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    Vectors and 1D Motion

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    Darren Hakimi
    This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a physics class on vectors and 1D motion. It introduces vectors and scalars, the SI system of units used in physics, and vector operations including addition, subtraction, and decomposition into components. It also covers displacement and velocity, instantaneous vs. average velocity and acceleration, motion with constant acceleration, and relating position, velocity, and acceleration through integration. Key concepts are idealized models, fundamental quantities, and vector representation with magnitude and direction.

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    Vectors and 1D Motion

    Uploaded by

    Darren Hakimi
    8 views20 pages
    This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a physics class on vectors and 1D motion. It introduces vectors and scalars, the SI system of units used in physics, and vector operations including addition, subtraction, and decomposition into components. It also covers displacement and velocity, instantaneous vs. average velocity and acceleration, motion with constant acceleration, and relating position, velocity, and acceleration through integration. Key concepts are idealized models, fundamental quantities, and vector representation with magnitude and direction.

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    Lecture 01.pdf

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    This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a physics class on vectors and 1D motion. It introduces vectors and scalars, the SI system of units used in physics, and vector operations including addition, subtraction, and decomposition into components. It also covers displacement and velocity, instantaneous vs. average velocity and acceleration, motion with constant acceleration, and relating position, velocity, and acceleration through integration. Key concepts are idealized models, fundamental quantities, and vector representation with magnitude and direction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    8 views20 pages

    Vectors and 1D Motion

    Uploaded by

    Darren Hakimi
    This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a physics class on vectors and 1D motion. It introduces vectors and scalars, the SI system of units used in physics, and vector operations including addition, subtraction, and decomposition into components. It also covers displacement and velocity, instantaneous vs. average velocity and acceleration, motion with constant acceleration, and relating position, velocity, and acceleration through integration. Key concepts are idealized models, fundamental quantities, and vector representation with magnitude and direction.

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    of 20

    Physics 145.

    Lecture 1
    Vectors and 1D Motion

    The nature of physics


    Physics is an experimental
    science in which physicists seek
    patterns that relate the
    phenomena of nature.
    The patterns are called physical
    theories.
    A very well established or widely
    used theory is called a physical
    law or principle.

    Idealized models:
    To simplify the analysis of a
    baseball in flight, we use an
    idealized model.

    Standards and units and prefixes


    Length, time, and mass are three fundamental quantities of
    physics.
    The International System (SI for Systme International) is
    the most widely used system of units.
    In SI units, length is measured in meters, time in seconds,
    and mass in kilograms.
    Prefixes can be used to create larger and smaller units for
    the fundamental quantities. Some examples are:
    1 m = 106 m (size of some bacteria and living cells)
    1 km = 103 m (a 10-minute walk)
    1 mg = 106 kg (mass of a grain of salt)
    1 g = 103 kg (mass of a paper clip)
    1 ns = 109 s (time for light to travel 0.3 m)

    Vectors and scalars


    A scalar quantity can be described by a single number.
    A vector quantity cannot be represented by a single
    number. It is often convenient to think of vectors as having
    both a magnitude and a direction in space.

    In books, a vector quantity is represented in boldface italic


    type with an arrow over it: .
    The magnitude of is written as or .
    Why are vectors important?
    Many physical quantities behave like vectors, therefore, it is
    important to know their properties.

    Displacement Vector

    Vector Addition

    Vector Subtraction

    What about multiplication????

    Vector Components
    A set of axes can be attached to a vector

    Vector Components

    = + + +
    = + + +
    =

    2 + 2

    tan1

    3D Vectors

    = + + +
    = + + +
    = + + +
    =

    2 + 2 + 2

    Example
    Example 1.7

    Unit Vectors

    = + +
    = + +
    =+
    = + + + + +

    Displacement and Velocity

    = 2 1
    = 2 1
    ,

    Displacement and Velocity

    = 2 1

    = 2 1

    Instantaneous Velocity
    ,


    = lim
    =
    0

    Speed vs velocity?

    Instantaneous Velocity
    ,


    = lim
    =
    0

    Speed vs velocity?

    Average and instantaneous Acceleration

    2
    = lim
    =
    = 2
    0

    Motion with Constant Acceleration

    Freely Falling Bodies


    = = 9.8 m/s 2

    Velocity and Position by Integration


    2

    2 1 =


    1
    2

    2 1 =

    = 0 +

    = 0 +

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