tr v trng thi thit lp mc nh
- Nhn Restore Last tr v trng thi thit lp trc y
- Nhn OK.

11

2.2. Nn chnh ta d liu CAD

2.2.1. ng k thng tin h ta cho d liu CAD
Mc nh, file CAD khng lu li nhng thng tin qun l v h ta ca
d liu CAD, do c th lm vic chnh xc trn d liu CAD th cn thc
hin thao tc ng k thng tin h ta cho file CAD.
- Kch hot ng dng ArcCatalog.
- T ca s qun l cy th mc ca ArcCatalog, di chuyn n file CAD
cn xem.
- Click phi chut v chn Properties.
- Chuyn sang th General.
- Nhn Edit thit lp cc thng tin v h ta s dng.
- s dng h ta VN-2000 vi cc tham s ph hp vi d liu cn
qun l, c th s dng 2 phng php l to mi thng s cho h ta hoc
Import t ngun d liu ng k h ta .
- Nhn OK.
i vi ngun d liu CAD ca cc ngnh trong a bn Tnh hu ht u
s dng h to VN-2000 vi mi chiu 3o, kinh tuyn trc 107:
- Chn New Projected Coordinate System hp thoi Spatial Reference
Properties
12

- Nhp tn cho h ta , v d: vn2000-3do-107

- Chn Project l: Transverse_Mercator v nhp nhng tham s sau:
Gi tr

Tham s
False_Easting

500000

False_Northing

Central_Meridian

107

Scale_Factor

0.9999

Latitude_Of_Origin

13

- mc Geographic Coordinate System, nhn chn Change ri chn

World/WGS1984.prj

- Nhn Add
- Nhn OK
- Nhp vo tn file cha cc tham s h to lu (mc nh ArcGIS s
s dng tn trng vi tn ca file CAD)
- Nhn Save.
Trng hp trc y tn ti cc lp d liu ng k h to cn
s dng:
- Chn Import hp thoi Spatial Reference Properties

14

- Di chuyn n lp d liu ri nhn Add

- Cc thao tc cn li thc hin tng t bc ng k thng tin h to

2.2.2. Nn chnh ta d liu CAD
Trong thc t, qu trnh xy dng cc bn CAD khng phi lc no cc
n v t vn cng tun th hon ton cc quy nh v h to , chnh v vy
khi thc hin chng lp ln cc lp d liu c sn s xut hin tnh trng sai lch
v v tr. Lc ny cn thc hin cc thao tc nn chnh d liu CAD v theo
ngun d liu GIS ang s dng.
15

Mt s vn thng gp trong bn v CAD:

- V tr i tng b dch chuyn so vi v tr trn thc a

- i tng b xoay theo 1 gc no so vi v tr thc a

- Qu trnh nn chnh d liu CAD c thc hin thng qua thanh cng c
Georeferencing trong ArcMap.
- Trc khi thc hin vic nn chnh, cn b sung nhng lp d liu cn
thit lm c s xc nh v tr cho d liu nn chnh, chng hn nh a gii
hnh chnh, giao thng, im mc ti khu vc cn lm vic.
a. M thanh cng c Georeferencing
- Trong ArcMap, vo Customize\Toolbars, chn Georeferencing.
- Di chuyn thanh cng c n v tr thun li cho vic s dng.

16

b. Cc thao tc nn chnh d liu chung

- xoay d liu 900 theo chiu kim ng h: chn Georeferencing\Flip or
Rotate\Rotate Right
- xoay d liu 900 ngc chiu kim ng h: chn Georeferencing\Flip
or Rotate\Rotate Left

- xoay d liu theo mt gc tu : kch chn nt lnh Rotate. Sau

kch chut vo bn v xoay theo gc cn chnh.
- dch chuyn d liu n v tr khc: kch chn nt lnh Shift. Sau
kch chut vo bn v ko n v tr cn chnh.
- iu chnh t l ca d liu: kch chn nt lnh Scale. Sau kch
chut vo bn v iu chnh n kch thc ph hp.

c. Nn chnh bng phng php to im khng ch

- Kch chn nt lnh Add Control Points trn thanh cng c Georeferencing
17

- Kch vo 1 v tr xc nh trn d liu CAD to im khi u

- Kch vo v tr tng ng hin ti trn bn to im ch, hoc kch
phi chut, chn Input X and Y, ri nhp vo to cho im ch

- Lc ny trn bn s xut hin ng ch hng ni gia 2 im trn

- i vi d liu CAD, ch c th to ti a 2 v tr khng ch

- iu chnh cc v tr khng ch, kch chn nt lnh Link Table

- Hp thoi Link Table xut hin:

o Kch i chut vo cc gi tr to thay i to im
khng ch
18

o Nhn nt lnh Delete nu mun loi b v tr khng ch

o Nhn Save nu mun lu li cc v tr khng ch
o Nhn Load m file lu cc v tr khng ch
- Nhn OK

- Chn Georeferencing\Update Display thc hin nn chnh theo cc v

tr khng ch
- Nu kt qu nn chnh cha c theo yu cu, chn
Georeferencing\Reset Transformation khi phc li trng thi ban u v
thc hin li cc thao tc nn chnh
- Sau khi nn chnh xong, chn Georeferencing\ Update Geoferencing
lu li kt qu

2.3. Chn lc v chuyn i d liu

2.3.1. Gii thiu
Do c s khc nhau trong cch s dng v qun l d liu GIS v d liu
CAD: i vi CAD: d liu cng chnh l bn , trong bn v CAD s c
19

nhiu thng tin ch phc v mc ch minh ho cho d liu ch khng phi d

liu thc s; trong khi GIS c s quy nh cht ch v d liu. Chnh v vy khi
chuyn i t d liu CAD sang d liu GIS khng phi lc no cng chuyn
i ton b d liu m c s sng lc, phn loi qu trnh chuyn i c kt
qu tt nht.
- Cc tiu ch chn lc:
- Kiu i tng: point, polyline, polygon, text
- Level/Layer
- Th hin i tng: Color, Linetype, LineWt, Style, Fill, Cell
Cc tiu ch ny c th hin thng qua bng thuc tnh khi hin th trong
ArcGIS
Tn trng
FID

Kiu

di

Object ID

Shape

Tn trng

Kiu

di

BlkLineWt

Short

RefName

String

255

Entity

String

16

LTScale

Double

Handle

String

16

Angle

Double

Layer

String

255

ExtX

Double

LyrFrzn

Short

ExtY

Double

LyrLock

Short

ExtZ

Double

LyrOn

Short

ScaleX

Double

Color

Short

Style

String

255

EntColor

Short

FontId

Short

LyrColor

Short

Text

String

255

BlkColor

Short

Height

Double

Linetype

String

255

TxtWidth

Double

Elevation

Double

VertAlign

String

32

Thickness

Double

TxtFont

String

255

Short

LnSpace

Short

LineWt

20

i vi nhng d liu c quy nh, chng hn nh bn s dng t ,

nhng thng tin ny s gip ngi dng d dng chn lc c nhng lp d
liu mong mun.
Quy nh v phn lp trn bn hin trng s dng t v bn quy
hoch s dng t theo 23/2007/Q-BTNMT
Tn i tng

Tn i tng

Level

Level

Bin gii quc gia

ng tnh

13

a gii hnh chnh cp tnh

ng huyn

16

a gii hnh chnh cp

huyn

Cu

20

a gii hnh chnh cp x

Bnh

26

Ranh gii khoanh t hin

trng

im cao

29

Ranh gii khoanh t quy

hoch

Mu loi t

30

Ranh gii cc n v s dng

Pattern loi t hin trng

31
21

t
UBND

Pattern loi t quy hoch

32

Sn bay, nh, cha, miu,

n, nh th, i PTTH, SV,
trng hc, bnh vin, trm y
t, bu in

M s dng t hin trng

33

ng st

10

M s dng t quy hoch

34

Quc l

11

2.3.2. To Geodatabase cha cc lp d liu GIS chuyn i

- Trong ArcCatalog, di chuyn n th mc cn lm vic
- Kch phi chut v chn New\File Geodatabase
- Nhp tn cho geodatabase
- Nhn Enter

2.3.3. Chn lc d liu trong ArcMap

- Trong ArcMap, vo menu Selection v chn Select By Attributes
- Chn tn lp d liu
- Nhp vo biu thc tm kim
- Nhn Apply
V d: cn chn lc nhng i tng tha t t bn hin trng s dng
t, cn s dng biu thc:
"Level" = 30

22

- chuyn i nhng d liu ang chn sang nh dng GIS, kch phi
chut vo lp d liu, chn Data\Export Data
- Chn ng dn cho d liu chuyn i
- Nhn OK.

2.3.4. Chn lc v chuyn i d liu trong ArcCatalog

- Trong ArcCatalog, di chuyn n lp d liu CAD cn lm vic
- Kch phi chut v chn Export\To Geodatabase (single)
23

- Chn ng dn n geodatabase dng cha d liu

- Chn tn lp d liu chuyn i
- Nhn vo nt lnh SQL xy dng biu thc chn lc d liu (tng t
qu trnh chn lc trong ArcMap)
- Chn cc thuc tnh chuyn i km theo nu cn thit
- Nhn OK.

24

Lu : i vi phng php chuyn i ny nu lp d liu chuyn i l

kiu Annotation (text) th khi chuyn sang GIS s tr thnh d liu kiu point,
cn ni dung ca text s chuyn thnh thuc tnh ca im .
2.3.5. Chuyn i d liu kiu Annotation (Text)
- khc phc tnh trng chuyn i kiu annotation t file CAD thnh d
liu kiu point trong ArcGIS, c th s dng cng c Import CAD Annotation
- Trong ArcCatalog/ ArcMap, m thanh cng c ArcToolbox v chn
Conversion Tools\To Geodatabase\Import CAD Annotation

- Chn lp d liu Annotation ca file CAD

- Chn geodatabase v tn lp d liu chuyn i
- Nhp t l tham chiu
- Nhn OK

25

Lu : phng php ny s chuyn i ton b cc i tng text trong d

liu CAD, do sau khi hon tt qu trnh chuyn i c th s phi thc hin
chn lc li d liu cho ph hp.

2.4. Kim tra v chun ha d liu

26

2.4.1. Loi b nhng thuc tnh d tha

D liu CAD sau khi chuyn sang ArcGIS s c gn thm rt nhiu
thuc tnh nhm h tr cho vic chn lc v phn loi d liu ca ngi dng.
Tuy nhin, nu nhiu thuc tnh d tha s gy kh khn cho vic qun l
cng nh lm tng kch thc d liu.

- Trong ArcMap, kch phi chut vo lp d liu v chn Open Attribute

Table m bng thuc tnh

- Di chuyn n tn trng thuc tnh cn xo, kch phi chut v chn

Delete Field

2.4.2. B sung nhng trng thuc tnh cn thit

- bng thuc tnh ca ArcMap, kch chn Options v chn Add Field

27

- Nhp tn trng thuc tnh

- Nhp kiu thuc tnh
- Mt s kiu thuc tnh thng dng:
o Short Integer, Long Integer: s nguyn
o Float, Double: s thc
o Text: kiu chui
o Date: kiu ngy gi
o Lu : i vi kiu text th cn xc nh di ti a cho php l
bao nhiu k t ( mc Length)
- Nhn OK.

V d: Cc thng tin thuc tnh c bn ca lp d liu tha t:

Thng tin
S hiu tha

Kiu d liu

di

Short Integer
28

Tn ch tha

Text

50

a ch tha

Text

150

M s dng t

Text

Din tch

Double

T bn

Short Integer

2.4.3. Chuyn i d liu t Polyline sang Polygon

- M ca s ArcToolbox trong ArcMap/ ArcCatalog, di chuyn n Data
Management Tools\Features v chn Feature To Polygon

- Nhp lp d liu polyline

- Nhp tn lp d liu chuyn i
- Nhn OK

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- Trong trng hp mun chuyn i ngc li t d liu polygon

polyline, s dng cng c Polygon To Line
2.4.4. Chuyn i d liu thnh kiu Point
c trng thit k ca CAD: cc k hiu d liu kiu im (UBND, nh
th, cha, trng hc, bnh vin) thng c thit k v biu din bi cc
cell.
Khi chuyn sang GIS nhng cell ny s c chuyn i thnh polygon,
hoc polyline, iu ny khng ng vi tiu chun qun l trong GIS (point).
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- ca s ArcToolbox, di chuyn n Data Management Tools\Features v

chn Feature To Point

- Nhp lp d liu polyline/polygon

- Nhp tn lp d liu chuyn i
- Nhn OK.

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2.4.5. Kt hp nhiu lp d liu thnh mt lp

- ca s ArcToolbox, di chuyn n Data Management Tools\General v
chn Merge

- Chn cc lp cn kt hp
- Nhp tn lp d liu kt qu
- Nhn OK

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2.4.6. Lin kt thuc tnh da trn v tr khng gian

Trong qu trnh chuyn i d liu t CAD sang GIS, cc i tng sau
khi chuyn i ch c hnh dng khng gian ch cha c thng tin thuc tnh
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qun l. Thng thng nhng thng tin thuc tnh ny trong d liu CAD
thng di dng text v thuc cc level/layer khc.
Trong mt s iu kin nht nh, c th lin kt nhng thng tin text ny
tr thnh thuc tnh cho i tng cn qun l chnh da theo v tr khng
gian gia cc i tng.
V d:
Sau khi chuyn i d liu a chnh sang GIS, ngi s dng c cc lp
d liu: tha t (polygon), s hiu tha (point/text), k hiu loi t
(point/text), ch s hu (point/text)... Thc cht trong GIS th nhng thng tin
ny s l thuc tnh gn vi i tng tha t, do cn c s lin kt gia cc
i tng ny.
- Trong ArcMap, di chuyn n lp d liu cn lin kt, kch phi chut v
chn Joins and Relates\ Join

- Chn phng php Join data from another layer based on spatial location
- Chn lp d liu c cha thuc tnh cn lin kt
- Chn cch thc lin kt Each polygon will be given all the attributes of
the point
- Nhp tn lp d liu kt qu
- Nhn OK.

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35

2.4.7. Lin kt thuc tnh da trn gi tr thuc tnh

Phng php ny cho php lin kt thuc tnh t cc bng d liu c sn
vo 1 lp d liu cho trc da trn nhng thng tin chung gia chng.
V d: Ngi dng c d liu GIS v tha t, trong ch c thng tin v
s hiu tha, ng thi cn c bng s liu v tha t (file excel) bao gm cc
thng tin b sung nh loi t, din tch, s t bn , do nhng thng tin
ny cn lin kt n d liu GIS tha t lm tng gi tr s dng cho d liu.
- Trong ArcMap, di chuyn n lp d liu cn lin kt, kch phi chut v
chn Joins and Relates\ Join
- Chn phng php lin kt l Join attributes from a table
- Chn trng lin kt
- Chn bng d liu c cha thng tin lin kt
- Chn trng lin kt cho bng d liu
- Chn tu chn Keep all records
- Nhn OK.

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37

2.4.8. Hp nht i tng da theo gi tr thuc tnh

- ca s ArcToolbox, di chuyn n Data Management Tools\
Generalization v chn Dissolve

- Chn lp d liu u vo
- Nhp tn lp d liu kt qu
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- Chn trng thuc tnh cn hp nht

- Nhn OK.
V d: to lp d liu s dng t t d liu tha t bng phng php
hp nht t thng tin loi t.

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2.4.9. Kim tra Topology d liu

a. Gii thiu
i vi nhng d liu c th, c cc yu cu cao v chnh xc ca d
liu, ArcGIS cung cp phng php cho php kim tra v chnh sa nhng li
v mt quan h khng gian gia cc i tng.
V d: i vi d liu tha t trong a chnh th yu cu cc tha t phi
c s tip bin vi nhau, khng c chng ln nhau cng nh khng c khong
h gia cc tha.
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Cc yu cu v d liu ny c quy nh trong ArcGIS thng qua cc quy

tc topology.
thc hin phng php ny i hi d liu ca ngi dng phi c
lu tr trong cc Feature Dataset ca geodatabase.
Tu theo kiu d liu u vo ca ngi dng (point, polyline, polygon)
m ArcGIS cung cp cc quy tc topology ph hp s dng:
- i vi d liu point

- i vi d liu polyline

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- i vi d liu polygon

42

43

b. Thit lp topology cho d liu

- thit lp quy tc topology cho d liu, trong ArcCatalog, di chuyn
n Feature Dataset cha d liu
- Kch phi chut v chn New\Topology

- Nhn Next
44

- t tn cho topology
- Nhn Next

- Chn nhng lp mun thit lp topology

- Nhn Next

45

- Nhn Next

- Nhn Add Rule thit lp cc quy tc topology cho d liu

- Nhn Next

46

- Nhn Finish

- Chn Yes

- Lc ny trong feature dataset cha d liu s xut hin topology va to

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c. Kim tra li topology d liu

- Khi to ArcMap
- M lp topology to
- Kch hot 2 cng c Editor v Topology

- Trn thanh cng c Editor, chn Editor\Start Editing

- Chn nt lnh Error Inspector trn thanh cng c Topology

- B chn tu chn Visible Extent only v nhn Search Now. Hp thoi s

hin th danh sch cc i tng b li

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- S dng cc thao tc bin tp d liu trong ArcMap chnh sa cc i

tng li.
2.4.10. Chuyn i d liu sang file CAD
ArcGIS khng h tr kh nng chnh sa trc tip trn file CAD, do nu
c nhu cu ng dng d liu GIS trn mi trng CAD cn thc hin chuyn
i d liu sang file CAD.
Cc nh dng CAD m ArcGIS h tr:
o DGN (V8)
o DWG (R14/R2000/R2004/R2005/R2007)
o DXF (R14/R2000/R2004/R2005/R2007)
- Trong ArcCatalog, di chuyn n lp d liu cn chuyn sang CAD
- Kch phi chut v chn Export\To CAD

- Chn nhng lp cn thit chuyn sang file CAD

- Chn nh dng file CAD cn to (DWG, DXF, DGN)
- Chn ng dn n file CAD cn to
- Chn seed file cho file CAD (nu c)
- Nhn OK.

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3.

KT LUN

Do c im ng dng gia CAD v GIS l khc nhau, chnh v vy trong

qu trnh chuyn i d liu t CAD sang GIS, ngi dng cn hiu r d liu
ca mnh, sau cn nm r mc tiu v kt qu chuyn i la chn cc
bc thc hin cho ph hp. phc tp ca qu trnh chuyn i ph thuc
vo cht lng ca d liu CAD. D liu CAD nu c t chc tt s gip qu
trnh chn lc c d dng, gim thiu cc thao tc th cng v hn ch nhng
sai st trong qu trnh kim tra, chun ho d liu sau ny. Ngoi ra, bn thn d
liu CAD khng c thng tin thuc tnh nn sau khi chuyn i cc i tng
ch c hnh dng khng gian m cha c thuc tnh, do cn kt hp vi cc
d liu iu tra, thng k b sung thuc tnh cho i tng.

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